JP6126033B2 - オリビン型シリケート化合物の製造方法 - Google Patents
オリビン型シリケート化合物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6126033B2 JP6126033B2 JP2014063164A JP2014063164A JP6126033B2 JP 6126033 B2 JP6126033 B2 JP 6126033B2 JP 2014063164 A JP2014063164 A JP 2014063164A JP 2014063164 A JP2014063164 A JP 2014063164A JP 6126033 B2 JP6126033 B2 JP 6126033B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- silicate compound
- olivine
- mass
- lithium
- transition metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- -1 silicate compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 83
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000385 transition metal sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 19
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 11
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethylene glycol, Natural products OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ARXKVVRQIIOZGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-butanetriol Chemical compound OCCC(O)CO ARXKVVRQIIOZGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SZJXEIBPJWMWQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropane-1,1,1-triol Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)(O)O SZJXEIBPJWMWQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OQZCJRJRGMMSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium metaphosphate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]P(=O)=O OQZCJRJRGMMSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrapotassium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N (+)-propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-propanediol Substances OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALVZNPYWJMLXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,9-Nonanediol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCO ALVZNPYWJMLXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YSARLFIXKUULQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-diethylpropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound CCC(CC)(CO)CO.CCC(CC)(CO)CO YSARLFIXKUULQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWLALWYNXFYRGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethyl-1,3-hexanediol Chemical compound CCCC(O)C(CC)CO RWLALWYNXFYRGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BGIPUMUFMJVJQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)(CO)CO.CCCCC(CC)(CO)CO BGIPUMUFMJVJQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SDQROPCSKIYYAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyloctane-1,8-diol Chemical compound OCC(C)CCCCCCO SDQROPCSKIYYAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWGRWMMWNDWRQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(C)CO QWGRWMMWNDWRQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXFJDZNJHVPHPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCCC(C)CCO SXFJDZNJHVPHPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MOMKYJPSVWEWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(chloromethyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3-thiazole Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=NC(CCl)=CS1 MOMKYJPSVWEWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100031416 Gastric triacylglycerol lipase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101000941284 Homo sapiens Gastric triacylglycerol lipase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013385 LiN(SO2C2F5)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013392 LiN(SO2CF3)(SO2C4F9) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012424 LiSO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCO ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GTTSNKDQDACYLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trihydroxybutane Chemical compound CCCC(O)(O)O GTTSNKDQDACYLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSNQXZYQEIKDPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Fe] Chemical compound [Li].[Fe] QSNQXZYQEIKDPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- MCYBYTIPMYLHAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N adamantane-1,3,5-triol Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3(O)CC1(O)CC2(O)C3 MCYBYTIPMYLHAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- BMRWNKZVCUKKSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CCC(O)CO BMRWNKZVCUKKSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical class OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- IZSANPWSFUSNMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2,3-triol Chemical compound OC1CCCC(O)C1O IZSANPWSFUSNMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FSDSKERRNURGGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,3,5-triol Chemical compound OC1CC(O)CC(O)C1 FSDSKERRNURGGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FOTKYAAJKYLFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1,10-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCO FOTKYAAJKYLFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229940099402 potassium metaphosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Description
また、本発明は、上記製造方法により得られたオリビン型シリケート化合物にカーボン担持し、次いで焼成することを特徴とするリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質の製造方法を提供するものである。
さらに、本発明は、上記製造方法により得られたリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質を含む正極を有するリチウムイオン電池を提供するものである。
本発明の製造方法では、まず、MSO4(式中、Mは、Fe、Ni、Co、Al、Zn、V、Zr又はMnを示す)で表される遷移金属硫酸塩又は(R)2M(式中、Rは有機酸残基を示し、Mは、Fe、Ni、Co、Al、Zn、V、Zr又はMnを示す)で表される有機酸遷移金属塩、リチウム化合物、及びケイ酸化合物を混合する。
なお、この場合における反応混合液中のLiの含有量は、Mに対して2モル以上が好ましい。
なお、この場合における反応混合液中のLiは、遷移金属に対してモル比で2倍以上用いることが好ましく、Li:Mが2.5:1〜3:1程度がより好ましい。
また、上記2〜3価のアルコールのなかでも、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、テトラエチレングリコール、1,4−ブタンジオール、及びグリセリンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種が好ましく、エチレングリコール、グリセリンがより好ましい。
Li2M'SiO4 ・・・(1)
(式中、M'はFe、Ni、Co及びMnから選ばれる1種又は2種以上を示す。)
Lia'FexMnyAlzSiO4 ・・・(2)
(式中、a'、x、y及びzは、1<a'≦2、0≦x<1、0≦y<1、0<z<2/3、a'+2x+2y+3z=4、及びx+y≠0を満たす数を示す。)
Lia"FexMnyVz'SiO4 ・・・(3)
(式中、a"、x、y及びz'は、1<a"≦2、0≦x<1、0≦y<1、0<z'<1、a"+2x+2y+(2〜5)z'=4、及びx+y≠0を満たす数を示す。)
Lia"FexMnyZrz"SiO4 ・・・(4)
(式中、a"、x、y及びz"は、1<a"≦2、0≦x<1、0≦y<1、0<z"<0.5、a"+2x+2y+4z"=4、及びx+y≠0を満たす数を示す。)
Li2FexMnyZnqSiO4 ・・・(5)
(式中、x、y及びqは、0≦x<1、0≦y<1、0<q<1、x+y+q=1、及びx+y≠0を満たす数を示す。)
増粘剤としては、例えば、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化リチウム、アンモニアなどの塩基や酢酸、クエン酸などの有機酸を用いることができる。
LiOH・H2O 4.20g(0.1mol)、Na4SiO4・nH2O 13.97g(0.025mol)に超純水37.5cm3を加えて混合した(この時のpHは約12.5)。この水分散液にFeSO4・7H2O 1.31g(0.005mol)、MnSO4・5H2O 10.20g(0.42mol)、Zr(SO4)2・4H2O 0.53g(0.002mol)を添加し、混合した。得られた混合液をオートクレーブに投入し、150℃で12hr水熱反応を行った。反応後のスラリー(固形分濃度12質量%)を25℃に調整し、ろ過した。
次いで、ろ過物8質量部に対し、pH6.2の蒸留水100mL(ろ過物1質量部に対して12.5質量部)を洗浄液として用いて洗浄し、凍結乾燥した。凍結乾燥(約12時間)して得られた粉末4.2gにポリビニルアルコール(炭素濃度として3%)及び超純水10cm3を加え、還元雰囲気下で700℃で1hr焼成してオリビン型シリケート化合物を得た。
なお、洗浄液のpHは、堀場製作所社製pHメーター(型番:D−51)を用いて測定した。
洗浄液としての蒸留水を200mL(ろ過物1質量部に対して25質量部)とした以外、実施例1と同様にしてオリビン型シリケート化合物を得た。
洗浄液としての蒸留水を400mL(ろ過物1質量部に対して50質量部)とした以外、実施例1と同様にしてオリビン型シリケート化合物を得た。
洗浄液として水酸化リチウム水溶液(1質量%濃度)を用い、pH12.0、100mL(ろ過物1質量部に対して12.5質量部)とした以外、実施例1と同様にしてオリビン型シリケート化合物を得た。
洗浄液としてリン酸アンモニウム水溶液(1質量%濃度)を用い、pH3.0、100mL(ろ過物1質量部に対して25質量部)とした以外、実施例1と同様にしてオリビン型シリケート化合物を得た。
洗浄液としてリン酸水素二アンモニウム水溶液(1質量%濃度)を用い、pH2.5、100mL(ろ過物1質量部に対して50質量部)とした以外、実施例1と同様にしてオリビン型シリケート化合物を得た。
洗浄液としてリン酸二水素アンモニウム水溶液(1質量%濃度)を用い、pH1.8、100mL(ろ過物1質量部に対して50質量部)とした以外、実施例1と同様にしてオリビン型シリケート化合物を得た。
洗浄液としてリン酸水溶液(1質量%濃度)を用い、pH1.6、100mL(ろ過物1質量部に対して50質量部)とした以外、実施例1と同様にしてオリビン型シリケート化合物を得た。
洗浄液を用いなかった以外、実施例1と同様にしてオリビン型シリケート化合物を得た
実施例1〜8及び比較例1〜2で得られたオリビン型シリケート化合物を用い、リチウムイオン電池の正極を作製した。得られた化合物、ケッチェンブラック(導電剤)、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(粘結剤)を重量比75:15:10の配合割合で混合し、これにN−メチル−2−ピロリドンを加えて充分混練し、正極スラリーを調製した。正極スラリーを厚さ20μmのアルミニウム箔からなる集電体に塗工機を用いて塗布し、80℃で12時間の真空乾燥を行った。その後、φ14mmの円盤状に打ち抜いてハンドプレスを用いて16MPaで2分間プレスし、正極とした。
洗浄液としての蒸留水を100mL(ろ過物1質量部に対して12.5質量部)とし、反応後スラリーを表2に示す温度に調整した以外、実施例1と同様にしてオリビン型シリケート化合物を得た。次いで、試験例1と同様にして、各リチウムイオン電池を製造し、充放電を1サイクル行った。得られた正極材で構築した電池の充放電容量を表2に示す。
上記実施例9及び比較例3において得られたオリビン型シリケート化合物を用い、X線回折を行った。得られた回折図を図1(実施例9)及び図2(比較例3)に示す。
図1〜2によれば、実施例9は不純物が確認されなかったのに対し、比較例3は不純物(Na2SO4)が存在することがわかる。
Claims (4)
- MSO4(式中、Mは、Fe、Ni、Co、Al、Zn、V、Zr又はMnを示す)で表される遷移金属硫酸塩又は(R)2M(式中、Rは有機酸残基を示し、Mは、Fe、Ni、Co、Al、Zn、V、Zr又はMnを示す)で表される有機酸遷移金属塩、リチウム化合物、及びケイ酸化合物を混合し、水熱反応させて一次粒子を得た後、得られた一次粒子を含む20〜50℃のスラリーを調製してろ過し、次いでスラリーの固形分1質量部に対して2.5〜50質量部の洗浄水で洗浄することを特徴とするオリビン型シリケート化合物の製造方法。
- 洗浄水のpHが、9.0〜13.5である請求項1に記載のオリビン型シリケート化合物の製造方法。
- 有機酸遷移金属塩、リチウム化合物、及びケイ酸化合物を混合するにあたり、さらに20〜80質量%のポリオールと水とを含有する溶媒を用いる請求項1又は2に記載のオリビン型シリケート化合物の製造方法。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のオリビン型シリケート化合物にカーボン担持し、次いで焼成することを特徴とするリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
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