JP4641508B2 - Dry separation device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a dry separation apparatus. More specifically, the present invention relates to a dry separation apparatus. More specifically, the powder is sprayed with gas to fluidize the powder to form a fluidized bed, and an object to be separated is introduced into the fluidized bed. Among the objects, the object having a density lower than the apparent density of the fluidized bed is levitated, the object having a density higher than the apparent density of the fluidized bed is settled, and used for the specific gravity separation method in the fluidized bed to separate both objects. Relates to a dry separation apparatus.

  As technology to separate vinyl chloride and non-chloride in shredder that occurs when recycling household appliances, technology to separate plastic and metal, wood material in building waste, technology to separate mortar and stone, Although wet separation using a liquid has been the mainstream, this separation method requires a drying step after the separation, and requires a large cost. Therefore, dry separation is desired.

  The difference in specific gravity between vinyl chloride and non-chloride in the shredder that occurs when recycling home appliances is very small (vinyl chloride: ~ 1.4, PS / ABS: ~ 1.2). It is not easy to separate the two. Moreover, from the viewpoint of work efficiency, the separation process described above is preferably continuous. As a technique that continuously separates those having a small specific gravity difference (density difference), for example, a dry coal separation method and a dry coal separation apparatus that perform specific gravity sorting of coal without using a liquid are known (for example, Patent Document 1).

  The dry coal separation apparatus comprises a separation tank provided with a porous dispersion plate on the bottom surface, and a rotatable cylindrical collection rotor disposed so as to be inclined so that at least a part of the separation coal enters the separation tank. The rotor is provided with a porous ring-shaped bottom plate, a plurality of collection chambers defined by a plurality of partition plates fixed to the ring-shaped bottom plate in the radial direction, and a side plate standing on the outer peripheral edge of the ring-shaped bottom plate. Then, a fluidized bed of fluidizing medium is formed in the separation tank by the gas blown from the dispersion plate at the bottom of the separation tank, and the settled coal particles are collected in the collection chamber below the rotor and scraped together with the rotation of the rotor. It is made to discharge from the upper collection chamber through the inner periphery of the ring-shaped bottom plate.

  In addition, there is a research paper on material separation of automobile shredder dust by a specific gravity separation method in a solid-gas fluidized bed (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

In this research paper, "I tried to separate the three components of plastic, rubber, and wiring in dust using the specific gravity separation method in a solid-gas fluidized bed. The powder was fluidized by blowing from the bottom. Since the solid-gas fluidized bed has properties similar to liquids, an object that is lighter than the bulk density in the fluidized state floats in the bed and a heavy object sinks. High quality coal and separation of silica and wax with a density difference of about 250 kg / m ³ are possible by using uni-beads, zircon sand and glass beads as fluidizing media, and by floating and sinking spheres with various densities. The bulk density in the fluidized state and its variation were determined.The density of the three components is the order of plastic <rubber <wiring, and only the wiring is settled and separated with unibeads and zircon sand, and plastic with glass beads. Attempts were made to float and separate the rubber, and the difference in density of each component was small, and the separation of each component was difficult because the floating of the object was greatly affected by the flow of particles and bubbles in the layer. Therefore, in order to obtain a high separation efficiency, separation experiments were carried out at various superficial velocities. " And, as a result of the above test, it was described that the three components could be separated and the respective recovery rates were high.

  The fluidized bed described in Patent Document 1 is synonymous with the solid-gas fluidized bed described in Non-Patent Document 1. That is, the separation method described in Patent Document 1 is different from the separation method described in Non-Patent Document 1 above, but these are basically the same separation method, In either case, a specific gravity separation method in a solid-gas fluidized bed is used.

  The separation apparatus described in Patent Document 1 is applied to the dry coal separation method described in Patent Document 1, and the object to be separated is coal, but also when it is other than coal. It is considered that it can be applied, and it is considered that the target substance can be separated by selecting and using an appropriate powder fluidizing medium.

  In the separation apparatus described in Patent Document 1, a rotatable cylindrical collection rotor disposed at an inclination as a mechanism for continuously taking out an object (sediment) that has settled in a fluidized bed (solid-gas fluidized bed). However, since it has what has a several collection chamber, it settles in a fluidized bed, The sediment which entered the said collection chamber can be taken out continuously.

  However, sediment that settles in the fluidized bed and does not enter the collection chamber falls on the bottom surface (porous dispersion plate) of the separation tank and cannot be taken out by the collection rotor. If this sediment is not taken out, the sediment recovery rate (ratio of the collected sediment to the total sediment) will be low. In order to improve the sediment recovery rate, when the sediment is to be taken out, it is necessary to stop the operation of the separation device, so that the continuous separation operation cannot be performed. As a result, the separation efficiency (per unit time) The amount of separation, that is, the amount of sediment and levitated matter recovered per unit time) is reduced.

  In addition, paying attention to the above situation, this is a dry separation device applied to the specific gravity separation method in a solid-gas fluidized bed, which can perform continuous separation operation and can continuously extract sediment and floated material. And the invention which concerns on the dry-type separation apparatus aiming at collect | recovering sediment and a levitated matter with a high recovery rate is indicated by this inventor (for example, refer patent document 2).

  The dry separation apparatus described in Patent Document 2 supplies gas from under the powder, fluidizes the powder to form a fluidized bed, and puts an object to be separated into the fluidized bed, Specific gravity separation in a fluidized bed that separates both objects by levitating an object having a density lower than the apparent density of the fluidized bed, and sinking an object having a density greater than the apparent density of the fluidized bed. A dry separation apparatus applied to the method, a separation tank, a powder supply means for supplying powder for forming a fluidized bed to the separation tank, and a separation target object for supplying the separation target object to the separation tank A supply means, an inclined air permeable plate disposed at the lower part of the separation tank, and a powder flow for fluidizing powder by supplying gas to the separation tank through the air permeable plate from below the gas permeable plate Sediment settled in fluidized bed in the separation gas supply means and separation tank And sediment discharge means for discharging the separation tank outside is characterized in that it comprises a flotation product discharge means for discharging the flotation product was buoyant in a fluidized bed in the separation tank to the separation tank outside.

JP 2000-61398 A JP 2004-313953 A Jun Oshiya, Kyoko Sugawara, Koji Kiyoshima, Yoshinosuke Tanaka, Journal of Powder Engineering, Vol. 38, 702-709 (2001)

  However, in the separation apparatus described in Patent Document 2, even if the amount of gas supplied to the separation tank through the gas permeable plate is adjusted by the powder fluidizing gas supply means for the fluidized bed formation, There is a concern that a part of the object to be separated that has settled in the fluidized bed may stay on the breathable plate disposed in the lower part of the separation tank. If a part of the object to be separated stays on the air permeable plate in this way, the air permeable plate is clogged and the flow state in the separation tank deteriorates, resulting in the apparent density of the fluidized bed. Is not kept uniform, and the separation accuracy of the object to be separated is lowered.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its object is to prevent clogging of the air permeable plate and to maintain the fluid state in which the apparent density of the fluidized bed is kept uniform. It is an object of the present invention to provide a dry separation apparatus that can take out sediment and floated material, can perform continuous separation operation, and can collect sediment and floated material at a high recovery rate.

Means and effects for solving the problems

  The dry separation apparatus according to the present invention forms a fluidized bed by supplying a gas from below the powder and fluidizing the powder, throwing an object to be separated into the fluidized bed, and supplying the object to be separated Among the materials, the object having a density lower than the apparent density of the fluidized bed is levitated, the object having a density higher than the apparent density of the fluidized bed is settled, and used for the specific gravity separation method in the fluidized bed to separate both objects. Relates to a dry separation apparatus. Here, the apparent density of the fluidized bed refers to the mass of powder per unit volume of the formed fluidized bed. And the said dry-type separation apparatus regarding this invention has the following some features in order to achieve the said objective. That is, the dry separation apparatus of the present invention includes the following features alone or in combination as appropriate.

The first feature of the dry separation apparatus according to the present invention for achieving the above object is a separation tank, and a powder supply means for supplying the powder to form the fluidized bed in the separation tank; A gas permeable plate for supplying gas into the separation tank through the air permeable plate from below the air permeable plate, and a gas permeable plate formed as a bottom surface of the separation tank for supplying gas to the separation tank A gas supply means and a plurality of openings of a size that allows at least the powder to pass therethrough are provided, and the bottom surface is arranged inside the separation tank in a manner that becomes lower as the distance from the position where the separation target is supplied. And a vibration generator that vibrates the filter plate with side surfaces.

  According to this configuration, the object to be separated moves (including sedimentation) to a region where the moving speed of the powder in the fluidized bed is insufficient, that is, to the bottom or side surface (near) of the separation tank. Therefore, it is possible to use a layer having a more uniform apparent density in the fluidized bed and to prevent clogging of the breathable plate. Moreover, since the filter plate with a side surface is vibrated by the vibration generating device, the object to be separated on the filter plate with the side surface is also suppressed. Therefore, the flow state in the fluidized bed does not deteriorate, the apparent density is always kept uniform, and the separation efficiency of the separation target can be improved. Furthermore, since the object to be separated that remains in the fluidized bed is reduced, work such as taking out the object to be separated that is staying in the fluidized bed is almost unnecessary. You can drive.

  Here, the filter plate with a side face is disposed inside the separation tank means that the moving speed of the powder in the fluidized bed is insufficient, that is, the bottom part or the side part (near part of the separation tank). In order to prevent the object to be separated from moving (including sedimentation), the filter plate with a side surface is arranged at a certain distance from the side surface and the bottom surface of the separation tank.

  In addition, the air permeable plate is preferably disposed so as to become lower as it is separated from the position where the object to be separated is supplied, but the object to be separated is retained on the air permeable plate by the filter plate with a side surface. Therefore, it is not necessary to stick to this arrangement. On the other hand, it is preferable that the filter plate with a side surface is disposed at an inclination angle larger than at least the inclination angle of the air-permeable plate.

The second feature of the dry separating device according to the present invention, the vibration generating device is a motor for vibrating the side with filter plate, the side with the filter plate is supported on the separation tank via a spring It is that.

According to this configuration, it is possible to vibrate the side with filter by the vibration of the motor, the spring makes it possible to suppress the vibration of the separation vessel itself, also is possible to construct a vibration generator with simple equipment will leave motor it can. Here, the spring may be anything as long as it can support the motor and the filter plate with the side surface . Further, the filter plate with side surface is supported by the separation tank via the spring, and the filter plate with side surface vibrates due to vibration by the motor. Thereby, the retention of the separation target object on the filter plate with side surfaces is suppressed, and the moving speed of the powder forming the fluidized bed is maintained. Therefore, the fluid state in the fluidized bed does not deteriorate, the apparent density is always kept uniform, and the separation efficiency of the separation target can be improved.

  A third feature of the dry separation apparatus according to the present invention is that the motor is disposed above the filter plate with side surfaces.

  According to this structure, the vibration which moves to the downstream of the separation tank which is the direction which discharges the to-be-separated object settled on the filter plate with a side can be given to the filter plate with a side. Therefore, retention of the separation target object on the filter plate with side surfaces can be suppressed. In addition, there is an effect that the motor can be easily arranged when there is room in the upper space of the filter plate with side surfaces. The motor can be arranged on the upstream side to which the object to be separated is supplied or on the other side of the filter plate with side surfaces.

  Moreover, the 4th characteristic in the dry-type separation apparatus which concerns on this invention is that the said motor is arrange | positioned at the both sides | surfaces of the said filter plate with a side surface.

  According to this structure, the vibration which moves to the downstream of the separation tank which is the direction which discharges the to-be-separated object settled on the filter plate with a side can be given to the filter plate with a side. Therefore, retention of the separation target object on the filter plate with side surfaces can be suppressed. This is the arrangement of the motor that can be used when the motor cannot be arranged above the filter plate with the side surface. In addition, the said motor can be arrange | positioned in the both sides | surfaces of the filter plate with a side face other than the upstream to which the said to-be-separated object is supplied.

  A fifth feature of the dry separation apparatus according to the present invention is that the motor is disposed on one side surface of the filter plate with side surfaces.

  According to this structure, the vibration which raises and lowers the bottom face of the filter plate with a side surface can be given to the filter plate with a side surface only by providing a motor only on one side surface of either one of the filter plates with a side surface. Thereby, the separation target object moves to the downstream side in the discharge direction together with the powder without staying on the filter plate. Therefore, retention of the separation target object on the filter plate with side surfaces can be suppressed.

  Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Here, an example in which the dry separation apparatus according to the present invention separates vinyl chloride and non-chloride will be described. The dry separation apparatus according to the present invention is not limited to this and can be applied to a specific gravity separation method for various objects to be separated.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a dry separation apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing a filter plate with a side surface and a vibration generator of the dry separation apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

  A dry separation apparatus 100 according to this embodiment includes a separation tank 1 that is a box-type container that houses a fluidized bed 10. The fluidized bed 10 is composed of an appropriate powder. Below one side surface of the separation tank 1, a powder supply device 2 (powder supply means) that appropriately supplies powder to form the fluidized bed 10 in the separation tank 1 is provided. Above one end of the separation tank 1, a separation target supply hopper 3 (separation target supply means) that supplies (inputs) the separation target to the separation tank 1 is provided. Here, the object to be separated in the present embodiment includes vinyl chloride, non-chloride, and the like. Compared to the apparent density (details will be described later) of the powder forming the fluidized bed 10, the former density is large and the latter density is small. The powder supply device 2 (powder supply means) may be provided above one end of the separation tank 1.

  The bottom surface of the separation tank 1 which is a box-shaped container is composed of a breathable plate 1a having a property of allowing air to pass but not allowing the powder to pass. The air-permeable plate 1a is provided so as to be inclined so as to become lower as it moves away from one end of the separation tank 1 (from one end to the other end), which is a supply position of the separation target object by the separation target supply hopper 3. Yes. In addition, the said air permeable board 1a may be provided horizontally.

  A plurality of wind boxes 4 (powder fluidization gas supply means) partitioned by a plurality of partition plates are provided below the breathable plate 1a forming the bottom surface of the separation tank 1, and the breathable plate Air, which is a gas, is supplied into the separation tank 1 through 1a. Thereby, powder is fluidized and the fluidized bed 10 is formed. The aforementioned apparent density is the mass per unit volume when the powder is fluidized. The supply amount of air supplied to the wind box 4 is configured to be adjusted by independent air supply means (not shown).

  In the present embodiment, five wind boxes 4 are provided as shown in FIG. 1, but the number of wind boxes 4 is not limited to this. Furthermore, the upper part of the separation tank 1 which is a box-shaped container may be closed with an upper surface plate material, or may be opened without the upper surface plate material, and can be appropriately selected according to the external environment. .

  The bottom of the other end of the separation tank 1 is provided with a cylindrical sediment discharge port 1b (precipitate discharge means) protruding downward, and the sediment settled in the fluidized bed 10 and the powder are It is comprised so that it may discharge | emit on the end of the conveyance belt of 30 s of sediment conveyance conveyors provided in the downward direction outside this separation tank 1. FIG.

  As described above, powder is supplied from the powder supply device 2 provided below one side surface of the separation tank 1 and powder (and from the sediment discharge port 1 b provided at the bottom of the other end of the separation tank 1. When the sediment is discharged, the fluidized bed 10 moves gently from one end of the separation tank 1 toward the other end.

  The other side wall surface 1 c of the separation tank 1 is inclined toward the inside of the separation tank 1. Thereby, the powder which moves in the separation tank 1 from one end to the other end does not stay in the vicinity of the other end side wall surface 1c and is guided to the sediment discharge port 1b. Therefore, the fluidized bed 10 moves smoothly.

  The other end side wall surface 1c is provided such that the upper end thereof is lower than the upper ends of the other wall surfaces, and the upper end and the upper layer surface of the fluidized bed 10 substantially coincide with each other. The floating substance separated and floated in the fluidized bed 10 is discharged from the separation tank 1 over the upper end of the other side wall surface 1c as the fluidized bed 10 moves (floating substance discharge means).

  In the present embodiment, the upper end of the other end side wall surface 1 c forms an upper end inclined portion 1 d that is inclined toward the outside of the separation tank 1. The levitated matter floating in the fluidized bed 10 is discharged from the separation tank 1 so as to ride on the upper end inclined portion 1d. The inclination angle of the upper inclined portion 1d with respect to the horizontal is preferably about 5 to 45 degrees, but is not limited thereto and can be selected as appropriate.

  The levitated matter discharged together with the powder from the upper end of the other end side wall surface 1c is configured to be discharged onto one end of the conveying belt of the levitated item conveying conveyor 30f through a suitable inclined surface or the like.

  A separate vibrating screen (not shown) is provided at the other end of each of the levitated material transfer conveyor 30f and the sediment transfer conveyor 30s. Thus, the powder discharged onto the conveyor belt together with the floated material or the sediment can be separated and collected. In addition, a powder transport conveyor (not shown) is provided for transporting the powder collected by the vibrating screen to the powder supply device 2 again.

  Further, in the separation tank 1, the filter plate with a side surface constituted by the filter plate 20 a and the filter side surface plate 20 b is lowered so that the bottom surface thereof becomes lower as the distance from the position where the separation target object is supplied becomes lower. It is arranged via a spring 22 of the book. In addition, a motor 21a that vibrates the filter plate with the side surface is disposed 90 degrees laterally with respect to the moving direction of the separation target portion on the plate 23 installed on the upper side of the filter plate with the side surface. Here, the filter plate 20a and the filter side surface plate 20b are provided with a plurality of openings, and in the present embodiment, a plurality of holes are provided as the openings.

  The inclination angle of the filter plate 20a is preferably set large, and is at least larger than the inclination angle of the air-permeable plate 1a. However, the filter plate 20a is exposed from at least the fluidized bed 10 at the point of supply of the separation target so that the separation target supplied from the separation target supply hopper 3 is well adapted to the fluidized bed 10 immediately after the supply. In order to avoid this, the inclination angle is preferably set so as to be separated from the upper surface of the fluidized bed 10 to some extent. In the present embodiment, the breathable plate 1a is attached at 10 degrees, the filter plate 20a is attached at 14 degrees, and an inclination angle is attached.

  The filter side plate 20b is provided on the side surface of the separation tank 1 which is a box-shaped container, in the vicinity of the inner side of the side surface parallel to the moving direction of the fluidized bed 10, and in parallel with the side surface. The distance between the filter side face plate 20b and the side face of the separation tank 1 may be 2 cm or more, but more preferably 4 cm or more where the flow state is substantially the same as the central portion. Further, since the effective use width of the separation tank 1 is reduced when the distance becomes too long, the distance is preferably within 10% of the total width of the separation tank, but is not limited thereto and can be appropriately selected. In addition, although the filter side plate 20b in this embodiment was provided in parallel with the side surface of the separation tank 1, it is not restricted to this, and it suppresses that a to-be-separated target object moves to the vicinity of the side part of the separation tank 1. For example, the filter side plate 20b may be provided to be inclined, or may be provided so as to cover the side surface of the separation tank 1.

  The attachment method of the filter plate 20a and the filter side plate 20b is not particularly limited, and can be freely selected, such as welding or bolt fastening, or the filter plate 20a and the filter side plate 20b are formed in an integrated structure. Also good. Moreover, the attachment method to the filter plate with a side surface of the plate 23 is not particularly limited, and the plate 23 can be attached to the filter side surface plate 20b by welding or bolt fastening.

  The material of the filter plate 20a and the filter side plate 20b can be arbitrarily selected as long as the shape can be maintained in the fluidized bed 10. For example, metals such as iron, aluminum, stainless steel, and copper, and plastics such as FRP may be used. Here, the size of the hole of the air-permeable plate 1a is determined so that the air-permeability is ensured and the powder does not pass through. On the other hand, the size of the holes of the filter plate 20a and the filter side plate 20b is determined so as not to hinder the fluidity of the fluidized bed 10, and is at least larger than the above powder and is larger than the separation target. If it is small, it is good. That is, the size of the hole is not particularly limited as long as it is in the above range, but a hole diameter in the range of 3 mm to 10 mm can be suitably used. The shape of the hole may be a circle, a cross, a rectangle, a diamond, or a triangle, and can be freely selected. The shape of the plurality of openings provided in the filter plate 20a and the filter side plate 20b is not limited to the hole, and may be a slit shape in which a plurality of thin gaps are formed. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of the fluidity of the fluidized bed 10, the aperture ratio, which is the ratio of the opening area to the total area of the filter plate 20a and the filter side plate 20b, is preferably as large as possible, and is preferably 20% or more.

  If the four springs 22 used for disposing a filter plate with a side composed of the filter plate 20a and the filter side plate 20b in the separation tank 1 can support the motor and the filter plate with a side, Any spring may be used. In the present embodiment, four springs are used, but the number of springs 22 is not limited to this.

  Examples of the motor 21a that vibrates the filter plate with side surfaces include a vibration motor (vibrator) that can generate vibration, a general-purpose motor, and the like. In this embodiment, the motor 21a is an upstream side to which an object to be separated is supplied, A vibration motor (vibrator) is arranged above the filter plate with side surfaces. Further, the position of the motor 21a is preferably on the upstream side where the object to be separated is supplied, but is not limited thereto. Further, in this embodiment, the motor 21a is disposed on the plate 23 installed on the upper side of the filter plate with the side surface so as to be 90 degrees lateral to the moving direction of the separation target portion, but is limited to this direction. Not a thing.

  Next, based on FIG.1 and FIG.2, the operation | movement of the dry-type separation apparatus 100 which concerns on this embodiment is demonstrated.

  A suitable powder is stored in the separation tank 1 in advance. The powder is fluidized by supplying air from the wind box 4 at a predetermined wind speed, and the apparent density becomes uniform. The predetermined wind speed (Uo) is, for example, about 120% of the minimum fluidization speed (Umf) (Uo / Umf = 1.2). The minimum fluidization speed is that the powder is in a fluidized state. This is the lower limit of the wind speed required. As described above, the fluidized bed 10 made of the powder is formed in the separation tank 1.

  Further, powder is supplied at a constant flow rate from a powder supply device 2 provided below one side surface of the separation tank 1. On the other hand, the powder is discharged onto the transport belt of the sediment transport conveyor 30s from the sediment discharge port 1b provided at the bottom of the other end of the separation tank 1. Moreover, the powder is discharged | emitted from the upper-end inclination part 1d of the separation tank 1 on the conveyance belt of the flotation material conveyance conveyor 30f. In this way, the particles discharged from the separation tank 1 and conveyed by the sediment transport conveyor 30s and the float transport conveyor 30f are mixed with foreign substances (not shown), which are appropriately provided by individual vibrating sieves (not shown). Etc.) is removed and supplied to the powder supply device 2 by a transport conveyor (not shown) provided as appropriate. At this time, the powder may be replenished by an appropriately provided powder replenishment hopper (not shown) according to the amount of powder lost due to scattering or the like.

  By continuously performing the above steps, the fluidized bed 10 moves gently from one end of the separation tank 1 toward the other end. More specifically, the upper layer portion of the fluidized bed 10 flows toward the upper end inclined portion 1d, and the other middle layer portion and lower layer portion flow toward the sediment discharge port 1b. At this time, since the other end side wall surface 1c is inclined toward the inner side of the separation tank 1, the flow to the sediment discharge port 1b in the middle layer portion can be made smooth, so that the occurrence of stagnation is suppressed. It becomes.

  An object to be separated composed of vinyl chloride and non-chloride is supplied from the object to be separated supply hopper 3 to the fluidized bed 10 in the separation tank 1 formed as described above. The object to be separated is pulverized to an appropriate size in advance.

  Then, since the fluidized bed 10 is fluidized, vinyl chloride having a density higher than the apparent density of the fluidized bed 10 begins to settle toward the air-permeable plate 1 a that is the bottom surface of the separation tank 1. In the fluidized bed 10, a filter plate with a side surface having a large inclination angle is disposed in advance, so that sediment (vinyl chloride) does not stay on the filter plate with a side surface, and moves toward the sediment discharge port 1 b. Flowed (carried) with the fluidized bed 10. And a sediment is discharged | emitted on the conveyance belt of 30s of sediment conveyance conveyors via the sediment discharge port 1b with a powder.

  On the other hand, non-chlorides having a density smaller than the apparent density of the fluidized bed 10 will float. The floated material (non-chloride, etc.) floated over the top inclined portion 1d together with the powder and is discharged onto the transport belt of the float transport conveyor 30f. Here, since the upper end inclined portion 1d is inclined so as to be directed to the outside of the separation tank 1, the upper layer portion of the fluidized bed 10 and the non-chloride floating on the upper layer portion may cause the other end side wall surface 1c. It is comprised so that it can suppress staying without being able to get over.

Here, generally, near the boundary between the fluid and the wall surface, a wall surface effect, that is, a drag force to suppress the flow acts on the fluid. This wall surface effect affects a predetermined region from the wall surface, and the flow velocity of the fluid in that region is significantly reduced.
The above-mentioned wall effect can be said to be the same in other dry separation apparatuses other than the dry separation apparatus according to the present invention.

  In this regard, in the separation tank 1 of the dry separation apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment, the moving range of the object to be separated is limited not only by the filter plate 20a described above but also by the filter side plate 20b. As a result, the object to be separated is prevented from moving (including sedimentation) to the region where the moving speed of the powder in the fluidized bed 10 is insufficient, that is, the bottom and side portions (near) of the separation tank 1. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the retention of the separation target due to the wall surface effect or the like. Moreover, since the structure of the filter plate with a side surface formed by the filter plate 20a and the filter side surface plate 20b is simple, the function of suppressing the retention of the object to be separated can be easily added to the existing dry separation apparatus. . In addition, since only the region where the moving speed of the powder is sufficient in the fluidized bed 10 can be selectively used, the separation efficiency can be improved.

  Moreover, the said filter plate with a side surface arrange | positioned in the separation tank 1 is vibrated through the board 23 by the motor 21a. In the dry separation apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment, the filter plate with side surface is vibrated in a vibration pattern such as vibration conveyance using the natural frequency of the device formed from the plate 23 and the filter plate with side surface. Can do. Thereby, even if a to-be-separated object settles on the filter board with a side, the residence can be controlled. Moreover, even if the filter plate 20a is simply vibrated up and down, there is an effect of suppressing the retention of the object to be separated. Therefore, the filter plate 20a may be vibrated at a frequency lower than the natural frequency of the vibration generator, or at other frequencies. It may be vibrated. Thus, by vibrating the filter plate with the side surface using the vibration generator, the effect of suppressing the retention of the separation target is further increased compared to the case without vibration, and the separation efficiency is improved.

  Now, the sediment and the floated material collected together with the powder are separated from the powder by the vibrating screen and collected individually.

  As described above, the dry separation apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment includes the filter plate 20a and the filter side plate 20b disposed in the separation tank 1 so that the bottom surface is lower than the position where the separation target is supplied. And a vibration generating device that vibrates the side-filter plate. This eliminates the need for operations such as taking out the object to be separated that stays at the bottom and side portions of the separation tank 1, and thus allows continuous operation without stopping the dry separation apparatus 100. Furthermore, since the retention of the separation target can be suppressed, the apparent density of the fluidized bed 10 can be kept uniform, and the separation efficiency can be improved.

  Next, a second embodiment of the dry separation apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view showing a filter plate with a side surface and a vibration generator of a dry separation apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the component provided with the same shape or function as 1st Embodiment. Here, only differences between the second embodiment and the first embodiment will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the filter plate with side surfaces formed from the filter plate 20a and the filter side surface plate 20b in this embodiment is provided with side surfaces on both side surfaces of the filter plate with side surfaces, not above the filter plate with side surfaces. A motor 21b that vibrates the filter plate is disposed. Further, the position of the motor 21b is preferably on the upstream side to which the object to be separated is supplied, but is not limited thereto. As in the first embodiment, examples of the motor 21b include a vibration motor (vibrator) or a general-purpose motor that can generate vibration.

  The side-attached filter plate allows the sediment to settle to the region where the moving speed of the powder in the fluidized bed 10 is insufficient, that is, to the bottom of the separation tank 1 shown in FIG. It can suppress staying on a filter board. In addition, as in the first embodiment, the sedimentation of the sediment on the filter plate with the side surface can be further suppressed by vibrating the filter plate with the side surface at a frequency such as vibration conveyance or other frequency. In addition, since the configuration of the filter plate with a side surface and the vibration generating device is simple, these devices can be easily added to an existing dry separation device.

  Next, based on FIG.4 and FIG.5, 3rd Embodiment of the dry-type separator which concerns on this invention is described. FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view showing a filter plate with a side surface and a vibration generator of a dry separation apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram for explaining the vibration state of the filter plate with a side surface of the dry separation apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the component provided with the same shape or function as 1st Embodiment. Here, only differences between the third embodiment and the first embodiment will be described.

  In the filter plate with a side surface formed from the filter plate 20a and the filter side surface plate 20b in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, one side of the filter plate with a side surface is not located above the filter plate with a side surface. A motor 21c that vibrates the filter plate with side surfaces is disposed on the side surface. As in the first embodiment, the motor 21c may be a vibration motor (vibrator) or a general-purpose motor that can generate vibration.

  The side-attached filter plate allows the sediment to settle to the region where the moving speed of the powder in the fluidized bed 10 is insufficient, that is, to the bottom of the separation tank 1 shown in FIG. It can suppress staying on a filter board. Further, as the motor 21c vibrates, as shown in FIG. 5, the filter side plate 20b vibrates in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the separation target flows, and the filter plate 20a vibrates up and down. Thereby, the residence on the filter board with a side of sediment can further be controlled. In the configuration of the present embodiment, vibration such as vibration conveyance cannot be generated in the filter plate with a side surface as in the configuration of the first embodiment or the second embodiment, but either one of the filter plates with a side surface can be produced. Only by arranging the motor 21c on the side surface, the filter plate 20a can be vibrated up and down to suppress the retention of sediment. In addition, since the configuration of the filter plate with a side surface and the vibration generating device is simple, these devices can be easily added to the existing dry separation device as in the first and second embodiments.

  Hereinafter, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the motor 21a is operated based on the first embodiment in which the motor 21a is arranged on the upstream side to which the object to be separated is supplied and above the filter plate with side surfaces. In the first embodiment in which the separation test (hereinafter referred to as Example A) performed with vibration and the motor 21a is arranged on the upstream side to which the object to be separated is supplied and above the filter plate with side surfaces. The separation test (hereinafter referred to as Example B) performed without vibration that does not operate the motor 21a will be described.

  6 is a diagram showing the separation test results of Example B. FIG. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the separation test results of Example A.

Specifically, waste home-use plastics having a size of 10 mm to 30 mm (polyethylene (density: 1.0 g / cm ³ ), polypropylene (density: 0.9 g / cm ³ ), nylon (density: 1.1 g / cm ³⁾ ), Vinyl chloride (including density: 1.4 g / cm ³ ), etc.) were added to the separation tank 1 according to Example A and the separation tank 1 according to Example B, respectively, and a separation test was performed. In this separation test, silica sand having an apparent density of 1.21 g / cm ³ was used as the powder of the fluidized bed 10. Further, the fluidization condition (Uo / Umf) of the fluidized bed 10 was set to 1.2. The weight (excluding powder) of vinyl chloride occupied in the upper recovered plastic and the upper recovered plastic recovered through the floated material conveyor 30f and the like was measured. The chlorine concentration was converted from the weight of vinyl chloride in the upper recovered plastic. Here, in Example A, the filter plate with a side surface was vibrated using an inverter at 7 Hz which is a natural frequency of a device formed of the plate 23 and the filter plate with a side surface.

  The horizontal axis of FIGS. 6 and 7 shows the elapsed time (minutes) after the start of the operation of the dry separation apparatus 100, and the left vertical axis and the right vertical axis are the upper recovered plastic weight (kg) and the upper recovered plastic chlorine concentration (%), respectively. ). Moreover, the several continuous stick | rod in FIG.6 and FIG.7 shows the change of an upper collection | recovery plastic weight (kg), and a broken line shows an upper collection | recovery plastic chlorine concentration (%).

  First, in Example B without vibration shown in FIG. 6, the plastic was recovered from the upper part almost constantly for about 40 minutes, and the upper recovered plastic chlorine concentration was about 1.5% or less on average. However, in Example B, the concentration of the upper recovered plastic chlorine gradually increased with the operation time, and continuous operation became difficult in about 1 hour. Further, the amount of staying plastic on the filter plate 20a after operation for about 60 minutes (operation for about 15 minutes after stopping plastic charging) was 2.5 kg. Here, the upper recovery plastic chlorine concentration is an index for judging whether the separation efficiency is good or bad. The lower the upper recovery plastic chlorine concentration, the better the separation efficiency.

  Next, in Example A with vibration shown in FIG. 7, the plastic is recovered almost constantly from the upper part even after continuous operation for about three hours, and the upper recovered plastic chlorine concentration does not continue to increase and rises. It showed a tendency to repeat the descent, and remained at a low value of about 0.5% or less on average. Further, the amount of staying plastic on the filter plate 20a after operation for about 200 minutes (operation for about 15 minutes after stopping the plastic charging) was 0.1 kg.

  Thus, when Example B without vibration and Example A with vibration are compared, the synergistic effect of the filter plate with a side surface installed in the separation tank and the vibration generator that vibrates it is provided. Thus, both the continuous operation possible time and the separation efficiency of the separation target were effective in Example A in which the filter plate with side surfaces was vibrated.

It is a mimetic diagram showing the dry separation device concerning a 1st embodiment of the present invention. It is a model perspective view which shows the filter board with a side surface and vibration generator of the dry separation apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a model perspective view which shows the filter board with a side surface and vibration generator of the dry-type separation apparatus which concern on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a model perspective view which shows the filter plate with a side surface and vibration generator of the dry separation apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram explaining the vibration state of the filter plate with a side surface of the dry separation apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the separation test result of Example B. It is a figure which shows the separation test result of Example A.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Separation tank 1a Breathable plate 10 Fluidized bed 20a Filter plate 20b Filter side plate 21a Motor 22 Spring 100 Dry separation device

Claims (5)

A fluidized bed is formed by supplying a gas from under the powder and fluidizing the powder,
Injecting the object to be separated into the fluidized bed,
Among the objects to be separated,
Levitating an object having a density lower than the apparent density of the fluidized bed,
Settling an object having a density greater than the apparent density of the fluidized bed;
A dry separation apparatus used for the specific gravity separation method in the fluidized bed for separating both objects,
A separation tank;
Powder supply means for supplying the powder to form the fluidized bed in the separation tank;
A breathable plate formed as a bottom surface of the separation tank for supplying gas to the separation tank;
Powder fluidized gas supply means for supplying gas into the separation tank through the gas permeable plate from below the gas permeable plate,
A plurality of openings having a size that allows at least the powder to pass therethrough are provided, and the bottom surface is lowered as the distance from the position to which the object to be separated is supplied is lowered at a certain distance from the side surface and the bottom surface of the separation tank. and the side with the filter plate which is disposed inside the separation tank Te,
A vibration generator for vibrating the filter plate with side surfaces;
A dry separation apparatus comprising: The vibration generator is
A motor for vibrating the side with filter plate,
The dry separation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the filter plate with a side surface is supported by the separation tank via a spring.   The dry separation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the motor is disposed above the filter plate with the side surface.   The dry separation apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the motor is disposed on both side surfaces of the filter plate with side surfaces.   The dry separation apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the motor is disposed on one side surface of the filter plate with side surfaces.

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