JP6158804B2 - 濡れセンサ、濡れ監視システム、および関連する方法 - Google Patents
濡れセンサ、濡れ監視システム、および関連する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
最初に図1を参照すると、本発明の一実施形態による電源内蔵式濡れセンサ10aは、導電性液体Lと接触した場合、その回路を動作させるために必要とされる電力を自然発生する。センサの回路は、電磁信号12を遠隔電磁検出器14に送信するためにこの電力を使用する。信号12は、導電性液体Lを発生させた濡れ事象に関する情報を含む。センサ10aのさらなる詳細およびセンサ10aの代替的な実施形態について図2〜5に関連して次に説明する。
本発明のさらに別の態様では、センサ10a、bは、センサ10a、bの付近で液体の運動を管理するために設計された構成要素を有するセンサ組立体に組み込まれる。
図15を参照すると、本発明の別の態様は、1台以上のセンサ10が中に統合されているおむつまたはブリーフのような下着120である。センサ10がどのようにして中に統合されているかを示すこの下着120の構造の典型的な実施例は、図16の下着120aの切取図において最も良く分かる。センサ10は、本明細書に記載されたセンサ実施形態のうちのいずれでもよい。下着120aは、センサ組立体に関連して説明された複数の同じ材料層を含む。下着120aは、使用者の皮膚から液体を遠ざけ、この液体を吸収材料の中に蓄積するためにおむつのように機能する。その結果、このような実施形態では、センサ10bは、下着120aを製作するために使用された材料層の中に統合される。その結果、センサ組立体のような下着120a挿入物ではなく、下着120aは、センサ10bが内蔵されている。
前述のセンサ、センサ組立体、およびセンサ統合型下着は、コンピュータベースの濡れ監視システムにおいて利用される場合に特に役立つ。たとえば、子供または患者の濡れを監視するために介護者のような監視人によって使用されることがあるコンピュータベースの濡れ監視システムを、本発明者らは開発した。好ましいシステムは、本発明の態様によれば、排尿または排便のような濡れ事象が起こった場合、介護者が警報信号を受信し、それによって介護者が上記事象に素早く応答することを可能にさせる。以下詳述されるように、1台以上の濡れセンサは、この1台以上のセンサが検出対象液体で侵襲されることを可能にするような位置において、監視すべきアイテムに貼られる。濡れセンサからの電磁信号を検出するために割り当てられた受信機−送信機(トランシーバ)は、濡れセンサから送信されたRF信号の検出範囲内に位置する。トランシーバは、監視すべきアイテムに固有の情報を用いてプログラムされている。濡れセンサが侵襲される場合、ガルバニ電池は、センサに給電し、センサは、引き続いて一連のデータをトランシーバに送信する。データには、侵襲された濡れセンサに固有のコードと、センサから受信した状態または値を表現するデータと、利用できる場合の位置または姿勢情報と、濡れセンサに関連付けられた他のデータとを含んでよい。トランシーバは、このデータをトランシーバの識別表示と共に遠隔データベースに渡す。システムは、その後、初期化され、次の濡れ事象に対する準備ができるか、または、濡れセンサもしくは監視される装置(たとえば、おむつ)が再初期化前に交換されるまで待機する。トランシーバは、使用者によって着用されること、および、使用者から遠く離れて設置されることがある。
本発明の別の態様では、濡れセンサは、臭気センサと置き換えられる。この態様において、前述のセンサ組立体の配置、センサと統合された下着、および濡れ検出システムの動作は、信号が濡れではなく臭気に応答して検出器に送信される点を除いて同じである。臭気物質(濡れ吸収品に付加された化学的タグ)には、アルコール類、ケトン類、チオール類、エステル類などを含む複数の香料入りまたは無香料の揮発性化学物質を含んでよい。臭気物質は、選ばれたセンサを使用して検出され、上記センサを、表面音響波(SAW)センサ、金属−有機半導体(MOS)センサ、電界効果トランジスタ(FET)、または化学抵抗センサから選択してよい。臭気物質は、センサ読み取り装置によって電気的に読み取られ、解釈できるセンサの物理的または化学的状態の変化を引き起こす。センサ装置は、検出対象である所定の化学物質に選択的である臭気物質フィルタを有してよい。臭気物質は、偽陽性を防止するために、健康施設で検出される可能性が最も低い臭気物質の中から選ばれることがある。
センサ10a、bを、袋の中の流体の存在を示すために、尿または他の廃棄物収集袋のような液体収集袋、または、流体供給袋の中に入れてよい。このセンサは、袋が一杯または空であるときを決定するために使用できる。袋に内蔵された複数のセンサ10a、10bは、センサ10a、bの起動(firing)のタイミングに基づいて充填の速度または充填の割合を決定するために使用できる。さらに、ある程度の濡れ検出モードをもつ単一のセンサ10a、bが同様に使用できる。
おむつの中の濡れ検出と類似して、創傷包帯の中の水分の検出は、同様に重要である。本発明の別の態様では、濡れセンサ10a、bのうち1つ又は複数は、水分の存在、または、包帯の下もしくは中に存在する水分の量を示すために創傷包帯に埋め込まれるか、または、装着される。センサ10a、bは、前述のとおり、データベース216と通信するトランシーバ202と通信することがある。創部ケアの用途では、たとえば、血液、汗、または膿のような異なる流体タイプの間の区別は、創傷の状態に関する付加情報(たとえば、感染、健康、激しい出血)を提供することがある。
濡れセンサ10a、bは、被検流体の存在を検出するためにラテラル・フロー・テスト・ストリップまたは免疫学的検定に組み込まれることがある。この同じセンサを、検定の結果を検出し、トランシーバ202とデータベース216とに送信するように構成してよい。
様々な固体−液体転移温度をもつ材料を、温度検知を可能にするために濡れセンサ10a、bに、または、濡れセンサ10a、bと共に設置してよい。材料がその融解温度に達した場合、上記材料は液体に変化し、この液体がセンサ10a、bを作動させる。前述のとおり、センサ10a、bは、その後、信号をトランシーバに送信する。
複数の乾燥剤および他の吸湿性材料が、湿気を吸収する。たとえば、ある種のゲル類、ゼラチン類、アクリル類、および他の材料は、水分を容易に吸収する。センサ10a、bは、非常に低い電力を使用して機能するので、これは、吸湿性材料または水分吸収材料を通る導電性経路が利用可能である場合、センサ10a、bが部分的に濡れた環境であっても電圧および電流を発生させることを可能にする。
圧力センサは、圧力がパケットに加えられた場合に放出されるように構成された液体の小さいパケットで濡れセンサを膨らませる(augmenting)ことにより作り出すことができる。このパケットは、塩水を収容することがあり、所望の圧力が得られた場合にセンサを最適に始動させるために種々の材料および構成で作られることがある。
センサ10a、bの別の有用なアプリケーションは、手の衛生監視に属する。本実施例では、センサ10a、bは、(包帯、リストストラップ、または指輪のように)手、手首、または指の上に置かれることがある。センサ10a、bは、手が石鹸または他の流体と接触する度に信号を始動させ、送信することになる。この信号は、手の衛生プロトコルとの整合性を監視するため様々な場所(石鹸取り出し容器、患者ベッド受信機、中央局)にあるトランシーバ202に送信される。
本願は、2011年7月20日付けで出願された、「A Self−Powered Disposable Wetness Sensor and Response System and Related Methods」と題する米国仮出願第61/509,774号、および2011年7月27日付けで出願された、「A Self−Powered Disposable Wetness Sensor and Response System and Related Methods」と題する米国仮出願第61/512,071号への優先権を主張し、これらの両方の内容全体を参照によって本明細書に援用する。
Claims (17)
- 複数の電極、回路、および送信機が載っている基板を含み、
前記複数の電極の各一端が互いに結合され、前記複数の電極の各他端が液体と接触する場合に電力を発生させ、
前記複数の電極の各一端に結合された前記回路は、前記電力により作動され、前記電力の電気パラメータを検出し、前記の検出された電気パラメータに対応する濡れの度合いを示す複数のデータパケットを生成し、
前記回路に電気的に結合された前記送信機は、前記回路から前記複数のデータパケットを受信し、電磁信号として前記複数のデータパケットの表現を送信するように構成される、
液体センサ。 - それぞれの連続するデータパケットが前記検出された電気パラメータに比例する時間間隔によって分離される、請求項1に記載の液体センサ。
- 前記回路は、所定電力値が達成されるまで前記電力を蓄積し、後に前記の蓄積された電力を前記送信機に放出するように構成される、請求項1に記載の液体センサ。
- 連続するデータパケットは、前記所定電力値に到達するために必要とされる時間に比例する時間間隔によって分離される、請求項3に記載の液体センサ。
- 前記電力が放出された場合、データパケットが生成される、請求項3に記載の液体センサ。
- 前記検出された電気パラメータは、電圧、抵抗、電流、またはこれらの組み合わせから選択される、請求項1に記載の液体センサ。
- 濡れの前記度合いは、前記電極の付近での液体の量に対応する、請求項1に記載の液体センサ。
- 前記基板は、可撓性電気絶縁体であり、ほぼ平面的な表面を含み、前記複数の電極、前記回路、および前記送信機は、前記ほぼ平面的な表面に沿って同一平面的な関係で配置される、請求項1に記載の液体センサ。
- 前記基板は、縦方向に沿って細長く、第1の電極が、前記縦方向に沿って延びる第1の導電性配線を含み、第2の電極が、前記縦方向に沿って延びる第2の導電性配線を含む、請求項1に記載の液体センサ。
- 複数の液体吸収材料層をさらに含み、前記基板がこれらの間に位置付けられる、請求項1に記載の液体センサ。
- 請求項1乃至10のいずれか一項に記載の1つ又は複数の液体センサと、
前記複数のデータパケットを受信し、通信ネットワークを介して電子データベースにデータを通信するように構成された1つ以上のトランシーバと、
を含む濡れ検出システム。 - 濡れが検知された場合、監視人に警報を発するために機械読み取り可能なプログラム命令を実行するように構成されたコンピュータプロセッサをさらに含む、請求項11に記載の濡れ検出システム。
- 液体が前記電極と接触する場合に濡れ事象が発生し、センサ使用者のため前記電子データベースに記憶された濡れ事象履歴データに基づいて前記センサ使用者の未来の濡れ事象を予測するために機械読み取り可能なプログラム命令を実行するように構成されたコンピュータプロセッサをさらに含む、請求項11に記載の濡れ検出システム。
- 前記1台以上の液体センサは、使用者の下着に位置付けられる、請求項11に記載の濡れ検出システム。
- センサの付近で液体の存在を検出するステップであって、前記センサは、複数の電極、回路、および送信機が上に位置付けられた基板を有し、前記検出するステップは、
前記複数の電極の各一端を互いに結合し、前記複数の電極の各他端が液体と接触する場合に電力を発生させるステップと、
前記複数の電極の各一端に結合された前記回路は、前記電力により作動され、前記電力の電気パラメータを検出し、前記の検出された電気パラメータに対応する濡れの度合いを示す複数のデータパケットを生成するステップを含む、検出するステップと、
前記センサから送信された信号を受信するステップであって、前記信号は前記複数のデータパケットの表現を含む、受信するステップと、
を含む、液体を検出する方法。 - 前記検出された電気パラメータを濡れ値と相関させることにより前記電極の付近で液体の量を決定するステップをさらに含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記検出された電気パラメータを液体タイプと相関させることにより前記電極の付近で液体のタイプを決定するステップをさらに含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
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