JP6147745B2 - 燃料電池および関連用途のための改良されたプロトン交換膜層 - Google Patents
燃料電池および関連用途のための改良されたプロトン交換膜層 Download PDFInfo
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfurochloridic acid Chemical compound OS(Cl)(=O)=O XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid;sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC1(C)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VBVBHWZYQGJZLR-UHFFFAOYSA-I antimony pentafluoride Chemical compound F[Sb](F)(F)(F)F VBVBHWZYQGJZLR-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 claims description 2
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- ZXPNHQOWDWPUEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid;sulfuric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O.OS(O)(=O)=O ZXPNHQOWDWPUEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AOLPZAHRYHXPLR-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentafluoroniobium Chemical compound F[Nb](F)(F)(F)F AOLPZAHRYHXPLR-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 claims description 2
- YRGLXIVYESZPLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-I tantalum pentafluoride Chemical compound F[Ta](F)(F)(F)F YRGLXIVYESZPLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 claims description 2
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000001408 Carbon monoxide poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000005374 Poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001241 arc-discharge method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical group FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
- C25B13/04—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
- C25B13/08—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material based on organic materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
- H01M8/1053—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends consisting of layers of polymers with at least one layer being ionically conductive
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
- H01M8/1055—Inorganic layers on the polymer electrolytes, e.g. inorganic coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0088—Composites
- H01M2300/0094—Composites in the form of layered products, e.g. coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0234—Carbonaceous material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1067—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by their physical properties, e.g. porosity, ionic conductivity or thickness
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
本出願は、2011年8月4日に出願された米国特許仮出願第61/515207号に対する優先権を主張するものであり、これは、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
本開示は、燃料電池に関し、特にプロトン交換膜燃料電池(PEMFC)に関する。具体的に、本開示は、改良されたプロトン交換膜(PEM)に関する。
Claims (18)
- プロトンを輸送するのに使用するための膜積層体であって、
第1のポリマー層と、
第2のポリマー層と、
前記第1のポリマー層と前記第2のポリマー層との間に封入された炭素材料の層と、
を備え、
前記炭素材料の層が、前記第1のポリマー層および前記第2のポリマー層によってアノードおよびカソードから電気的に絶縁されており、
前記炭素材料の層が、超強酸によってインターカレーションされた複数の炭素材料を含み、前記炭素材料は、カーボンナノチューブ、フラーレン若しくはフラーレンブラック、又は、これらの組み合わせから選択される、ことを特徴とする膜積層体。 - 前記第1のポリマー層、前記第2のポリマー層、または前記第1および第2のポリマー層の両方が、プロトンを輸送することができるイオン伝導性ポリマーを含む、請求項1に記載の膜積層体。
- 前記炭素材料の層は、カーボンナノチューブ、又は、カーボンナノチューブの束を含む、請求項1の膜積層体。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブは、当該カーボンナノチューブ間にインターカレーションされたプロトンを含み、前記プロトンは可動性である、請求項3に記載の膜積層体。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブは、前記カーボンナノチューブ間にインターカレーションされた対アニオン(counter anion)を更に含み、前記対アニオンは、前記プロトンより可動性が低い、請求項4に記載の膜積層体。
- 前記第1のポリマー層、前記第2のポリマー層、または前記第1および第2のポリマー層の両方が、イオン伝導性ポリマーを含む、請求項1に記載の膜積層体。
- 前記イオン伝導性ポリマーは、イオン伝導性基で誘導体化されたフルオロポリマーを含む、請求項6に記載の膜積層体。
- 前記イオン伝導性ポリマーは、疎水性領域および親水性領域を備える、請求項6に記載の膜積層体。
- 前記第1のポリマー層、前記第2のポリマー層、または前記第1および第2のポリマー層の両方が、水和されることが可能であってそれ故プロトンを輸送することができるナノ細孔を備えたナノ多孔性ポリマーを含む、請求項1に記載の膜積層体。
- 前記第1のポリマー層および前記第2のポリマー層は、前記炭素材料の層における空間または孔を介して互いに部分的な物理的接触状態にある、請求項1に記載の膜積層体。
- 前記超強酸は、酸性度が100%硫酸または100%リン酸のものと同じまたはそれを超える酸である、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の膜積層体。
- 前記超強酸は、
クロロ硫酸、過塩素酸、フルオロ硫酸、フルオロスルホン酸、クロロスルホン酸、および、ペルフルオロアルカンスルホン酸からなる群から選択されるBronsted(ブレンステッド)超強酸、又は、
五フッ化ヒ素、五フッ化アンチモン、五フッ化ニオブ、および、五フッ化タンタルからなる群から選択されるLewis(ルイス)超強酸、又は、
発煙硫酸、多硫酸、ポリリン酸−発煙硫酸の混合物、ホウ酸−硫酸の混合物、および、フルオロ硫酸−五フッ化アンチモンからなる群から選択される共役Bronsted−Lewis超強酸、又は、
HAlBr 4 、および、HAlCl 4 からなる群から選択される共役Friedel−Crafts(フリーデル・クラフツ)酸、
である、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の膜積層体。 - 請求項1に記載の膜積層体を備える、燃料電池。
- 請求項1に記載の膜積層体を備える、電解槽。
- プロトンを輸送するのに使用するための膜積層体を形成する方法であって、
第1のポリマー層を提供することと、
炭素材料の層を提供することと、
第2のポリマー層を提供することと、
を含み、
前記炭素材料の層が、前記第1のポリマー層と前記第2のポリマー層との間に封入されており、
前記炭素材料の層が、前記第1のポリマー層および前記第2のポリマー層によってアノードおよびカソードから電気的に絶縁されており、
前記炭素材料の層が、超強酸によってインターカレーションされた複数の炭素材料を含み、前記炭素材料は、カーボンナノチューブ、フラーレン若しくはフラーレンブラック、又は、これらの組み合わせから選択される、ことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記第1のポリマー層、前記第2のポリマー層、または前記第1および第2のポリマー層の両方が、イオン伝導性ポリマーを含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のポリマー層、前記第2のポリマー層、または前記第1および第2のポリマー層の両方が、プロトンを輸送することができるナノ細孔を備えたナノ多孔性ポリマーを含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記超強酸は、酸性度が100%硫酸または100%リン酸のものと同じまたはそれを超える酸である、ことを特徴とする請求項15に記載の方法。
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