JP6096220B2 - ゴム含有グラフト重合体粉体、並びにそれを含有する太陽電池用封止材及び合わせガラス用中間膜 - Google Patents
ゴム含有グラフト重合体粉体、並びにそれを含有する太陽電池用封止材及び合わせガラス用中間膜 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6096220B2 JP6096220B2 JP2014553100A JP2014553100A JP6096220B2 JP 6096220 B2 JP6096220 B2 JP 6096220B2 JP 2014553100 A JP2014553100 A JP 2014553100A JP 2014553100 A JP2014553100 A JP 2014553100A JP 6096220 B2 JP6096220 B2 JP 6096220B2
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- rubber
- graft polymer
- mass
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- polymer powder
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- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZCOBXFFBQJQHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCS KZCOBXFFBQJQHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperylene Natural products CC=CC=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZUFQCVZBBNZMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O ZUFQCVZBBNZMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940086066 potassium hydrogencarbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QDIGBJJRWUZARS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;decanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O QDIGBJJRWUZARS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MQOCIYICOGDBSG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;hexadecanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O MQOCIYICOGDBSG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003918 potentiometric titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dodecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940082004 sodium laurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BYKRNSHANADUFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O BYKRNSHANADUFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940045870 sodium palmitate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012321 sodium triacetoxyborohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- HLWRUJAIJJEZDL-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetate Chemical compound [Na+].OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O HLWRUJAIJJEZDL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CIJQGPVMMRXSQW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-aminoacetic acid;hydroxide Chemical compound O.[Na+].NCC([O-])=O CIJQGPVMMRXSQW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FIWQZURFGYXCEO-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;decanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O FIWQZURFGYXCEO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GGXKEBACDBNFAF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;hexadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O GGXKEBACDBNFAF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010558 suspension polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009283 thermal hydrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFLKFZNIIQFQBS-FNCQTZNRSA-N trans,trans-1,4-Diphenyl-1,3-butadiene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 JFLKFZNIIQFQBS-FNCQTZNRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl benzoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F6/00—Post-polymerisation treatments
- C08F6/14—Treatment of polymer emulsions
- C08F6/22—Coagulation
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F265/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof as defined in group C08F20/00
- C08F265/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof as defined in group C08F20/00 on to polymers of esters
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- C08F279/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of monomers having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds as defined in group C08F36/00
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Description
本発明のゴム含有グラフト重合体粉体は、下記式(1):
本発明におけるゴム状重合体は、アクリル酸アルキルエステル及び/又は共役ジエンを重合させることにより得られる。バランスよく衝撃強度と耐候性に優れるゴム状重合体が得られる点で、共役ジエン(x1)とアルキル基の炭素数が2〜8のアクリル酸アルキルエステル(x2)とを含む単量体(x)を重合させて得られるものであることが好ましい。共役ジエン(x1)としては、1,3−ブタジエン、イソプレン、1,3−ペンタジエン、2,3−ジメチルブタジエン、2−メチル−1,3−ペンタジエン、3−メチル−1,3−ペンタジエン、1,3−ヘキサジエン、2,4−ヘキサジエン、2−エチル−1,3−ブタジエン、2−フェニル−1,3−ブタジエン、1−フェニル−1,3−ブタジエン、1,3−ジフェニル−1,3−ブタジエン、1,4−ジフェニル−1,3−ブタジエン、2,3−ジフェニルブタジエン、1,3−シクロヘキサジエンなどが挙げられる。
ゴム状重合体は、ゴム含有グラフト重合体粉体の体積平均粒子径を好ましい範囲とするために、ゴム状重合体ラテックス〔I〕に対して、肥大化剤を添加することで粒子の肥大化を行い、肥大化ゴム状重合体ラテックス〔I′〕を得ることができる。
ゴム含有グラフト重合体は、前記ゴム状重合体の存在下でビニル単量体をグラフト重合して得られるものである。ゴム含有グラフト重合体は、例えば、ゴム状重合体ラテックス〔I〕又は肥大化ゴム状重合体ラテックス〔I′〕の存在下、ビニル単量体をグラフト重合して得ることができる。
グラフト重合の完了後、得られたラテックスからゴム含有グラフト重合体粉体を回収するには、必要に応じて酸化防止剤などの添加剤を加えた後、凝析剤の水溶液を使用する公知の方法で凝固させる。
本発明の太陽電池用封止材又は合わせガラス用中間膜は、ポリビニルアセタールを含有する。その含有割合は40質量%以上であることが好ましく、50質量%以上であることがより好ましく、60質量%以上であることがさらに好ましい。ポリビニルアセタールの含有割合が40質量%未満であると、耐腐食性及びガラスへの接着性が不十分となる傾向となる。また、本発明の太陽電池用封止材又は合わせガラス用中間膜においては、本発明の趣旨に反しない限り、ポリビニルアセタール以外の樹脂と混合することも可能であり、ポリビニルアセタールとそれ以外の樹脂との積層体を太陽電池用封止材又は合わせガラス用中間膜とすることも可能である。また、無機物(酸化チタン、タルク等)を混合することも可能である。
本発明の太陽電池用封止材又は合わせガラス用中間膜は、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲であれば、可塑剤、接着力調整剤、酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、光安定剤、ブロッキング防止剤、顔料、染料、機能性無機化合物等を、必要に応じてさらに含んでいてもよい。
本発明の太陽電池用封止材及び合わせガラス用中間膜の製造方法は特に限定されないが、上記のポリビニルアセタール100質量部に対してゴム含有グラフト重合体粉体1〜100質量部を含有し、必要に応じてこれに所定量の可塑剤、及び/又は他の添加剤を配合し、均一に混練した後、押出し法、カレンダー法、プレス法、キャスティング法、インフレーション法等、公知の製膜方法によりシートを作製し、これを太陽電池用封止材又は合わせガラス用中間膜とすることができる。
JIS K6726:1994年の規定に基づき測定した。なお、PVB樹脂の平均重合度は、原料となるポリビニルアルコールの平均重合度と一致する。結果を表1に示す。
JIS K6728:1977年の規定に基づき測定した。
JIS K6728:1977年の規定に基づき測定した。また、PVBのビニルアセテート成分の量、PVBのビニルアルコール成分の量からPVBのアセタール化度を求めた。結果を表1に示す。
PVBのエタノール溶液を塩酸で滴定し、PVB100gあたりの中和滴定に要する0.01mol/Lの塩酸量(アルカリタイター値:mL)で評価した。結果を表1に示す。
JIS K6728:1977年の規定に基づき測定した。結果を表1に示す。
JIS K 7142のA法に基づいて測定した。結果を表1に示す。
JIS K 7142に基づいて測定した。結果を表2に示す。
JIS K 7244−4:1999年の規定に基づいて測定し、tanδのピーク値を採用した。結果を表2に示す。
重合により得られたゴム含有グラフト重合体ラテックス1gをアセトン10gで希釈した試料を、ガスクロマトグラフ(機種名「7890」、アジレント・テクノロジー株式会社製)、カラム(商品名「HP−5」、内径0.25mm、長さ30m、膜厚0.25μm、アジレント・テクノロジー株式会社製)を用い、ラテックス中に残存する単量体成分量を測定し、残存する単量体成分量から単量体成分の重合率を算出した。内部標準物質としてはメチルイソブチルケトンを用いた。結果を表2に示す。
大塚電子株式会社製の粒子径測定器ELS800を用いて、ゴム含有グラフト重合体ラテックスの粒子径を測定した。ゴム含有グラフト重合体ラテックスの濃度はおよそ0.1%に調製し、必要に応じて更に希釈して測定に供した。結果を表2に示す。
(ゴム状重合体の製造)
1,3−ブタジエンを除く物質については、その中に含まれる酸素を窒素で置換し、実質上重合反応を阻害しない状態とした。その後、アクリル酸ブチル55部、1,3−ブタジエン45部、ジイソプロピルベンゼンパーオキサイド0.2部、牛脂酸カリウム1部、乳化剤として、N−ラウロイルザルコシン酸ナトリウム0.5部、ピロリン酸ナトリウム0.5部、硫酸第一鉄0.005部、デキストロース0.3部、脱イオン水200部をオートクレーブに仕込み、50℃で9時間かけて重合を行った。その結果、モノマー転化率97%前後、体積平均粒子径0.07〜0.08μmのゴム状重合体ラテックスが得られた。
硫酸第一鉄0.003部、エチレンジアミン四酢酸ナトリウム0.009部、ナトリウムホルムアルデヒドスルホキシレート0.3部、牛脂酸カリウム1.725部、ジアルキルスルホコハク酸ナトリウム2.5部及び脱イオン水200部を反応容器に加え、内温を60度に昇温したあと、アクリル酸ブチル85部、メタクリル酸15部及びクメンヒドロパーオキシド0.5部からなる混合物を、2時間にわたり連続滴下で投入して重合させた。さらに2時間撹拌を続けることにより、モノマー転化率97%以上の酸基含有共重合体ラテックスを得た。
ゴム状重合体のポリマー固形分100部を含むゴム状重合体ラテックスを入れた反応容器に、脱イオン水90部を加え、内温を40度に昇温したあと、4.5%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液によりpHを7〜8に調整した。その後、酸基含有共重合体ラテックス1部を加えて30分保持間した後、硫酸ナトリウム0.35部を加えてさらに10分間保持することによって肥大化ゴム質共重合体を得た。このときの体積平均粒子径は0.22μmであった。
撹拌機を取り付けた2m3反応器に、PVA(平均重合度1000、けん化度99モル%)の7.5質量%水溶液1700kg、ブチルアルデヒド74.6kg及び2,6−ジ−t−ブチル−4−メチルフェノール0.13kgを仕込み、全体を14℃に冷却した。ここに、濃度20質量%の硝酸水溶液160.1Lを添加して、PVAのブチラール化を開始した。添加終了後から10分後に昇温を開始し、90分かけて65℃まで昇温し、さらに120分反応を行った。その後、室温まで冷却して析出したPVBをろ過後、PVBに対して10倍量のイオン交換水で10回洗浄した。その後、0.3質量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いて十分に中和を行い、さらにPVBに対して10倍量のイオン交換水で10回洗浄し、脱水した後、乾燥させ、PVB(PVB−1)を得た。得られたPVBの分析結果を表1に示す。
撹拌機を取り付けた2m3反応器に、PVA(平均重合度1000、けん化度99モル%)の7.5質量%水溶液1700kg、ブチルアルデヒド80.0kg及び2,6−ジ−t−ブチル−4−メチルフェノール0.13kgを仕込み、全体を14℃に冷却した。ここに、濃度20質量%の硝酸水溶液160.1Lを添加して、PVAのブチラール化を開始した。添加終了後から10分後に昇温を開始し、90分かけて65℃まで昇温し、さらに120分反応を行った。その後、室温まで冷却して析出したPVBをろ過後、PVBに対して10倍量のイオン交換水で10回洗浄した。その後、0.3質量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いて十分に中和を行い、さらにPVBに対して10倍量のイオン交換水で10回洗浄し、脱水した後、乾燥させ、PVB(PVB−2)を得た。得られたPVBの分析結果を表1に示す。
製造例2で合成したPVB(PVB−1)100質量部に対して、製造例1で合成したゴム含有グラフト重合体粉体−1を11質量部、PVBの量に基づいてさらにpH調整用緩衝剤として酢酸25ppm及び酢酸マグネシウム175ppm、酸化防止剤400ppmを添加し、混合して得られたペレットを、圧力100kgf/cm2、熱板温度200℃にて5分プレスし、厚さ0.76mmのポリビニルブチラールシートを作製した。
得られたポリビニルブチラールシートについて、本明細書に記載の測定方法により熱水試験後の酸性成分溶出量を測定したところ、0.46KOHmg/gであった。
得られたポリビニルブチラールシートについて、本明細書に記載の方法で、圧縮せん断強さ測定を25℃で実施した。なお、合わせガラスサンプル24として、市販のフロートガラス(厚さ3mm、大きさ縦25mm×横25mm)2枚に上記ポリビニルブチラールシートを挟んだうえで、真空バック法(条件:30℃から160℃に60分間で昇温し、その後160℃で30分間保持)により作製されたもの(6サンプル)を用いた。試験は各サンプルを用いて、6回ずつ行なった。測定結果の平均値は、25℃では33MPaであった。
得られたポリビニルブチラールシートについて、JIS K 7136に基づいて合わせガラスサンプルを用いて測定した。測定結果は、1となった。
市販のフロートガラス(厚さ2.8mm、大きさ縦300mm×横300mm)2枚に上記ポリビニルブチラールシートを挟んだうえで、真空ラミネータ(日清紡メカトロニクス株式会社製;1522N)を用いて合わせガラスを作製した。その後、JIS R 3212の耐貫通性試験にて高さ2mから2260gの鋼球を落下させた。その結果、貫通しない(合格である)ことを確認した。次に高さ3mから2260gの鋼球を落下させた。その結果、貫通しない(合格である)ことを確認した。
PVB−1の代わりにPVB−2を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてポリビニルブチラールシートを作製した。作製したポリビニルブチラールを用いて、実施例1と同様の方法により、酸性成分溶出量、ガラスへの接着性、ヘイズ及び耐貫通性を評価した。結果を表2に示す。
ゴム含有グラフト重合体粉体−1の代わりにゴム含有グラフト重合体粉体−C1(アクリル系ゴム含有グラフト重合体粉体、三菱レイヨン株式会社製;メタブレンW377、ガラス転移温度−18℃、酸性成分含有量0.08KOHmg/g)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてポリビニルブチラールシートを作製した。作製したポリビニルブチラールシートを用いて、実施例1と同様の方法により、酸性成分溶出量、ガラスへの接着性、ヘイズ及び耐貫通性を評価した。結果を表2に示す。
ゴム含有グラフト重合体粉体−1の代わりに、ゴム含有グラフト重合体粉体−C2(シリコーン・アクリル複合ゴム含有グラフト重合体粉体、三菱レイヨン株式会社製;メタブレンS2006、ガラス転移温度−39℃、酸性成分含有量0.42KOHmg/g)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてポリビニルブチラールシートを作製した。作製したポリビニルブチラールシートを用いて、実施例1と同様の方法により、酸性成分溶出量、ガラスへの接着性、ヘイズ及び耐貫通性を評価した。結果を表2に示す。
ゴム含有グラフト重合体粉体−1の代わりに、ゴム含有グラフト重合体粉体−C3(ブタジエン系ゴム含有グラフト重合体粉体、三菱レイヨン株式会社製;メタブレンC223A、ガラス転移温度−77℃、酸性成分含有量3.07KOHmg/g)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてポリビニルブチラールシートを作製した。作製したポリビニルブチラールシートを用いて、実施例1と同様の方法により、酸性成分溶出量、ガラスへの接着性、ヘイズ及び耐貫通性を評価した。結果を表2に示す。
ゴム含有グラフト重合体粉体を用いないこと以外は、実施例1と同様にしてポリビニルブチラールシートを作製した。作製したポリビニルブチラールシートを用いて、実施例1と同様の方法により、酸性成分溶出量、ガラスへの接着性、ヘイズ及び耐貫通性を評価した。結果を表2に示す。
12 透明電極層
13 光電変換ユニット
13a p型層
13b i型層
13c n型層
14 裏面電極
15 封止材
16 ガラス基板
21 封止材
22 ガラス
23 ガラス
24 合わせガラスサンプル
31 圧縮せん断強さ測定ジグ(下部)
31a 凹部
31b 斜面
32 圧縮せん断強さ測定ジグ(上部)
32a 凹部
Claims (18)
- 下記式(1):
共役ジエン(x1)及びアルキル基の炭素数が2〜8のアクリル酸アルキルエステル(x2)を含む単量体(x)を重合させてなるゴム状重合体に対して、ビニル単量体をグラフト重合させてなる、太陽電池用封止材又は合わせガラス用中間膜用のポリビニルアセタール用ゴム含有グラフト重合体粉体。 - 前記単量体(x)が、共役ジエン(x1)25〜75質量%、アルキル基の炭素数が2〜8のアクリル酸アルキルエステル(x2)75〜25質量%及び共重合可能な他の単量体(x3)0〜5質量%を含む、請求項1に記載のゴム含有グラフト重合体粉体。
- 前記ゴム含有グラフト重合体粉体が、ゴム含有グラフト重合体粉体に含まれる乳化剤と、アルカリ土類金属イオンが塩を形成している、請求項1又は2に記載のゴム含有グラフト重合体粉体。
- 前記ゴム含有グラフト重合体粉体が、ゴム含有グラフト重合体粉体に含まれる弱酸系乳化剤と、アルカリ土類金属イオンが塩を形成している、請求項3に記載のゴム含有グラフト重合体粉体。
- 前記弱酸系乳化剤が脂肪酸系乳化剤である請求項4に記載のゴム含有グラフト重合体粉体。
- 前記ゴム含有グラフト重合体ラテックスの体積平均粒子径が0.13〜0.80μmである請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載のゴム含有グラフト重合体粉体。
- ポリビニルアセタールと請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載のゴム含有グラフト重合体粉体を含有する太陽電池用封止材。
- ポリビニルアセタール100質量部に対してゴム含有グラフト重合体粉体1〜100質量部を含有する請求項7に記載の太陽電池用封止材。
- 前記ポリビニルアセタールにより作製したフィルムと前記ゴム含有グラフト重合体粉体により作製したフィルムとの屈折率差が0.02以下であり、厚さ2.8mmのガラスを太陽電池用封止材の両面に接着させた積層体についてJIS R 3212の耐貫通性試験に準じて、鋼球を高さ2mから落下させた場合に貫通しない請求項7又は8に記載の太陽電池用封止材。
- 前記積層体についてJIS R 3212の耐貫通性試験に準じて、鋼球を高さ3mから落下させた場合に貫通しない請求項9に記載の太陽電池用封止材。
- 請求項7〜11のいずれかに記載の太陽電池用封止材を用いた太陽電池。
- ポリビニルアセタールと請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載のゴム含有グラフト重合体粉体を含有する合わせガラス用中間膜。
- ポリビニルアセタール100質量部に対してゴム含有グラフト重合体粉体1〜100質量部を含有する請求項13に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 前記ポリビニルアセタールにより作製したフィルムと前記ゴム含有グラフト重合体粉体により作製したフィルムとの屈折率差が0.02以下であり、厚さ2.8mmのガラスを合わせガラス用中間膜の両面に接着させた積層体についてJIS R 3212の耐貫通性試験に準じて、鋼球を高さ2mから落下させた場合に貫通しない請求項13又は14に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 前記積層体についてJIS R 3212の耐貫通性試験に準じて、鋼球を高さ3mから落下させた場合に貫通しない請求項15に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 請求項13〜17のいずれかに記載の合わせガラス用中間膜を用いた合わせガラス。
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