JP6227624B2 - ポリウレタン硬質フォームおよびポリイソシアヌレート硬質フォームを製造するための方法 - Google Patents
ポリウレタン硬質フォームおよびポリイソシアヌレート硬質フォームを製造するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6227624B2 JP6227624B2 JP2015500883A JP2015500883A JP6227624B2 JP 6227624 B2 JP6227624 B2 JP 6227624B2 JP 2015500883 A JP2015500883 A JP 2015500883A JP 2015500883 A JP2015500883 A JP 2015500883A JP 6227624 B2 JP6227624 B2 JP 6227624B2
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- CWBIFDGMOSWLRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimagnesium;hydroxy(trioxido)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].O[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].O[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] CWBIFDGMOSWLRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DHNUXDYAOVSGII-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(1,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate Chemical compound ClCCC(Cl)OP(=O)(OC(Cl)CCCl)OC(Cl)CCCl DHNUXDYAOVSGII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
A)少なくとも1種のポリイソシアネート、
B)b1)b11)ジカルボン酸組成物に対して50〜100モル%の1種もしくは複数の芳香族ジカルボン酸またはその誘導体、
b12)ジカルボン酸組成物b1)に対して0〜50モル%の1種もしくは複数の脂肪族ジカルボン酸またはその誘導体
を含む10〜70モル%のジカルボン酸組成物、
b2)2〜30モル%の1種もしくは複数の脂肪酸および/または脂肪酸誘導体、
b3)10〜70モル%の1種もしくは複数の、2〜18個の炭素原子を有する脂肪族もしくは脂環式ジオールまたはそのアルコキシレート、
b4)触媒としてのアミンの存在下で2以上の官能価(官能基数、functionality)を有するポリオールをアルコキシ化することによって調製(製造)される、2以上の官能価を有する2〜50モル%のポリエーテルポリオール、
(全て成分b1)〜b4)の合計量に対するものであり、前記成分b1)〜b4)の合計は100モル%である)、
のエステル化によって得られる少なくとも1種のポリエーテルエステルポリオール、
C)任意選択で成分B)のもの以外のさらなるポリエステルポリオール、
D)少なくとも1種のポリエーテルポリオール、および
E)任意選択で難燃剤、
F)1種または複数の発泡剤、
G)触媒、および
H)任意選択でさらなる助剤または混合剤
の反応を含み、成分B)および任意選択でC)の合計の、成分D)に対する質量比は少なくとも7である、硬質ポリウレタンフォームまたは硬質ポリイソシアヌレートフォームを製造するための方法によって達成される。
本開示において、用語「ポリエステルポリオール」および「ポリエステロール」は、用語「ポリエーテルポリオール」および「ポリエーテルオール」と同様に区別なく用いられる。
本発明におけるポリイソシアネートは、1分子当り2個以上の反応性イソシアネート基を含む、すなわち、官能価が2以上の有機化合物である。使用したポリイソシアネートまたは2種以上のポリイソシアネートの混合物が単一官能価を有していない場合、使用した成分A)の数加重平均官能価は、2以上になるはずである。
i) トリレンジイソシアネート(TDI)系の多官能性イソシアネート、とりわけ2,4−TDIまたは2,6−TDIまたは2,4−および2,6−TDIの混合物;
ii) ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート(MDI)系の多官能性イソシアネート、とりわけ2,2’−MDIまたは2,4’−MDIまたは4,4’−MDIまたはオリゴマー状MDI、別名ポリフェニルポリメチレンイソシアネート、または2つもしくは3つの前述のジフェニルメタンジイソシアネートの混合物、またはMDIの製造時に得られる粗製MDI、または少なくとも1種のMDIのオリゴマーと少なくとも1種の前述の低分子量MDI誘導体の混合物;
iii) 実施形態i)のような少なくとも1種の芳香族イソシアネートと実施形態ii)のような少なくとも1種の芳香族イソシアネートの混合物。
適当なポリエステルポリオールC)は、ポリエーテルエステルポリオールB)とは異なり、例えば、2〜12個の炭素原子を有する有機ジカルボン酸、好ましくは芳香族のもの、または2〜12個の炭素原子、好ましくは2〜6個の炭素原子を有する、芳香族および脂肪族ジカルボン酸と多価アルコール、好ましくはジオールの混合物から生成することができる。
本発明によって、成分D)として、1種または複数のポリエーテルポリオールD)を使用している。ポリエーテルオールD)は、既知の方法によって、例えば、結合した形態で2〜8個、好ましくは2〜6個の反応性水素原子を含む少なくとも1種のスターター分子を用いた、アルカリ金属水酸化物、例えば、ナトリウムまたは水酸化カリウム、またはアルカリ金属アルコキシド、例えば、ナトリウムメトキシド、ナトリウムもしくはカリウムエトキシドもしくはカリウムイソプロポキシド、またはアミンアルコキシ化触媒(aminic alkoxylation catalyst)、例えばジメチルエタノールアミン(DMEOA)、イミダゾールおよび/またはイミダゾール誘導体を使用した、2〜4個の炭素原子を有する1種または複数の酸化アルキレンのアニオン重合によって、あるいはルイス酸、例えば、五塩化アンチモン、フッ化ホウ素エーテラート、または漂白土を使用したカチオン重合によって、生成することができる。
難燃剤E)のように、先行技術から知られている難燃剤を使用することが一般に可能である。適当な難燃剤は、例えば、臭素化エステル、臭素化エーテル(Ixol)または臭素化アルコール、例えばジブロモネオペンチルアルコール、トリブロモネオペンチルアルコールおよびPHT−4−ジオール、さらに塩素化リン酸エステル、例えばリン酸トリス(2−クロロエチル)、リン酸トリス(2−クロロプロピル)(TCPP)、リン酸トリス(1,3−ジクロロプロピル)、リン酸トリクレジル、リン酸トリス(2,3−ジブロモプロピル)、テトラキス(2−クロロエチル)エチレン二リン酸、メタンホスホン酸ジメチル、ジエタノールアミノメチルホスホン酸ジエチル、さらに商用ハロゲン含有難燃性ポリオールである。さらなるリン酸エステルまたはホスホン酸エステルによって、エタンホスホン酸ジエチル(DEEP)、リン酸トリエチル(TEP)、プロピルホスホン酸ジメチル(DMPP)またはリン酸ジフェニルクレジル(DPK)を液体難燃剤として使用することが可能である。
硬質ポリウレタンフォームを製造するために使用する発泡剤F)は、水、ギ酸およびそれらの混合物を含むことが好ましい。これらは、イソシアネート基と反応して二酸化炭素を形成し、ギ酸の場合は、二酸化炭素および一酸化炭素を形成する。これらの発泡剤は、イソシアネート基との化学反応によってガスを放出するので、化学発泡剤と呼ばれる。その上、低沸点炭化水素などの物理発泡剤を使用してもよい。特に適当なものは、ポリイソシアネートA)に対して不活性であり、発熱重付加反応の条件下で蒸発するように沸点が大気圧で100℃未満、好ましくは50℃未満の液体である。好ましくは使用できるこのような液体の例は、アルカン、例えばヘプタン、ヘキサン、n−ペンタンおよびイソペンタン、好ましくはn−ペンタンおよびイソペンタン、n−ブタンおよびイソブタンおよびプロパンの工業用混合物、シクロアルカン、例えばシクロペンタンおよび/またはシクロヘキサン、エーテル、例えばフラン、ジメチルエーテルおよびジエチルエーテル、ケトン、例えばアセトンおよびメチルエチルケトン、アルキルカルボキシレート、例えばギ酸メチル、シュウ酸ジメチルおよび酢酸エチル、およびハロゲン化炭化水素、例えば塩化メチレン、ジクロロモノフルオロメタン、ジフルオロメタン、トリフルオロメタン、ジフルオロエタン、テトラフルオロエタン、クロロジフルオロエタン、1,1−ジクロロ−2,2,2−トリフルオロエタン、2,2−ジクロロ−2−フルオロエタンおよびヘプタフルオロプロパンである。これらの低沸点液体のお互いのおよび/または他の置換または非置換の炭化水素との混合物も使用することができる。有機カルボン酸、例えばギ酸、酢酸、シュウ酸、リシノール酸およびカルボキシル含有化合物も適している。
硬質ポリウレタンフォームを生成するために使用する触媒G)は特に、反応性水素原子、とりわけヒドロキシル基を含む成分B)からH)化合物とポリイソシアネートA)との反応を実質的に加速する化合物である。
さらなる助剤および/または混合剤H)は、硬質ポリウレタンフォームを製造するために任意選択で反応混合物に加えることができる。例えば、表面活性物質、フォーム安定剤、気泡調節剤、充填剤、染料、顔料、加水分解阻害剤、静真菌および静菌物質を挙げることができる。
10〜90質量%のポリエーテルエステルポリオールB)、
0〜60質量%のさらなるポリエステルポリオールC)、
0.1〜11質量%のポリエーテルポリオールD)、
2〜50質量%の難燃剤E)、
1〜45質量%の発泡剤F)、
0.5〜10質量%の触媒G)、および
0.5〜20質量%のさらなる助剤および混合剤H)
を含むポリオール成分をさらに提供し、全ては前記で定義しており、全て成分B)〜H)の全質量に対するものであり、質量%は合計が100質量%であり、成分B)およびC)の合計の、成分D)に対する質量比は少なくとも7である。
50〜90質量%のポリエーテルエステルポリオールB)、
0〜20質量%のさらなるポリエステルポリオールC)、
2〜9質量%のポリエーテルポリオールD)、
5〜30質量%の難燃剤E)、
1〜30質量%の発泡剤F)、
0.5〜10質量%の触媒G)、および
0.5〜20質量%のさらなる助剤および混合剤H)
を含むことが特に好ましく、全ては前記で定義しており、全て成分B)〜H)の全質量に対するものであり、質量%は合計が100質量%であり、成分B)およびC)の合計の、成分D)に対する質量比は少なくとも7.5である。
発泡後のエレメントの厚さを決定することによって寸法安定性を決定する。それには、外層材として0.05mm厚のアルミニウム箔を含むサンドイッチエレメントを二重ベルト法で作製し、作製の5分後にエレメントの中央でエレメント厚を決定する。このように決定したエレメント厚が設定したエレメント厚(この場合170mm)により近い程、寸法安定性がより優れている。
硬質ポリウレタンフォーム(変異体1)の製造
イソシアネートおよびさらにイソシアネート反応性成分を、一定のポリオール成分:イソシアネート混合比100:160で発泡剤、触媒および全てのさらなる混合剤と一緒に泡立てた。
65質量部の 本発明実施例または比較例の通りのポリエステロール、
8質量部の ヒドロキシル官能価が2およびヒドロキシル価が190mgKOH/gのエトキシ化エチレングリコールからのポリエーテルオール、
25質量部の 難燃剤としてのリン酸トリスクロロイソプロピル(TCPP)、
2.0質量部の Tegostab B8443(シリコーン含有)安定剤。
約8質量部の S 80:20ペンタン(80質量%n−ペンタンおよび20質量%イソペンタンからなる)、
1.6質量部の ギ酸溶液(水中85質量%)、
1.6質量部の ギ酸カリウム溶液(エチレングリコール中36質量%)、
付加物 繊維時間(fiber times)を調節するためのビス(2−ジメチルアミノエチル)エーテル溶液(ジプロピレングリコール中70質量%)。
160質量部のLupranat(登録商標)M50(BASF SE製の25℃における粘性が約500mPa*sのポリマー状メチレン(ジフェニルジイソシアネート)(PMDI))。
Claims (20)
- 硬質ポリウレタンフォームまたは硬質ポリイソシアヌレートフォームを製造するための方法であって、
A)少なくとも1種のポリイソシアネート、
B)b1)b11)ジカルボン酸組成物に対して50〜100モル%の1種もしくは複数の芳香族ジカルボン酸またはその誘導体、
b12)ジカルボン酸組成物b1)に対して0〜50モル%の1種もしくは複数の脂肪族ジカルボン酸またはその誘導体
を含む10〜70モル%のジカルボン酸組成物、
b2)2〜30モル%の1種もしくは複数の脂肪酸および/または脂肪酸誘導体、
b3)10〜70モル%の1種もしくは複数の、2〜18個の炭素原子を有する脂肪族もしくは脂環式ジオールまたはそのアルコキシレート、
b4)触媒としてのアミンの存在下で2以上の官能価を有するポリオールをアルコキシ化することによって生成される、2以上の官能価を有する2〜50モル%のポリエーテルポリオールであって、アミンアルコキシ化触媒がポリエーテロールb4)内に残留する、ポリエーテルポリオール、
(全て成分b1)〜b4)の合計量に対するものであり、前記成分b1)〜b4)の合計は100モル%である)、
のエステル化によって得られる少なくとも1種のポリエーテルエステルポリオール、
C)任意選択で成分B)のもの以外のさらなるポリエステルポリオール、
D)少なくとも1種のポリエーテルポリオール、および
E)任意選択で難燃剤、
F)1種または複数の発泡剤、
G)触媒、および
H)任意選択でさらなる助剤または混合剤
を反応させる工程を含み、成分B)および任意のC)の合計の、成分D)に対する質量比は少なくとも7であり、
前記アミンアルコキシ化触媒が、ジメチルエタノールアミン、イミダゾール及びイミダゾール誘導体ならびにこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、方法。 - ポリエーテルエステルポリオールB)のさらなるポリエステルポリオールC)に対する質量比が少なくとも0.1である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- さらなるポリエステルポリオールC)を利用しない、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 成分B)およびC)の合計の、成分D)に対する質量比が、80未満である、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリエーテルポリオールb4)の官能価が>2である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリエーテルポリオールb4)が、ソルビトール、ペンタエリトリトール、トリメチロールプロパン、グリセロール、ポリグリセロールおよびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択されるポリオールのアルコキシ化によって生成される、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリエーテルポリオールb4)が、酸化エチレンとのアルコキシ化によって生成される、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記成分b11)が、テレフタル酸、ジメチルテレフタレート、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、フタル酸、無水フタル酸およびイソフタル酸からなる群から選択される1種または複数の化合物を含む、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ジカルボン酸組成物b1)が、脂肪族ジカルボン酸b12)を含まない、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記脂肪酸または脂肪酸誘導体b2)が、ヒマシ油、ポリヒドロキシ脂肪酸、リシノール酸、ヒドロキシル変性油、ブドウ種油、ブラッククミン油、カボチャ核種油、ルリヂサ種子油、大豆油、麦芽油、菜種油、ヒマワリ種子油、落花生油、杏仁油、ピスタチオ油、扁桃油、オリーブ油、マカダミアナッツ油、アボカド油、シーバックソーン油、ゴマ油、ヘンプ油、ヘーゼルナッツ油、サクラソウ油、野バラ油、ベニバナ油、クルミ油、ならびにミリストレイン酸、パルミトレイン酸、オレイン酸、バクセン酸、ペトロセリン酸、ガドレイン酸、エルカ酸、ネルボン酸、リノール酸、α−およびγ−リノレン酸、ステアリドン酸、アラキドン酸、ティムノドン酸、クルパノドン酸およびセルボン酸を原料とする脂肪酸、ヒドロキシル変性脂肪酸および脂肪酸エステルからなる群から選択される、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記脂肪酸または脂肪酸誘導体b2)が、オレイン酸およびオレイン酸メチルからなる群から選択される、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記脂肪族または脂環式ジオールb3)が、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、1,3−プロパンジオール、1,4−ブタンジオール、1,5−ペンタンジオール、1,6−ヘキサンジオール、2−メチル−1,3−プロパンジオールおよび3−メチル−1,5−ペンタンジオールならびにそれらのアルコキシレートからなる群から選択される、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリエーテルオール成分D)が、ポリオキシプロピレンポリオールおよび/またはポリオキシエチレンポリオールからなる、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリエーテルオール成分D)が、ポリエチレングリコールから独占的になり、さらなるポリエーテルオールを含まない、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記難燃剤E)がイソシアネート反応性基を含まない、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記発泡剤F)が、化学および物理発泡剤を含み、化学発泡剤が、水、ギ酸−水混合物およびギ酸の群から選択され、物理発泡剤が1種または複数のペンタン異性体からなる、請求項1〜15のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載の方法から得られる硬質ポリウレタンまたはポリイソシアヌレートフォーム。
- 硬質または軟質外層を有するサンドイッチエレメントを製造するための、請求項17に記載の硬質ポリウレタンまたはポリイソシアヌレートフォームの使用方法。
- 硬質ポリウレタンフォームを製造するためのポリオール成分であって、
10〜90質量%のポリエーテルエステルポリオールB)、
0〜60質量%のさらなるポリエステルポリオールC)、
0.1〜11質量%のポリエーテルポリオールD)、
2〜50質量%の難燃剤E)、
1〜45質量%の発泡剤F)、
0.5〜10質量%の触媒G)、
0.5〜20質量%のさらなる助剤および混合剤H)
を含み、
前記成分B)〜H)は請求項1〜16のいずれか1項に記載のものであって、全て成分B)〜H)の全質量に対する質量であり、質量%は合計が100質量%であり、成分B)および任意のC)の合計の、成分D)に対する質量比は少なくとも7である、ポリオール成分。 - 成分B)およびC)の合計の、成分D)に対する質量比が、80未満である、請求項19に記載のポリオール成分。
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AU3306199A (en) | 1998-02-23 | 1999-09-06 | Stepan Company | Low viscosity polyester polyols and methods for preparing same |
DE10156014A1 (de) * | 2001-11-15 | 2003-06-05 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyetheralkoholen |
ZA200709673B (en) * | 2006-11-13 | 2009-09-30 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Process for the preparation of polyether-ester polyols |
PT2340269E (pt) | 2008-10-15 | 2012-12-05 | Basf Se | Poliéster-polióis à base do ácido tereftálico |
DE102008051882A1 (de) * | 2008-10-16 | 2010-04-29 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyetheresterpolyolen |
-
2013
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Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2015512453A (ja) | 2015-04-27 |
KR102058227B1 (ko) | 2019-12-20 |
AU2013237561B2 (en) | 2016-04-28 |
CN104204016A (zh) | 2014-12-10 |
KR20140139061A (ko) | 2014-12-04 |
EA201491634A1 (ru) | 2015-02-27 |
EP2828309A1 (de) | 2015-01-28 |
CA2868194A1 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
ES2704402T3 (es) | 2019-03-18 |
TW201343700A (zh) | 2013-11-01 |
MX364715B (es) | 2019-05-06 |
PL2828309T3 (pl) | 2019-03-29 |
MX2014011434A (es) | 2015-04-14 |
WO2013139781A1 (de) | 2013-09-26 |
BR112014022421B1 (pt) | 2021-01-05 |
EP2828309B1 (de) | 2018-10-10 |
AU2013237561A1 (en) | 2014-10-09 |
CN104204016B (zh) | 2017-06-20 |
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