JP6179816B2

JP6179816B2 - Tsunami experiment equipment

Info

Publication number: JP6179816B2
Application number: JP2014086828A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 龍夫 ▲高▼▲橋▼
Original assignee: 株式会社 ▲高▼▲橋▼監理
Priority date: 2014-04-03
Filing date: 2014-04-03
Publication date: 2017-08-16
Anticipated expiration: 2034-04-03
Also published as: JP2015200623A

Description

本発明は、津波を模擬する大津波を発生させる津波実験装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a tsunami experiment apparatus that generates a large tsunami that simulates a tsunami.

平成２３年３月１１日に発生した東日本大震災と、それに伴って発生した大津波により亡くなった死者と行方不明者の合計は２万人以上にも及び、今後も、東海トラフ地震等の大地震や大津波が発生するおそれのあることが指摘されており、災害時に自ら救命するための対策を準備しておくことが不可欠になっている。 The total of the dead and missing people who died due to the Great East Japan Earthquake that occurred on March 11, 2011 and the accompanying great tsunami reached more than 20,000 people. Large earthquakes such as the Tokai Trough Earthquake will continue in the future. It has been pointed out that there is a risk of a large tsunami, and it is indispensable to prepare measures for saving lives in the event of a disaster.

このような実情に鑑みて、大津波発生時において短時間で避難できるシェルターが、例えば、特許文献１、特許文献２で提案されている。
特開２０１３−３６１８０特開２０１３−１９９２５９ In view of such circumstances, for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 have proposed shelters that can evacuate in a short time when a large tsunami occurs.
JP2013-36180A JP2013-199259A

しかしながら、このようなシェルターを開発しても、販売する実物の商品を大津波に飲み込ませて実験させる、実際の大津波と同様の大津波発生装置を備えた施設がないため、現実には、実物の商品をクレーンで吊り下げ、高所から海面に落下させる落下実験をしたり、急流の河川を流したり、大学等の研究施設で圧縮強度試験を行ってきたが、何れの実験も、実際の大津波の場合の衝撃と同一といった補償は得られないため、消費者が商品を購入するにあたり、シェルターとしての安全性に対して不安が拭い去れず、普及する段階まで至っていない。 However, even if such a shelter is developed, because there is no facility equipped with a large tsunami generator similar to the actual large tsunami, the actual product to be sold is swallowed into the large tsunami and tested. The actual product was suspended by a crane and dropped into a sea surface from a high place, a rapid river was run, and a compressive strength test was conducted at a research facility such as a university. Because the same compensation as the impact in the case of the big tsunami cannot be obtained, consumers are not worried about the safety as a shelter when purchasing goods, and have not yet reached the stage of widespread use.

津波実験装置としては、例えば特許文献３で、水槽に仕切り板を設置し、仕切り板に開けた穴にプロペラを内蔵したポンプ部を設置し、ポンプ部の両端に拡幅管、拡幅管を取り付け、拡幅管の出口の前方に整流板を設置する。ケーブルを介してコンピュータでモータを制御しつつ、モータでプロペラを回転させて、水槽内に任意の水流を起こし、整流板を通過させる津波実験装置が開示されている。 As a tsunami experiment device, for example, in Patent Document 3, a partition plate is installed in a water tank, a pump unit with a built-in propeller is installed in a hole opened in the partition plate, widening pipes and widening pipes are attached to both ends of the pump unit, Install a current plate in front of the exit of the widening pipe. A tsunami experiment device is disclosed in which a motor is controlled by a computer via a cable, a propeller is rotated by the motor, an arbitrary water flow is generated in the water tank, and a rectifying plate is passed.

さらに、例えば特許文献４で、電動モータにより駆動され回転中心線のまわりに回転する支持体と、断面形状が略樋状をなすとともに全体が円環状に形成され支持体に取り付けられる模型水路部を備え、模型水路部の円対称中心線と回転軸の回転中心線を合致させるようにして水平方向に回転させる地震津波実験装置を用い、模型水路部内に、凹部に水が収容されて構成される模擬水域部と、模擬陸域部を設け、地震津波実験装置に、模擬水域部の水に波を発生させる造波装置を設けて、地震による津波を模擬した波を模擬水域部に発生させる地震津波実験装置が開示されている。 Further, for example, in Patent Document 4, a support body that is driven by an electric motor and rotates around a rotation center line, and a model water channel part that has a substantially bowl-shaped cross section and is formed in an annular shape and attached to the support body. Equipped with a seismic tsunami experiment device that rotates in the horizontal direction so that the center line of circular symmetry of the model water channel matches the rotation center line of the rotating shaft, and is configured to contain water in the recess in the model water channel An earthquake where a simulated water area and a simulated land area are provided, and a wave generator that generates waves in the water in the simulated water area is installed in the seismic tsunami experiment device to generate waves simulating a tsunami caused by the earthquake in the simulated water area A tsunami experiment device is disclosed.

しかしながら、いずれの津波実験装置においても、現物の商品を、実際の大津波と同一の環境で実験するものではないため、実験結果に対する疑問が残った。 However, in any of the tsunami experiment devices, the actual product is not tested in the same environment as the actual large tsunami.

特開２００２−３３２６２１JP 2002-332621 A 特開２００７−１４６４６７JP2007-146467

本発明は、上記の従来技術の問題を解決すべくなされたもので、実際の大津波と同一の大津波を再現し、実際に販売する商品を大津波に激突させて実験することが出来る津波実験装置を提供することを課題とする。 The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems of the prior art, and reproduces a large tsunami that is the same as an actual large tsunami, and allows a product to be actually sold to collide with the large tsunami and experiment with the tsunami. It is an object to provide an experimental device.

かかる課題を解決するため、請求項１に記載の発明は、建築物の１階の床上と、２階の床上に構築した台座の上部に貯水槽を設置し、２階の貯水槽の底部に放水口を設け、２階の貯水槽から放水した水を１階の貯水槽に流すための実験用水路を２階の床上に構築すると共に、実験用水路の横幅を可変することが出来るように実験用水路の壁を移動可能に構成し、さらに、実験用水路の端の１階貯水槽への落水口に、実験対象物を水面に落下実験させるための過酷落下実験場を構築したことを特徴とする。 In order to solve such a problem, the invention described in claim 1 is characterized in that a water tank is installed on the first floor of the building and on the upper part of the pedestal constructed on the floor of the second floor, and at the bottom of the water tank on the second floor. An experimental water channel is provided on the second floor to allow water discharged from the water tank on the second floor to flow into the water tank on the first floor, and the experimental water channel so that the width of the experimental water channel can be varied. This is characterized in that a severe drop experiment site for constructing a test object to drop on the water surface is constructed at the water outlet to the first floor water tank at the end of the experimental water channel.

請求項１に記載の発明によれば、建築物の１階の床上と、２階の床上に構築した台座の上部に貯水槽を設置し、２階の貯水槽の底部に放水口を設け、２階の貯水槽から放水した水を１階の貯水槽に流すための実験用水路を２階の床上に構築すると共に、実験用水路の横幅を可変することが出来るように実験用水路の壁を移動可能に構成し、さらに、実験用水路の端の１階貯水槽への落水口に、実験対象物を水面に落下実験させるための過酷落下実験場を構築したことにより、これまで、縮尺した模型や、人工的な波で再現していた津波実験を、販売する実物の商品を使って津波実験することが可能となり、実際に安全を確認した津波救命用の商品を販売することが可能になった。 According to the first aspect of the present invention, the water tank is installed on the floor of the first floor of the building and the pedestal constructed on the floor of the second floor, and the water outlet is provided at the bottom of the water tank of the second floor, An experimental water channel for flowing water discharged from the second-floor water tank to the first-floor water tank is constructed on the second-floor floor, and the wall of the experimental water channel can be moved so that the width of the experimental water channel can be varied. In addition, by constructing a harsh drop experiment site for dropping the test object on the water surface at the water outlet to the first floor water tank at the end of the experimental water channel, The tsunami experiment, which was reproduced with artificial waves, can now be conducted using the actual products to be sold, and it has become possible to sell tsunami life-saving products that have actually been confirmed to be safe.

以下、この発明の実施の形態について説明する。
［発明の実施の形態］Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
[Embodiment of the Invention]

図１乃至図３には、この発明の実施の形態を示す。 1 to 3 show an embodiment of the present invention.

図１は、本発明の津波実験装置１を立体図で示す。建築物２の１階床１０に、周囲をＨ型鋼の柱と軽量溝形鋼と鉄製の鋼板で形成した１階貯水槽壁１４で１階貯水槽１１（この発明の実施の形態では、建物形状と敷地面積の都合により、１階部分に略Ｌ字形の貯水槽を構築しているが、土地、建物の面積に余裕があれば、もちろん長方形の形状をした貯水槽でもかまわない）を構築し、さらに１階貯水槽１１の中に大容量水中ポンプ９を設置し、大容量水中ポンプ９に圧送パイプ７を配管して１階貯水槽１１の水を２階貯水槽６に送水するように構成し、建築物２の２階床１２にＨ型鋼で概ね１．５ｍの高さの台座２２を構築し、その台座２２の上に、縦が概ね７ｍ、横が概ね１５ｍの鋼板で底部を成形し、周囲をＨ型鋼の柱と軽量溝形鋼と鋼板で、高さが概ね３ｍの枡形状に形成した２階貯水槽壁５を構築し、２階貯水槽６の底部に水を放水するための放水口４を構築し、さらに放水口４の下部から１階貯水槽１１の端部まで、２階貯水槽６の放水口４から放水した水を流すため、長さが概ね２５ｍの実験水路３を構築し、実験水路３の一方の壁は、Ｈ型鋼の柱と軽量溝形鋼と鋼鉄製の鋼板で、高さ約３ｍの固定式の２階実験水路壁２０を構築すると共に、他方の、移動可能に構成した水路可動壁２５は、移動を容易に行うことが出来るように３分割してＨ型鋼の柱とＬ形鋼と鋼鉄製の鋼板で高さ約３ｍに構成し、３分割した壁の両端のＬ形鋼（図示せず）に穴を開け、３分割した隣り合う壁の両端のＬ形鋼（図示せず）をボルトとナットで結合し、水路可動壁２５を構成したことにより、水路可動壁２５を、点線で示した水路可動壁２５ａと水路可動壁２５ｂの位置に移動する際は、隣り合うＬ形鋼（図示せず）を結合しているボルトとナットを取り外し、３分割に構成した水路可動壁２５を一枚づつクレーンで吊って水路可動壁２５ａと水路可動壁２５ｂの位置に移動させ、移動した位置で、再び、隣り合う壁の両端のＬ形鋼（図示せず）をボルトとナットで結合することにより、点線で示すように水路可動壁２５ａ、又は水路可動壁２５ｂが構築される。実験水路３の水路幅は、水路可動壁を水路可動壁２５の位置に配置した場合は約３ｍ、水路可動壁２５ａの位置に移動した場合は約４ｍ、水路可動壁２５ｂの位置に移動した場合は約５ｍに変更することが可能となり、津波実験する商品（実験対象物）の大きさ、形状により、無駄なく津波実験が出来るようになると共に、２階貯水槽６に貯水する水の量を増減させることにより、津波の高さを変化させることが可能となった。約２５ｍの実験水路３に商品（実験対象物）を置いて実験をする際は、放水口４から概ね１０ｍの位置に商品（実験対象物）を置くことにより、商品（実験対象物）が津波に飲み込まれた後の、商品が横転したり損傷する状態も、鮮明にビデオカメラ等に記録することが出来るようになり、商品（実験対象物）の問題点を容易に改良することが可能となった。 FIG. 1 shows a tsunami experiment apparatus 1 of the present invention in a three-dimensional view. On the first floor 10 of the building 2, a first floor water tank 11 is formed by a first floor water tank wall 14 which is formed of H-shaped steel pillars, lightweight channel steel, and steel steel plate. Due to the shape and area of the site, an approximately L-shaped water tank is constructed on the first floor, but of course, a rectangular water tank may be used if the land and building area is sufficient. In addition, a large-capacity submersible pump 9 is installed in the first-floor water tank 11, and a pressure feed pipe 7 is installed in the large-capacity submersible pump 9 so that the water in the first-floor water tank 11 is fed to the second-floor water tank 6. The pedestal 22 having a height of approximately 1.5 m is constructed of H-shaped steel on the second floor 12 of the building 2, and the bottom of the steel plate is approximately 7 m in length and approximately 15 m in width on the pedestal 22. The second floor storage was formed with a H-shaped steel column, lightweight channel steel and steel plate in a bowl shape with a height of approximately 3m. A tank wall 5 is constructed, and a water outlet 4 for discharging water to the bottom of the second floor water tank 6 is constructed. Further, from the lower part of the water outlet 4 to the end of the first floor water tank 11, the second floor water tank 6 In order to flow the water discharged from the outlet 4 of the water, an experimental water channel 3 having a length of about 25 m is constructed, and one wall of the experimental water channel 3 is made of an H-shaped steel column, a lightweight grooved steel, and a steel steel plate. The fixed second-floor experimental waterway wall 20 having a height of about 3 m is constructed, and the other movable waterway wall 25 configured to be movable is divided into three parts so that the movement can be easily performed. A pillar, L-shaped steel, and steel plate made of steel, about 3m high, with holes in the L-shaped steel (not shown) at both ends of the wall divided into three, and L-shaped at both ends of adjacent walls divided into three By connecting steel (not shown) with bolts and nuts to form the water channel movable wall 25, the water channel movable wall 25 is indicated by a dotted line. When moving to the position of the wall 25a and the water channel movable wall 25b, the bolts and nuts connecting adjacent L-shaped steels (not shown) are removed, and the water channel movable wall 25 configured in three parts is removed one by one. It is hung at the position and moved to the position of the water channel movable wall 25a and the water channel movable wall 25b, and at the moved position, L-shaped steel (not shown) at both ends of the adjacent wall is joined again with bolts and nuts. As shown, the water channel movable wall 25a or the water channel movable wall 25b is constructed. The water channel width of the experimental water channel 3 is about 3 m when the water channel movable wall is arranged at the position of the water channel movable wall 25, about 4 m when moved to the position of the water channel movable wall 25a, and when moved to the position of the water channel movable wall 25b. Can be changed to approximately 5m, and the size and shape of the product (experimental object) to be used for the tsunami can be used without waste, and the amount of water stored in the second-floor water tank 6 can be reduced. By increasing or decreasing, it became possible to change the height of the tsunami. When the product (experimental object) is placed in the experimental water channel 3 of about 25 m, the product (experimental object) is placed at a position approximately 10 m from the outlet 4 so that the product (experimental object) is tsunami. The situation that the product rolls over or is damaged after being swallowed by the camera can be clearly recorded on a video camera, etc., and it is possible to easily improve the problems of the product (experimental object). became.

さらに、このように実験水路３で津波衝突実験をした商品（実験対象物）を、実験水路３の端の落水口１９から１階貯水槽１１の端に構築した、縦と横が概ね７ｍ、実験水路３の底面から１階貯水槽１１の底部までの深さが概ね３ｍの過酷落下実験場１６に、水１８と共に落下させることにより、商品（実験対象物）が水面に衝突した際の衝撃による損傷をテストすることも同時に可能となった。 Furthermore, a product (experimental object) that has been subjected to a tsunami collision experiment in the experimental water channel 3 in this way is constructed from the water outlet 19 at the end of the experimental water channel 3 to the end of the first-floor water tank 11, approximately 7 m in length and width. Impact when a product (experimental object) collides with the water surface by dropping it together with water 18 into a severe drop experiment site 16 having a depth of approximately 3 m from the bottom of the experimental water channel 3 to the bottom of the first-floor water storage tank 11 It has also become possible to test for damage caused by

図２は、２階貯水槽６の水を放水口４から落水させるための落水装置２９を示す。放水口４の上部の２階水槽底部３７に、縦、横共に約３ｍの正方形の開口部を形成し、その開口部の形状に合わせた、縦、横共に概ね３ｍの落水口鋼板３６の左右中心線の両端に、落水口鋼板３６が回動することが出来るように支点３５を取付け、放水口４の反対側の中央端部に回動自在に形成した力点３４を取付け、力点３４に上下作動アーム３３を取付け、上下作動アーム３３の上端の作用点３２は、支点３９により回動自在に２階貯水槽壁５に取付けられたアーム３１の一方の作用点３２に回動自在に取付けられると共に、アーム３１の他方は、油圧シリンダー３０のピストンロッド４０の先端の力点４１に回動自在に取付けられる。なお、２階水槽底部３７の開口部と、落水口鋼板３６が当接する外周の部分には防水用のパッキンゴムを取付け、２階貯水槽６に溜めた水が漏れないように構成する。このように落水口鋼板３６の左右中心線の両端部に支点３５を取付けることにより、大きな水圧で押さえ付けられている落水口鋼板３６を小型の油圧シリンダー３０で開口（約１秒で開口することが可能となったため、２階貯水槽６に溜めた水を一気に放水口４から流すことが可能となった）することが出来るようになり、大量の水を何回も使い回しをして短時間で何回でも津波実験を行うことが出来るようになり、経費を節減と、短時間で多くの実験を行うことが可能となった。 FIG. 2 shows a water dropping device 29 for dropping water from the second-floor water storage tank 6 from the water outlet 4. A square opening of about 3 m in both length and width is formed in the bottom floor 37 of the upper floor of the upper floor of the water discharge port 4, and the right and left sides of the water inlet steel plate 36 of about 3 m in both length and width are matched to the shape of the opening. A fulcrum 35 is attached to both ends of the center line so that the water outlet steel plate 36 can rotate, and a force point 34 formed to be rotatable is attached to the center end portion on the opposite side of the water discharge port 4. The operating arm 33 is attached, and the action point 32 at the upper end of the vertical action arm 33 is rotatably attached to one action point 32 of the arm 31 attached to the second-floor water storage tank wall 5 so as to be rotatable by a fulcrum 39. At the same time, the other end of the arm 31 is rotatably attached to a force point 41 at the tip of the piston rod 40 of the hydraulic cylinder 30. A waterproof packing rubber is attached to the outer peripheral portion where the opening of the second-floor water tank bottom 37 and the water outlet steel plate 36 abut so that the water stored in the second-floor water tank 6 does not leak. Thus, by attaching the fulcrum 35 to the both ends of the right and left center line of the water inlet steel plate 36, the water outlet steel plate 36 pressed by a large water pressure is opened with a small hydraulic cylinder 30 (opening in about 1 second). It became possible to flow the water stored in the water storage tank 6 on the second floor from the outlet 4 at once, and a lot of water was reused several times. It has become possible to conduct tsunami experiments as many times as possible, saving money and enabling many experiments in a short time.

図３は、図２で説明した落水装置２９の油圧シリンダー３０を動作させて落水口鋼板３６を開口させた状態を示す。油圧シリンダー３０を動作させるとピストンロッド４０が伸びてアーム３１の力点４１を下方に押し下げることにより支点３９で回動自在に支えられたアーム３１の作用点３２が上方に持ち上げられ、それに伴い上下作動アーム３３も上方に持ち上げられることにより、落水口鋼板３６に取付けられた力点３４が上方に持ち上げられるため、支点３５で回動自在に構成された落水口鋼板３６が回動して開口し、２階貯水槽６の中に貯水された水３８は放水口４より落水して実験通路３に流される。 FIG. 3 shows a state in which the water outlet steel plate 36 is opened by operating the hydraulic cylinder 30 of the water dropping device 29 described in FIG. When the hydraulic cylinder 30 is operated, the piston rod 40 extends and pushes down the force point 41 of the arm 31 to lift the action point 32 of the arm 31 supported rotatably at the fulcrum 39. When the arm 33 is also lifted upward, the power point 34 attached to the waterfall steel plate 36 is lifted upward, so that the waterfall steel plate 36 configured to be rotatable at the fulcrum 35 rotates and opens. The water 38 stored in the floor storage tank 6 falls from the outlet 4 and flows into the experimental passage 3.

このように構成することにより、１階貯水槽１１に溜めた水を２階貯水槽２に大容量水中ポンプ９で給水する際、給水する水量を増減させることにより、放水口４から放水する水量が増減して水の勢いを変えることが出来るようになり、商品（実験対象物）が受ける津波の強さ（強弱）を調整することが可能となった。 By comprising in this way, when supplying the water stored in the 1st floor water storage tank 11 to the 2nd floor water storage tank 2 with the large capacity submersible pump 9, the amount of water discharged from the water outlet 4 is increased or decreased by increasing or decreasing the amount of water supplied. It is now possible to change the momentum of water by increasing and decreasing the tsunami intensity (strength) received by the product (experimental object).

以上、実施の形態に基づいて、本発明に係る津波実験装置について詳細に説明してきたが、本発明は、以上の実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲において各種の改変をなしても、本発明の技術的範囲に属するのはもちろんである。 As described above, the tsunami experiment apparatus according to the present invention has been described in detail on the basis of the embodiment. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various types are possible without departing from the spirit of the invention. Of course, even if the modification is made, it belongs to the technical scope of the present invention.

図１において、１階貯水槽１１の壁を鋼板で構築すると説明したが、鋼板に限定せず、コンクリート製の壁で構築することも、もちろん可能である。 In FIG. 1, it has been described that the wall of the first-floor water storage tank 11 is constructed of a steel plate.

この発明の実施の形態に係る、津波実験装置を立体図で示す。A tsunami experiment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in a three-dimensional view. 同実施の形態に係る、２階貯水槽と２階貯水槽の水を落水させるための落水装置を立体図で示す。The water dropping apparatus for dropping the water of the 2nd floor water storage tank and 2nd floor water storage tank which concerns on the embodiment is shown with a three-dimensional view. 同実施の形態に係る、図２で説明した落水装置を作動させ、２階貯水槽の水を落水口から落水させた状態を示す。FIG. 3 shows a state in which the water dropping device described in FIG. 2 according to the embodiment is operated and water in the second-floor water storage tank is dropped from the water outlet.

１津波実験装置
２建築物
３実験水路
４放水口
５２階貯水槽壁
６２階貯水槽
７圧送パイプ
８水中ポンプ設置ボックス
９大容量水中ポンプ
１０１階床
１１１階貯水槽
１２２階床
１３点検用階段
１４１階貯水槽壁
１５点検用階段
１６過酷落下実験場
１７過酷落下実験場壁
１８水
１９落水口
２０２階実験水路壁
２１水路可動壁移動方向
２２台座
２３点検用階段
２４水取込口
２５水路可動壁
２５ａ水路可動壁
２５ｂ水路可動壁
２９落水装置
３０油圧シリンダー
３１アーム
３２作用点
３３上下作動アーム
３４力点
３５支点
３６落水口鋼板
３７２階水槽底部
３８水
３９支点
４０ピストンロッド
４１力点1 Tsunami Experiment Equipment 2 Building 3 Experimental Waterway 4 Drainage 5 Second Floor Water Tank Wall 6 Second Floor Water Tank 7 Pump Pipe 8 Submersible Pump Installation Box 9 Large Capacity Submersible Pump 10 First Floor 11 First Floor Water Tank 12 Second Floor 13 Inspection staircase 14 First floor water tank wall 15 Inspection staircase 16 Severe drop experiment site 17 Severe drop experiment site wall 18 Water 19 Water outlet 20 Second floor experiment waterway wall 21 Water channel movable wall moving direction 22 Base 23 Inspection stair 24 Water Inlet 25 Waterway movable wall 25a Waterway movable wall 25b Waterway movable wall 29 Water drop device 30 Hydraulic cylinder 31 Arm 32 Action point 33 Vertical action arm 34 Force point 35 Support point 36 Water drop steel plate 37 Second floor water tank bottom 38 Water 39 Support point 40 Piston rod 41 Power points

Claims

A water tank is installed on the floor of the building on the first floor and the pedestal constructed on the floor of the second floor, a water outlet is provided at the bottom of the water tank on the second floor, and the water discharged from the water tank on the second floor is 1 The experimental water channel for flowing into the water storage tank on the floor is constructed on the floor of the second floor, and the wall of the experimental water channel is configured to be movable so that the width of the experimental water channel can be varied. A tsunami experiment device, which has constructed a severe drop experiment site for dropping the test object onto the water surface at the water outlet to the first floor water tank.