JP6074270B2 - グラフェンのパターニング方法、及びパターンニング用部材 - Google Patents
グラフェンのパターニング方法、及びパターンニング用部材 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6074270B2 JP6074270B2 JP2013004490A JP2013004490A JP6074270B2 JP 6074270 B2 JP6074270 B2 JP 6074270B2 JP 2013004490 A JP2013004490 A JP 2013004490A JP 2013004490 A JP2013004490 A JP 2013004490A JP 6074270 B2 JP6074270 B2 JP 6074270B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- graphene
- gas
- substrate
- patterning
- metal layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 106
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 106
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 title claims description 76
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 65
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 53
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000609 electron-beam lithography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/755—Nickel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76801—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing
- H01L21/76822—Modification of the material of dielectric layers, e.g. grading, after-treatment to improve the stability of the layers, to increase their density etc.
- H01L21/76823—Modification of the material of dielectric layers, e.g. grading, after-treatment to improve the stability of the layers, to increase their density etc. transforming an insulating layer into a conductive layer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76838—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/52—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames
- H01L23/522—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body
- H01L23/532—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body characterised by the materials
- H01L23/53204—Conductive materials
- H01L23/53276—Conductive materials containing carbon, e.g. fullerenes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Description
10 基板処理装置
41 パターニング用部材
49 触媒金属層
50 酸化グラフェン膜
51 配線
Claims (4)
- 所定のパターンのグラフェンを形成することができるグラフェンのパターニング方法であって、前記パターニング方法は、
前記所定のパターン且つ厚さが30nm以上の触媒金属層が形成されたパターンニング用部材を酸化グラフェン膜が形成された基板へ10分間以上接触させる接触ステップを有し、
前記接触ステップでは、還元ガスから生成されたプラズマが存在する環境下において、前記触媒金属層を前記酸化グラフェン膜に接触させ、前記基板及び前記パターンニング用部材の少なくとも一方が加熱されることを特徴とするグラフェンのパターニング方法。 - 前記還元ガスはH2ガス、NH3ガス、H4N2ガス、CH4ガス、C2H4ガス及びC2H2ガスの少なくとも1つを含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載のグラフェンのパターニング方法。
- 前記触媒金属層は、Cu、Ag、Au、Pt、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni及びMoの少なくとも1つを含むことを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載のグラフェンのパターニング方法。
- 前記パターンニング用部材は前記触媒金属層と接触する箇所に多数の前記所定のパターンの触媒金属層を有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至3記載のグラフェンのパターニング方法。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2013004490A JP6074270B2 (ja) | 2013-01-15 | 2013-01-15 | グラフェンのパターニング方法、及びパターンニング用部材 |
US14/153,788 US9219008B2 (en) | 2013-01-15 | 2014-01-13 | Graphene patterning method and patterning member |
KR1020140004717A KR102090837B1 (ko) | 2013-01-15 | 2014-01-14 | 그래핀의 패터닝 방법 및 패터닝용 부재 |
US14/939,170 US20160067680A1 (en) | 2013-01-15 | 2015-11-12 | Graphene patterning method and patterning member |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2013004490A JP6074270B2 (ja) | 2013-01-15 | 2013-01-15 | グラフェンのパターニング方法、及びパターンニング用部材 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2014136657A JP2014136657A (ja) | 2014-07-28 |
JP6074270B2 true JP6074270B2 (ja) | 2017-02-01 |
Family
ID=51165461
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2013004490A Expired - Fee Related JP6074270B2 (ja) | 2013-01-15 | 2013-01-15 | グラフェンのパターニング方法、及びパターンニング用部材 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US9219008B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6074270B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102090837B1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101883951B1 (ko) * | 2017-01-23 | 2018-07-31 | 영남대학교 산학협력단 | 양면수광형 cigs계 태양전지 셀 및 상기 양면수광형 cigs계 태양전지 셀의 제조 방법 |
CN109411149B (zh) * | 2017-08-18 | 2021-01-22 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 石墨烯电路图案及其制备方法、电子产品 |
JP6960813B2 (ja) * | 2017-09-20 | 2021-11-05 | 東京エレクトロン株式会社 | グラフェン構造体の形成方法および形成装置 |
US10750619B2 (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2020-08-18 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Metallization structure and manufacturing method thereof |
KR102072580B1 (ko) | 2018-11-06 | 2020-02-03 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 헥사고날 보론 니트라이드 박막의 제조 방법 및 이를 이용한 다층 구조의 제조 방법 및 스위칭 소자의 제조 방법 |
KR102149831B1 (ko) | 2018-11-12 | 2020-09-01 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 그래핀 패턴의 합성 방법 및 이를 이용한 전광 모듈레이터의 제조 방법 |
KR102195136B1 (ko) * | 2019-01-10 | 2020-12-24 | 서울과학기술대학교 산학협력단 | 플라즈마 처리 장치 및 방법 |
KR102274207B1 (ko) * | 2019-11-28 | 2021-07-08 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 마스킹 블록을 이용한 이차원 소재의 패턴 형성 방법, 이를 이용한 커패시터의 제조 방법 및 이차원 소재로 구성된 커패시터 |
JP7478455B2 (ja) | 2022-03-24 | 2024-05-07 | シーズテクノ株式会社 | 酸化グラフェンの還元方法 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8317984B2 (en) * | 2009-04-16 | 2012-11-27 | Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation | Graphene oxide deoxygenation |
JP5471351B2 (ja) * | 2009-11-20 | 2014-04-16 | 富士電機株式会社 | グラフェン薄膜の製膜方法 |
CN102254582B (zh) * | 2010-05-18 | 2013-05-15 | 国家纳米科学中心 | 一种石墨烯基导电材料及其制备方法 |
JP5499980B2 (ja) | 2010-08-02 | 2014-05-21 | 富士電機株式会社 | グラフェン薄膜の製造方法 |
JP2012144415A (ja) * | 2010-12-21 | 2012-08-02 | Meijo Univ | グラフェン素材の製造方法及びグラフェン素材 |
-
2013
- 2013-01-15 JP JP2013004490A patent/JP6074270B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2014
- 2014-01-13 US US14/153,788 patent/US9219008B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-01-14 KR KR1020140004717A patent/KR102090837B1/ko active IP Right Grant
-
2015
- 2015-11-12 US US14/939,170 patent/US20160067680A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20160067680A1 (en) | 2016-03-10 |
KR20140092262A (ko) | 2014-07-23 |
US9219008B2 (en) | 2015-12-22 |
JP2014136657A (ja) | 2014-07-28 |
US20140199829A1 (en) | 2014-07-17 |
KR102090837B1 (ko) | 2020-03-18 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6074270B2 (ja) | グラフェンのパターニング方法、及びパターンニング用部材 | |
KR102220272B1 (ko) | 그래핀의 생성 방법 | |
JP5851804B2 (ja) | 前処理方法、グラフェンの形成方法及びグラフェン製造装置 | |
JP4853857B2 (ja) | 基板の処理方法,コンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体及び基板処理装置 | |
KR102222183B1 (ko) | 플라스마 전극 및 플라스마 처리 장치 | |
JP3574734B2 (ja) | 半導体デバイスの製造方法 | |
JP5096047B2 (ja) | マイクロ波プラズマ処理装置およびマイクロ波透過板 | |
JP4575998B2 (ja) | 薄膜形成装置および薄膜形成方法 | |
JP5559988B2 (ja) | シリコン酸化膜用成膜原料およびそれを用いたシリコン酸化膜の成膜方法 | |
JP5788627B2 (ja) | カーボンナノチューブ成長方法 | |
JP2021504583A (ja) | 原子保護層を有するセラミックペデスタル | |
KR102658168B1 (ko) | 성막 방법 | |
CN110880447B (zh) | 等离子体沉积方法和等离子体沉积设备 | |
WO2024106283A1 (ja) | 成膜方法およびプラズマ処理装置 | |
WO2023157691A1 (ja) | 基板処理方法および基板処理装置 | |
WO2022255080A1 (ja) | 成膜方法および成膜装置 | |
JP4054123B2 (ja) | プラズマ成膜方法 | |
JP2007165717A (ja) | 成膜方法及び成膜装置 | |
JP2014141379A (ja) | グラフェン膜製造方法、グラフェン膜製造装置 | |
JP2013033979A (ja) | マイクロ波プラズマ処理装置 | |
JP3975207B2 (ja) | 金属膜作製装置及び金属膜作製方法 | |
JP2023050068A (ja) | 成膜方法及び成膜装置 | |
JP3872773B2 (ja) | 金属膜作製方法及び金属膜作製装置 | |
KR20040098874A (ko) | 반도체 제조 장치용 전극 | |
JP2021178760A (ja) | ナノ炭素材料複合体、ナノ炭素材料の製造装置及びナノ炭素材料の製造方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20150717 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20160322 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20160324 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20160518 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20160607 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20160715 |
|
A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20160830 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20161118 |
|
A911 | Transfer to examiner for re-examination before appeal (zenchi) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A911 Effective date: 20161125 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20161220 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20170106 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 6074270 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |