JP6159991B2 - Tsunami evacuation equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a tsunami evacuation apparatus.

  In the previous Great East Japan Earthquake, a tsunami with an unexpected height hit, and many people lost their lives because they were involved in the tsunami after being evacuated to high ground.

  JP 2009-036014 A

As a method for enabling evacuation to such a high ground, an evacuation technique for a footbridge disclosed in Patent Document 1 was proposed.
This proposal is based on the pedestrian bridge body, which is equipped with means to climb up and down to connect the walking road surface to the ground, while forming a walking road surface on the bridge frame that is supported by the struts and straddles the roadway. A pedestrian bridge (tsunami evacuation device) characterized by providing an evacuation stage for emergency evacuation such as floods.
However, in such pedestrian bridges, tsunami currents and drifting objects directly hit the pillars, and the pedestrian bridges were easily damaged or floated up.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a tsunami evacuation device that is not easily damaged by a tsunami current or drifting material and that does not float up and flow away.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the invention according to claim 1 is based on the assumption that at least two pulling waves and two pulling waves are expected to strike on the front side where a tsunami push wave is expected to strike. Constructed by a plurality of vertically-arranged columns having two on the side and an upper beam connecting the upper ends of these columns in a square frame shape when viewed from above, and a rectangular evacuation on the upper surface of the upper beam Tsunami evacuation equipment that has a stage and that is connected to the climbing means between the evacuation stage and the ground In addition, a U-shaped receiving rod is fixedly provided on the front surface of the front beam of the upper beam, and the front column is protected between the left and right end portions of the receiving beam and the lower base. The cushioning material is arranged with its base portion embedded in the base, and this cushioning material also serves as a vertical gutter that allows rainwater from the evacuation stage to flow through the receiving port.

As described above, the present invention has a plurality of vertical lines having at least two on the front side where a tsunami push wave is expected to hit and two on the rear side where a pulling wave is assumed to hit. The upper stage beam is constructed by a pillar standing upright and an upper beam connecting the upper ends of these pillars in a square frame shape, and a rectangular evacuation stage is provided on the upper surface of the upper beam. In the tsunami evacuation device in which the climbing means is communicated with the U-shaped receiving hooks are fixedly provided on the front surface of the front beam of the upper beam, A cushioning material that protects the front strut is placed between the basement below the basement and the base is embedded in the basement. This cushioning material also serves as a vertical gutter that allows rainwater from the evacuation stage to flow through the receiving port. Tsunami because it is characterized by The tsunami escape apparatus that not to and or shed damaged difficult yet lifted by flotsam can be provided.

  The top view of the tsunami evacuation apparatus which shows one Embodiment of this invention corresponding to FIG.   The A arrow directional view of FIG.   B arrow view of FIG.   C arrow line view of FIG.   The perspective view which shows other embodiment.   The principal part expansion schematic sectional drawing of FIG.   The schematic cross section which shows other embodiment of FIG.   The schematic cross section which shows other embodiment of FIG.   The top view of the evacuation apparatus of FIG. 10 which is other embodiment.   FIG. 10 is an elevational view of the evacuation device of FIG. 9 as viewed from the D direction.   FIG. 13 is a plan view showing another embodiment as viewed from above in FIG. 12.   The EE sectional view taken on the line of FIG.   The F section enlarged view of FIG.   GG sectional view taken on the line of FIG.   The longitudinal section side view showing other embodiments.   The longitudinal section side view showing other embodiments.   The longitudinal section side view showing other embodiments.   The longitudinal section side view showing other embodiments.   The disassembled perspective view which shows the evacuation apparatus on an evacuation stage.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. Each technique described in each embodiment can be similarly applied to other technically related embodiments in this application.

  FIGS. 1 to 4 show an embodiment of a tsunami evacuation device that can be used as a pedestrian bridge during normal times and can be evacuated as a hill in an emergency such as a tsunami. In FIG. 1 to FIG. 4, 1 is a straight road, 2 is an intersection thereof, and these roads 1 and 2 form a so-called three-way road in a slightly deformed form. In this embodiment, it is assumed that a push wave comes from the T direction which is one direction of the straight path 1 and a pull wave comes from the −T direction which is the opposite direction.

  Reference numeral 3 denotes a support, which is a steel round pipe. For example, the base is embedded so that the ground height is about 8 m, and is erected vertically through the foundation 4. The column 3 may be a corner, H steel, C-type steel, or the like. There are five of these columns 3 in total, and three are arranged on the right side when viewed from the T direction in FIG. 1 so that the right sidewalk 5 is long. On the left side when viewed from the T direction, there is an intersection 2. In the relationship, one front and rear are omitted, and only two front and rear are arranged. 6 is a left sidewalk, and 7 is a left sidewalk.

  These five struts 3 are connected by the middle beam 9 at the middle stage and by the upper beam 10 at the upper stage. In the frame of the upper beam 10, a small beam (not shown) is connected to form a crossing frame, and an evacuation stage (walking road surface) 11 is provided through the upper surface thereof. 13 is a right climbing means (direct staircase), 14 is a left front climbing means (turning staircase), 15 is a left rear climbing means (turning staircase), and these climbing means 13, 14, and 15 are used, for example, FIG. As shown by the arrow H, you can come and go as a pedestrian bridge during normal times. On the other hand, when a tsunami attack is warned, it is possible to evacuate onto the evacuation stage 11 as indicated by an arrow I in FIG.

  In such a tsunami evacuation apparatus, the evacuation stage 11 is formed in a mountain-fold shape between before and after in FIG. 1 so as to flow rainwater forward and backward in the direction of arrow J. A U-shaped receiving rod 17 that receives the rainwater is fixedly provided along the outer sides of the upper and lower upper beams 10 and 10 in the tsunami evacuation apparatus. A pair or a single vertical rod 18 having a lower base embedded and fixed in the sidewalks 5, 6, and 7 is fixed to the end of each receiving rod 17. These vertical rods 18 are members that function to protect the column 3 from tsunami currents and drifting objects in addition to flowing rainwater from the receiving rod 17 to a drainage channel (not shown).

  In addition, in the plane of the evacuation stage 11, the permeable levitation force reducing member 20 made of grating or perforated plate that allows the tsunami flow rising from below to pass through as shown by an arrow to protect the evacuation stage 11. Is provided.

5 and 6 show another embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 5, the tsunami evacuation device has a direct or turn-up / down climbing means in which a step board 25 with a kick plate 24 is provided between opposing side girders 23 and a handrail 26 is erected on the side girders 23. Configured. Such side girders 23 are often made of channel steel. In that case, when a tsunami current T strikes, a torrent strikes in the groove, so that a large load force acts on the climbing means and the entire apparatus. This increases the horizontal load force on the device, which may lead to damage to the device.

  In this embodiment, such horizontal load force is reduced so as not to cause damage to the apparatus. Therefore, a half-divided cylindrical shunt guard 27 is welded along the outer side beam 23 where the tsunami T of the ascending / descending means hits. The horizontal load force is reduced by integrating and allowing the tsunami flow T to flow separately from above and below. In this embodiment, not only that, but the side girder 23 and the shunt guard 27 become a single drainage pipe, so that the rainwater flowing through the tread 25 is guided to one side as shown by the arrow. In this structure, rainwater treatment is performed by flowing into the drain pipe through the hole 28. In addition, the tread board 25 is set to be slightly downwardly inclined in the direction of the arrow in order to make it easier for rainwater to flow in the direction of the arrow.

As shown in FIG. 6, the shunt guard 27 is a semi-cylindrical type, and its end is applied to the flange end of the side beam 23 and integrated by welding or the like. There is also a method of attracting and fixing. After being attracted and fixed by the fastening device 29, both 23 and 27 can be integrated by welding.
Further, as shown in FIG. 7, a side girder 23 and a shunt guard 27 having a width slightly smaller than the height in the groove of the side girder 23 are joined together and fixed by welding integration or a fastener 29 as described above. You may make it serve the purpose. Since the shunt guard 27 is embraced in the side beam 23, the installation work is facilitated.
Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the diversion guard 27 may be an angle type. In this case, a protrusion 30 may be provided on the shunt guard 27 side so as to fit in the groove of the side beam 23 and be attached by the fastening tool 29. After being attached by the fastening tool 29, both 23 and 27 may be integrated by welding.
The embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 to 8 can also be applied to a tsunami evacuation apparatus that does not serve as a pedestrian bridge that does not serve as a pedestrian bridge as shown in FIGS.

  9 and 10 show another embodiment. In this embodiment, a plurality of (for example, four) pillars 34 raised from the foundation are connected and integrated by a middle beam 35 and an upper beam 36 to construct a steel structure similar to that shown in FIGS. An evacuation stage 37 is formed on the roof, a roof rail 38 is attached around it, and a stair-type (or slope-type) climbing means 39 is provided so as to evacuate the refugee from the ground to the evacuation stage 37. A middle evacuation stage 41 with a middle handrail 40 may be provided using the middle beam 35. This tsunami evacuation apparatus can also be applied to a tsunami evacuation apparatus of a type that does not serve as a pedestrian bridge other than the pedestrian bridge combined type shown in FIGS.

  In such a tsunami evacuation device, it is assumed that a tsunami flow or a flotage strikes as indicated by the arrow T. However, the device is damaged because the tsunami flow is applied to the prop 34 which is in front at the same time and the tsunami flow is applied. There is a risk of falling or floating. For this purpose, as shown in the figure, protective struts 43 are arranged in front of the two front struts 34 where the tsunami T comes into contact, and are fixed to the ground, and also between the struts 34 via the anti-rest material 44. It is fixed. The protective support 43 is a square pipe like the support 34, but may be a round pipe or a shape steel such as an H shape. The steady rest member 44 is provided at a plurality of locations below the upper end of the protective support 43 and is connected to the support 34. The protective struts 43 and the struts 34 may be reinforced by filling with concrete.

  In this embodiment, it is possible to evacuate by the climbing means 39, but in this type of steel structure facility, the evacuation stage 37 is at a high place. There is also the danger of being swallowed by a tsunami. For this purpose, climbing means by another method is required. In this embodiment, the vertical column is configured by using the protective column 43 as a guide rail.

The elevator is configured by using only one of the protective columns 43, but a pair of left and right elevators may be configured by using both the left and right protective columns 43.
On both side surfaces of one protective support 43, a pair of front and rear rail members 46 that are vertically long are fixed to form groove portions. An evacuation cabin 49 having a front door 47 and a side door 48 is provided on the front side of the protective column 43 so that the left and right rollers 50 provided on the rear surface thereof are guided vertically along the rail member 46. It has become. The opening corresponding to the front door 47 is an entrance from the ground, and the opening corresponding to the side door 48 is an exit corresponding to the landing 51 projecting in front of the evacuation stage 37.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the upper portion of the support column 34 is extended higher than the evacuation stage 37, and a pair of left and right support beams 53 project from the upper end thereof, and a sheave 54 is provided before and after the support beam 53. . A stay 55 is erected on the evacuation stage 37, and a winch 57 with a slow-down speed control lever 56 is provided at the upper end thereof. A winding wire 58 such as a wire rope is connected between the winch 57 and the cabin 49 via a sheave 54.

The winch 57 can be freely wound by a manual arm 60 as shown in the figure, can be fully electrically wound by a battery 61, and can also be a combination of manual and electric assist. The replenishment of power to the battery 61 is made possible by an appropriate combination of solar power generation, wind power generation, and commercial power supply during normal times. Although the side door 48 is a winding shutter system and does not hit the landing 51 even if it is opened when it is raised, it may be a door with a general hinge opening / closing support system. Conversely, the front door 47 may be an open / close shutter system around the vertical axis.
As shown in the right column of FIG. 9, the protective support 43 may be composed of a pair of left and right parts made of channel steel or the like. In this case, the front of the support 34 can be protected more widely. Become. Each protective column 43 and column 34 are connected by a steady rest 44 extending in the horizontal direction.

  The evacuation cabin 49 is on the ground during normal times. When a tsunami attack warning is issued, a wheelchair or walking refugee opens the front door 47, gets on the evacuation cabin 49, closes the front door 47, and waits for an operation. When another operator climbs the evacuation stage 37 and senses that the boarding of the evacuation cabin 49 is completed, the evacuation cabin 49 moves to the landing 51 by operating the manual arm 60 (or power switch) in the lifting direction. Is raised to a height exceeding When the climbing is finished, the side door 48 is opened, and the refugee inside is guided onto the evacuation stage 37 through the landing 51. The empty evacuation cabin 49 is manually lowered by operating the speed lever 56 in a direction to loosen it appropriately, and is used for evacuation of further refugees. When the evacuation cabin 49 is moved up and down by using an electric winch type, an operation panel may be provided in the evacuation cabin 49 like a general elevator so that the entire elevator can be moved up and down.

  FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 show another embodiment of the elevator in which disaster vulnerable persons can be evacuated safely and securely by using the stair (or slope) type climbing means of the tsunami evacuation device such as the steel structure type as described above. The form is shown. 13 and 14 are enlarged views of the main part.

  In FIG. 11 to FIG. 14, reference numeral 65 denotes climbing means that is a staircase, which is fixed to the side of the main body 66 of the tsunami evacuation device shown in FIG. And the evacuees can be evacuated reliably. 69 is a staircase body, 70 is a side girder, 71 is a landing, 72 is a plurality of main pillars, 73 is a horizontal rail, and such climbing means 65 is a handrail shade 74 corresponding to the left hand when facing the climbing direction. Has a general square or round cross section, and the right handrail is a guide rail 75 for the elevator. As shown in FIG. 14, the guide rail 75 is a grooved steel with a lip facing the groove opening, and has a long inclined portion along the staircase body 69 and a length of about 3 m along the landing 71. It consists of two parts, the horizontal part. 76 is an auxiliary rail for posture control of about 2 m, and is made of grooved steel with a lip, and is connected horizontally so that its groove end portion is continuous with the groove portion in front of the upper end of the inclined portion of the guide rail 75.

  As shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the elevator has a lightweight roller holder 80 made of an aluminum plate having front and rear main rollers 77, 78 and an upper auxiliary roller 79, and the main rollers 77, 78 are In the groove of the guide rail 75, it fits in a freely rolling manner, and the outer periphery of the auxiliary roller 79 is arranged so as to have a gap exceeding the thickness of the guide rail 75 with respect to the outer periphery of the front main roller 77. ing. As shown in FIG. 13, this gap functions to allow the front main roller 79 and the auxiliary roller 79 to be slightly inclined from the state where the front roller 79 and the auxiliary roller 79 are in the inclined portion of the guide rail 75 toward the horizontal portion of the guide rail 75. . The auxiliary roller 79 is arranged to move along the upper surface of the guide rail 75.

  A suspension frame 82 is formed by bending a pipe made of aluminum or the like into a U shape, and is attached to the roller holder 80. Reference numeral 83 denotes a simple chair-type riding section that is fixed to the suspension frame 82. An anchor 84 is attached to the suspension frame 82 or the riding portion 83. A hoisting machine 85 is a winch and can wind or unwind the hoisting wire 86 connected to the anchor 84 by rotating the manual arm 87. The hoisting machine 85 is not limited to the manual type, and may be an all-electric type using power storage or a type that combines manual and electric assist. Replenishment of electricity to the battery of the electricity storage method is made possible by an appropriate combination of solar power generation, wind power generation, and commercial power supply during normal times.

When there is a tsunami warning, a healthy person can evacuate from the ground to the evacuation stage 68 using the staircase body 69 and the landing 71 as shown in FIGS. On the other hand, it is usually difficult for a vulnerable person such as an elderly person to evacuate to the evacuation stage 68 using the stairs body 69 as it is. Elevators are used to enable auxiliary evacuation for such persons.
11 to 14, only one elevator is configured. Actually, the state of being located near the ground under the stairs which is the right end in FIGS. These are shown in phantom lines including FIG. 13 and FIG. 14, but are all shown here in solid lines for clarity.

  When a warning about the tsunami strike is issued, the passenger a such as a disaster weak person who has evacuated by wheelchair or walking is put on or put on the boarding section 83 by being held or sitting on his own. The other operator b has already climbed on the landing 71 and confirms boarding on the boarding section 83, and turns the manual arm 87 to operate the hoisting wire 86 by the hoisting machine 85. Meanwhile, a normal evacuee can evacuate to the evacuation stage 68 without difficulty using the remaining width space of the climbing means 65.

  As the main rollers 77 and 78 and the auxiliary roller 79 move along the guide rails 75 by lifting the hoisting wire 86, the elevator is pulled up while the passenger a is on board. Even if the front main roller 77 reaches the entrance of the auxiliary rail 76, the auxiliary roller 79 hits the upper surface of the guide rail 75 and prevents entry into the entrance, so that both rollers 77 and 79 rise upward along the guide rail 75 as they are. It is led to the horizontal part. However, since the rear main roller 78 does not have the auxiliary roller 79 upward, the main roller 78 is guided directly into the rail 76 from the entrance of the auxiliary rail 76.

  If both the main rollers 77 and 78 are guided to the guide rail 75 without the auxiliary rail 76, when the suspension frame 82 reaches the horizontal portion of the guide rail 75, it becomes horizontal and the riding portion 83 also tilts backward. As a result, the passenger a is greatly inclined backward, and as a result, the passenger a himself is less likely to get up from the riding section 83 and the person b who is waiting to operate holds the passenger a. Even if you try to wake it up, it will be very powerful. However, if the elevator is guided to the landing 71 in the same inclined posture as when it is lifted by the combination of the main rollers 77 and 78 and the auxiliary rail 76 as described above, the passenger a does not tilt greatly and thus easily rises. It also makes it easier to wake up.

  The elevator is moved back along the inclined portion of the guide rail 75 while loosening the hoisting wire 86 to carry the next person. However, when the elevator is in the horizontal portion of the guide rail 75, the elevator is less likely to roll. Although it becomes difficult, as shown in the upper column of FIG. 13, if the horizontal portion of the guide rail 75 is inclined forward, it will be easy to return. This inclination angle is set to a small angle so that the riding section 83 is not largely tilted backward.

  The structure of the elevator has been applied to the case where it is guided from the ground to the evacuation stage 68 by one direct staircase. However, the implementation can be carried out at any place such as the second floor from the ground and the upper floor from the middle stage. It may be a target. The ascending / descending means 65 may be a slope or may be of a type with a staircase and a slope.

  Further, the riding section 83 has an ordinary bent plate shape as shown in FIG. 14, but as shown in FIG. 15, a core member 83a having one end fixed to the suspension frame 82 and a cushion 83b around the core member 83a. It is also possible to make it easy to carry or drop the occupant a by forming a space for inserting the right arm and the left arm 90 between them.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 16, this type of elevator can also be applied to an elevator unit 65 that includes a relay landing 91.
As shown in FIG. 17, the hoisting wire 86 is configured to be circulated through the lower and intermediate sheaves 92, and an engagement protrusion 94 from the elevator is provided between the engagement receiving members 93 provided on the wire 86. If the hoisting machine 85 is rotated and operated by engaging, the elevator can be raised or lowered. In this case, the elevator can be moved up and down simply by switching the rotation direction of the hoisting machine 85, and a lighter lifting operation can be performed by rotating the lower sheave 92.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 18, the hoisting wire 85 with the brake lever 96 can be driven to reciprocate the hoisting wire 86, and the engaging protrusion 94 is interlocked by the engagement receiving member 93 provided on the wire 86. In particular, the elevator can be driven continuously, and in particular, the riding part 83 can be rotated around the rotation center 97, and the riding part 83 can be rotated forward and backward by a certain angle range by the stoppers 98 and 98. In the middle of raising the occupant a, the riding portion 83 hits the later stopper 98 and is raised at an appropriate angle. On the other hand, when the riding portion 83 is pulled up on the landing 71, the push-back protrusion 99 is placed on the riding portion. By pushing back 83, the rear tilt angle is not excessive, but the rear tilt angle is lighter and it is easy to descend. The front stopper 98 is for defining the riding portion 83 so that it does not tilt forward beyond the return angle of FIG.

  FIG. 19 shows an example of an additional proposal, and this example is for a special evacuation device 100 installed on an evacuation stage of a tsunami evacuation device as shown in FIGS. Reference numeral 101 denotes an evacuation stage. A pair of substrates 102 are fastened to the upper surface of the evacuation stage, and a simple chair portion 103 made of a simple pipe is attached via these substrates 102. Further, a pair of gate-type main frames 104 are further erected via the substrate 102, and a plurality of connecting frames 105 are connected between the main frames 104, so that a special assembly type special evacuation device 100 can be provided on the evacuation stage 101. It can be assembled. The entire evacuation device 100 is equipped with a protective cover 106 having necessary disaster resistance functions such as heat insulation, heat resistance, and fire resistance so that the bottom periphery is sealed by assembly. The protective cover 106 is provided with a sealable entrance / exit 107, and a heat insulating floor mat is laid on the evacuation stage 101 in preparation for winter. Further, a solar panel 108 may be provided on the top surface of the protective cover 106 by using the frames 104, 105 and the like for support. Further, the protective cover 106 itself may be made of a solar sheet.

  3 ... Post 9,10 ... Beam 11 ... Evacuation stage 13,14,15 ... Elevating means 17 ... Reception 18 ... Vertical shaft.

Claims (1)

A plurality of vertically-supported columns and two columns having at least two on the front side where a tsunami push wave is expected to strike and two on the rear side where a pulling wave is expected to strike The upper beam is constructed by an upper beam that connects the upper ends of the upper frame with a rectangular frame shape, and a rectangular evacuation stage is provided on the upper surface of the upper beam, and climbing means are connected between the evacuation stage and the ground. In the tsunami evacuation device that is entangled, U-shaped receiving rods are fixedly provided on the front surface of the front beam of the upper beam, and between the left and right end portions of the receiving rod and the base below it The tsunami is characterized in that a cushioning material that protects the front support column is deployed with its base embedded in the base, and this cushioning material also serves as a vertical shaft that allows rainwater from the evacuation stage to flow through the receiving port. Evacuation device.