CN112517397A - Sorting method and sorting device - Google Patents

Sorting method and sorting device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112517397A
CN112517397A CN202011236133.0A CN202011236133A CN112517397A CN 112517397 A CN112517397 A CN 112517397A CN 202011236133 A CN202011236133 A CN 202011236133A CN 112517397 A CN112517397 A CN 112517397A
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sorting
bed
air
layer
sorted
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CN112517397B (en
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李太友
梁兴国
王天威
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Tianjin Meiteng Technology Co Ltd
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Tianjin Meiteng Technology Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B7/00—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents
    • B07B7/01—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents using gravity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B11/00—Arrangement of accessories in apparatus for separating solids from solids using gas currents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B11/00—Arrangement of accessories in apparatus for separating solids from solids using gas currents
    • B07B11/02—Arrangement of air or material conditioning accessories
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B11/00—Arrangement of accessories in apparatus for separating solids from solids using gas currents
    • B07B11/06—Feeding or discharging arrangements

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of mineral processing, and discloses a sorting method and a sorting device, which comprise the following steps: the material distribution device sends the materials to be sorted to a sorting bed according to a preset thickness; the vibration device enables the sorting bed to vibrate according to an included angle sigma and amplitude, the vibration direction and the bed surface of the sorting bed form an included angle sigma anticlockwise, the air chamber provides air with the air quantity changing periodically according to a preset period to the sorting bed, the preset period is proportional to the preset thickness, the minimum air quantity of the air is not zero, and under the coupling action of the air and the vibration of the vibration device, lower-layer materials of the materials to be sorted expand and generate gaps; the wind makes the light particles in the lower layer material move upwards, the drag force of the wind makes the upper layer material form a gas-solid fluidized state, the heavy material in the upper layer material settles and stratifies according to the density, and the material to be sorted is divided into a light material layer and a heavy material layer according to the density in the thickness direction; the light material layer is discharged from the light material outlet, the heavy material layer is discharged from the heavy material outlet, and the material sorting effect is good.

Description

Sorting method and sorting device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mineral processing, in particular to a sorting method and a sorting device.
Background
At present, wet separation is generally adopted in a coal separation process, but the wet separation process is complex, water is needed in the separation process, the water treatment cost is high, and in alpine regions, coal products separated by the wet separation process are easy to freeze and difficult to transport. In addition, coal is also slimed during wet separation.
In recent years, the application of the dry coal separation process is more and more extensive, the dry coal separation process usually mainly adopts winnowing equipment, specifically, air is introduced into the bottom of a separation bed to enable materials on the bed surface to be layered in a wind field according to density, but only under the action of wind power, a separation material layer is easy to form a dead bed layer, a fluidized state cannot be formed, and the separation effect of the materials is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sorting method and a sorting device, which can enable materials to be sorted to form a fluidized bed layer and have good sorting effect.
To achieve this object, in one aspect, the present invention provides a sorting method: performed with a sorting apparatus, the sorting apparatus comprising: the device comprises a distributing device, an air chamber, a sorting bed, a vibrating device and a discharge port, wherein the discharge port comprises a heavy material outlet and a light material outlet;
the sorting method comprises the following steps:
s1: the material to be sorted is conveyed to the sorting bed according to the preset thickness through the material distribution device;
s2: enabling the sorting bed to vibrate according to a preset included angle sigma and a preset amplitude through the vibrating device, enabling the vibration direction of the sorting bed and the bed surface of the sorting bed to be in the preset included angle sigma anticlockwise, providing air with the air quantity periodically changing according to a preset period for the sorting bed through the air chamber, enabling the minimum air quantity of the air not to be zero, and enabling the lower-layer material of the material to be sorted to expand and generate a gap under the coupling effect of the air and the vibration of the vibrating device;
the wind passes through the gaps formed after the lower-layer material is expanded, so that the light particles in the lower-layer material can move upwards through the gaps of the heavy particles under the action of wind power, meanwhile, the upper-layer material forms a gas-solid fluidized state under the action of drag force of the wind, the heavy material in the upper-layer material is settled and layered according to density in the gas-solid fluidized state, and finally, the material to be sorted is divided into a light material layer and a heavy material layer according to density in the thickness direction;
the preset period of the wind is proportional to the preset thickness;
s3: the light material layer is discharged from the light material outlet, and the heavy material layer is discharged from the heavy material outlet.
Preferably, the preset period of the wind is T and is obtained by the following formula:
Figure 927674DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
wherein H is the preset thickness, K is the loosening coefficient of the bed layer,
Figure 731682DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
the gravity weakening coefficient is g, and the gravity acceleration is g.
Preferably, the thickness h of the lower layer material is obtained by the following formula: h = kD' + DmaxK represents the proportional coefficient of the thickness of the lower-layer material and the corrected throwing index D', and the value of k is 1.3-2.7, DmaxRepresents the upper limit of the particle size of the material to be sorted, and the corrected throwing index D' is more than 1;
the modified throw index D' is obtained by the following formula:
Figure 195025DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
where ω denotes the angular frequency of the vibrating device, λ denotes the amplitude of the vibrating device, α denotes the inclination of the bed,
Figure 867315DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
the gravity weakening coefficient is g, and the gravity acceleration is g.
Preferably, the preset thickness is more than 20 times of the lower limit of the particle size of the material to be sorted and is less than 7 times of the upper limit of the particle size of the material to be sorted.
Preferably, the ratio of the upper limit to the lower limit of the particle size of the material to be sorted is not more than 5.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a sorting apparatus, including:
a material distribution device;
the top of the air chamber is opened, the air chamber can provide air with periodically changed air quantity, and the minimum air quantity of the air is not zero;
the separation bed is arranged at an opening at the top of the air chamber, and the wind energy in the air chamber is blown to the bed surface of the separation bed;
the feeding port is arranged on one side of the sorting bed and is communicated with the distributing device;
the discharge port is arranged on the other side of the sorting bed and comprises a heavy material outlet and a light material outlet;
the vibrating device is arranged on the sorting bed, an included angle sigma is formed between the vibrating direction of the vibrating device and the bed surface anticlockwise, and the included angle sigma is 25-55 degrees.
Preferably, the air chamber is provided with an air inlet, the air inlet is provided with a rotary air plate, the rotary air plate is provided with a vent, and the rotary air plate rotates periodically.
Preferably, an included angle alpha is formed between the bed surface and the horizontal plane, so that the feeding end of the bed surface is higher than the discharging end, and the included angle alpha is 0-22 degrees.
Preferably, the separator plate is arranged between the heavy material outlet and the light material outlet.
Preferably, the separator further comprises a dust removing air chamber, the dust removing air chamber is arranged above the separation bed, and a dust removing opening is formed in the top of the dust removing air chamber.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the sorting method and the sorting device provided by the invention, the air with periodically changed air volume is provided through the air chamber, the minimum air volume of the air is not zero, the vibration with certain angle and amplitude is provided through the vibration device, the bed layer carries out periodic expansion and contraction movement under the coupling action of the air and the vibration of the vibration device, the materials to be sorted are promoted to be layered according to density, the light materials in the lower-layer materials of the materials to be sorted on the sorting bed move upwards, the heavy materials in the upper-layer materials of the materials to be sorted on the sorting bed move downwards and are divided into the light material layer and the heavy material layer according to density, the materials can be fully layered according to density, and the sorting effect of the materials is good. In addition, because the minimum amount of wind is not zero, the materials to be sorted on the sorting bed can always form an effective fluidized bed layer, so that the materials to be sorted are always in a fluidized state, and the sorting effect is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a sorting apparatus according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. an air chamber; 11. an air inlet; 12. rotating the closing plate; 121. a vent; 2. a sorting bed; 21. a bed surface; 211. air equalizing holes; 3. a feeding port; 4. a discharge port; 41. a heavy material outlet; 42. a light material outlet; 43. a partition plate; 5. a dust removal air chamber; 51. a dust removal port.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not all of the structures.
In the description of the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning permanently connected, removably connected, or integral to one another; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description of the present embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", etc. are used in an orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings only for convenience of description and simplicity of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive purposes and are not intended to have a special meaning.
The sorting method and the sorting device provided by the invention are used for sorting materials, particularly for sorting coal in a light and heavy manner, and can enable the materials to be sorted to form a fluidized bed layer, so that the sorting effect of the materials is good. The above-mentioned sorting method and sorting apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the sorting apparatus provided in this embodiment includes a material distribution device, a plenum 1, a sorting bed 2, a material inlet 3, a material outlet 4, and a vibration device. The material distributing device is used for conveying materials to be sorted to the sorting bed 2 according to a preset thickness; the air chamber 1 is used for providing air for the sorting bed 2, the air volume of the air changes periodically, the minimum air volume of the air is not zero, and the top of the air chamber 1 is open; the sorting bed 2 is arranged at the opening at the top of the air chamber 1 and is used for forming a bed layer for the materials to be sorted so as to realize the layering of the materials to be sorted according to the density; the feeding port 3 is arranged at one side of the sorting bed 2, is communicated with the distributing device and is used for adding materials to be sorted; the discharge port 4 is arranged at the other side of the sorting bed 2, and the discharge port 4 comprises a heavy material outlet 41 and a light material outlet 42 which are used for discharging the heavy material layer and the light material layer which are layered according to the density from the corresponding discharge ports 4; the vibrating device is arranged on the sorting bed 2, and the vibrating direction of the vibrating device and the bed surface 21 of the sorting bed 2 form an included angle sigma anticlockwise, so that the bed surface 21 vibrates upwards along the discharging direction, and materials to be sorted are promoted to be layered according to density.
When the sorting device works, materials to be sorted are conveyed to the bed surface 21 of the sorting bed 2 from the feeding port 3 according to the preset thickness by the material distribution device, air in the air chamber 1 is blown to the bed surface 21 of the sorting bed 2, the sorting bed 2 is vibrated by the vibration device, the light materials in the lower-layer materials of the materials to be sorted move upwards under the coupling action of the air and the vibration, the heavy materials in the upper-layer materials of the materials to be sorted move downwards and are divided into a light material layer and a heavy material layer according to the density, then the heavy material layer is discharged from the heavy material outlet 41, and the light material layer is discharged from the light material outlet 42, so that the sorting of the materials is completed.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the air chamber 1 is provided with an air inlet 11, the air inlet 11 is provided with a rotating air plate 12, the rotating air plate 12 is provided with a vent 121, and the rotating air plate 12 rotates periodically. The rotary air plate 12 provided with the ventilation opening 121 can provide air with periodically changed air quantity for the sorting bed 2, and the minimum air quantity of the air is not zero. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, when the plate surface of the rotating air plate 12 rotates to be parallel to the axis of the air inlet 11, the air quantity supplied to the sorting bed 2 is the largest, and when the plate surface of the rotating air plate 12 rotates to be perpendicular to the axis of the air inlet 11, the air quantity supplied to the sorting bed 2 is the smallest, and the smallest air quantity is related to the equivalent area of the vent hole of the rotating air plate 12.
In the embodiment, the wind energy with the periodically alternating wind volume enables the bed layer formed by the materials to be sorted to perform periodic expansion and contraction movement in the alternating wind field, and the materials to be sorted are favorably layered according to the density. Specifically, when the air volume in the wind field is converted from low air volume to high air volume, the bed layer expands, and the gaps among the material particles are larger than the diameters of the material particles, the light material penetrates through the gaps among the material particles under the action of the wind force and moves to the top of the bed layer; when the air volume in the wind field is converted from high air volume to low air volume, the bed layer shrinks, at the moment, the wind power firstly drops to the point that the heavy materials cannot be supported, and the heavy materials firstly sink through the gaps of the material particles. Therefore, the air with the alternating air quantity periods promotes the materials to be layered according to the density, and the sorting effect of the materials is improved.
As a preferable technical solution, the rotation period T of the rotating air plate 12 (i.e. the variation period T of the air) is twice the falling time of the material bed layer after expanding to the highest point, which is because the air volume can be varied from large to small by rotating the rotating air plate 12 by 180 degrees, and it can be ensured that the rotating air plate 12 rotates to the position with the maximum air volume when the material bed layer falls from the highest point to the lowest point. In particular, the period of rotation
Figure 99713DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Wherein H is the preset thickness of the bed layer, K is the loosening coefficient of the bed layer,
Figure 464835DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
the gravity weakening coefficient is g, the gravity acceleration is g, the preset thickness H of the bed layer can be taken according to the actual sorting condition, the loosening coefficient K of the bed layer can be 1.2-1.5, and the gravity weakening coefficient
Figure 149894DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Can be 0.1-0.9, and the gravity acceleration can be 9.8m/s2。
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, an included angle α is formed between the bed surface 21 and the horizontal plane, so that the feeding end of the bed surface 21 is higher than the discharging end, which is convenient for discharging the material, especially the heavy material layer, from the discharging port 4. Preferably, the bed surface 21 is provided with the air equalizing holes 211, so that air from the air chamber 1 can be uniformly blown out of the whole bed surface 21, and uneven material sorting effect caused by dead corners or local overlarge air volume is avoided.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the separation device of this embodiment further includes a partition plate 43, and the partition plate 43 is disposed between the heavy material outlet 41 and the light material outlet 42, so as to facilitate the separation of the heavy material layer and the light material layer.
As a preferable technical solution, as shown in fig. 1, the sorting device of this embodiment further includes a dust-removing air chamber 5, the dust-removing air chamber 5 is disposed above the sorting bed 2, a dust-removing opening 51 is disposed at the top of the dust-removing air chamber 5, and in the process that the material forms a bed layer under the action of the alternating wind field, the foreign dust mixed in the material is blown to the dust-removing opening 51 and discharged, so that the foreign dust can be prevented from being directly blown to the air to cause environmental pollution.
In the embodiment, under the action of the alternating wind field, the materials to be sorted are layered according to the density, and meanwhile, the vibration device enables the lower-layer materials to be subjected to throwing motion, so that the bed layer is greatly activated, and the floating of the light materials in the lower-layer materials is accelerated. In the sorting process, the light materials are suspended by the projectile force generated by the materials to be sorted and the alternating wind field of the vibrating device, and then the light materials are matched with the inclination angle of the bed surface 21 (namely, the included angle alpha is formed between the bed surface 21 and the horizontal plane), so that the materials to be sorted can run at different speeds on different bed heights, and the sorting effect of the materials is favorably improved. In particular, the speed of movement of the material to be sorted
Figure 766820DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Where ω is the angular frequency of the vibrating device and λ is the amplitude of the vibrating device.
In this embodiment, the thickness h of the lower layer material is obtained by the following formula: h = kD' + DmaxK represents the proportional coefficient of the thickness of the lower-layer material and the corrected throwing index D', and the value of k is 1.3-2.7, DmaxRepresenting the upper limit of the particle size of the material to be sorted. In order to expand, i.e. to cast, the underlying material, the modified throwing index D' is greater than 1, in particular
Figure 712780DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
。
Illustratively, the value range of the included angle alpha can be 0-22 degrees, the value of the included angle sigma can be 25-55 degrees, the value of the amplitude lambda can be 2-6mm, the value of the frequency omega can be 4-16Hz, through the values, the material to be sorted has the movement speed of 0.1-0.6m/s, and the corrected throwing index D' is larger than 1, so that a better material sorting effect can be achieved.
The sorting method provided by the embodiment is implemented by adopting the sorting device, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: the materials to be sorted are sent to the sorting bed 2 according to the preset thickness by the distributing device.
In the step, the material to be sorted is sent to the bed surface 21 of the sorting bed 2 from the feeding port 3 according to the preset thickness by the distributing device. Further, the ratio of the upper limit to the lower limit of the particle size of the material to be sorted is not more than 5, when the ratio of the upper limit to the lower limit of the particle size is more than 5, if the air blowing amount to the sorting bed 2 is too large, the material to be sorted with smaller particle size cannot form a fluidized bed layer, and if the air blowing amount to the sorting bed 2 is too small, the material to be sorted with larger particle size cannot form a fluidized bed layer, so that the ratio of the upper limit to the lower limit of the particle size of the material to be sorted is not more than 5, the size of the air blowing amount can be controlled more easily, the material to be sorted forms a fluidized bed layer. Illustratively, the particle size range for which the method of this embodiment is suitable may be from 10 to 50mm, and may also be from 6 to 25 mm. Furthermore, in order to better form a fluidized bed layer on the materials to be sorted and improve the sorting effect, the preset thickness of the materials to be sorted is more than 20 times of the lower limit of the particle size of the materials to be sorted and is less than 7 times of the upper limit of the particle size of the materials to be sorted.
S2: the sorting bed 2 is vibrated according to a preset included angle sigma and a preset amplitude through the vibrating device, the vibrating direction of the sorting bed 2 and the bed surface 21 of the sorting bed 2 form the preset included angle sigma anticlockwise, air with the air volume changing periodically according to a preset period is supplied to the sorting bed 2 through the air chamber 1, the minimum air volume of the air is not zero, and under the coupling action of the air and the vibrating device, the lower-layer materials of the materials to be sorted are expanded and gaps are generated.
The air passes through the gaps formed by the expansion of the lower layer material, so that the light particles in the lower layer material can move upwards through the gaps of the heavy particles under the action of wind power, meanwhile, the upper layer material forms a gas-solid fluidized state under the action of drag force of the air, the heavy material in the upper layer material is settled and layered according to density in the gas-solid fluidized state, and finally, the material to be separated is separated into a light material layer and a heavy material layer according to density in the thickness direction.
The preset period of the wind is proportional to the preset thickness, and specifically, the preset period T of the wind is obtained by the following formula:
Figure 389749DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
。
in the step, the wind speed is less than or equal to the maximum wind speed of the fluidization of the upper-layer materials, so that the problem that the upper-layer materials cannot form an effective fluidized bed layer due to overlarge wind speed can be avoided. Further, the apparent wind speed of the wind can be set according to the average density value of the materials to be sorted, and particularly, when the sorting density value of the materials to be sorted is 1.5g/cm3-1.8g/cm3When the apparent wind speed is 1.7-2.6m/s, the sorting density value of the material to be sorted is 1.8g/cm3-2.1g/cm3The apparent wind speed is 2.6-3.9 m/s. It will be appreciated that the thickness of the upper layer material in this step is the thickness of the material to be sorted minus the thickness of the lower layer material.
S3: the light material layer is discharged from the light material outlet 42 and the heavy material layer is discharged from the heavy material outlet 41.
In this embodiment, the sorting method of the present application is further described by the following parameters.
Illustratively, the material to be sorted is a coal gangue mixture, wherein the content of gangue is 20%, when the particle size of the material to be sorted is 10-50mm, the preset thickness of the fed material is controlled to be 300 +/-10 mm by a material distribution device, the loosening coefficient K is 1.5, and the gravity weakening coefficient
Figure 562104DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Taking 0.3, calculating a preset period T of wind to be 0.63s by a formula, taking the included angle alpha to be 0 degrees, taking the included angle sigma to be 45 degrees, taking the amplitude lambda to be 3mm, taking the frequency omega to be 10Hz, calculating the motion speed V of the material to be sorted to be 126.56mm/s by the formula, calculating the corrected throwing index D' of the material to be sorted to be 2.83 by the formula, taking the k to be 2.7, and calculating the DmaxThe thickness of the dead bed layer of the material to be sorted is usually the upper limit of the particle size of the material to be sorted, i.e. it cannot be blown by windAnd in the blown bed layer, the thickness h of the lower layer material is the total thickness of the dead bed layer of the materials to be sorted after vibration and upward expansion. By setting the parameters, the gangue percentage in the coal discharged from the light material outlet 42 is less than 3 percent and the gangue percentage in the coal discharged from the heavy material outlet 41 is less than 3 percent through the separation of the separation device
Illustratively, the material to be sorted is a coal gangue mixture, wherein the content of gangue is 30%, when the particle size of the material to be sorted is 6-25mm, the preset thickness of the fed material is controlled to be 150 +/-6 mm by a material distribution device, the loosening coefficient K is 1.2, and the gravity weakening coefficient
Figure 576196DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Taking 0.3, calculating a preset period T of wind to be 0.28s by a formula, taking the included angle alpha to be 0 degrees, taking the included angle sigma to be 55 degrees, taking the amplitude lambda to be 4mm, taking the frequency omega to be 8Hz, calculating the motion speed V of the material to be sorted to be 109.51mm/s by the formula, calculating the corrected throwing index D' of the material to be sorted to be 2.8 by the formula, taking the k to be 1.3, and calculating DmaxThe thickness h of the lower layer material is the total thickness of the dead bed layer of the material to be sorted after vibration after the dead bed layer of the material to be sorted expands upwards. By setting the parameters, the gangue carrying rate in the coal discharged from the light material outlet 42 is less than 5% and the gangue carrying rate in the coal discharged from the heavy material outlet 41 is less than 3% through the separation of the separation device.
It can be seen from the foregoing embodiments that, in the sorting method and the sorting apparatus provided in this embodiment, the air chamber 1 supplies air with periodically changing air volume, and the minimum air volume of the air is not zero, the vibration device provides vibration with a certain angle and amplitude, the bed layer performs periodic expansion and contraction motion under the coupling action of the vibration of the air and the vibration device, so as to promote the materials to be sorted to be layered according to density, the light materials in the lower materials of the materials to be sorted on the sorting bed 2 move upward, and the heavy materials in the upper materials of the materials to be sorted on the sorting bed 2 move downward, and are divided into the light material layer and the heavy material layer according to density, so that the materials can be fully layered according to density, and the sorting effect of the materials is good. In addition, because the minimum amount of wind is not zero, the material to be sorted on the sorting bed 2 can always form an effective fluidized bed layer, so that the material to be sorted is always in a fluidized state, and the sorting effect is improved.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Numerous obvious variations, adaptations and substitutions will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A sorting method, characterized by being performed with a sorting apparatus comprising: the device comprises a distributing device, an air chamber (1), a sorting bed (2), a vibrating device and a discharge port (4), wherein the discharge port (4) comprises a heavy material outlet (41) and a light material outlet (42);
the sorting method comprises the following steps:
s1: the materials to be sorted are sent to the sorting bed (2) according to the preset thickness through the material distribution device;
s2: enabling the sorting bed (2) to vibrate according to a preset included angle sigma and a preset amplitude through the vibrating device, enabling the vibration direction of the sorting bed (2) and the bed surface (21) of the sorting bed (2) to be anticlockwise at the preset included angle sigma, providing air with the air quantity periodically changing according to a preset period through the air chamber (1) for the sorting bed (2), wherein the minimum air quantity of the air is not zero, and enabling the lower-layer materials of the materials to be sorted to expand and generate gaps under the coupling action of the air and the vibration of the vibrating device;
the wind passes through the gaps formed after the lower-layer material is expanded, so that the light particles in the lower-layer material can move upwards through the gaps of the heavy particles under the action of wind power, meanwhile, the upper-layer material forms a gas-solid fluidized state under the action of drag force of the wind, the heavy material in the upper-layer material is settled and layered according to density in the gas-solid fluidized state, and finally, the material to be sorted is divided into a light material layer and a heavy material layer according to density in the thickness direction;
the preset period of the wind is proportional to the preset thickness;
s3: the light material layer is discharged from the light material outlet (42), and the heavy material layer is discharged from the heavy material outlet (41).
2. A sorting method according to claim 1, characterised in that said preset period of wind, T, is obtained by the following formula:
Figure 876784DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
wherein H is the preset thickness, K is the loosening coefficient of the bed layer,
Figure 849288DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
the gravity weakening coefficient is g, and the gravity acceleration is g.
3. A sorting method according to claim 1, characterised in that the thickness h of the lower layer of material is obtained by the formula: h = kD' + DmaxK represents the proportional coefficient of the thickness of the lower-layer material and the corrected throwing index D', and the value of k is 1.3-2.7, DmaxRepresents the upper limit of the particle size of the material to be sorted, and the corrected throwing index D' is more than 1;
the modified throw index D' is obtained by the following formula:
Figure 243361DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
where ω denotes the angular frequency of the vibrating device, λ denotes the amplitude of the vibrating device, α denotes the inclination of the bed,
Figure 202089DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
is coefficient of gravity weakeningAnd g is the acceleration of gravity.
4. A sorting method according to claim 1, characterised in that the predetermined thickness is greater than 20 times the lower limit of the particle size of the material to be sorted and less than 7 times the upper limit of the particle size of the material to be sorted.
5. A sorting method according to claim 1, characterised in that the ratio of the upper and lower particle size limits of the material to be sorted is not more than 5.
6. A sorting apparatus, comprising:
a material distribution device;
the air chamber (1) is provided with an opening at the top, the air chamber (1) can provide air with periodically changed air volume, and the minimum air volume of the air is not zero;
the sorting bed (2) is arranged at the opening at the top of the air chamber (1), and the wind energy in the air chamber (1) is blown to a bed surface (21) of the sorting bed (2);
the feeding port (3) is arranged on one side of the sorting bed (2) and communicated with the distributing device;
the discharge port (4) is arranged on the other side of the sorting bed (2), and the discharge port (4) comprises a heavy material outlet (41) and a light material outlet (42);
the vibrating device is arranged on the sorting bed (2), an included angle sigma is formed between the vibrating direction of the vibrating device and the bed surface (21) in the anticlockwise direction, and the included angle sigma is 25-55 degrees.
7. Sorting device according to claim 6, characterised in that the wind chamber (1) is provided with a wind inlet (11), that the wind inlet (11) is provided with a rotating air plate (12), that the rotating air plate (12) is provided with a ventilation opening (121), and that the rotating air plate (12) is periodically rotated.
8. The sorting device according to claim 6, wherein an included angle α is formed between the bed surface (21) and a horizontal plane, so that a feeding end of the bed surface (21) is higher than a discharging end, and the included angle α has a value of 0-22 °.
9. The sorting device according to claim 6, further comprising a partition plate (43), the partition plate (43) being provided between the heavy material outlet (41) and the light material outlet (42).
10. The sorting device according to claim 6, further comprising a dust removal plenum (5), the dust removal plenum (5) being disposed above the sorting bed (2), the top of the dust removal plenum (5) being provided with a dust removal port (51).
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