JP6242273B2 - Buoyancy sorting apparatus and sorting method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a buoyancy sorting device and a sorting method.

  Conventionally, what is shown in patent document 1 is known as a buoyancy sorter which sorts a lightweight thing and gravel by buoyancy. This buoyancy sorting device applies a water flow to the input material that has been put into the water, floats the light weight that has risen in the water flow to the surface of the water, sucks it with a suction pipe, and sinks heavy gravel to sink the belt. It is collected on a conveyor.

JP 2007-167835 A

  However, the buoyancy sorting apparatus as described above is intended for a gravel that contains a small amount of light weight. Here, the disaster waste caused by disasters caused by recent earthquakes, tsunamis, etc., has an indefinite shape and size of light weight and may contain a lot of light weight compared to gravel. In such an input, when an attempt is made to sort gravel and light weight using the above buoyancy sorter, there arises a problem that the sort cannot be sufficiently sorted. Therefore, there is a demand for a buoyancy sorting device that can reliably sort lightweight objects.

  Therefore, the present invention provides a buoyancy sorting device and a sorting method that can reliably sort light weight from gravel, particularly wood chips that have been difficult to separate and collect due to heavy moisture absorption and specific gravity. The purpose is to do.

  The buoyancy sorter according to the present invention is a buoyancy sorter that sorts and removes gravel and light weight according to the difference in specific gravity of the input, and includes a cleaning pool in which water is stored, and a slip that moves the input obliquely downward. A vibration mechanism that applies vibration to the input on the plate and the sliding plate, and a water flow generator that generates a water flow by supplying water to the input part for supplying the input to the cleaning pool and the cleaning pool. An air supply unit that is arranged in the washing pool and supplies buoyancy to the input by supplying air, a conveyance unit that is arranged in the washing pool and conveys gravel to the outside of the washing pool, and the washing pool And an overflow section that is disposed on the downstream side of the water flow and allows a lightweight object to flow over the water from the cleaning pool.

  The buoyancy sorting apparatus according to the present invention is arranged in a washing pool and generates a water flow by supplying water, and is arranged in the washing pool and imparts buoyancy to an input by supplying air. And an overflow section that is disposed at the upper edge of the cleaning pool and on the downstream side of the water flow, and overflows a lightweight object together with water from the cleaning pool. Therefore, the input charged in the water is subjected to the action of lifting pressure by the water flow generated by the water flow generation unit and the air supplied by the air supply unit. There is a difference in falling speed and pressure-receiving area in water between the light weight and the gravel. As a result, the lightweight object having a low specific gravity is caused to flow to the overflow part by the water flow, and to flow outside the washing pool through the overflow part. On the other hand, gravel with a high specific gravity falls outside the water and is transported to the transport section, thereby being transported out of the cleaning pool. Further, the charging unit includes a sliding plate that moves the charging material obliquely downward and a vibration mechanism that applies vibration to the charging material on the sliding plate, and can input the charging material to the cleaning pool. With such a configuration, on the sliding plate, while moving a light article to the upper layer side and moving a gravel to the lower layer side, the input D is spread thinly and substantially uniformly along the width direction, and in the washing pool The input material can be input so as to have a cloth shape. This makes it easy for a lightweight object to receive the effect of buoyancy assistance by air, and allows it to move quickly to the overflow section side by the water flow. As described above, it is possible to reliably sort light objects from the gravel, in particular, wood chips and the like that have been difficult to separate and collect by absorbing moisture and increasing the specific gravity.

  In the buoyancy sorting apparatus according to the present invention, the height of the overflow section may be adjustable. Accordingly, the height of the overflow section can be set to an appropriate condition in accordance with the contents of the lightweight article and gravel in the input, and the lightweight article can be caused to overflow at the overflow section.

  In the buoyancy sorting apparatus according to the present invention, the cleaning pool may include a water flow portion in which a water flow is formed by the water flow generation unit, and a floating material recovery unit that recovers a floating material floating on the water surface of the cleaning pool. As a result, gravel and light materials are sorted out in the water flow part, while the floating substance that cannot be completely sorted out in the water flow part and floats on the surface of the washing pool is collected in the floating substance recovery part. can do.

  In the buoyancy sorting apparatus according to the present invention, the washing pool includes a water flow portion in which a water flow is formed by the water flow generation portion, and the water flow portion has an opening under the water surface to collect a light weight separated from gravel. A separation / recovery unit for recovery may be provided. As a result, the light weight that falls in the water of the water flow part without overflowing at the overflow part can be recovered by the separation and recovery part. Further, the separation / recovery unit can take in a lightweight object from the opening. Thereby, it can suppress that the lightweight thing collect | recovered by the isolation | separation collection | recovery part is wound up and taken out from a isolation | separation collection part.

  In the buoyancy sorting apparatus according to the present invention, at least one of the position and height of the opening of the separation and recovery unit may be adjustable. Thereby, according to the content of the lightweight thing and gravel in an input material, the structure of a separation-and-recovery part can be set to an appropriate condition, and a lightweight thing can be collect | recovered.

  In the buoyancy sorting apparatus according to the present invention, the speed of the water flow by the water flow generation unit may be adjustable. Thereby, the speed of the water flow can be set to an appropriate condition according to the contents of the light weight and gravel in the input.

  In the buoyancy sorting apparatus according to the present invention, the air pressure by the air supply unit may be adjustable. Thereby, the pressure of air can be set to an appropriate condition according to the contents of the light weight and gravel in the input.

  The sorting method according to the present invention is a sorting method for sorting gravel and light weight using the above buoyancy sorting device, according to the specific gravity of the light weight to be separated and recovered, the height of the overflow section, At least one of the speed of the water flow by the water flow generation unit, the air pressure by the air supply unit, and the interval between the input unit and the overflow unit is adjusted. According to the sorting method according to the present invention, appropriate conditions can be set according to the contents of the light weight and gravel in the input, and the light weight can be reliably sorted from the gravel.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to reliably sort light-weight items from gravel, in particular, wood chips and the like that have been difficult to separate and collect by absorbing moisture and increasing the specific gravity.

1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a buoyancy sorting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of an overflow part periphery. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows schematic structure of the buoyancy sorter | selector which concerns on a modification. It is a schematic block diagram of the buoyancy sorting apparatus shown in FIG.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the following description, the same or equivalent elements will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description will be omitted.

  First, a schematic configuration of the buoyancy sorting device 1 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a buoyancy sorting apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment. The buoyancy sorting device 1 is a device that sorts and removes the gravel content d1 and the light weight material d2 by the difference in specific gravity of the input D including the gravel content d1 and the light weight material d2. Details of the contents of the input D will be described later. As shown in FIG. 1, the buoyancy sorting apparatus 1 includes a cleaning pool 2, a charging unit 3, a water flow generation unit 4, an air supply unit 6, a transport unit 7, an overflow unit 8, and a lightweight object recovery unit. 9 and a gravel content discharging part 11. In the present embodiment, each component of the buoyancy sorting device 1 is supported by the structure 50. However, details of the structure 50 are omitted for simplification of the drawing. 1 is the “length direction D1” of the buoyancy sorting device 1, the front-back direction of the paper is the “width direction D2” of the buoyancy sorting device 1, and the vertical direction of the paper is the “vertical direction of the buoyancy sorting device 1. The following description will be given as “D3”.

  The cleaning pool 2 is a tank for storing water for sorting the input D by buoyancy. In FIG. 1, the water level of the water stored in the cleaning pool 2 is indicated by “WF”. In the present embodiment, the washing pool 2 has a deep water depth on one end 1a side (left side in FIG. 1) in the length direction D1 of the buoyancy sorting device 1, and the other end 1b side (see FIG. 1) in the length direction D1. 1 is formed so as to become shallower toward the right side of the drawing. That is, the bottom wall 2a of the cleaning pool 2 is inclined so as to extend obliquely upward from the one end 1a side toward the other end 1b side. The cleaning pool 2 is divided into a water flow portion 2A where the water flow WS is generated by the water flow generation unit 4 and a floating material recovery unit 2B that recovers the floating material floating on the water surface of the cleaning pool 2.

  2 A of water flow parts are provided in the area | region by the side of the one end 1a of the buoyancy sorter 1, and are the parts which sort the input material D thrown in from the injection | throwing-in part 3 into the gravel part d1 and the lightweight material d2. In the present embodiment, the water flow portion 2A is formed in a region between the wall portion 12 and the wall portion 13 that face each other so as to face the length direction D1. In addition, the wall part 12 and the wall part 13 may be inclined as shown in FIG.1 and FIG.2 (a), and may extend to the up-down direction D3 substantially perpendicularly as shown in FIG.2 (b). . The suspended matter recovery unit 2B is provided in a region on the other end 1b side of the buoyancy sorting device 1, and is a part that collects the lightweight matter d2 attached to the gravel portion d1 without being completely sorted out by the water flow part 2A. The suspended matter collection unit 2B is provided with a collection basket 14 that collects the lightweight object d2 floating in the vicinity of the water surface WF at a height position corresponding to the water surface WF. The collection basket 14 is arranged on the other end 1b side (the gravel portion discharge part 11 side) with respect to the water flow part 2A.

  The input unit 3 includes a sliding plate 18 that moves the input D obliquely downward, and a vibration mechanism 17 that imparts vibration to the input D on the sliding plate 18. Specifically, the charging unit 3 is configured by a vibration chute 19, and the bottom surface of the vibration chute 19 is configured as a sliding plate 18, and vibration is generated by attaching a vibration motor to the wall portion of the vibration chute 19. A mechanism 17 is configured. A bifurcated charging chute 21 may be provided at the charging port of the vibration chute 19. The outlet 3 a of the charging unit 3 is disposed above the water flow part 2 </ b> A of the cleaning pool 2. Further, the sliding plate 18 is inclined obliquely downward from the other end 1b side to the one end 1a side in the length direction D1. Accordingly, the input D is input from the bifurcated input chute 21 and falls onto the slide plate 18, and slides down on the slide plate 18 from the other end 1b side to the one end 1a side in the length direction D1, and the outlet 3a. Is dropped into the water flow section 2A. In addition, vibration is applied to the input D sliding down on the sliding plate 18 by the vibration mechanism 17. Accordingly, the input D spreads out substantially uniformly in the width direction D2 on the sliding plate 18. Further, as shown in FIG. 2 (a), the input D has a lighter specific gravity (mainly light weight d2) on the upper layer side and a higher specific gravity (mainly gravel d1) on the lower layer side. To move. As a result, the input unit 3 can input the input D into the cleaning pool 2 so as to form a cloth in the cleaning pool 2. “Throwing in a cloth shape” means throwing into the cleaning pool 2 in a state where the input D is thinly spread almost uniformly along the width direction D2 (for example, FIG. 2B). See). In addition, the inclination direction of the sliding plate 18 is not specifically limited, For example, you may incline in diagonally downward toward the other end 1b side from the one end 1a side.

  The water flow generation unit 4 is disposed in the cleaning pool 2 and generates a water flow WS by supplying water. The water flow generation unit 4 includes a water supply unit 22 that supplies auxiliary water in the water stored in the cleaning pool 2. In addition, the water supply part 22 may use the external supply water from the outside, and may use the circulating water in the buoyancy sorting apparatus 1 (for example, the water stored in the tank after the collection of the lightweight object d2). The water flow generation unit 4 generates a water flow WS for the water D of the water flow unit 2A and the input D of the water surface WF. Although the direction of the water flow WS is not particularly limited, the water flow generation unit 4 may generate the water flow WS so as to be substantially parallel to the movement of the input D. For example, in the example shown in FIG. 1, the water supply unit 22 ejects water substantially horizontally from the other end 1b side to the one end 1a side toward the water flow portion 2A, but the water flow WS once forms the wall portion 13. The rear surface (the surface on the opposite side of the water flow portion 2A), and enters the water flow portion 2A around the lower end of the wall portion 13. Thereby, the water flow WS becomes a flow which goes diagonally upward with respect to the water flow part 2A. In this case, the water flow WS has a directional component in the horizontal direction and a directional component in the upward direction. However, by forming holes, meshes, or the like in the wall portion 13 or omitting the wall portion 13, water from the water supply portion 22 flows so that it is substantially horizontal to the cloth-like input D. The water stream WS may act on.

  The air supply part 6 is arrange | positioned in the washing | cleaning pool 2, and provides buoyancy to the input material D by supplying air. The air supply part 6 is arrange | positioned at the lower end side of 2 A of water flow parts, and supplies a bubble with respect to the input D toward the upper direction from the downward direction. For example, the air supply unit 6 may be configured by a bubbling pipe extending along the width direction D2 in the vicinity of the lower end of the wall 13 (see FIG. 2B). In the bubbling pipe, through holes are formed at a plurality of locations along the width direction D2, and bubbles are generated from the through holes. The air supply unit 6 does not need to be configured by a single bubbling pipe, and may be configured by a plurality of bubbling pipes. It is preferable that the air supply part 6 supplies air bubbles to substantially the entire region in the width direction D2 of the water flow part 2A. The arrangement of the air supply unit 6 is not particularly limited as long as air can be supplied to the input D from below.

  The transport unit 7 is arranged in the cleaning pool 2 and transports the gravel d1 to the outside of the cleaning pool 2. The transport unit 7 is configured by a belt conveyor provided on the bottom wall 2 a of the cleaning pool 2. The conveyance part 7 is extended diagonally upward along the bottom wall 2a from the downward direction of the water flow part 2A at least. Therefore, of the input D selected by the water flow part 2 </ b> A, the gravel portion d <b> 1 (including the light weight d <b> 2) that is not recovered by the overflow part 8 falls on the transport part 7. Further, the transport unit 7 extends obliquely above the water surface WF of the cleaning pool 2 on the other end 1 b side of the buoyancy sorting device 1. Therefore, the gravel portion d1 is transported by the transport portion 7 to the gravel portion discharge portion 11 provided on the other end 1b side of the buoyancy sorting device 1. A cleaning water supply unit 24 may be provided in the middle of the conveyance of the conveyance unit 7 (a position where gravel is extracted from the water surface WF into the atmosphere). In the middle of being transported to the transport unit 7, the light material d 2 mixed in the gravel d 1 in the water of the cleaning pool 2 is separated, or the light material d 2 is separated by the cleaning water from the cleaning water supply unit 24. Floating near the water surface WF. Such a light weight d2 is collected by the collection basket 14 described above. A gravel portion discharge unit 11 is provided at the end of the transport unit 7. Specifically, the gravel portion discharge unit 11 is configured by providing a discharge hopper 26 at the end of the transport unit 7.

  The overflow part 8 is disposed at the upper edge of the cleaning pool 2 and on the downstream side of the water flow WS, and causes the lightweight object d2 to overflow from the cleaning pool 2 together with water. As shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b), the overflow section 8 has a position in which the upper edge 8a of the wall 12 is substantially the same position as the water surface WF of the cleaning pool 2 or slightly higher than the water surface WF, or It is configured by extending to a slightly lower position. The overflow part 8 is formed over substantially the entire region in the width direction D2 of the water flow part 2A. In addition, the overflow part 8 may have the horizontal part 8b extended horizontally from the upper edge part 8a of the wall part 12 to the outer side (one end 1a side) of the length direction D1 (refer FIG. 2). In addition, the overflow part 8 is arrange | positioned in the position spaced apart from the exit 3a of the injection | throwing-in part 3 in the length direction D1. The water surface WF between the outlet 3a of the charging section 3 and the overflow section 8 is the water surface in the water flow section 2A, that is, the water surface that receives the input D (hereinafter, this portion is referred to as the charging water surface PWF). In the vicinity of the input water surface PWF, a water flow WS is generated in the lateral direction toward the overflow section 8. Accordingly, part of the water in the cleaning pool 2 overflows (overflows) the overflow portion 8 by the water flow WS. The light weight d2 floating on the input water surface PWF and the light weight d2 floating by the bubbles or the water flow WS get over the overflow portion 8 and flow to the outside of the cleaning pool 2 due to the flow velocity due to the overflow.

  The lightweight object recovery unit 9 recovers the lightweight object d2 that has overflowed the overflow part 8 together with water. The lightweight object recovery unit 9 includes a lightweight object transport unit 27 that extends obliquely downward from the upper edge (i.e., the overflow section 8) of the cleaning pool 2, and the lightweight object that has flown through the lightweight object transport unit 27. A recovery basket 28 that recovers d2 and a water tank 29 that recovers the water that has flowed along with the lightweight object d2 are provided. A draining screen 31 may be provided at a midway position of the lightweight object transport unit 27, and a certain amount of moisture is removed from the lightweight object d <b> 2 by the draining screen 31.

  Here, in the buoyancy sorting apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, various parameters are appropriately set in order to improve the collection rate of the lightweight object d2. These will be described with reference to FIG.

  First, in the buoyancy sorting apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, disaster waste generated by a disaster such as an earthquake or a tsunami can be handled as the input D. Conventional buoyancy sorting devices were able to remove impurities such as dust and dirt from gravel, but those that are removed from gravel as a lightweight material have a stable shape and physical properties within a certain range. There were many. Moreover, the amount of objects to be removed relative to the gravel was also small. On the other hand, disaster waste contains many wastes that are extremely unstable in shape and physical properties, and also contains a lot of garbage with respect to the gravel. The buoyancy sorting apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment sorts a light article d2 such as garbage and a gravel d1 for reuse from the input D whose shape and physical properties are not very stable as described above. be able to. In addition, the gravel part d1 in the input D handled in this embodiment has an average particle size of about 30 mm or less. The lightweight object d2 is mainly flammable garbage such as a piece of wood or vinyl. Although the size of the lightweight object d2 is extremely indeterminate, for example, even if a size of about 100 mm is included, it can be sorted by using the buoyancy sorting apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment. In particular, a piece of wood or the like has been difficult to separate and collect due to absorption of moisture and a high specific gravity, but such piece of wood can also be collected. In addition, the thing smaller than the said size may be contained in the lightweight object d2. Compared with the input handled by the conventional buoyancy sorter, the light weight d2 in the input D that can be handled in this embodiment is large, and the ratio of the light weight d2 to the gravel fraction d1 is 40% or less (volume ratio). It is.

In the buoyancy sorting device 1, the shape and size of the charging part 3 and the shape and size of the water flow part 2A are appropriate in order to enable efficient sorting even with the input D whose shape and physical properties are not very stable as described above. It is set to something. First, the dimension L1 (see FIG. 2B) of the water flow part 2A in the width direction D2 is made too wide so that the air from the air supply part 6 can assist the buoyant article D in the width direction D2 evenly. Preferably not. On the other hand, if the dimension L1 is too narrow, the input amount of the input material D may be reduced, resulting in a decrease in processing capacity. Further, when the input amount is increased even though the dimension L1 is too narrow, the input material D is supplied in a state where it is densely packed in a narrow range. There is a possibility that the buoyancy due to the water flow WS and the bubbles cannot be satisfactorily applied. Therefore, the dimension L1 is set to about 2 to 4 m. In addition, the dimension of the width direction D2 of the insertion part 3 is also set to be substantially the same as the dimension L1. Further, the input amount that the input unit 3 inputs the input D into the cleaning pool 2 is about 100 to 200 m ³ . This input amount can be adjusted according to the contents of the input D. The inclination angle of the inclined portion of the sliding plate 18 of the charging unit 3 is set to about 30 to 40 °, the length of the sliding plate 18 is set to about 1 to 2 m, and the vibration force by the vibration mechanism 17 is 1.5 to 3. It is set to about 7 kW. The inclination angle and length of the sliding plate 18 can be adjusted by providing an adjustment mechanism or the like, and the magnitude of the vibration force can also be adjusted by adjusting the output of the vibration mechanism 17. Further, the height of the charging unit 3 (the falling distance of the charging material D), that is, the dimension in the vertical direction D3 between the edge 18a of the sliding plate 18 and the water surface WF is set to about 0 to 30 mm. This dimension can be adjusted, for example, by providing a mechanism that adjusts the position of the insertion portion 3 in the vertical direction D3.

  Moreover, the speed of the water flow WS by the water flow generation unit 4 can be adjusted. The water flow WS can be adjusted, for example, by adjusting the flow rate supplied by the water supply unit 22. Specifically, the water flow WS is set to about 0.3 to 0.8 m / second in the entire region of the water flow portion 2A. When the flow velocity of the water stream WS is smaller than the above range, there is a possibility that combustible waste (wood pieces) containing moisture and having a relatively large specific gravity cannot be sufficiently overflowed by the overflow section 8. On the other hand, when the flow velocity of the water stream WS is larger than the range, the gravel may go around to the combustible side more than expected. Moreover, the pressure of the air by the air supply part 6 can be adjusted. The air pressure can be adjusted, for example, by adjusting the air supply amount. Specifically, the air pressure may be set to about the air source 2HP, for example. If the air pressure is too much in the range, it may not be possible to impart sufficient buoyancy to the lightweight object d2. On the other hand, when the pressure of air is excessively larger than the range, gravel may go to the combustible side more than expected. In addition, regarding arrangement | positioning of the air supply part 6, the position of the deepest part of the said air supply part 6 becomes synonymous with the depth of the wall part 13, and may be set to about 1.5-2.0 m.

  Moreover, the height of the overflow part 8 is comprised so that adjustment is possible. The height of the overflow portion 8 may be adjustable by, for example, configuring the height near the upper edge portion 8a of the wall portion 12 so as to be expandable and contractible, and constitutes the upper edge portion 8a and the horizontal portion 8b of the wall portion 12. It is good also as adjustment possible by constituting so that it can exchange with the member to do. The height of the overflow portion 8, that is, the height position of the upper edge portion 8a (horizontal portion 8b) is set to about 0 to 20 mm with respect to the water surface WF. When the height of the overflow part 8 is lower than the range, there is a possibility of overflowing the overflow part 8 up to the gravel portion d1. On the other hand, when the height of the overflow part 8 is higher than the range, even if the flow velocity of the water stream WS is increased, the lightweight object d2 may not be able to overflow the overflow part 8. Further, the separation distance L2 in the length direction D1 between the overflow portion 8 and the charging portion 3 (that is, in the length direction D1 between the edge portion 18a of the sliding plate 18 and the upper edge portion 8a of the wall portion 12). The dimension) is configured to be adjustable. For example, the separation distance L2 can be increased by providing a mechanism that enables the position adjustment of the input portion 3 in the length direction D1 or by providing a mechanism that enables the position adjustment of the overflow portion 8 in the length direction D1. It can be adjusted. The separation distance L2 is at least smaller than the dimension L1 in the width direction D2 of the water flow portion 2A and is set to about 80 cm to 1.5 m. When the separation distance L2 is smaller than the range, there is a possibility that the input water surface PWF is filled with the overflow and is blocked at the portion. On the other hand, when the separation distance L2 is larger than the range, there is a possibility that the portion with insufficient buoyancy cannot be overflowed and settles down. A partition wall or the like is not provided between the overflow section 8 and the input section 3 (that is, a partition wall or the like is not provided on the input water surface PWF), and the input water surface PWF is an edge of the input section 3. A continuous water surface is formed between the portion 18a and the overflow portion 8 along the length direction D1. Here, the water flow generating unit 4 supplies water from the outside (or by circulating water) to the water flow unit 2A, so that the water in the water flow unit 2A can be overflowed by the overflow unit 8 due to the water amount increasing action. Therefore, immediately after being put into the input water surface PWF, the input lightweight object d2 is affected by the bubbles and the above-described overflow effect, and can float around the input water surface PWF and go to the overflow section 8. .

  Next, the operation and effect of the buoyancy sorting apparatus 1 according to this embodiment will be described.

  The buoyancy sorting apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment is disposed in the cleaning pool 2 and is disposed in the cleaning pool 2 by supplying the water and generating the water flow by supplying water. An air supply unit 6 that imparts buoyancy to the object D, and an overflow part 8 that is arranged on the downstream side of the water flow WS at the upper edge of the cleaning pool 2 and overflows the lightweight object d2 from the cleaning pool 2 with water. It is equipped with. Therefore, the input D thrown into the water is subjected to the action of lifting pressure by the water flow WS by the water flow generation unit 4 and the air by the air supply unit 6. A drop speed difference and a pressure receiving area difference occur in water between the light weight d2 and the gravel d1. As a result, the light weight d2 having a low specific gravity is caused to flow to the overflow portion 8 by the water stream WS, and to flow outside the wash pool 2 through the overflow portion 8. On the other hand, the gravel portion d1 having a heavy specific gravity falls in the water and is transported to the transport unit 7 to be transported out of the cleaning pool 2. Further, the charging unit 3 includes a sliding plate 18 that moves the charging material D obliquely downward, and a vibration mechanism 17 that imparts vibration to the charging material D on the sliding plate 18 so as to form a cloth in the cleaning pool 2. The input D can be input to the cleaning pool 2. With such a configuration, on the sliding plate 18, the lightweight material d2 is moved to the upper layer side and the gravel portion d1 is moved to the lower layer side, and the input material D is spread almost uniformly and thinly along the width direction D2, The input D can be input so as to form a cloth in the cleaning pool 2. As a result, the lightweight object d2 can easily receive the effect of air buoyancy assistance, and can be quickly moved to the overflow section 8 by the water flow WS. By the above, the light weight d2 can be reliably selected from the gravel d1.

  In addition, as a buoyancy sorting device according to a comparative example, an input material is dropped by injecting the input material into the water from the input unit, and jetting jet bubbles from the side to the input material that is dropping in the water. Consider a configuration in which a lightweight object is separated from the layer, and the lightweight object is raised to the water surface by the action of air bubbles and overflowed in the overflow section. As described above, the buoyancy sorting device according to the comparative example that raises the lightweight object once dropped into the water to the surface of the water by the air bubbles is obtained when the amount of the lightweight object increases or the shape / size of the lightweight object becomes indefinite. In such a case, there is a problem that a lightweight object cannot be floated and cannot be sorted well. On the other hand, according to the structure which concerns on this embodiment, while the bubble from the air supply part 6 is supplied to the input water surface PWF, the water flow WS to a horizontal direction can also be made to act. Therefore, since the input D can be immediately affected by the buoyancy assistance and the water flow WS after being input to the input water surface PWF, the light object d2 can flow to the overflow section 8 before sinking into the water or sink. Even if it is floating at a position close to the input water surface PWF (a state where the momentum of subsidence is weak), it can flow to the overflow section 8 by receiving an action of buoyancy assistance.

  In the buoyancy sorting apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, the height of the overflow section 8 is configured to be adjustable. As a result, the height of the overflow section 8 is set to an appropriate condition according to the contents of the lightweight article d2 and gravel content d1 in the input D, and the lightweight article d2 is allowed to overflow at the overflow section 8. it can.

  In the buoyancy sorting apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, the cleaning pool 2 includes a water flow portion 2A in which a water flow is formed by the water flow generation unit 4, and a floating material collection unit 2B that collects floating material floating on the water surface WF of the cleaning pool 2. And. As a result, while the water flow portion 2A sorts the gravel portion d1 and the lightweight material d2, the floating matter that cannot be completely sorted out by the water flow portion 2A and floats on the water surface WF of the cleaning pool 2, It can be recovered by the suspended matter recovery unit 2B.

  In the buoyancy sorting apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, the speed of the water flow WS by the water flow generation unit 4 can be adjusted. Thereby, the speed of the water stream WS can be set to an appropriate condition in accordance with the contents of the lightweight material d2 and gravel content d1 in the input D.

  In the buoyancy sorting apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, the air pressure by the air supply unit 6 can be adjusted. Thereby, the pressure of air can be set to an appropriate condition according to the contents of the lightweight material d2 and gravel content d1 in the input D.

  The sorting method according to the present embodiment is a sorting method for sorting gravel content d1 and light material d2 using the above-described buoyancy sorting device 1, and according to the specific gravity of the light material d2 to be separated and recovered, The height of the unit 8, the speed of the water flow WS by the water flow generation unit 4, the pressure of the air by the air supply unit 6, and the interval between the input unit 3 and the overflow unit 8 are adjusted. According to the sorting method according to the present embodiment, it is possible to reliably sort the light material d2 from the gravel by setting appropriate conditions according to the contents of the light material d2 and the gravel content d1 in the input D. .

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment.

  For example, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the water flow part 2A has an opening 42 below the water surface WF, and includes a separation / recovery part 40 for recovering the lightweight material d2 separated from the gravel d1. You may be prepared. Specifically, the separation / recovery unit 40 is configured by providing a recovery chamber 41 at a midway position in the vertical direction D3 of the wall 12 below the overflow portion 8. The collection chamber 41 is provided outside the wall portion 12 and has an opening 42 at the position of the wall portion 12. On the lower end side of the opening 42, a partition member 47 (a member that is hatched in FIGS. 3B, 4A, and 4B) is provided. The upper end of the recovery chamber 41 is provided with a mechanism for flowing the water that has overflowed the overflow portion 8 and the buoyancy-retaining lightweight material d2B to the outside. In FIG. 4A, the solid line arrow indicates the flow of the buoyancy-retaining lightweight object d2B, the broken line arrow indicates the flow of makeup water and overflow water, and the alternate long and short dash line indicates the flow of the buoyancy loss lightweight object d2A. The two-dot chain arrow indicates the flow of gravel d1. With the configuration as described above, the buoyancy-retaining lightweight material d2B that floats in the vicinity of the water surface WF by retaining buoyancy in the input D is recovered by overflowing the overflow section 8. The buoyancy-retained lightweight material d2B overflows the overflow part 8, then flows along the upper surface of the recovery chamber 41 together with the overflow water to one side in the width direction D2, and is recovered by the external recovery part (FIG. 4B). reference). On the other hand, the buoyancy-loss lightweight material d2A that sinks in the water before heading to the overflow section 8 by losing buoyancy is separated from the gravel portion d1 due to the influence of the water flow and the bubbly flow, and is separated to the separation and recovery unit 40 side in the water. Washed away. As a result, the buoyancy loss lightweight material d2A enters the collection chamber 41 from the opening 42. As a result, the buoyancy-loss lightweight material d2A that could not be collected by the overflow section 8 can be collected by the separation and collection section 40. The buoyancy-loss lightweight material d2A collected in the collection chamber 41 is stored in the bottom of the collection chamber 41 in water. This buoyancy loss lightweight object d2A is collected by a mechanical recovery unit provided separately. Although a mechanical collection part is not specifically limited, For example, you may be comprised by the conveying apparatus 60 provided with the basket 61 as shown in FIG.4 (b). In FIG. 4B, the transport device 60 is provided in the width direction D2 and on the opposite side of the direction in which the buoyancy-retaining lightweight object d2B flows, but the position may be changed as appropriate. The gravel d1 sinks without being affected by the water flow and the bubble flow, and is transported by the transport unit 7 in water. In addition, a slit may be provided in the partition member 47 so as to line up along the width direction D2, and a rod-like member may be provided so as to divide the opening 42 into sections lined up along the width direction D2.

  Further, in the buoyancy sorting apparatus shown in FIG. 3, at least one of the position and height of the opening 42 of the separation and recovery unit 40 may be adjustable. Thereby, according to the content of the lightweight material d2 in the input D, and the gravel content d1, the structure of the isolation | separation collection part 40 can be set to an appropriate condition, and the lightweight material d2 can be collect | recovered. Specifically, as the position of the opening 42, for example, the dimension L3 in the vertical direction between the overflow section 8 and the upper end of the separation and recovery section 40 is set to about 10 to 50 mm. The position of the opening 42 can be adjusted by providing a mechanism for moving the entire collection chamber 41. In addition, you may set the width direction dimension L5 of the separation collection part 40 to the same as the dimension of the width direction of 2 A of water flow parts. The height L4 of the opening 42 is set to about 200 to 500 mm. The height L4 of the opening 42 can be adjusted, for example, by expanding / contracting the partition member 47 or changing one having a different length, and can be adjusted by closing the upper end of the opening 42 with a plate member or the like.

  Further, the shape of the buoyancy sorting device, the arrangement of each component, and the like are not limited to those shown in the drawings, and can be appropriately changed without departing from the gist of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Buoyancy sorter, 2 ... Washing pool, 2A ... Water flow part, 2B ... Floating substance collection part, 3 ... Input part, 4 ... Water flow generation part, 6 ... Air supply part, 7 ... Conveyance part, 8 ... Overflow part , 40 ... separation / recovery part, 42 ... opening.

Claims (8)

A buoyancy sorting device that sorts and removes gravel and light weight by the difference in specific gravity of inputs,
A wash pool in which water is stored;
A sliding plate that moves the input material obliquely downward, and a vibration mechanism that applies vibration to the input material on the sliding plate, and an input unit that inputs the input material into the cleaning pool;
A water flow generating unit that is arranged in the washing pool and generates a water flow by supplying water;
An air supply unit arranged in the cleaning pool and providing buoyancy to the input by supplying air;
A transport unit that is disposed in the cleaning pool and transports the gravel to the outside of the cleaning pool;
An upper edge of the washing pool, which is disposed on the downstream side of the water flow, and overflows the lightweight object together with water from the washing pool, and
A continuous input water surface without a partition wall is formed between the input part and the overflow part, and bubbles from the air supply part are supplied to the input water surface, and the water flow generation part A buoyancy sorter characterized in that the water flow from   The buoyancy sorting device according to claim 1, wherein a height of the overflow section is adjustable. The washing pool is
A water flow portion in which a water flow is formed by the water flow generating portion;
The buoyancy sorting apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a suspended matter collection unit that collects suspended matter floating on the water surface of the cleaning pool. The washing pool includes a water flow portion in which a water flow is formed by the water flow generation unit,
The water flow part has an opening under the water surface, and includes a separation and recovery part for recovering the lightweight material separated from the gravel,
The separation and recovery part is provided below the overflow part,
The buoyancy sorting device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a partition member in which a slit is formed is provided on a lower end side of the opening.   The buoyancy sorting apparatus according to claim 4, wherein at least one of a position and a height of the opening of the separation and recovery unit can be adjusted.   The buoyancy sorting device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a speed of the water flow by the water flow generation unit is adjustable.   The buoyancy sorting device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the pressure of the air by the air supply unit is adjustable. A sorting method for sorting the gravel and the light weight using the buoyancy sorting device according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
The step of moving the lightweight material to the upper layer side and moving the gravel to the lower layer side by the charging unit while charging the charged material into the cleaning pool,
Generating a water flow from the input unit to the overflow unit on the input water surface by the water flow generation unit, and supplying air to the input water surface by the air supply unit;
In the state where air bubbles from the air supply unit are supplied to the input water surface and the water flow from the water flow generation unit is applied, the light overflows with the water from the washing pool by the overflow unit, Selecting the gravel and the light weight;
Prior to the step of charging the input, according to the specific gravity of the lightweight material to be separated and recovered, the height of the overflow section, the speed of the water flow by the water flow generation section, the air flow by the air supply section And a step of adjusting at least one of a pressure and a distance between the charging section and the overflow section.

Images