JP2023114286A - Dry separation method and dry separation device - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a dry separation method which enables continuous separation of separation objects, achieves low costs, and is eco-friendly, and to provide a dry separation device.SOLUTION: In a dry separation method of the invention, a solid gas flow layer where a powder is fluidized is utilized to separate a separation object in a separation tank or the separation object itself is fluidized to separate the separation object. In the dry separation method, the separation object is separated in a container which may move in the separation tank.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a dry separation method and a dry separation apparatus.

Industrial products made of various materials, mineral resources, industrial wastes, etc. contain various different components. Such separation of each component is necessary for refining mineral resources, recycling resources, and the like.

Up to now, mainly wet separation methods and dry separation methods are known as separation methods.

For example, as a dry separation method, a fluidized bed is formed by blowing gas into a powder that serves as a fluidization medium, and coal particles are injected into the solid-air fluidized bed to levitate the coal particles with a density lower than the apparent density of the fluidized bed. A dry coal separation method is known in which coal particles having a high density are sedimented and separated (Patent Document 1).

JP 2000-61398

However, the above dry separation method has problems such as high equipment cost and low efficiency. In addition, the wet separation method has problems such as the problem of environmental pollution due to waste liquid treatment, the inability to use in areas with scarce water resources, and the need for a drying process after waste liquid treatment and separation.

In addition, in a method for continuously separating objects to be separated using a fluidized bed, if there is a movable part in the fluidized bed, there is a possibility that the object to be separated such as metal may get caught. Furthermore, in the conventional continuous separation method of the object to be separated, if the collection rate is increased, the fluidized bed will be disturbed, resulting in a significant drop in the collection accuracy of the separation. Therefore, when trying to improve the accuracy of separation to some extent, there is no choice but to rely on the so-called batch method, and it has been difficult to continuously separate the object to be separated while maintaining high accuracy.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a dry separation method and a dry separation apparatus that are capable of continuously separating objects to be separated, are low in cost, and are friendly to the environment.

The inventors have made intensive studies on a mechanism capable of continuous recovery while maintaining behavior in a fluidized bed, and as a result, have found the dry separation method and dry separation apparatus of the present invention.

That is, in the dry separation method of the present invention, the object to be separated is separated by using a solid-gas fluidized bed in which the powder is fluidized in the separation tank, or the object to be separated is fluidized and the separation is performed. A dry separation method for separating an object, characterized in that the object to be separated is separated in a container that can move in the separation tank.

A preferred embodiment of the dry separation method of the present invention is characterized in that the separated sediment is collected using the vessel.

In a preferred embodiment of the dry separation method of the present invention, the separated floating matter is recovered by floating matter recovery means capable of moving in a direction opposite to the moving direction of the container.

A preferred embodiment of the dry separation method of the present invention is characterized in that the fluidization is performed by a gas introduced through a gas distribution plate made of a porous material.

Further, in a preferred embodiment of the dry separation method of the present invention, the bottom of the container is configured with a surface having holes larger than the size of the powder.

In a preferred embodiment of the dry separation method of the present invention, the object to be separated includes automobile shredder dust, home appliance shredder dust, and other industrial wastes, general wastes, disaster wastes, construction waste materials, ores, It is characterized by being coal or rare earth.

In addition, the dry separation apparatus of the present invention includes a separation target charging means for charging a separation target, a fluidized bed formed of powder or the separation target itself, and a container capable of moving in the fluidized bed. , a first recovery means for recovering the floated matter obtained by separating the object to be separated by the fluidized bed and a second collecting means for recovering sedimented matter by separating the object to be separated by the fluidized bed and settling down; and wherein the second collecting means is the container.

A preferred embodiment of the dry separation apparatus of the present invention is characterized by further comprising an air chamber.

Also, in a preferred embodiment of the dry separation apparatus of the present invention, the container has a split structure.

In a preferred embodiment of the dry separation apparatus of the present invention, it is characterized by further comprising vibrating means for vibrating the object to be separated.

Further, in a preferred embodiment of the dry separation apparatus of the present invention, the bottom of the container is configured with a surface having holes larger than the size of the powder.

Moreover, in a preferred embodiment of the dry separation apparatus of the present invention, the second recovery means recovers the sediment after the vessel has exited the fluidized bed.

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the apparatus cost is low, the efficiency is high, there is no need for waste liquid treatment and a drying process after separation, and there is little impact on the environment. Further, according to the present invention, since it is a so-called dry separation, it can be used even in places where water resources are scarce. Moreover, according to the present invention, there is an advantageous effect that objects to be separated can be separated with high accuracy and continuously.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of one embodiment of an apparatus for separating objects to be separated according to the present invention. FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of a portion (A in FIG. 1) for conveying floats in the apparatus of FIG. Figure 3 shows a perspective view of a container (B in Figure 1) in the apparatus of Figure 1; Figure 4 shows a perspective view of a container (C in Figure 1) in the apparatus of Figure 1; FIG. 5 shows a side view of the device of FIG. You can see how the container (basket) opens and the sediment falls and is discharged. FIG. 6 shows an enlarged view (perspective view) of the container (basket).

The principle of separation according to the present invention is explained below. That is, the powder is fluidized, and the object to be separated is mainly separated by using a powder fluidization medium similar to liquid-based specific gravity separation, in other words, a solid-gas fluidized bed (hereinafter also simply referred to as a fluidized bed). The object to be separated is separated depending on the density, or by introducing a gas into the fluidized bed without using powder, the object to be separated causes density segregation. It tries to separate things. In addition to this, in the present invention, it is also one of the features that the object to be separated is separated by using a container that can be moved inside the separation tank and further inside the fluidized bed. By moving the container in the separation tank and further in the fluidized bed in this way, it is possible to quickly recover the object to be separated while maintaining the segregation accuracy of the fluidized bed. That is, it is possible to continuously and rapidly separate objects to be separated while maintaining the so-called batch-type segregation accuracy.

First, the concept of separation by solid-gas fluidized bed will be explained below. When the powder is made to float and fluidize by sending gas, the fluidized bed of the powder behaves like a liquid. Therefore, the apparent density ρfb of the fluidized bed is expressed by the following formula.

ρfb = Wp /Vf = (1-εf) ρp
where Wp is the powder weight of the fluidizing medium, Vf is the fluidized volume, .epsilon.f is the porosity when fluidized, and .rho.p is the powder density of the fluidizing medium.

When an object to be separated with a density ρs is mixed in a fluidized bed having such an apparent density ρfb, the component of the object to be separated with ρs < ρfb floats above the fluidized bed, and the component of the object to be separated with ρs > ρfb is Sediment at the bottom of the fluidized bed. Then, the component to be separated with ρs = ρfb floats in the middle part of the fluidized bed. This fact is used to carry out specific gravity sorting of objects to be separated.

Further, the principle of separation according to the present invention when so-called powder is not used will be explained as follows. That is, the object to be separated is fluidized and/or circulated in the fluidized bed, and the object to be separated is separated by utilizing the difference in specific gravity and/or the difference in size of the object to be separated. That is, for a granular mixture that is susceptible to the fluidization medium used in the solid-gas fluidized bed, the separation object itself is fluidized without using the solid-gas fluidized bed, and the segregation and scattering phenomena are used. It is intended to separate the object to be separated.

The present inventors have made intensive studies on how to achieve the large-volume processing of large-capacity separation objects. The present invention has been completed. According to this, it is possible to freely adjust the wind speed as in batch processing, and as a result, it is also possible to optimize the separation of the separation target.

That is, the inventors of the present invention initially paid attention to the movement of the powder itself, taking the solid-gas fluidized bed as an example. According to this, the powder supplied to the device moves by itself toward the discharge end due to force such as vibration. separated.

However, the problem with this device is that the powder itself must move. The density segregation phenomenon of fine powder is extremely delicate. It is quite likely that the formation of density segregation is inhibited by movement of the powder itself. Therefore, in order to prevent the formation of density segregation from being hindered as much as possible, it is conceivable to slow down the moving speed, but slowing it down directly leads to a reduction in the throughput of the apparatus. Therefore, even if it were possible to move without disturbing the formation of density segregation, this apparatus would not be suitable for large-capacity processing.

Therefore, the present inventors have focused on the fact that a batch continuous apparatus is ideally desirable as a continuous apparatus, and the object to be separated is separated in a container that can move in the separation tank, and thus in the fluidized bed. and completed the present invention. That is, in the dry separation method of the present invention, the object to be separated is separated by using a solid-gas fluidized bed in which the powder is fluidized in the separation tank, or the object to be separated is fluidized and the separation is performed. A dry separation method for separating an object, characterized in that the object to be separated is separated in a container that can move in the separation tank. The separation tank is not particularly limited as long as it can accommodate powder and form a solid-gas fluidized bed. This is because, in the present invention, by using a container, it is possible to maintain both the advantages of the batch type and the continuous type. That is, in the present invention, by using a container, the separation accuracy is good, and it is possible to omit moving parts in the fluidized bed, and it is possible to avoid troubles caused by metals getting caught. Stable operation can be realized. Moreover, when a container capable of moving in the fluidized bed is used, the container is not particularly limited as long as it does not affect the fluidized bed. For example, the container may be cage-shaped or enclosure-shaped, and examples thereof include cages and baskets. The container can also have an opening means. By having the opening means, it becomes easy to discharge the sediment such as the object to be separated in the container. As will be described later, from the viewpoint of further preventing mixture of floating matter and sediment, a container having a structure in which no barrier is present at a location where floating matter gathers in the movement direction of the container is preferable. Moreover, from the viewpoint of not disturbing the fluidized bed, a container having a structure free from barriers in the moving direction of the container is preferable.

A preferred embodiment of the dry separation method of the present invention is characterized in that the separated sediment is collected using the vessel. In a preferred embodiment of the dry separation method of the present invention, the separated floating matter is recovered by floating matter recovery means capable of moving in a direction opposite to the moving direction of the container.

For example, an embodiment in the case of a solid-gas fluidized bed using powder will be described as an example. Raw materials can be introduced on top of the fluidized bed. Of the raw materials, materials lighter than the apparent specific gravity of the fluidized bed (floating materials or floating materials) do not sink after being thrown. Taking a non-ferrous metal as an example of an object to be separated that is heavier than the apparent specific gravity (sediment or sediment) and has a large difference in specific gravity from the apparent specific gravity, for example, when the apparent specific gravity of the fluidized bed is about 4.0, Non-ferrous metals are above 7.0 and can be readily sedimented. If the apparent specific gravity is higher than the fluidized bed but the difference in specific gravity is small, the sedimentation speed will be slow and it will drift in the middle of the fluidized bed, but it will settle over time and eventually become a sediment. Although it depends on the collecting means, the floating material can be moved and collected by a conveying means such as a scraper within a range of, for example, about 50 to 70 mm from the surface of the fluidized bed.

There is also a risk that the floated matter that has come off the scraper will move to the sediment collection side together with the fluidized bed due to the movement of the container that is movable in the direction opposite to the moving direction of the scraper. In this case, in order to prevent floating objects from moving in the sediment collection direction, a barrier for preventing movement of floating objects can be installed. As a result, it is possible to further prevent mixing of the floating matter and the sediment. That is, by installing the barrier (weir), the floated material does not move to the sediment collection side of the barrier, and thus only the sediment can be collected. Conversely, when the sediment is mixed in the floated matter, the separation can be repeated again. Alternatively, mixing can be prevented by securing a sufficient time for sediment to settle by slowing down the moving speed of the device or container.

Further, in a preferred embodiment of the dry separation method of the present invention, the bottom of the container is configured with a surface having holes larger than the size of the powder. According to such an aspect, the powder constituting the solid-gas fluidized bed can pass through the bottom of the container, and when the container goes out of the fluidized bed, the powder can flow out of the container. It is possible to eject. Therefore, only the sediment remains in the container after the powder has been removed, and it is possible to collect only the sediment. The bottom is not particularly limited as long as it allows the powder to pass through but does not allow the separation target to pass through. The bottom part functions as a so-called sieve, and the mesh size and pore size of the sieve part can be appropriately selected and designed depending on the object to be separated and the powder to be used.

A preferred embodiment of the dry separation method of the present invention is characterized in that the fluidization is performed by a gas introduced through a gas distribution plate made of a porous material. Preferably, the porous material is a combination of a punched plate and a cloth woven with natural or chemical fibers.

In a preferred embodiment of the dry separation method of the present invention, the separation is performed by blowing air from below the fluidized bed. This is because more components can be separated. However, it is not intended to be limited to blowing air from below. For example, components with relatively low specific gravity can be separated even by blowing side air. When a component with a clearly low specific gravity exists, it can be separated with high efficiency even in crosswinds because of its large scattering distance. Therefore, after removing components with low specific gravities by air classification using cross wind as a pretreatment for solid-gas fluidized bed sorting, the remaining components of the object to be separated may be removed.

Even when a component with a low specific gravity exists as an impurity in addition to the target component in the object to be separated, the impurity can be removed by the same procedure.

In the present invention, air can be blown under the condition that the ventilation rate is 15.0 (cm ³ /s)/cm ² or less. This is because the floating and sinking can be stabilized by controlling the ventilation speed. Although it is not particularly limited depending on the object to be separated, the aeration rate is 15.0 (cm ³ /s)/cm ² or less, preferably 10.0 (cm ³ /s)/cm ² or less, more preferably 5.0 (cm ³ /s)/cm ² or less.

In the present invention, where u0 is the superficial velocity and umf is the minimum fluidization superficial velocity of the powder, u0/umf is one of the factors controlling the separation. This is because by adjusting the superficial velocity, for example, components with two very close density differences can be easily removed. , can be separated in a short time.

In a preferred embodiment of the dry separation method of the present invention, the fluidized bed is a solid-gas fluidized bed in which powder is fluidized.

In a preferred embodiment of the dry separation method of the present invention, the object to be separated includes automobile shredder dust, home appliance shredder dust, and other industrial wastes, general wastes, disaster wastes, construction waste materials, ores, It is characterized by being coal or rare earth. In the present invention, the object to be separated may be dried and separated after washing. When separating for recycling, after drying, it is preferable to crush the separation object with a shredder or the like and use it for separation because of the size of the apparatus. In the present invention, the separation tank includes the solid-gas fluidized bed in both the aspect in which the solid-gas fluidized bed is formed using a powder medium and the aspect in which the object to be separated itself forms the fluidized bed. The shape and the like are not particularly limited as long as a layer or the fluidized bed can be formed.

In a preferred embodiment of the dry separation method of the present invention, the separation object may be separated while being vibrated. In the present invention, the vibration direction of the vibrating portion is not particularly limited. In a preferred embodiment, the vibration frequency of the vibrating part is preferably 1 Hz or more and 60 Hz or less, more preferably 3 Hz or more and 30 Hz or less, from the viewpoint of reliably and quickly taking out floating matter and sediment from the separation tank. It is characterized by being a value of

Next, the dry separation apparatus of the present invention will be described. That is, the dry separation apparatus of the present invention includes a separation target charging means for charging a separation target, a fluidized bed formed of powder or the separation target itself, and a container capable of moving in the fluidized bed. , a first recovery means for recovering the floated matter obtained by separating the object to be separated by the fluidized bed and a second collecting means for recovering sedimented matter by separating the object to be separated by the fluidized bed and settling down; and wherein the second collecting means is the container. As for the separation tank, fluidized bed, vessel, vibrating means, etc., the description of the dry separation method of the present invention can be referred to. The separation target object input means is not particularly limited as long as it can input the separation target object. In some cases, the object to be separated may be introduced via a stirring means such as a stirrer in order to stir the object. Also, the first recovery means for recovering the floating object is not particularly limited as long as the floating object can be recovered. Also, the second recovery means for recovering the sediment is not particularly limited as long as the sediment can be recovered.

A preferred embodiment of the dry separation apparatus of the present invention is characterized by further comprising an air chamber. In a preferred embodiment, from the viewpoint of controlling the ventilation rate, the air chamber is composed of one or a plurality of air chambers. By providing the air chamber corresponding to the fluidized bed, it is possible to finely adjust the wind speed, and it is possible to optimize the high-precision and rapid separation of the object to be separated.

A preferred embodiment of the dry separation apparatus of the present invention is characterized by further comprising an air duct. If the blower pipe is provided for each of the air chambers, it becomes possible to more finely adjust the wind speed. For example, it is possible to further provide an air volume control valve.

In the case of a solid-gas fluidized bed using powder, the powder may be fed by one or more powder feeding means for feeding one or more powders. A solid-gas fluidized bed may be formed by the powder thus obtained.

Moreover, in a preferred embodiment of the dry separation apparatus of the present invention, the recovering directions for recovering the separation target material of the first and/or second recovering means are different from each other. In addition, when the transportation means is used, the floating object transportation means and the sediment transportation means may move in different directions. The direction of movement of the float and the sediment may be reversed. By reversing the direction of movement of floating matter and sedimented matter, it is possible to further prevent them from being mixed, and by differentiating the direction of recovery or transportation, the unevenness of the particle size media by the ejector can be reduced. It is possible to make it smaller.

Also, in a preferred embodiment of the dry separation apparatus of the present invention, the container has a split structure. For the container and the like, the description of the dry separation method of the present invention can be referred to. Here, the case where the container is also used as sediment collecting means will be described as follows. The container (sediment collection basket) has a split structure and is gutter-shaped when horizontal, but can be opened at the bottom when bent. Floating and sinking separation is carried out in a cage, and both the separated float and sediment can be prevented from coming out of the cage. The floating object can be scraped to the left side (left side in FIG. 1) by a floating object conveying means such as a scraper and collected by a bucket. The sediment collection basket can be moved in the opposite direction to the scraper or other means for transporting floating objects. can be discharged to

In the present invention, since there is no mechanical device having a sliding portion in the fluidized bed, there is no wear due to powder or the like. In addition, since objects to be separated, such as metal products, do not come into contact with machines having sliding parts, troubles such as being caught can be prevented.

In a preferred embodiment of the dry separation apparatus of the present invention, it is characterized by further comprising vibrating means for vibrating the object to be separated.

Moreover, in a preferred embodiment of the dry separation apparatus of the present invention, the second recovery means recovers the sediment after the vessel has exited the fluidized bed.

In addition, in the present invention, the gas permeability, superficial velocity, etc. for forming the solid-gas fluidized bed etc. can be referred to the description in the dry separation method of the present invention described above, or by a conventional method. It is not particularly limited.

In addition, in the present invention, the type of powder can also be appropriately set according to the type of separation object to be separated, and is not particularly limited. , polystyrene particles, sand, steel shot, silica sand, alumina sand, and at least one selected from the group consisting of powders having similar densities, or a mixture of a plurality of the powders can do.

In addition, in the present invention, the average particle size of the powder to be used is not particularly limited. From this point of view, it can be 50 to 700 μm, preferably 30 to 500 μm.

Next, one embodiment of the dry separation apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of one embodiment of an apparatus for separating objects to be separated according to the present invention. In FIG. 1, 1 is a container (sediment collection basket), 2 is the moving direction of the container, 3 is the moving direction of the floating object conveying means (scraper), 4 is the fluidized bed, 5 is the air chamber, and 6 is the floating object collecting means. , 7 is a floating object discharge conveyor, 8 is a floating object conveying means, 9 is a sediment conveying machine, 10 is an example of a dry separation device, 11 is a raw material (input of the object to be separated), 12 is a floating object, and 13 is a sediment. , 14 denotes the upper surface of the fluidized bed, 15 denotes the upper portion of the air chamber, and 16 denotes the sediment discharge conveyor. In this embodiment, the vessel 1 is movable in the direction of the arrow 2, can enter the fluidized bed 4, and can exit the fluidized bed 4 after separating the objects to be separated. . Although not shown, it is possible to blow air from each air chamber 5 and eventually to the fluidized bed 4 from the air blow main pipe, and different air volumes can be blown from one or more air chambers. The fluidized bed may of course be fluidized using powder, or the segregation phenomenon of the separation object itself may be utilized without using powder. In addition, in this aspect, the floating object conveying means is used, but the conveying means may or may not be provided.

To give an example of the separation procedure, when a solid-gas fluidized bed is used, a fluidizing medium (powder) such as glass beads, unibeads, zircon sand, polystyrene particles, etc. is charged in the fluidized bed, and the fluidized bed 4 A fluidized bed can be formed by feeding gas uniformly into the fluidized bed 4 from the lower surface through the gas distribution plate to fluidize the powder. If no powder is used, no powder need be introduced.

After that, when the object to be separated is introduced from the upper opening of the fluidized bed 4, the component of the object to be separated having a high density settles (introduction of the object to be separated 11). Due to the difference in density, the introduced separation target is separated efficiently, accurately, and quickly while sometimes moving together with the fluidized bed 4 .

FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of a portion (A in FIG. 1) for conveying floats in the apparatus of FIG. In FIG. 2, 1 is a container (sediment collection basket), 2 is the moving direction of the container, 3 is the moving direction of the floating object conveying means (scraper), 4 is the fluidized bed, 5 is the air chamber, 12 is the floating object, 13 indicate sediments, respectively. A container (sediment collection basket) 1 moves in the direction of an arrow 2 to separate objects to be separated. In this embodiment there is also a flotation carrier 3, designed to move in a direction opposite to the direction of movement of the container. When the floating object conveying means 3 is used, it is possible to facilitate recovery of the floating object by the floating object recovery means 6 . In addition, it is possible to reduce the deviation of the particle size media by the ejector.

Figure 3 shows a perspective view of a container (B in Figure 1) in the apparatus of Figure 1; In FIG. 3, 1 is a container (sediment collection basket), 4 is a fluidized bed, 5 is an air chamber, and 13 is a sediment. 4 also shows a perspective view of a container (C in FIG. 1) in the apparatus of FIG. In FIG. 4, 1 is a container (sediment collection basket), 5 is an air chamber, 13 is a sediment, 20 is how the container (basket) opens, and 21 is the traveling direction of the container (basket). Among the objects to be separated in the fluidized bed 4, sediments move in the same direction as the moving direction of the container. After floating matter is removed from the fluidized bed 4 by collecting means or the like, when the container 1 leaves the fluidized bed 4, only the sediment 20 remains in the container. In this embodiment, it can be seen that the inclined belt conveyor gradually pulls out the container 1 from the fluidized bed. By configuring the bottom of the container 1 with a surface having a hole larger than the size of the powder, in the case of a solid-gas fluidized bed using powder, the powder falls down from the hole according to its own weight. It has become. This ensures only sediment in the container. Since only the sediment exists in the vessel that has been taken out of the fluidized bed, the sediment can be recovered by opening the vessel at an appropriate time. In this embodiment, the container turns before it is transported vertically, so it is designed to open at the time of the turn, but it is not limited to this, as long as the container opens after going out of the fluidized bed. , any mode may be used.

FIG. 5 shows a side view of the device of FIG. In FIG. 5, 1 indicates a container (sediment collection basket) and 13 indicates a sediment. It can be seen that the container (basket) 1 is opened and the sediment 13 is dropped and discharged.

FIG. 6 shows an enlarged view (perspective view) of the container (basket). Reference numeral 1 denotes a container (sediment collection basket), and 40 denotes a bottom surface (punching metal) of the container. In this example, the container 1 is basket-shaped and can be moved in the fluidized bed by a belt conveyor. The one from is also good. In this way, it is possible to recover low-density separation objects that are gathered in the shallow part of the vessel in the fluidized bed, and collect high-density objects that are gathered in the deep part of the vessel in the fluidized bed. Density separation objects can be retrieved.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can widely contribute to the field of material separation for recycling, including automobile shredder dust.

1 container (sediment collection basket)
2 Movement direction of container 3 Movement direction of scraper 4 Fluidized bed
5 Air chamber 6 Floating object recovery means 7 Floating object discharging conveyor 8 Floating object conveyer 9 Sediment conveyer 10 Example of dry separation device 11 Raw material (insertion of object to be separated)
12 Floating object 13 Sediment 14 Upper surface of fluidized bed 15 Upper part of air chamber 16 Sediment discharging conveyor 20 Opening of container (basket) 21 Moving direction of container (basket)
30 Sediment being discharged 40 Bottom of container (punching metal)

Claims (12)

It is a dry separation method in which an object to be separated is separated using a solid-gas fluidized bed in which powder is fluidized in a separation tank, or the object to be separated is fluidized itself to separate the object to be separated. and separating the object to be separated in a container that can move in the separation tank. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the container is used to collect separated sediment. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the separated floating matter is recovered by floating matter recovery means capable of moving in a direction opposite to the moving direction of the container. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said fluidization is performed by gas introduced through a gas distribution plate made of porous material. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the bottom of the container is configured with a surface having holes larger than the size of the powder. 6. Any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the objects to be separated are automobile shredder dust, home appliance shredder dust, and other industrial waste, general waste, disaster waste, construction waste, ores, coal, or rare earths. The method according to item 1. A separation object introduction means for introducing a separation object, a fluidized bed formed of powder or the separation object itself, a container movable in the fluidized bed, and the separation object being transferred by the fluidized bed. A first recovery means for recovering the separated and floated floated matter, and a second recovery means for recovering the sediment that the separation target is separated and settled by the fluidized bed, wherein the second recovery means is the above-mentioned A dry separation device, characterized in that it is a container. 8. The device of claim 7, further comprising an air chamber. 9. Apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the container is of split construction. 10. The apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 9, further comprising vibrating means for vibrating the object to be separated. The device according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the bottom of the container is configured with a surface having holes larger than the size of the powder. 12. The apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 11, wherein the second collecting means collects the sediment after the container has left the fluidized bed.

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