JP7194412B2 - Dry separation apparatus and dry separation method - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a dry separation method and a dry separation apparatus for performing gravity separation of objects to be separated without using liquid.

Construction waste, industrial waste, disaster waste, etc. contain various different components. Such separation of each component is necessary not only for proper disposal of residues but also for recovery of rare metals, refinement of mineral resources, recycling of resources, and the like.

More specifically, in order to extract valuables from separated objects such as granular waste generated at manufacturing sites, or to remove construction waste residues that are illegally dumped and disaster waste residues that are generated in large quantities due to disasters. For the proper use of , a technique for separating an object to be separated such as a granular mixture based on the difference in density is required. Furthermore, in the use of resources, the separation technology is expected to be used to improve the quality of granular minerals such as rare metals, iron ore, copper ore, and coal.

Up to now, as a separation method, mainly a wet separation method and a dry separation method based on the floating and sinking phenomenon of an object in water are known. For example, there is known a recovery treatment method for obtaining two types of single-layer fine particle aggregates corresponding to each specific gravity with a high recovery rate and high purity by incorporating an impact crushing treatment process (Patent Document 1).

Wet specific gravity separation technology is widely used both in Japan and overseas. This technology requires waste liquid treatment and drying processes, is expensive to adjust the specific gravity of the liquid, deteriorates the working environment due to liquid leakage from the device, and is difficult to use in countries and regions where water resources are scarce. Dry gravity separation technology does not have this problem.

Some dry specific gravity separation techniques utilize the floating and sinking phenomenon of objects in a solid-gas fluidized bed. A solid-gas fluidized bed is a layer in which powder is fluidized by blowing air from below, for example, and physical properties such as density and viscosity are similar to those of a liquid. When an object is thrown into this layer, a relatively light object floats and a relatively heavy object sinks, which causes the object floating and sinking phenomenon, so that these objects can be separated vertically.

As an example of such a dry specific gravity separation method, a fluidized bed is formed by blowing gas onto the powder that will be the fluidization medium, and coal particles are introduced into the solid-gas fluidized bed to achieve a density lower than the apparent density of the fluidized bed. A dry coal separation method is known in which coal particles are floated and large density coal particles are sedimented and separated (Patent Document 2).

JP-A-7-156148 JP-A-2000-61398

However, all conventional dry separation techniques have problems such as high equipment cost and low efficiency. In addition, the wet separation method has problems such as the problem of environmental pollution due to waste liquid treatment, the inability to use in areas with scarce water resources, and the need for a drying process after waste liquid treatment and separation.

Moreover, in any separation method, in most cases, the substance to be separated contains impurities in addition to the target component. The impurities may include fine particles that are easily dispersed in the air. In addition, even if they are not scattered, for example, the medium forming the fluidized bed, for example, particulates of a size susceptible to movement, such as sand, will still be fluidized unless the conditions are set accurately. There is a possibility of being affected by the movement of the medium, and it tends not to be suitable for separation using a fluidized bed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an environment-friendly dry separation method capable of separating, at low cost, even objects to be separated that are susceptible to the influence of a fluidizing medium.

In the case of separation of objects to be separated having a small density difference, the inventors diligently studied the mechanism of discharging after separation using a solid-gas fluidized bed, and found the dry separation method and dry separation apparatus of the present invention. Arrived.

The dry separation apparatus of the present invention is a dry separation apparatus having a main body provided with a separation tank, an input section for inputting a separation target into the separation tank, and a discharge section for discharging the separated separation target from the separation tank. A separation apparatus comprising vibrating means for vibrating an object to be separated put into the separation tank, air blowing means provided at the bottom and/or middle part of the separation tank, and the object to be separated separated by the vibration. and moving means for moving the objects to the discharge section, and the separation tank has one or more vibrating partitions parallel to the direction in which the objects to be separated are desired to be moved, and the air blower is provided. The wind speed of the means is characterized in that it is high on the inlet side and low on the discharge side .

Further, in a preferred embodiment of the dry separation apparatus of the present invention, the moving means is a slope provided at the bottom of the separation tank.

Moreover, in a preferred embodiment of the dry separation apparatus of the present invention, the slope is a slope directed from the charging section to the discharging section.

In a preferred embodiment of the dry separation apparatus of the present invention, it is characterized by further comprising a gas distribution plate at the bottom and/or middle portion of the separation tank.

Further, the dry separation apparatus of the present invention is characterized in that the separation tank is at least one of a rectangular type, a cylindrical type, and a triangular prism type.

Further, in a preferred embodiment of the dry separation apparatus of the present invention, the moving means moves the separation target separated in the separation tank toward the discharge section.

Also, in a preferred embodiment of the dry separation apparatus of the present invention, the vibrating means implements vibration including at least one of vertical, horizontal, twisting and oblique directions.

In addition, the dry separation method of the present invention uses the dry separation apparatus of the present invention to separate the separation target input from the input portion using the solid-gas fluidized bed in which the powder is fluidized, or A dry separation method in which the object to be separated is fluidized to separate the object to be separated and the separated object to be separated is discharged to a discharge unit, and the object to be separated is vibrated to separate and separated. A dry separation method in which the object to be separated is discharged by a moving means for moving the object to be separated to the discharge part, wherein the fluidization is formed by blowing means provided at the bottom and / or intermediate part of the separation tank, and the object to be separated The object to be separated is separated in a separation tank having one or more vibrating partitions parallel to the direction in which the object is to be moved.

Moreover, in a preferred embodiment of the dry separation method of the present invention, the moving means is a slope provided at the bottom of the separation tank containing the solid-gas fluidized bed.

In a preferred embodiment of the dry separation method of the present invention, separation is performed by blowing air from the bottom.

Further, in a preferred embodiment of the dry separation method of the present invention, the wind speed of the blast at the input section is higher than the wind speed of the blast at the discharge section.

Further, according to the present invention, since it is a so-called dry separation, it can be used even in places where water resources are scarce. The present invention can also be used for appropriate treatment of various mixed wastes and separation and recovery of valuables containing rare metals. In addition, according to the present invention, compared to the conventional dry separation apparatus, even if the density ratio between the separation objects is less than 2.0 or the separation object has a particle size of 10 mm or less, it can be separated and removed from the apparatus. There is an advantageous effect of being able to reliably discharge.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a dry separation apparatus in a first embodiment of the invention. FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a dry separation apparatus in a second embodiment of the invention. FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a dry separation apparatus in a third embodiment of the invention. FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a dry separation apparatus in a fourth embodiment of the invention. (1) shows a schematic side view of the dry separation device, and (2) shows a schematic view of the dry separation device seen from the top of the separation tank. FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a dry separation apparatus in a fifth embodiment of the invention. FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a dry separation apparatus in a sixth embodiment of the invention. FIG. 7 shows experimental results of dry separation under different conditions in which air blowing and vibration are combined.

The dry separation apparatus of the present invention is a dry separation apparatus having a main body provided with a separation tank, an input section for inputting a separation target into the separation tank, and a discharge section for discharging the separated separation target from the separation tank. The separation apparatus is characterized by comprising: vibrating means for vibrating the separation target put into the separation tank; and moving means for moving the separation target separated by the vibration to the discharge section.

First, the principle of separation of the present invention will be described. The principle of separation is to put the object to be separated into a solid-gas fluidized bed and separate it by its density using a powder fluidization medium similar to the specific gravity separation of a liquid system, that is, the solid-gas fluidized bed (object floating and sinking is used), and the object to be separated is fluidized to separate the object to be separated (using density segregation). The former solid-gas fluidized bed intends to fluidize the powder and have properties similar to those of a liquid. First, the case of using the former powder fluidization medium will be described.

The apparent density ρ _fb of the fluidized bed is expressed by the following formula.
ρ _fb = W _p /V _f = (1−ε _f f) ρ _p
where _Wp is the particle weight of the fluidized medium, _Vf is the fluidized volume, _εf is the fluidized porosity, and _ρp is the particle density of the fluidized medium.

When objects with densities ρ _s are mixed in a fluidized bed having such an apparent density ρ _fb , the object components with ρ _s <ρ _fb float above the fluidized bed, and the object components with ρ _s >ρ _fb flow. Settle to the bottom of the layer. The object component with ρ _s =ρ _fb floats in the middle part of the fluidized bed. Taking advantage of this, at least two types of objects are sorted by specific gravity.

On the other hand, the case where the object to be separated is fluidized to separate the object to be separated (using density segregation) is as follows. This is intended to fluidize and separate the object to be separated as if it were powder, which is a medium forming a solid-gas fluidized bed. Techniques for fluidizing and/or circulating separation objects for separation have been known in the past, but the present invention particularly Even an object to be separated having a diameter of 10 mm or less can be separated and reliably discharged from the apparatus.

That is, in the conventional art, the objects to be separated were separated only by blowing air, but it was sometimes difficult to separate the objects to be separated only by blowing air. Even in such a case, the object to be separated can be separated and discharged out of the apparatus.

Based on such a separation principle, the separation object that can be separated in the present invention is not particularly limited. Examples of objects to be separated include various mineral resources, industrial products, and shredder dust. Specific examples include wastes, minerals, agricultural products, industrial products, metal powders, mineral powders, rubbers, plastics, glasses, and the like. Examples of various mineral resources include ores such as silica stone and pyrophyllite, raw coal mined in coal mines, etc. Examples of shredder dust include those derived from shredder dust from household waste, automobiles, home appliances, etc. be able to. The size of the object to be separated is not particularly limited, either. Since it is possible to separate separation objects such as mixtures, the present invention has a density ratio of less than 2.0 (small density difference) or a particle size of 10 mm or less. It is also particularly effective for the separation object that becomes

As described above, the object to be separated may be of any origin, but if the object to be separated is dirty, it is preferable to separate after washing. This is because, according to the separation method of the present invention, the components of the object to be separated are separated mainly by the difference in their specific gravities.

It is also necessary to dry and separate the object to be separated after washing. When separating for recycling, after drying, it is preferable to crush the separation object with a shredder or the like and use it for separation because of the size of the apparatus.

In the present invention, the separation tank includes the solid-gas fluidized bed in both the aspect in which the solid-gas fluidized bed is formed using a powder medium and the aspect in which the object to be separated itself forms the fluidized bed. The shape and the like are not particularly limited as long as a layer or the fluidized bed can be formed. Moreover, in the present invention, the separation tank can be at least one of rectangular, cylindrical, and triangular prismatic.

When the separation tank is rectangular, the input section for the separation target may be arranged above one horizontal end of the separation tank, and the discharge section may be arranged on the opposite side of the one horizontal end of the separation tank.

When the separation tank has a cylindrical or triangular prism shape, the input part for the separation target may be arranged at the center of the separation tank, and the discharge part may be arranged at the outer peripheral side surface of the separation tank.

Moreover, in the present invention, preferably, the inside of the separation tank has one or more partitions. Said one or more partitions are provided inside the dispersing tank, preferably parallel to the direction in which the objects to be separated are desired to move. Further, the partition is expected to promote a "wall effect" on the objects to be separated within the separation tank. The wall effect can be defined as an effect in which the wider the range in which the separation object contacts the wall, the more the vibration propagated to the separation object. In other words, if the entire fluidized bed or separation tank is vibrated without a partition that can obtain the effect of vibration in the part where vibration does not propagate, the part far from the side wall or the air distribution plate (gas distribution plate) on the bottom From the viewpoint that it is difficult to obtain the effect of vibration in a portion far (high) from the It is possible to enhance the effect of separation. It is more preferable to install a partition member in parallel with the direction of travel, and to make this member vibrate in synchronism with the vibration of the entire fluidized bed. In this way, in the present invention, it is possible to devise the effect of vibration on the inside of the fluidized bed by installing the member.

Further, the present invention can have an input section for inputting the separation target material into the separation tank, and a discharge section for discharging the separated separation target material from the separation tank. The input unit is also not particularly limited as long as the object to be separated can be input. In the present invention, the vibrating means for vibrating the object to be separated is not particularly limited as long as it can vibrate the object to be separated. For example, the vibration motor can vibrate the object to be separated by vibration including at least one of vertical (longitudinal), horizontal, twist, and oblique directions. If the object to be separated can be vibrated, the solid-gas fluidized bed or the fluidized bed formed by the object to be separated itself may be vibrated, or the separation tank may be vibrated. For example, the bed height of the fluidized bed formed by the solid-gas fluidized bed or the separation object itself is 120 mm, and the column inner diameter of the fluidized bed formed by the solid-gas fluidized bed or the separation object itself is 100 mm. When a separation tank is used, the vertical amplitude of vertical vibration is preferably 0.25 to 4.00 mm, more preferably 0.50 to 2.00 mm, from the viewpoint of actively performing separation based on the difference in specific gravity. can do.

In addition, the frequency of vibration is preferably 10 to 30 Hz, more preferably 15 to 25 Hz, from the viewpoint of actively performing separation based on the difference in specific gravity, which can be appropriately corrected depending on the type of object to be separated. be able to.

Also, the vibration intensity G can be defined as follows.
Vibration intensity G=Vibration acceleration (amplitude×angular velocity ² )/gravitational acceleration In the present invention, from the viewpoint of actively performing separation based on the specific gravity difference, the vibration intensity G is preferably 0.25 to 3.00, More preferably, it can be 0.5 to 1.5.

Further, in the present invention, it has moving means for moving the separation target separated by the vibration to the discharge section. In the present invention, the moving means may move the object to be separated separated in the separation tank toward the discharge section. Examples of the moving means include those based on the structure of the separation tank, those using air currents, and those using movable members installed in the separation tank. However, there is no particular limitation as long as it applies force to the separation target and moves it to the discharge section.

In the present invention, for example, the moving means preferably includes an inclination provided at the bottom of the separation tank from the viewpoint of rapidly moving the separated object to be separated to the discharge section. Further, the inclination is preferably directed from the input section toward the discharge section from the viewpoint of moving the separated object to be separated to the discharge section more efficiently. As a result, the object to be separated can be smoothly moved from a high inclined position to a low inclined position by its own weight. becomes possible.

Further, in the present invention, the moving means moves the separation target separated in the separation tank toward the discharge section. For example, by using a movable member installed in the separation tank, first, floated matter floated in the fluidized bed formed by the solid-gas fluidized bed or the object to be separated itself is discharged, and then the solid-gas fluidized bed or Sediment that settles in the fluidized bed formed by the separation object itself can be discharged.

More preferably, the dry separation apparatus of the present invention can have a gas distribution plate at the bottom and/or middle of the separation tank. For example, the gas distribution plate may be a woven fabric or nonwoven fabric derived from metal, natural fiber, synthetic fiber such as plastic, a porous metal plate, a porous ceramic plate, or a combination of these with a reinforcing material such as a metal plate, or a combination thereof. A combination of two or more. From the viewpoint of cost, the dispersion plate is preferably a combination of cloth and a reinforcing material such as a metal plate.

A gas distribution plate having high air permeability may be effective in generating a circulating flow that positively promotes the movement of the object to be separated. This is because when a gas distribution plate with high air permeability is used, air bubbles rise significantly in the center of the container, and as a result, the object to be separated rises in the center and falls in the vicinity of the wall surface. This is because such a circulation flow is more likely to be formed. Therefore, any gas distribution plate can be realized as long as it has a (physical) structure through which gas can easily pass. For example, a structure having a large number of spaces through which gas passes can be used.

In the present invention, the inclination of the gas distribution plate such as the bottom of the separation tank or the porous distribution plate is not particularly limited. The height of the container may be different in each part. By making the dispersion plate recessed or shaped like a mountain, it is possible to change the wind speed of the gas introduced at the center and the outer periphery of the container, thereby circulating the separation target and further segregating the separation target. It is possible to make it prominent.

A supplementary explanation of circulation is as follows. That is, unless otherwise specified, the term "circulation" or "circulation flow" as used herein means the circulation flow of the object to be separated, not the circulation flow of the gas itself. In other words, when gas is introduced from the lower part of the object to be separated, if it is easier for the gas to pass through the central part of the bottom of the container than in the vicinity of the wall surface, the rise of gas bubbles in the central part is remarkable. , a circulating flow is formed in which the object to be separated rises in the central portion due to the rise of the bubbles, and the object to be separated descends in the vicinity of the wall surface. On the other hand, if gas is easier to pass through near the wall surface, the rise of air bubbles in the near wall surface becomes more pronounced, and the material to be separated rises near the wall surface and falls in the center. A circulating flow is formed. Furthermore, when a separation object having a certain characteristic is used, a circulating flow that changes in an S shape in the height direction may also occur. In the present invention, it means a broad concept including such circulation.

In addition, when the ease of passage of gas is the same in the cross-sectional direction (at the center and near the wall), the gas becomes bubbles and rises uniformly in the cross-sectional direction, fluidizing the object to be separated. Such circulation flow is not formed. Separation based on the difference in specific gravity or size occurs even in the absence of the circulation flow, and the role of the circulation flow is to make the separation more pronounced.

Moreover, the dry separation apparatus of the present invention can have air blowing means provided at the bottom portion and/or the intermediate portion. In the present invention, regarding the air blowing of the air blowing means, u ₀ /u _mf is one factor for controlling the separation, where u 0 is the superficial velocity and u _mf is the minimum fluidization superficial velocity of the powder. In general, when the superficial velocity is set at the minimum fluidization superficial velocity or more and near the minimum fluidization superficial velocity, the density of the dust component present in the solid-gas fluidized bed or the fluidized bed formed by the separation object itself The distribution becomes narrower, and when the superficial velocity is further increased, the density distribution of the dust components in the solid-gas fluidized bed widens. In addition, the superficial velocity is the velocity of the air flow generated in the separation tank.

First, the case of using a solid-gas fluidized bed will be described below with an example. When a solid-gas fluidized bed is used (utilizing floating and sinking of an object), the value of u0/umf can be in the range of 1-4, for example. This is because within such a range, a stable solid-gas fluidized bed can be formed. However, the value of u0/umf is not limited to this range, and the value of u0/umf may be 4 or more when quickly separating components having a large density difference.

In addition, when using a solid-gas fluidized bed (using an object floating and sinking), when a single powder is fluidized, when separating components with a small density difference, depending on the powder used, The value of u0/umf should preferably be as close to 1 as possible. The value of u0/umf can be 1 to 1.5, preferably 1 to 1.2, more preferably 1 to 1.1.

In addition, when using a solid-gas fluidized bed (using the floating and sinking of an object), when multiple powders are fluidized, the u0 / umf value is such that the multiple powders are substantially uniformly mixed. It is preferable to do This is because, unless the solid-gas fluidized bed is substantially uniformly mixed, the apparent density decreases toward the top of the solid-gas fluidized bed and increases toward the bottom. This is because the distribution tends to be large.

When a solid-gas fluidized bed is used (using objects floating and sinking), the type of powder forming the solid-gas fluidized bed is not particularly limited depending on the type of object to be separated. It can be at least one selected from the group consisting of glass beads, zircon sand, polystyrene particles, and steel shots.

On the other hand, when a fluidized bed formed by the separation target itself is used (using density segregation), the value of u0/umf is, for example, a value in the range of 0.5 to 1.5, more preferably Values can range from 0.75 to 1.25. This is because within such a range, a stable fluidized bed formed by the separation target itself can be formed.

The average particle size of the powder used in the solid-gas fluidized bed and the separation object (in the case of powder) when using the fluidized bed formed by the separation object itself is not particularly limited, but the fluidization of the powder From the viewpoint of performing at a relatively small superficial velocity and suppressing powder aggregation due to adhesion, it is preferably 0.05 to 10.00 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 mm. be able to.

Further, in the present invention, for example, in an aspect in which the bottom portion is inclined, the air velocity of the air blown by the air blowing means is preferably large in the input portion side and the discharge portion side from the viewpoint of positively performing separation based on the difference in specific gravity. side can be smaller.

Next, an example of the dry separation method of the present invention will be described below. The dry separation method of the present invention separates an object to be separated using a solid-gas fluidized bed in which powder is fluidized, or separates the object to be separated by fluidizing the object to be separated. A dry separation method for discharging a separated object to be separated to a discharge unit, wherein the object to be separated is separated by vibrating and discharged by a moving means for moving the separated object to be separated to the discharge unit. and As for the powder, the solid-gas fluidized bed, the object to be separated, the charging section, and the discharging section, the description of the dry separation apparatus provided with the above separation tank can be referred to.

In the present invention, for example, the vibration motor can vibrate the separation object by vibration including at least one of vertical (longitudinal), horizontal, twist, and oblique directions. If the object to be separated can be vibrated, the solid-gas fluidized bed or the fluidized bed formed by the object to be separated itself may be vibrated, or the separation tank may be vibrated. For example, a cylindrical separation tank having a layer height of 120 mm for the solid-gas fluidized bed or the fluidized bed formed by the separation object itself, and a column inner diameter of 100 mm for the solid-gas fluidized bed or the fluidized bed formed by the separation object itself. is used, the vertical amplitude of vertical vibration is preferably 0.25 to 4.00 mm, more preferably 0.50 to 2.00 mm, from the viewpoint of actively performing separation based on the difference in specific gravity. be able to. In addition, when vibrating or the like, the configuration used in the dry separation apparatus of the present invention, including the partitions described above, can be applied to the dry separation method of the present invention.

Also, the frequency of vibration can be appropriately modified depending on the type of object to be separated, but from the viewpoint of actively performing separation based on the difference in specific gravity, it is preferably 10 to 30 Hz, more preferably 15 to 25 Hz. be able to.

In the present invention, for example, the moving means preferably includes an inclination provided at the bottom of the separation tank from the viewpoint of rapidly moving the separated object to be separated to the discharge section. As for the separation tank, reference can be made to the description of the dry separation apparatus of the present invention above. Further, the inclination is preferably directed from the input section toward the discharge section from the viewpoint of moving the separated objects to be separated more efficiently. As a result, the object to be separated can be smoothly moved from a high inclined position to a low inclined position by its own weight. becomes possible.

Further, in the present invention, the moving means moves the separation target separated in the separation tank toward the discharge section. For example, by using a movable member installed in the separation tank, it is possible to first discharge the floated substances in the solid-gas fluidized bed, and then discharge the sediment that settled in the solid-gas fluidized bed.

In the dry separation method of the present invention, the object to be separated can be separated by blowing air from the bottom from the viewpoint of fluidizing the object to be separated. In addition, air may be blown by a sending means provided in the middle part of the separation tank. Further, in the dry separation method of the present invention, from the viewpoint of positively performing separation based on the difference in specific gravity, the wind speed of the blowing air at the input section can be made higher than the wind speed of the blowing air at the discharge section. In this way, in the prior art, small objects (for example, particulate matter with a diameter of 10 mm or less) are susceptible to the dynamic behavior of powder and rising air bubbles in the solid-gas fluidized bed, and floating and sinking of the object is difficult. However, according to the present invention, by introducing vibration or the like, particularly small objects to be separated and density differences that are less than 2.0 when the density value is converted into a ratio Objects to be separated, such as small particulate mixtures, can also be made separable.

An example of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not intended to be interpreted as being limited to the following examples.

Example 1
First, a dry separation apparatus was manufactured using a slope provided at the bottom of the separation tank as a moving means. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a dry separation device according to the invention. In FIG. 1 , the dry separation apparatus includes a separation tank 3 , an object-to-be-separated input section 5 , an object-to-be-separated discharge section 7 , vibration means (only vibration 20 is shown in the figure), and blower section 30 . In Example 1, the separation tank 3 is rectangular. The apparatus generates a solid-gas fluidized bed or a fluidized bed 4 formed by the separation object itself in the separation tank 3, and the separation object is generated in the solid-gas fluidized bed or the fluidized bed 4 formed by the separation object itself. An object with a low density and an object with a high density are separated and discharged from the discharge unit 7 to the outside of the apparatus. The vibrating means vibrates the fluidized bed 4 and the object to be separated in the separation tank. The moving means promotes the movement of the object to be separated from the chamber near the input section toward the chamber near the discharge section to the discharge section.

The discharge unit 7 includes discharge ports 7a and 7b whose installation positions are set based on the difference in the density of the plurality of types of substances contained in the separation target. The discharge ports 7a and 7b are slits, for example. The number of outlets can be set to the number of types to be discharged after separation of the input separation objects instead of the number of types predetermined based on the difference in density.

In Example 1, as an example of the moving means, the bottom portion 9 is provided with a slope that is lowered from a portion near the input portion 5 to a portion near the discharge portion 7 .

In addition, the air blowing unit 30 of the dry separation apparatus sends an air stream 33 having a preset wind speed from the air chamber 31 into the separation tank 3 to improve the separation efficiency and to promote the movement of the powder to the right. It can also be considered part of the means.

The discharge unit 7 includes a discharge port 7a for relatively low-density objects to be separated and a discharge port 7b for relatively high-density objects. Here, there are two discharge ports 7a and 7b, but the number and positions of the discharge ports are changed according to the number of types based on the difference in density of the objects to be separated.

In the air blowing section 30, the air chamber 31 may be divided into a plurality of sections, and the wind velocity of the airflow 33 may be set to gradually decrease from the chamber near the input section to the chamber near the discharge section.

Using the above apparatus, the value of u ₀ /u _mf is set to 1, the vibration intensity G is set to 1.2, and the particle size of particulate matter, which has been difficult to separate in the past, is used as the object to be separated. Objects to be separated of 10 mm or less that could not be separated by air blowing alone as a result of trying to separate heavy mineral sand (2.5 g/cm ³ ) and silica sand (1.5 g/cm ³ ) due to the small density difference. However, it turns out that they can be separated.

Example 2
Next, another embodiment of a dry separation apparatus was manufactured using a slope provided at the bottom of the separation tank as a moving means. FIG. 2 shows Example 2 of the present invention. In Example 2, the input part 5 is provided at the center of the horizontal cross section of the columnar or rectangular separation tank 3, and a plurality of discharge ports 7a for discharging the separated powder are provided at sites having a symmetrical positional relationship with respect to the center. , 7b. Further, in FIG. 2, the inclination of the bottom portion 9 of the separation tank 3 is such that it becomes lower from the central portion of the separation tank 3 toward each discharge portion 7 . This inclination is an example of means (moving means 40) for promoting the movement of the object to be separated.

Example 3
Next, another embodiment of the dry separation apparatus using a movable member as a moving means was manufactured. FIG. 3 shows Example 3. In Example 3, the objects to be separated separated into a plurality of layers are transferred to the corresponding discharge section 7 in order from the upper layer (that is, the layer of objects with relatively low density) by the movable member 40 provided in the separation tank 3. It moves towards. The movable member 40 such as a movable blade is not particularly limited as long as it moves the object to be separated toward the discharge section 7 . For example, the movable member 40 pushes or pulls the separation object. According to this aspect, the bottom may be sloped to further facilitate movement of the object to be separated.

In addition, in the present invention, a method of alternately repeating "separation" and "exhaust to the outside of the apparatus" may be adopted. After finishing the separation operation with the device, first open the door on the upper right side and move the movable blade to the right to discharge the low density particles out of the device, then open the lower door on the left side to remove the movable blade. A device that discharges high-density particles to the outside of the device by moving it to the left is also effective, and a similar movable blade may be installed in a cylindrical device.

Example 4
FIG. 4 shows Example 4 in which a plurality of partitions 15 are provided in the rectangular separation tank 3 (FIG. 4(1)). The partition 15 is provided in the rectangular separation tank 3 in parallel with the movement direction X of the separation object 2 (FIG. 4(2)). In general, the greater the contact area of the object to be separated 2 with the surface of the partition 15, the greater the "wall effect" or the effect of transmitting vibration to the object to be separated 2. Therefore, in the dry separation apparatus 1, it is preferable to set the number of partitions 15 in relation to promotion of the separation effect.

The partition 15 provided inside the separation tank 3 may be, for example, a wall or a plate member. Also, the partition 15 may be appropriately provided with holes or grooves.

As an effect of vibration, contact between the powder to be separated and the wall, that is, friction generated against the powder when the wall vibrates up and down can be considered. In this embodiment, in order to make the effect more conspicuous, a plurality of walls (plates) are inserted parallel to the moving direction of the object to be separated, and the area where the object to be separated is in contact with the vibrating wall is increased. It was found that it is also effective to enhance the effect of

Example 5
FIG. 5 shows an example of selectively using an additional air blower 35 and an additional vibrating means 21 in the separation tank according to the height of the layer of the entire separation target when the separation target is put into the separation tank. indicates An additional air blower 35 and/or an additional vibrating means 21 according to the layer height of the object to be separated in the separation tank further enhances the separation effect of the dry separation apparatus.

There is concern that separation efficiency will decrease as the bed height increases. This may be because the movement of the powder in the upper part of the layer slows down, but according to this embodiment, additional air is blown from the middle height, or a dispersion plate is placed at the middle height to add vibration. , it was also found to be effective in preventing a decrease in separation efficiency.

Example 6
FIG. 6 shows types of vibration directions in a dry separator. The vibration means of the dry separation device performs vibration including at least one of vertical A, horizontal B, twist C and oblique D, thereby enhancing the separation effect of the separation target.

FIG. 7 shows experimental results on the effects of air blowing and vibration. A cylindrical container with a diameter of 105 mm was prepared by mixing a light powder with a bulk density of 1.5 g/cm ³ and a heavy powder with a bulk density of 2.5 g/cm ³ (the density ratio is about 1.7). It was thrown in so that the bed height was 105 mm. Dry air compressed by an air compressor was blown by setting the flow rate with a mass flow controller. Vibration was applied to this by a vibrator installed below the solid fluidized bed in the cylindrical container. Fluidization was performed for 10 minutes by blowing air and vertical vibration, blowing air and horizontal vibration only with the wind speed changing the vibration direction vertically and horizontally depending on the installation angle of the vibrating device. After completion of fluidization, the sample powder was collected from above with a suction machine so as to form a total of 10 layers, which were designated as the 1st, 2nd, . . . 10th layers from the top. The bulk density of each layer collected was measured, and the solid volume ratio of each layer was calculated from a calibration curve prepared in advance. In FIG. 7, it can be said that separation was not possible in the leftmost "Blow only" (a), since the proportions of the heavy powder in the 1st to 10th layers were almost the same. In the second "air blowing and lateral vibration" (b), the proportion of heavy powder increased in the lower layers, and separation was observed to some extent. In the far right "blowing and longitudinal vibration (c), the proportion of heavy powder is almost zero in the upper five layers, that is, the proportion of light powder is occupied, and the proportion of heavy powder is almost 100 in the lower five layers, that is, Since the heavy powder occupied, it can be said that the separation was recognized most among the three conditions.

As described above, it was found that the dry separation apparatus and method of the present invention can separate and reliably discharge a mixture of substances having a particle size of 10 mm or less and a small density difference of less than 2.0 in terms of density ratio. .

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is applicable to appropriate treatment of various mixed wastes and separation and recovery of valuables containing rare metals.

1 Dry separation device 2 Separation object 3 Separation tank 4 Solid-gas fluidized bed or fluidized bed formed by the separation object itself 5 Input part 7 Discharge part 7a Discharge port 7b for separation object with relatively low density Relative density Discharge port 9 for relatively large separation object Bottom 11 Gas distribution plate 15 Partition 20 Vibrating means 21 Additional vibrating means 30 Air blower (air blowing means)
31 air chamber 33 air current (ventilation)
35 additional blower (additional blower means)
40 movable member (moving means)
A Vertical vibration B Lateral vibration C Twisting vibration D Oblique vibration X Moving direction of the object to be separated

Claims (11)

A dry separation apparatus comprising: a body portion including a separation tank; an input portion for inputting an object to be separated into the separation tank; and a discharge portion for discharging the separated object to be separated from the separation tank, wherein the separation vibrating means for vibrating the object to be separated placed in the tank; air blowing means provided at the bottom and/or middle part of the separation tank; and moving the separated object to the discharge part by the vibration. and the inside of the separation tank has one or more vibrating partitions parallel to the direction in which the object to be separated is desired to move, and the wind speed of the air blowing means is adjusted to the input portion. A dry separation device, characterized in that the side is large and the discharge side is small . 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said moving means is an incline provided at the bottom of said separation tank. 3. Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said slope is directed from said inlet to said outlet. 4. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a gas distribution plate at the bottom and/or middle of said separation tank. 5. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the separation tank is at least one of a rectangular shape, a cylindrical shape, and a triangular prism shape. 6. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the moving means moves the separation target separated in the separation tank toward the discharge section. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims , wherein the vibrating means implements vibrations including at least one of longitudinal, transverse, twisting and oblique directions. Using the dry separation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the object to be separated input from the input part is separated using a solid-gas fluidized bed in which the powder is fluidized, or A dry separation method in which the object to be separated is fluidized to separate the object to be separated and the separated object to be separated is discharged to a discharge unit, and the object to be separated is vibrated to separate and separated. A dry separation method in which the object to be separated is discharged by a moving means for moving the object to be separated to the discharge part, wherein the fluidization is formed by blowing means provided at the bottom and / or intermediate part of the separation tank, and the object to be separated A dry separation method, characterized in that the objects to be separated are separated in a separation tank having one or more vibrating partitions parallel to the direction in which the objects are to be moved. 9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein said moving means is an incline provided at the bottom of said separation tank. 10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the separation is performed by blowing air from the bottom. 9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the air velocity of the inlet air is greater than the air velocity of the outlet air.

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