JP6158171B2 - 合成c型肝炎ゲノム、並びに、その製造方法及びその使用 - Google Patents
合成c型肝炎ゲノム、並びに、その製造方法及びその使用 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本願は、2011年5月2日に出願の米国仮特許出願第61/481,457号からの利益を主張するものである。斯かる米国仮特許出願は、あらゆる目的において、参照することにより本明細書に援用されて、本明細書で十分に説明したものとされる。
本発明は、助成番号.RO1 DA 024565の下で、米国政府による援助を受けてなされたものである。米国政府は、本発明に対して特定の権利を有する。
コンジュゲートは、通常、コンジュゲートの合成方法と同様に、先行技術として知られている。例えば、Hudecz F., Methods Mol.Biol.,298: 209−223(2005)や、Kirin et al., Inorg.Chem., 44(15): 5405−5415 (2005)を参照。
E1領域とNS5B領域の樹は、アライメント(ギャップを文字としてカウントした)において、9992ヌクレオチドサイトのうち9763(〜98%)で一致する祖先配列を生成した。各樹に、0.9837以上のMPPのコドン閾値を適用すると、68/3012(2.2%)の未解決コドン(unresolved codons)が残った。これらの68コドンのうち、42は同義コドン間から選ばれ、26は非同義コドン間から選ばれた。共分散ネットワークは、両義性を解決するために用いた。
共変動位置:68個の未解決コドンのうち、4個は、ゲノムにおける解決位置(H77位置1157、1611、2120及び6554)への依存に基づいて決定した。4個の位置(1157、1611、2120及び6554)は、同義の変化であった。位置1611と6554は、ゲノムにわたって複数のサイトリンクしており(それぞれ50と3)、位置1157と2120は、1つの他の解決位置にリンクしていた。共変動は、統計的にのみ検出され、生物学的な結合については更なる研究における課題である。
Bole1aの代表的な特徴:一旦、Bole1aの完全な代表的な配列が決定されると、Bole1aが、ヌクレオチド又は蛋白のHCVサブタイプ1a配列のあらゆるセットを表すもので、再構築されたもの由来の単なる配列でないことを確かることが望まれていた。これを確かめるため、確認のために2つの追加データセットを用いた。第一のデータセットは、Yusimらの論文(J.Gen.Virol.91:1194−1206(2010))からであり、Los Alamos HCVデータベースから収集された。このデータセットは、143シーケンスを含み、それらのうち136は、オリジナルデータセットに存在するが、その報告の著者らは、関連する配列をリサンプリングするのを避けるために、データセットを精選した(curated)。このデータセットは、Yusimデータセットと呼ばれる。第2のデータセット(E1E2データセットと呼ばれる)は、214のE1E2配列を含む。これらは、我々が進行中のBBAASHコホートから得られたものである。後者データセットの配列は、ジェンバンクでの、又は、LANLデータベースからの全長の配列に関するものではない。近接結合樹は、Bole1aは中心から連続して枝分かれしていることから、Bole1aは、YusimデータセットやE1E2データセットの両方の代表であることが示唆される(図1)。
9残基アミノ酸のカバー度の比較において認められる明らかな制限は、全ての9残基アミノ酸がT細胞エピトープとして認識されるものではないからである。エピトープカバー度に焦点を当てるために、公知のサブタイプ1aのT細胞エピトープの全て(CD4とCD8の両方)を、免疫エピトープデータベース(www.immuneepitope.org/)から選択した。これらのエピトープは、少なくとも1アッセイでポジティブな結果を得たものである。データベースの548エピトープのうち、338のエピトープが、Yusimデータセット配列の少なくとも半分に存在していた(AF271632及びAX100563は、それぞれがHCV−1及びH77と関連することにより除かれる)。Bole1aは、これらの338エピトープの最高カバー度(100%)を示した(図3b)。HCV−1やH77は、HCV免疫において抗原として共通に用いられているが、これらの338エピトープのうち、それぞれ、317と316(〜93%)の一致にすぎない。図3bは、Yusimデータセットにおける全ての配列のエピトープカバー度の分散を示している。配列の80%に存在したエピトープが含まれるとき、Bole1aは94%のカバー度を示し、H77とHCV−1は、それぞれ、87%と91%のカバー度を示した(データ非掲載)。HCV−1やH77が、これらのエピト―プが派生する多くの研究で抗原として用いられてきた第1の分離株であったので、これらのカバー度は、分析バイアスが部分的に入ったことによるものかもしれない。最後に、エピトープの変異体をインターフェロンガンマ エリスポット分析で測定したところ、Bole1aゲノムにおける変異体は、H77や単純な共通配列を含む、他の配列よりも連続して免疫原性があることが示されている(データ非掲載)。
Bole1a偽粒子:レンチウィルス偽粒子を使用したとき、個々のE1E2試験単離体の約75%が、低い感染活性であった(バックグランドよりも5標準偏差だけ高い値未満)(図4)。エンベロープ遺伝子の多様性は、非常に高く、20コドンウィンドウにおける非同義の多様性平均36%を伴う(図2)。この多様性や我々の手法の結果として、Bole1aは、我々が調査したゲノムの中でも特徴的なHVR1配列(ETHVTGGSAARATAGFAGLFTPGAKQN)(配列番号3)であり、BLAST(blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)やHMMER(hmmer.janelia.org)を用いたこのペプチド配列の調査でも、同一配列は見つからなかった。感染力ためのネガティブな予測因子であるが機能を測定するために、Bole1aのE1E2配列をレンチウィルス偽粒子に再構成して用いた。驚いたことに、HCVpp−Bole1aは、Hep3B標的細胞に、高感染性で十分に特徴付けされた単離HCVpp−H77に匹敵する高効率で感染した(図4)。Bole1a HCVppを抗CD81抗体でブロッキングすると、感染力で少なくとも10倍減少し(p=0.0008)、一方、アイソタイプコントロール抗体は感染力が変化しなかった(p=0.85;図4)。閾値より低いRLU値(図4)は、高分散で複製能が低いことが分かった。サブタイプ1a HCVppの比較パネルにおいて、ストップコドン、フレームシフト変異、若しくは他の明確な欠損を含むものは除外しているが、これらのクローンの多くで感染力低下を起こしたという、他の生物学的特徴が若しくは人為的特徴があることは、明白である。重要なことに、この実験の目的は、Bole1a E1E2が、それらの合成起源やHCVエンベロープの高可変性にもかかわらず、全てにおいて機能的であるか否かを決定することである。すなわち、このE1E2はHCVppシステムにおいて感染性であることは、全く予期しないものであった。更に、Bole1a HCVppは、ヒト血清で容易に中和された。BBAASH被験者の30%が、エントリーの少なくとも85%を阻害し、BBAASHコホートからの被験者の90%(40中36)で、Bole1a HCVppエントリーの少なくとも50%を阻害し、一方で、ノーマルヒト血清やHCV血清陰性のプール血清では、非中和が観察された。
予備解析から、Bole1aからのエピトープは、試験された単離物の中で最も免疫原性が高いことが示された。Bole1aエピトープが従来の見解と異なるというこれらの場合(15試験中2試験)では、慢性的に感染した患者から得たT細胞は、循環配列や共通配列からの対応するエピトープよりも、Bole1aエピトープをよく認識した(データ非掲載)。Bole1aは、循環する株の代表であるから、ウィルス適応性を阻害するエスケープ変異を含むことはないようである。例えば、Bole1a配列は、位置1444にYを有し、一方、その位置のFは、エスケープ変異であると信じられている。そのエスケープ変異は、NS3の1436−1444エピトープに、あまり強くないT細胞反応を引き起こすものである。更に、Bole1aは、KLVALGINAV(配列番号4)配列をNS3の1406−1416に含む。このエピトープの3つの変異体は、これらの変異体を最も解釈しやすいエスケープをするMHC結合能における変化を伴わずに、T細胞反応を減少させることを示した。
上記に記載の本発明の方法を用いることで、2つの追加の合成HCVゲノムポリヌクレオチド配列を調製した。配列は、第2のHCVサブタイプ1a(配列番号5)とその分離されたアミノ酸配列(配列番号6)、HCVサブタイプ1b(配列番号7)とその分離されたアミノ酸配列(配列番号8)である。
Claims (10)
- 配列番号1(SEQ ID NO:1)のヌクレオチド配列又は該ヌクレオチド配列の相補鎖(complement)を含む合成のC型肝炎ウィルスサブタイプ1a(Bole1a)のゲノムを符号化する核酸分子。
- 請求項1に記載の単離された核酸分子を含む単離された宿主細胞。
- 宿主細胞が哺乳類細胞である、請求項2に記載の単離された宿主細胞。
- 請求項1に記載の核酸によって符号化される単離されたポリペプチド。
- 配列番号2のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項4に記載の単離されたポリペプチド。
- (a)配列番号1の配列の該当する部分に符号化されるコア配列の最後の27アミノ酸と、続くE1とE2領域のアミノ酸配列と、
(b)レポーターエレメントを含む、ウィルス粒子。 - 前記レポーターエレメントが、ルシフェラーゼポリ蛋白又は該ルシフェラーゼポリ蛋白の機能的部位である、請求項6に記載のウィルス粒子。
- 配列番号2のアミノ酸配列からなるポリペプチドのコア領域の最後の27アミノ酸、並びにE1及びE2領域のアミノ酸配列を含む、HCV抗原。
- 請求項8に記載の抗原を含む、HCVに感染した対象を治療するための医薬組成物であって、前記医薬組成物が、対象における前記抗原に対する免疫応答を刺激するのに十分な量で、対象に投与され、前記免疫応答が、対象におけるHCVのウィルス量を減らすのに十分である、医薬組成物。
- (a)2以上のHCVポリヌクレオチド配列を得て、
(b)適切なアラインメントプログラムを用いてポリヌクレオチド配列を整列させ、
(c)前記(b)において、系統樹用のパラメーターの収束を確認するための十分な繰り返しのために、アライメントの系統学的に有益な情報の2つの領域を適用したベイジアン法又は最尤法を用いて、2以上の系統樹をアライメントから作製し、
(d)評価に用いるプログラムが、各位置における確率分布として祖先配列を推測しなければならず、各塩基における確率を発生させるもので、系統樹及び推測された祖先配列の両方を、HCVゲノムの残部の祖先配列を推測するために用い、
(e)次の方法(方法I及びII)、すなわち、
ゲノムにおける各ヌクレオチド位置iにおいて、両樹の最大事後確率(MMP)残基が一致する場合、その位置における確率(pi)は、2つのMMPsのうち高いものが選択され、これらの位置は合致として確定し、
各不一致位置(MPP残基が一致しない位置)において、直接ステップ(f)へ進み(方法I)、又は、両樹に基づく不一致位置を含むコドンkの結合確率を計算し(方法II)、
該コドン中の一致残基においては、前記ステップで計算されるpiが結合確率を計算するのに用いられ、
2つの樹から高い結合MPPを有するコドンが、そのコドン位置の代表に選択される方法で最終代表配列を推測し、
(f)二次導関数での相違が10−6より低いMPP値での、コドン/ヌクレオチドMPPsの分布における変曲が、コドン/ヌクレオチドを解決するための閾値として用いられ、
各樹に基づく閾値以上のMPPを有する各コドン/ヌクレオチドは、祖先のものとして受け入れられ、その構成の位置は解決位置と確定されるように、コドン/ヌクレオチドMPPのためのストリンジェントな閾値を決定し、
(g)観察及び予期される塩基組合せの頻度が決定され、カイ二乗測定基準は、式1に示されるように計算され、ホルム−ボンフェローニ法(α=0.05)を用いた多重比較法により調整され、未解決位置を決定するために共分散分析を使用し、
ンが選択され、そして、
(i)合成のHCVポリヌクレオチド、又は該ポリヌクレオチドの断片若しくは一部を合成する、
合成のHCVウィルスポリヌクレオチドの調製方法。
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