JP6197051B2 - 希土類元素の分離方法および分離装置 - Google Patents
希土類元素の分離方法および分離装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 63
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 97
- -1 rare earth halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical group [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical group [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical group [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 19
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 15
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007922 dissolution test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002140 halogenating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- MAYVZUQEFSJDHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-bis(methylsulfanyl)naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(SC)=CC=CC2=C1SC MAYVZUQEFSJDHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(5-carboxythiophen-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound S1C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)S1 DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002198 insoluble material Substances 0.000 description 1
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ATINCSYRHURBSP-UHFFFAOYSA-K neodymium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Nd](Cl)Cl ATINCSYRHURBSP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium oxalate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940039790 sodium oxalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B59/00—Obtaining rare earth metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F17/00—Compounds of rare earth metals
- C01F17/20—Compounds containing only rare earth metals as the metal element
- C01F17/253—Halides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F17/00—Compounds of rare earth metals
- C01F17/20—Compounds containing only rare earth metals as the metal element
- C01F17/253—Halides
- C01F17/259—Oxyhalides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F17/00—Compounds of rare earth metals
- C01F17/20—Compounds containing only rare earth metals as the metal element
- C01F17/253—Halides
- C01F17/271—Chlorides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/12—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by gases
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Description
RE2O3+6NH4Cl→2RECl3+6NH3+3H2O (1)
ここで、REは希土類元素を表す。以下の化学式でも同様である。
RECl3 + O2 = REOCl + Cl2 (2)
RECl3 + H2O = REOCl + 2HCl (3)
なお、式(1)から式(3)の反応では生成系にてガス成分としてNH3、H2O、Cl2、HClなどのガス成分が生成するが、これらの熱処理はガス流中や減圧雰囲気にて行っており、生成したガス成分は直ちに系外に排出されるため、式(1)から式(3)の反応は継続的に進行可能と考えられる。
残渣回収率(%)=100×残渣物重量/サンプル重量 (4)
Claims (7)
- 複数種の希土類元素を分離する方法において、
複数種の希土類酸化物とハロゲン化アンモニウムとを含む出発混合物から複数種の希土類ハロゲン化物を生成させる工程であり、非酸化性雰囲気中で前記希土類酸化物から前記希土類ハロゲン化物を生成する温度以上前記希土類ハロゲン化物の気化温度未満の温度で加熱する第1の熱処理工程と、
前記複数種の希土類ハロゲン化物から第1群の希土類元素の希土類ハロゲン化物と第2群の希土類元素の希土類酸ハロゲン化物とを含むハロゲン化物/酸ハロゲン化物混合物を生成させる工程であり、H2Oを含む酸化性雰囲気中で加熱する第2の熱処理工程と、
前記ハロゲン化物/酸ハロゲン化物混合物を溶媒に投入することにより、前記希土類ハロゲン化物を選択的に前記溶媒に溶解させて液相中に抽出しかつ前記希土類酸ハロゲン化物を固相として残存させる選択的抽出工程と、
前記希土類ハロゲン化物が抽出された液相と残存した前記希土類酸ハロゲン化物の固相とを固液分離することにより、前記第1群の希土類元素と前記第2群の希土類元素とを分離する分離工程とを有し、
前記酸化性雰囲気中のH 2 Oが0.1%以上であることを特徴とする希土類元素の分離方法。 - 請求項1において、前記第1群の希土類元素がネオジム、前記第2群の希土類元素がジスプロシウム、前記ハロゲン化アンモニウムが塩化アンモニウムであることを特徴とする希土類元素の分離方法。
- 請求項1において、前記溶媒が、純水、メタノール、エタノール、またはそれらの混合液であることを特徴とする希土類元素の分離方法。
- 複数種の希土類元素を分離する分離装置において、
原料供給部と熱処理部と雰囲気制御部と分離回収部とを備え、
前記原料供給部は、被分離組成物とハロゲン化アンモニウムとを混合し出発混合物を生成する原料混合部と、前記出発混合物を前記熱処理部に供給する混合物供給部とを備え、
前記熱処理部は、前記出発混合物を加熱して第1群の希土類元素の希土類ハロゲン化物と第2群の希土類元素の希土類酸ハロゲン化物とを含むハロゲン化物/酸ハロゲン化物混合物を生成する炉を備え、
前記雰囲気制御部は、前記炉内に非酸化性ガスまたは酸化性ガスを供給するガス供給部と、前記酸化性ガスにH2Oを加えるH2O制御部とを備え、
前記分離回収部は、前記ハロゲン化物/酸ハロゲン化物混合物と溶媒とを混合し前記希土類ハロゲン化物が抽出された液相と残存した前記希土類酸ハロゲン化物の固相とに分離する分離部を備えることを特徴とする希土類元素の分離装置。 - 請求項4において、前記第1群の希土類元素がネオジム、前記第2群の希土類元素がジスプロシウム、前記ハロゲン化アンモニウムが塩化アンモニウムであることを特徴とする希土類元素の分離装置。
- 請求項4において、更にガス処理部を備え、前記ガス処理部は、前記熱処理部から発生したガスからハロゲン化アンモニウムを回収して前記原料供給部に戻すハロゲン化アンモニウム処理部を備えることを特徴とする希土類元素の分離装置。
- 請求項4において、前記分離回収部は、前記液相を収容する液相回収部と、前記固相を収容する固相回収部とを備えることを特徴とする希土類元素の分離装置。
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PCT/JP2014/052605 WO2015118621A1 (ja) | 2014-02-05 | 2014-02-05 | 希土類元素の分離方法および分離装置 |
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CN108588421A (zh) * | 2016-12-18 | 2018-09-28 | 充梦霞 | 稀土废料回收用的稀土氧化物萃取设备及其工作方法 |
CN106498173B (zh) * | 2016-12-18 | 2017-12-26 | 盐城市兰丰环境工程科技有限公司 | 一种稀土废料回收用能够提高稀土废料利用率的装置 |
KR101910333B1 (ko) * | 2017-07-24 | 2018-10-23 | 한국전력공사 | 석탄회로부터 희소 금속 원소 추출 방법 및 희소 금속 원소 추출 장치 |
CN110538478B (zh) * | 2018-10-29 | 2024-07-26 | 天津包钢稀土研究院有限责任公司 | 一种高品质无水稀土卤化物提纯装置 |
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JP2001303149A (ja) * | 2000-04-24 | 2001-10-31 | Tetsuya Uda | 希土類元素の分離方法及び希土類元素分離用組成物 |
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JPWO2015118621A1 (ja) | 2017-03-23 |
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