JP6181727B2 - トーナメント・スタイルのイベントに基づいたトレーディング・システム - Google Patents
トーナメント・スタイルのイベントに基づいたトレーディング・システム Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、派生金融商品(「派生商品」)のコンピュータ実行トレーディング・システムを備えている。本発明は、派生金融商品のトレーダーから買い注文及び売り注文を受け入れ、需要と供給に基づいて市場価格を設定し、価格ボラティリティを最小にするためにトレーダーとして市場に参加する。特定の実施例では、本発明は、映画、タレント、CD及びテレビ番組を表す派生金融商品のコンピュータ実行取引所である。他の実施例では、本発明は、トーナメント、プレイオフ、ゲーム番組、現実に基づくテレビ番組、受賞番組、スポーツ・イベント、及び/又は何れかの適切な競争における競争者を表す派生金融商品のコンピュータ実行取引所である。
流通シェア数
直近トレーディング価格(15分毎に印刷される)
直前の午前0時(太平洋標準時(PST))からの価格変動
直前の正午からの価格変動
期初から現在までの価格変動
映画及び/又は俳優に基づいた派生商品に関する取引所において、現行トレーディング・リストは、映画(アクション・アドベンチャー、ミステリー、ウェスタン、コメディ等)のジャンル、及び映画(脚本書き、制作準備、映画制作、編集、公開、ホームビデオ等)の制作状態を更に備えることができる。トレーダーは、以下によってソートされた現行トレーディング・リストをみることができる。
ジャンル(アルファベット順)
制作状態(アルファベット順)
最も活発なシェア(昨日売買されたシェア数)
最も値上がりしたシェア
最も値下がりしたシェア
本日の値動きが最も速いシェア(例えば、最も速く値上がりした20のシェア及び最も速く値下がりした20のシェア)
取引所で提供される他の派生金融商品の同様な情報が提供され得る。
現金に対して支払われる現行利率
保有株式の直近の売値での総価値
保有債券の直近の売値での総価値
TPV(総ポートフォリオ価値(現金+債券+株式))
現金のTPVに対する比率
債券のTPVに対する比率
株式のTPVに対する比率
トレーダーは、表示するために、種々のいかなる数のレポート(以下を含む)も生成することが可能である。
数で表される総株式の指数(INDEX_STOCKS)(1000を初日の合計株式価値として定義する)(ここで、INDEX_STOCKS=(本日の総株式価値)/(初日の総株式価値)である)
数で表される総債券の指数(INDEX_BONDS)(1000を初日の合計債券価値として定義する)(ここで、INDEX_BONDS=(本日の総債券価値)/(初日の総債券価値)である)
株式及び債券全てを含む総取引所指数(INDEX_EXCHANGE)(1000が、初日の合計取引所価値である)(ここで、INDEX_EXCHANGE=(本日の総市場価値)/(初日の総市場価値)である)
上位のマーケット・パフォーマのリスト(例えば、純ポートフォリオ価値変動=(現金の変動率)+(株式の変動率)+(債券の変動率)として、かつ、カテゴリ(前日(直近の1つ前の午前0時から直近の午前0時まで)、前週(毎木曜日の午後12時に終了する7日間)、前月(月末の午後12時に終了)、前四半期(前月/前四半期の最終日の午後12時に終了)、期初から現在まで(現行の日次合計価値変動率)/(期初から現在までの日数)、及び年次(各年の12月31日の午後12時に終了))毎に算出されるポートフォリオ成長率による上位10位までのトレーダー)
売買停止銘柄のリストを含む全体の市場状況のレポート
名前
直近の売買価格
売買停止状態が発生した時間
当日、売買停止までに実際に値動きがあった銘柄の比率
本日売買されたシェア及び/又は債券の合計数
本日の総売買取引のドルでの価値
本日の売買取引数
今月の売買取引数
上記情報を用いると、将来の買い注文及び売り注文をトレーダーが出す手引きとなる。
図1を参照すれば、ブロック図は、本発明の好ましい実施例の例示的なハードウェア環境を示す。より詳細には、インターネット10を用いて、本発明を実施するコンピュータ・プログラムを実行するサーバ・コンピュータ14にクライアント・コンピュータ12(例えば、ウェブ・ブラウザを実行する)を接続する通常の分散型コンピュータ・システムを示す。通常の組み合わせのリソースは、パソコン、ワークステーション、ミニコンピュータ又はメインフレームであるサーバ・コンピュータ14にインターネット10を介して接続されるパソコン又はワークステーションであるクライアント・コンピュータ12を含み得る。
図2を参照すれば、本発明の第1の実施例の概括的なロジックを示すフローチャートを示す。
トレーダーの名前、
注文の時間及び日付、
買う対象の株式又は債券、
トレーダーのアカウントの現金残高、及び
買う対象の総数(一般に、100の倍数単位)をトレーダーが入力することができるテキスト・フィールド。
トレーダーの名前、
注文の時間及び日付、
売る対象の株式又は債券、
トレーダーのアカウントにおける株式又は債券の量、及び
売る対象の総数(一般に、100の倍数単位)をトレーダーが入力することができるテキスト・フィールド。
図3を参照すれば、本発明の価格設定/トレーディング・プログラムのロジックを示すフローチャートを示す。ブロック300は、先行スイープ価格設定サイクル以降の期間中にキューにおいて蓄積された買い注文及び売り注文をサーバ・コンピュータ14が取り出すことを表す。ブロック302は、サーバ・コンピュータ14が買い注文を売り注文とマッチングさせることを表す。しかし、上記期間中にキューにおいて蓄積された買い注文数及び売り注文数が同一でない可能性が高い。ブロック304は、派生金融商品の市場価格を判定するために、図4に表す市場価格プログラムをサーバ・コンピュータ14が実行することを表す。市場価格が決定された後、ブロック306は、キュー内の買い注文及び売り注文が市場価格で処理されることを反映するようサーバ・コンピュータ14がトレーダーのポートフォリオを更新することを表す。ブロック308は、価格設定/トレーディング・プログラムの終了を表す。
図4を参照すれば、本発明の市場価格生成プログラムのロジックを示すフローチャートを示す。市場価格生成のロジックの一目的は、市場における派生金融商品に対して需要があること又はないことを反映する、派生金融商品の市場価格の生成である。ブロック400は、先行スイープ価格設定サイクルからの期間中の買い注文及び売り注文間のアンバランスをサーバ・コンピュータ14が測定することを表す。ブロック402は、買い注文及び売り注文のアンバランスによって生じる派生金融商品の価格変動をサーバ・コンピュータ14が判定することを表す。ブロック404は、市場に安定性及び流動性をもたらすために、図5において表すように、サーバ・コンピュータ14が仮想スペシャリスト・プログラムを実行することを表す。ブロック406は、トレーディング日中に推定価格変動が過剰であり、その商品の市場の統合性を脅かす場合、図6にて表すように、サーバ・コンピュータ14が売買停止プログラムを実行して、派生金融商品におけるトレーディングを停止することを表す。ブロック408は、トレーダーのポートフォリオを更新するために価格設定/トレーディング・プログラムが用いる価格になる市場価格をサーバ・コンピュータ14が設定することを表す。ブロック410は、市場価格生成プログラムの終了を表す。
PM=(NMS/LMV)*SIV
として表すことが可能である。
図5を参照すれば、本発明の仮想スペシャリスト・プログラムのロジックを示す流れ図を示す。ブロック500は、スイープ価格設定サイクル中の価格変動が、調整価格変動閾値(APT)以上か否かをサーバ・コンピュータ14が判定することを表す判定ブロックである。APTは、サーバ・コンピュータ14のメモリにおける定数である。APTが価格変動より大きい場合、サーバ・コンピュータ14は市場において売買しない。価格変動がAPT以上の場合、サーバ・コンピュータ14は仮想スペシャリスト・プログラム・ポートフォリオから売買する。サーバ・コンピュータ14によるトレーディングのレベルは、価格変動がAPTを上回った量で判定される。価格変動が大きいほど、価格変動を相殺するためにサーバ・コンピュータ14がトレーディングするシェア数は多くなる。
図6は、本発明のトレーディング停止プログラムのロジックを示す流れ図である。ブロック600は、買い注文及び売り注文のアンバランスによって生じる株式の価格変動をサーバ・コンピュータ14が判定することを表す。ブロック602は、スイープ・サイクル期間中のみならず、当日の価格変動をサーバ・コンピュータ14が測定することを表す。ブロック604は、「一トレーディング日」(直近の1つの前の午前0時から直近の午前0時まで)内の純価格変動(NPM)が上方向又は下方向に50%超であるか否かを判定することを表す判定ブロックである。ブロック606によって表すように、20ドル超でトレーディングされる株式の純価格変動が50%より大きい場合、買い注文及び売り注文はキューから取り除かれる。その時点で、その銘柄のトレーディングは、追って通知があるまで15分以内で停止される。このスイープ中のその株式の注文(買い及び売り)には応じられない。「過剰な注文アンバランス」によってトレーディングは停止している。
前述の第1の実施例と同様に、本発明のシステムの第2の実施例は、オープンな、コンピュータ化された取引所におけるトレーディングに提供される証券のデータベースを含む。特定の実施例では、映画、俳優、商品、及び/又はサービス企業に関する証券がリストされている。他の実施例では、例えば、トーナメント、ゲーム番組、現実に基づくテレビ番組、受賞番組、スポーツ・イベント、及び/又は何れかの適切な競争などの競争における競争者に関する証券がリストされている。よって、第2の実施例の以下の説明は、機能における、第1の実施例との差に焦点を当て、第2の実施例に含まれるが、更なる説明を必要としない特徴を省略することがあり得る。
図7を参照すれば、大局的な定数テーブル2022、価格履歴テーブル2020、純価格変動テーブル2008、証券価格テーブル2006、証券定数テーブル2002、売買履歴トラッキング・テーブル2010、純価格変動残高テーブル2012、ゴースト・トレーディング・テーブル2014、管理テーブル2016及びユーザ・データベース・テーブル2026(後述するように用いられる)を含む複数のテーブルがシステム内に含まれている。映画などの派生商品に基づいた取引所は、デベロップメント段階テーブル2024を更に備え得る。全テーブル間で経済コントロール・データ及び価格コントロール・データを転送する仮想スペシャリスト・プログラム2028、全テーブル間で経済コントロール・データを転送する準備銀行プログラム2030、及び後述するように売買及びポートフォリオの情報をそれ自体とユーザ・データベースとの間で転送するユーザ・インタフェース700が、前述のテーブルとインタフェースする。後述するようにマーケティング・ツール(2040)も全テーブルとインタフェースする。
図18を参照すれば、システムは、後述するようにシステム内の定数及び変数を調整するために用いる管理モジュールを含む。管理モジュールは、パスワード保護されており、ブラウザ・インタフェース700によって実現される(やはり後述する)。
図1を参照すれば、ユーザは、標準インタフェースを用いてネットワークを介してシステムにアクセスすることができる。例示的なシステムは、SQL準拠バックエンド・データベース・サーバ14に接続された、ネットワーク(インターネット10など)に接続されたウェブ・クライアント12を含む。
ユーザは、購入が望まれる商品のシンボル1012をページの売買領域1010においてタイプ入力することによって証券商品を売買することができる。数量1014も、売買領域1010において特定される。特定の商品のシンボルをユーザが知らない場合、ルックアップ又はサーチ機能が、標準のグラフィカル・ユーザ・インタフェース(GUI)特徴(ドロップダウン・リスト・ボックス、テキスト・サーチ・ボックスやスライダ・バー・リストなど)を用いて画面のシンボル・サーチ領域1016において提供される。あるいは、画面の最下部にあるティッカー・テープ・スタイル更新メニュー1018が、利用可能な商品を、対応する商品価格とともに示す。
システムは、とりわけ、買い注文及び売り注文のフルフィルメントを扱う仮想スペシャリスト・プログラムを含む。本願のシステムの第2の実施例では、仮想スペシャリスト・プログラムは、経済をコントロールし、それに流動性をもたらす。買い注文を相殺するために等しく、マッチングしている売り注文が存在しているか(逆も同様)否かにかかわらず、注文全てのフルフィルメントを行うことによって、瞬間的な流動性を提供する。
前述のような、取引所で公開されたフィルムの場合、価格を決定する1つのやり方は、映画の制作の段階によるものである。各映画には、関連した総ボックスオフィス業績がある。管理者は、工程1202で、証券の推定総ボックスオフィス業績(EGBO)を管理画面に入力することが可能である。管理者は、工程1204で、証券の当初発行シェア数(NIS)の数量を入力する。第2の実施例の仮想スペシャリスト・プログラムは、実際にシェアを何ら保有しないので発行シェア数は仮想の数である。ユーザは、工程1205で、映画の制作の段階のコード(後述する)も入力する。仮想スペシャリスト・プログラムは、工程1206で、EGBOをNISで除算して、未処理の当初シェア価格(RIS)を決定する。
(最初の週末の総ボックスオフィス収入/1MM)*(総国内収入に対する歴史的な乗数)歴史的な観察によって、本発明の第2の実施例に理想的な歴史的乗数値は3.6であることが明らかになった。
AAA 平均総収入:1億ドル以上 表面利率:V$60
AA 平均総収入:7500万〜9990万ドル 表面利率:V$80
A 平均収入:5000万〜7490万ドル 表面利率:V$100
BBB 平均総収入:4000万〜4990万ドル 表面利率:V$140
BB 平均総収入:3000万〜3990万ドル 表面利率:V$160
B 平均総収入:000万〜2990万ドル 表面利率:V$180
CCC 平均総収入:1500万〜1990万ドル 表面利率:V$220
CC 平均総収入:1000万〜1490万ドル 表面利率:V$240
C 平均総収入:500万〜990万ドル 表面利率:V$260
U(レーティングなし)平均総収入:500万ドル未満 表面利率:V$300
D(償還不能) 平均総収入:なし 表面利率:V$0
スター債券の投資家は、毎日、債券毎に表面利率の6分の1を受け取る。年間利回り率、又は直接利回りは、V$の表面利率を現在価格で除算することによって算出される。低いレーティングのスター債券は、高いリスクを表す。低いレーティングのスター債券のV$の日々の支払額は、低いレーティングのスター債券を保有するリスクをとるトレーダーを補償するために高い。高いレーティング(AAAなど)は、まさにこの逆を表す。
特定の実施例では、取引所は、競争における競争者を表す派生金融商品のトレーディングを容易にすることができる。競争は、トーナメント、プレイオフ、ゲーム番組、現実に基づくTVシリーズ番組、受賞番組、スポーツ・イベント、及び/又は何れかの適切な競争を含み得る。一般に、取引所は、派生金融商品の当初価格を設定し、売る対象のいくつかの派生商品を決定し、競争の過程で、派生商品に関連した価格の調整及びメンテナンスを行い、トレーダー間で派生商品のトレーディングを管理する。
図13を参照すれば、証券の価格変動を決定するための算出を示すフローチャートを示す。非仮想トレーディング市場と違って、第2の実施例の仮想スペシャリスト・プログラムは、直近に実行された買い注文価格に基づいてシェア価格を設定することによって、経済を管理するものでない。むしろ、仮想スペシャリスト・プログラムは、売買アンバランス残高を計算することによって、各売買後、商品の価格を決定する。システムは、価格調整のためにユーザによって出される買い注文及び売り注文のデータを含む売買キューを走査又はスイープする(工程1302)。
本発明のシステムは、仮想準備銀行プログラムを含む。準備銀行プログラムは、準備銀行プログラム・モジュールにおいて提供される金融ツールによって経済を規制する。このツールによって、特定の大局的なシステム定数(総マネーサプライや金利など)を調整することが可能である。
図1を参照すれば、市場調査ツールの第2の実施例も、インターネット10を介してクライアント・サーバ環境において実現される。コンピュータ12は、本発明のシステムにアクセスして、ユーザの人口統計データ及びトレーディング履歴から、編集され、サーバ14上に格納された統計調査データを表示し、ダウンロードしたい市場調査ユーザのためのフロントエンドとして用いられる。
12 クライアント・コンピュータ
14 サーバ・コンピュータ
16 CPU
18 コンピュータ・プログラム
20 データ記憶装置
Claims (2)
- 装置であって、
テレビ番組に関連した競争における競争者を表す金融商品を買う旨の第1の注文をユーザ群のうちの第1のユーザから受け取り、
前記金融商品を売る旨の第2の注文を前記ユーザ群のうちの第2のユーザから受け取り、
前記競争における前記競争者の実績及び前記競争の段階に関連付けられた結果の少なくとも一方、並びに、前記第1の注文、及び前記第2の注文に少なくとも部分的に基づいた何れかの適切な客観的基準及び/又は主観的基準を用いて前記金融商品の価格を決定し、
前記競争者が前記競争で負けた場合、前記価格をゼロに低減させる
よう動作可能なプロセッサと、
前記第1の注文及び前記第2の注文の少なくとも一方を格納するよう動作可能なメモリとを備える装置。 - 装置であって、
金融商品の当初価格を判定するよう動作可能なプロセッサであって、前記プロセッサは、競争における競争者の性質に少なくとも部分的に基づいて前記当初価格を判定するよう動作可能であり、前記金融商品は前記競争における前記競争者を表し、
前記金融商品を買う旨の第1の注文をユーザ群のうちの第1のユーザから受け取り、
前記金融商品を売る旨の第2の注文を前記ユーザ群のうちの第2のユーザから受け取り、
前記第1の注文、及び前記第2の注文に少なくとも部分的に基づいて前記金融商品の価格を決定し、
前記価格で前記金融商品の売買を実行し、
前記競争における前記競争者の実績及び前記競争の段階に関連付けられた結果の少なくとも一方に少なくとも部分的に基づいた何れかの適切な客観的基準及び/又は主観的基準を用いて前記金融商品の調整価格を決定し、
前記調整価格における後続する複数の売買を実行させ、
前記競争者が前記競争に負けた場合、前記調整価格をゼロに低減させる、プロセッサと、
前記第1の注文及び前記第2の注文の少なくとも一方を格納するよう動作可能なメモリと
を備える装置。
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WO2007123911A2 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
JP2017188170A (ja) | 2017-10-12 |
JP6430053B2 (ja) | 2018-11-28 |
CA2585221A1 (en) | 2007-10-18 |
US20240185346A1 (en) | 2024-06-06 |
JP2013175244A (ja) | 2013-09-05 |
JP2018113081A (ja) | 2018-07-19 |
WO2007123911A3 (en) | 2008-01-17 |
JP2007287160A (ja) | 2007-11-01 |
JP2016012372A (ja) | 2016-01-21 |
JP2014232549A (ja) | 2014-12-11 |
JP5824123B2 (ja) | 2015-11-25 |
JP5599918B2 (ja) | 2014-10-01 |
US20200202439A1 (en) | 2020-06-25 |
US10586282B2 (en) | 2020-03-10 |
US20060173764A1 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
JP5374027B2 (ja) | 2013-12-25 |
AU2007201720A1 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
US20230260029A1 (en) | 2023-08-17 |
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