JP6074083B2 - Nk−1レセプター関連疾患の治療のための置換4−フェニル−ピリジン - Google Patents
Nk−1レセプター関連疾患の治療のための置換4−フェニル−ピリジン Download PDFInfo
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- JP6074083B2 JP6074083B2 JP2016034427A JP2016034427A JP6074083B2 JP 6074083 B2 JP6074083 B2 JP 6074083B2 JP 2016034427 A JP2016034427 A JP 2016034427A JP 2016034427 A JP2016034427 A JP 2016034427A JP 6074083 B2 JP6074083 B2 JP 6074083B2
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- acid
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- alkyl
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- pharmaceutically acceptable
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- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 title description 33
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 title description 31
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title description 27
- 150000005362 4-phenylpyridines Chemical class 0.000 title description 9
- 102000002002 Neurokinin-1 Receptors Human genes 0.000 title description 3
- 108010040718 Neurokinin-1 Receptors Proteins 0.000 title description 3
- -1 alkyl ketone Chemical class 0.000 claims description 92
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 78
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 75
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 64
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical group CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- PJGJQVRXEUVAFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroiodomethane Chemical compound ClCI PJGJQVRXEUVAFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 125000005233 alkylalcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 125000004218 chloromethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(Cl)* 0.000 claims 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- IRDFFAPCSABAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical class CC(C)(C)OP(O)(O)=O IRDFFAPCSABAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 125
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 74
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 63
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- 125000000592 heterocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 30
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- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 27
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 24
- 206010047700 Vomiting Diseases 0.000 description 23
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- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- WAXQNWCZJDTGBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N netupitant Chemical compound C=1N=C(N2CCN(C)CC2)C=C(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C)C=1N(C)C(=O)C(C)(C)C1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 WAXQNWCZJDTGBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 19
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 19
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 19
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 18
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- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- 229960005163 netupitant Drugs 0.000 description 15
- 241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 13
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 125000005885 heterocycloalkylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 125000004446 heteroarylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 12
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 12
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- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
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- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 11
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002895 emetic Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 10
- XQTRIPAREQPNAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-n,2-dimethylpropanamide Chemical compound CNC(=O)C(C)(C)C1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 XQTRIPAREQPNAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 9
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- CPZBLNMUGSZIPR-NVXWUHKLSA-N palonosetron Chemical compound C1N(CC2)CCC2[C@@H]1N1C(=O)C(C=CC=C2CCC3)=C2[C@H]3C1 CPZBLNMUGSZIPR-NVXWUHKLSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229960002131 palonosetron Drugs 0.000 description 8
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- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 208000019901 Anxiety disease Diseases 0.000 description 7
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- 239000003369 serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist Substances 0.000 description 7
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- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 125000000169 tricyclic heterocycle group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 206010069632 Bladder dysfunction Diseases 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- LNJAJHJFSKUCIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ditert-butyl chloromethyl phosphate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OP(=O)(OCCl)OC(C)(C)C LNJAJHJFSKUCIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- SFEVQUPISPQHOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-methylpropanoyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C(C)(C)C1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 SFEVQUPISPQHOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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Images
Classifications
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Description
本発明は、新規の4−フェニル−ピリジン化合物及びその医学的使用に関し、特に、ニューロキニン(NK1)レセプターにより修飾される医学的状態の予防及び/又は治療における、該化合物及びその医学的使用に関する。
本出願は2011年11月29日に出願された米国仮出願第61/564,537号の優先権を主張し、そして2012年5月23日に出願された米国本出願(non-provisional)第13/478,361号の一部継続出願である。
関連技術の説明
物質Pは、その局在性及び機能のために、ぜんそく、炎症、疼痛、乾癬、片頭痛、ジスキネジア、膀胱炎、統合失調症、嘔吐症及び不安症を含む種々の病理学的状態に関与しているものと現在報告されている11−アミノ酸ニューロペプチドである。物質PはNK1レセプターのアゴニストであり、そしてNK1レセプターとの相互作用により、細胞間シグナル伝達を生じさせる。
上記の点を考慮して、本発明の発明者はNK1レセプターを拮抗するのに特に好適でありそして下記の一般式(I)
R1及びR2は独立に、水素、ヒドロキシ、ヒドロキシアルキル、アミノ、アルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルキル、ハロゲン、アルコキシアルキル、−OR101、−NR101R102、−NR101C(O)R102、−C(O)R101、−C(O)OR101、−C(O)NR101R102、−アルキルNR101R102、−S(O)2R102、−SR101、−S(O)2NR101R102、アリール、アリールアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキルアルキル、ヘテロアリール及びヘテロアリールアルキルからなる群より選ばれ、各々は場合により、独立に、1個以上の独立のR103置換基により置換されていてよく、又は、R1は同一のフェニル環上の原子及び/又は他の置換基と一緒になって、縮合もしくは非縮合単環、二環もしくは三環式複素環もしくは炭素環を形成し、その環は、場合により、独立に、1個以上のR103置換基により置換されていてよく、又は、R2は同一のフェニル環上の原子及び/又は他の置換基と一緒になって、縮合もしくは非縮合単環、二環もしくは三環式複素環もしくは炭素環を形成し、その環は、場合により、独立に、1個以上のR103置換基により置換されていてよく、
R3及びR4は独立に、水素、ヒドロキシ、ヒドロキシアルキル、アミノ、アルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルキル、ハロゲン、アルコキシアルキル、−OR101、−NR101R102、−NR101C(O)R102、−C(O)R101、−C(O)OR101、−C(O)NR101R102、−アルキルNR101R102、−S(O)2R102、−SR101、−S(O)2NR101R102、アリール、アリールアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキルアルキル、ヘテロアリール及びヘテロアリールアルキルからなる群より選ばれ、各々は場合により、独立に、1個以上の独立のR103置換基により置換されていてよく、又は、R3及びR4はそれらを結合している原子と一緒になって、縮合もしくは非縮合単環、二環もしくは三環式複素環もしくは炭素環を形成し、その環は場合により、独立に、1個以上のR103置換基により置換されていてよく、
R5及びR6は、独立に、水素、ヒドロキシ、ヒドロキシアルキル、アミノ、アルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルキル、ハロゲン、アルコキシアルキル、−OR101、−NR101R102、−NR101C(O)R102、−C(O)R101、−C(O)OR101、−C(O)NR101R102、−アルキルNR101R102、−S(O)2R102、−SR101、−S(O)2NR101R102、アリール、アリールアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキルアルキル、ヘテロアリール及びヘテロアリールアルキルからなる群より選ばれ、各々は場合により、独立に、1個以上の独立のR103置換基により置換されていてよく、
Xは−C(O)NR101R102、−アルキルO、−アルキルNR101R102、−NR101C(O)及び−NR101アルキルからなる群より選ばれ、各々は場合により、独立に、1個以上の独立のR103置換基により置換されていてよく、
Yは−NR101R102、−NR101アルキルOH、−NR101S(O)2アルキル、−NR101S(O)2フェニル、−N=CH−NR101R102、ヘテロシクロアルキル及びヘテロシクロアルキルアルキルからなる群より選ばれ、各々は場合により、独立に、1個以上の独立のR103置換基により置換されていてよく、
Zは
R100、R100"、R101、R102及びR103は各々独立に、水素、シアノ、−NO2、−OR104、オキシド、ヒドロキシ、アミノ、アルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルキル、ハロゲン、アルコキシ、アルコキシアルキル、アリール、アリールアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキルアルキル、ヘテロアリール、ヘテロアリールアルキル、−C(O)R104、−C(O)OR104、−C(O)NR104R105、−NR104R105、−NR104S(O)2R105、−NR104C(O)R105、−S(O)2R104、−SR104及び−S(O)2NR104R105からなる群より選ばれ、各々は場合により、独立に、1個以上の独立のR103置換基により置換されていてよく、又は、R101、R102はそれらを結合している原子と一緒になって、縮合もしくは非縮合単環、二環もしくは三環式複素環もしくは炭素環を形成し、その環は、場合により、独立に、1個以上のR103置換基により置換されていてよく、又は、R100、R100"はそれらを結合している原子と一緒になって、縮合もしくは非縮合単環、二環もしくは三環式複素環もしくは炭素環を形成し、その環は、場合により、独立に、1個以上のR103置換基により置換されていてよく、
R104及びR105は各々独立に、水素、シアノ、−NO2、ヒドロキシ、オキシド、ヒドロキシアルキル、アミノ、アルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルキル、ハロゲン、アルコキシ、アルコキシアルキル、アリール、アリールアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキルアルキル、ヘテロアリール及びヘテロアリールアルキルからなる群より選ばれ、
mは0、1、2、3又は4であり、
nは0、1、2、3、4又は5であり、
pは0又は1であり、
ただし、もし非ピリジンN−オキシド(N−→O+)が式(I)の化合物上に存在するならば、式(I)の化合物上のN−オキシドの合計数は1よりも大きい)の化合物又は医薬上許容される塩もしくは付加物である。
本化合物、組成物、製品、デバイス及び/又は方法を開示しそして説明する前に、それらは、特に断らない限り、特定の合成方法又は特定の治療方法、又は、特に断らない限り、特定の試薬に限定されず、それゆえ、もちろん、変更可能であることは理解されるべきである。本明細書中に使用される用語は特定の実施形態を説明することを目的とするのみであり、限定を意図しないことも理解されるべきである。
A.化合物
式(I)により表される化合物又はその医薬上許容される塩もしくは付加物を開示する。
R1及びR2は独立に、水素、ヒドロキシ、ヒドロキシアルキル、アミノ、アルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルキル、ハロゲン、アルコキシ、アルコキシアルキル、−OR101、−NR101R102、−NR101C(O)R102、−C(O)R101、−C(O)OR101、−C(O)NR101R102、−アルキルNR101R102、−S(O)2R102、−SR101、−S(O)2NR101R102、アリール、アリールアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキルアルキル、ヘテロアリール及びヘテロアリールアルキルからなる群より選ばれ、各々は場合により、独立に、1個以上の独立のR103置換基により置換されていてよく、又は、R1は同一のフェニル環上の原子及び/又は他の置換基と一緒になって、縮合もしくは非縮合単環、二環もしくは三環式複素環もしくは炭素環を形成し、その環は、場合により、独立に、1個以上のR103置換基により置換されていてよく、又は、R2は同一のフェニル環上の原子及び/又は他の置換基と一緒になって、縮合もしくは非縮合単環、二環もしくは三環式複素環もしくは炭素環を形成し、その環は、場合により、独立に、1個以上のR103置換基により置換されていてよく、
R3及びR4は独立に、水素、ヒドロキシ、ヒドロキシアルキル、アミノ、アルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルキル、ハロゲン、アルコキシ、アルコキシアルキル、−OR101、−NR101R102、−NR101C(O)R102、−C(O)R101、−C(O)OR101、−C(O)NR101R102、−アルキルNR101R102、−S(O)2R102、−SR101、−S(O)2NR101R102、アリール、アリールアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキルアルキル、ヘテロアリール及びヘテロアリールアルキルからなる群より選ばれ、各々は場合により、独立に、1個以上の独立のR103置換基により置換されていてよく、又は、R3及びR4はそれらを結合している原子と一緒になって、縮合もしくは非縮合単環、二環もしくは三環式複素環もしくは炭素環を形成し、その環は場合により、独立に、1個以上のR103置換基により置換されていてよく、
R5及びR6は、独立に、水素、ヒドロキシ、ヒドロキシアルキル、アミノ、アルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルキル、ハロゲン、アルコキシ、アルコキシアルキル、−OR101、−NR101R102、−NR101C(O)R102、−C(O)R101、−C(O)OR101、−C(O)NR101R102、−アルキルNR101R102、−S(O)2R102、−SR101、−S(O)2NR101R102、アリール、アリールアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキルアルキル、ヘテロアリール及びヘテロアリールアルキルからなる群より選ばれ、各々は場合により、独立に、1個以上の独立のR103置換基により置換されていてよく、
Xは−C(O)NR101R102、−アルキルO、−アルキルNR101R102、−NR101C(O)及び−NR101アルキルからなる群より選ばれ、各々は場合により、独立に、1個以上の独立のR103置換基により置換されていてよく、
Yは−NR101R102、−NR101アルキルOH、−NR101S(O)2アルキル、−NR101S(O)2フェニル、−N=CH−NR101R102、ヘテロシクロアルキル及びヘテロシクロアルキルアルキルからなる群より選ばれ、各々は場合により、独立に、1個以上の独立のR103置換基により置換されていてよく、
Zは
R100、R100"、R101、R102及びR103は各々独立に、水素、シアノ、−NO2、−OR104、オキシド、ヒドロキシ、アミノ、アルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルキル、ハロゲン、アルコキシ、アルコキシアルキル、アリール、アリールアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキルアルキル、ヘテロアリール、ヘテロアリールアルキル、−C(O)R104、−C(O)OR104、−C(O)NR104R105、−NR104R105、−NR104S(O)2R105、−NR104C(O)R105、−S(O)2R104、−SR104及び−S(O)2NR104R105からなる群より選ばれ、各々は場合により、独立に、1個以上の独立のR103置換基により置換されていてよく、又は、R101、R102はそれらを結合している原子と一緒になって、縮合もしくは非縮合単環、二環もしくは三環式複素環もしくは炭素環を形成し、その環は、場合により、独立に、1個以上のR103置換基により置換されていてよく、又は、R100、R100"はそれらを結合している原子と一緒になって、縮合もしくは非縮合単環、二環もしくは三環式複素環もしくは炭素環を形成し、その環は、場合により、独立に、1個以上のR103置換基により置換されていてよく、
R104及びR105は各々独立に、水素、シアノ、−NO2、ヒドロキシ、オキシド、ヒドロキシアルキル、アミノ、アルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルキル、ハロゲン、アルコキシ、アルコキシアルキル、アリール、アリールアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキルアルキル、ヘテロアリール及びヘテロアリールアルキルからなる群より選ばれ、
mは0〜4であり、nは0〜5であり、pは0〜1であり、ただし、もし非ピリジンN−オキシド(N−→O+)が式(I)の化合物上に存在するならば、式(I)の化合物上のN−オキシドの合計数は1よりも大きい)。別の実施形態において、本発明はすべてN−オキシドの形態を除外する。
開示の組成物及び化合物は無機酸もしくは有機酸から得られる塩の形態で使用されうる。特定の化合物によっては、化合物の塩は、1種以上の塩の物性、例えば、異なる温度及び湿度での向上された貯蔵安定性、又は、望ましい水中もしくはオイル中での溶解性のために有利であることがある。ある例では、化合物の塩は、また、化合物の分離、精製及び/又は分割において助剤として使用されうる。
式(I)の化合物(及び他の開示の化合物)又はその医薬上許容される塩もしくは付加物は、有機化学の技術において知られる合成方法又は当業者に知られる修飾及び誘導化とともに、実施例のセクションで記載される例により例示される方法により調製できる。本明細書中に使用される出発材料は市販されており、又は、当該技術分野で知られている日常的な方法(例えば、Compendium of Organic Synthesis Methods, Vol. I-VI (Wiiey-Interscienceより出版)などの標準参考書に開示される方法)により調製されうる。好ましい方法としては、限定するわけではないが、下記の方法が挙げられる。下記の合成シーケンスのいずれかの間に、関係する任意の化合物上の感受性基又は反応性基を保護することが必要及び/又は望ましいことがある。このことは従来の保護基により行うことができ、例えば、T. W. Greene, Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, 1981; T. W. Greene及びP. G. M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, 1991, T. W. Greene及びP. G, M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, 1999ならびにP. G. M, Wuts及びT.W.Greene, Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, 2006に記載されているとおりである。生成物の分離及び精製は化学の当業者に知られている標準的な手順により達成される。
用語「アルキル」は1〜20個の炭素原子、1つの実施形態では1〜12個の炭素原子、別の実施形態では1〜10個の炭素原子、別の実施形態では1〜6個の炭素原子、そして別の実施形態では1〜4個の炭素原子を含む直鎖又は枝分かれ鎖の飽和ヒドロカルビル置換基(すなわち、水素を除去することによって炭化水素から得られる置換基)を指す。そのような置換基の例としては、メチル、エチル、プロピル(n-プロピル及びイソプロピルを含む)、ブチル(n-ブチル、イソブチル、sec-ブチル及びtert-ブチルを含む)、ペンチル、イソアミル、ヘキシルなどが挙げられる。
用語「シアノ」(「ニトリル」とも呼ばれる)とは−CNを意味する。
用語「カルボニル」とは−C(O)−を意味する。
用語「アミノ」は−NH2を意味する。
用語「アルコキシカルボニル」は−C(O)−O−アルキルを意味する。アルコキシカルボニルの例としては、メトキシカルボニル、エトキシカルボニル、プロポキシカルボニル、ブトキシカルボニル、ペントキシカルボニル及びヘキシルオキシカルボニルが挙げられる。別の実施形態において、カルボニルの炭素原子が第二級アルキルの炭素原子に結合している場合には、得られる官能基はエステルである。
用語「チオン」は=Sを指す。
用語「スルホニル」は−S(O)2−を指す。このため、例えば、「アルキル−スルホニル−アルキル」は「アルキル−S(O)2−アルキル」を指す。アルキルスルホニルの例としては、メチルスルホニル、エチルスルホニル及びプロピルスルホニルが挙げられる。
用語「アミノスルホにル」は−S(O)2−NH2を意味する。
治療有効量の式(I)の化合物又はその医薬上許容される塩もしくは付加物、及び、1種以上の医薬上許容される賦形剤を含む、対象の予防及び/又は治療のための医薬組成物はさらに提供される。
本発明の全ての方法は、本発明の化合物単独で、又は、他の薬剤と組み合わせて実施することができる。
治療
上述の化合物及び組成物はニューロキニン(NK1)レセプターにより病態生理学的に修飾される疾患の阻害、低減、予防及び/又は治療に有用である。したがって、ある形態において、上記のとおりに開示された式(I)の化合物又はその医薬上許容される塩もしくは付加物の治療有効量を対象に投与することを含む、NK1レセプターにより病態生理学的に修飾される疾患を予防及び/又は治療する方法が開示される。
1.A, an, the
明細書及び添付の特許請求の範囲で使用されるときに、単数形の"a"、 "an"及び"the"は文脈から明らかでない限り、複数の指示対象を含む。したがって、例えば、「医薬キャリア」(a pharmaceutical carrier)と述べたら、単一のキャリアだけでなく、2種以上のかかるキャリアの混合物なども含まれる。
当業者によく知られている略語は使用されうる(例えば、時間(単数又は複数)には"h"又は"hr"、グラム(単数又は複数)には"g"又は"gm"、ミリリットルには"mL"、そして 室温には"rt"、ナノメートルには"nm"、モル濃度には"M"などの略語)。
用語「約」は、本開示中の実施形態を説明する際に用いられる組成物中の成分の量、濃度、体積、処理温度、処理時間、収量、流速、圧力ならびにその値及び範囲を修飾するのに使用されるときに、化合物、組成物、濃縮物又は使用製剤を製造するために使用される典型的な測定及び処理手順により、これらの手順における意図せぬ誤差により、方法を実施するために使用する出発材料又は成分の製造、供給源又は純度による差異などの考慮事項により発生しうるような数量の変動を指す。用語「約」は、また、組成物又は製剤のエージングによる特定の初期濃度又は混合物と異なる量、組成物又は製剤の混合又は処理による特定の初期濃度又は混合物と異なる量を包含する。用語「約」により修飾されていようがいまいが、添付の特許請求の範囲はこれらの量と同等の量を含む。
本出願の明細書及び特許請求の範囲をとおして、用語「含む(comprise)」、及び、「含む(comprising)」及び「含む(comprises)」などのその用語の変形は限定することなく含むこと(including)を意味し、そして、例えば、他の添加剤、成分、インテジャ(integers)又は工程を排除することを意図しない。
本出願を通して種々の刊行物を参照する。本発明が属する技術分野の技術水準をより完全に記載するために、これらの刊行物の開示は、その刊行物中に含まれる、参照が依拠している文で議論されている資料を個別に、詳細にそして全体的に引用しているものと考えられるべきである。
全体を通して使用されるときに、「対象」は個体を意味する。したがって、「対象」としては、例えば、ネコ、イヌなど飼い慣らされた動物、家畜(例えば、ウシ、ウマ、ブタ、ヒツジ、ヤギなど)、実験動物(例えば、マウス、ウサギ、ラット、モルモットなど)、哺乳動物、ヒト以外の哺乳動物、霊長類、ヒト以外の霊長類、げっ歯類、鳥類、爬虫類、両生類、魚類及び任意の他の動物を挙げることができる。対象は霊長類又はヒトなどの哺乳動物であることができる。対象は、また、ヒトでなくてもよい。
以下の実施例は、ここに請求される化合物、組成物、物品、装置及び/又は方法をいかにして製造しそして評価するかの完全な開示及び記述を当業者に提供するように示され、純粋に例示であることが意図され、そして開示を限定することは意図されない。数値(例えば、量、温度など)に関して正確さを確保するための努力がなされているが、多少の誤差及び偏差は考慮されるべきである。特に断りのない限り、部は質量部であり、温度は℃単位であるか、又は、周囲温度であり、圧力は大気圧又はその近傍である。
式(I)の化合物の調製
以下は式(I)の化合物の調製の例である。本例は純粋に例示であることが意図され、そして開示を限定することが意図されない。
65mlのTHF中の13.0g(82.5 mMol)の6−クロロ−ニコチン酸を0℃に冷却し、そして206.3ml(206.3 mMol)のo-トリルマグネシウムクロリド溶液 (THF中1M)を45分間にわたって添加した。得られた溶液をさらに、0℃で3時間、そして室温で一晩攪拌した。それを−60℃に冷却し、そして103.8ml (1.8 Mol)の酢酸を添加し、次いで、35mlのTHF及び44.24g(165 mMol)の酢酸マンガン(III)二水和物を添加した。−60℃で30分、そして室温で1時間後に、反応混合物をろ過し、そして減圧下にTHFを除去した。残留物を水とジクロロメタンとの間で分割しそして抽出した。粗生成物をシリカゲル(溶離剤:酢酸エチル/トルエン/ギ酸20:75:5)上でろ過し、その後、200mlの半飽和炭酸ナトリウム水溶液及び100mlのジクロロメタンとの間で分割した。有機相を50mlの半飽和炭酸ナトリウム水溶液で洗浄した。合わせた水性相を25mlの25%水性HClで酸性化し、そしてジクロロメタンで抽出した。有機抽出物を乾燥し(Na2SO4)、そして減圧下に濃縮し、10.4g(51%)の6−クロロ−4−o−トリル−ニコチン酸を黄色フォームとして提供した。MS (ISN): 246 (M-H, 100), 202 (M-CO2H, 85), 166 (36)。
48.0mlのTHF中の8.0g(32.3mMol)の6−クロロ−4−o−トリル−ニコチン酸の溶液に、3.1ml(42.0 mMol)のチオニルクロリド及び143.mu.l(1.8mMol)のDMFを添加した。50℃で2時間後に、反応混合物を室温に冷却し、そして0℃に冷却した72.5mlの25%水性水酸化アンモニウム及び96mlの水の溶液に添加した。0℃で30分後に、THFを減圧下に除去し、そして水性層を酢酸エチルで抽出した。溶媒の除去により、7.8g(98%)の6−クロロ−4−o-トリルニコチンアミドをベージュの結晶フォームとして生じた。MS (ISP): 247 (M+H+, 100)。
1.0g(4.05mMol)の6−クロロ−4−o-トリル−ニコチンアミドを9.0mlの1−メチル−ピペラジン中で100℃に2時間加熱した。過剰のN−メチル−ピペラジンを高真空下に除去し、そして残留物をシリカゲル(溶離剤:ジクロロメタン)上でろ過し、1.2g(95%)の6−(4−メチル−ピペラジン−1−イル)−4−o-トリル−ニコチンアミドを淡黄色結晶フォームとして生じた。
MS (ISP): 311 (M+H+, 100), 254 (62)。
0.2g(0.6mMol)の6−(4−メチルピペラジン−1−イル)−4−o−トリル−ニコチンアミドの1.0mlのメタノール中の溶液を、103mg(2.6 mMol)の水酸化ナトリウムの1.47ml (3.2 mMol)のNaOCl(13%)中の溶液に添加し、そして70℃で2時間加熱した。メタノールの除去後に、水性層を酢酸エチルで抽出した。合わせた有機抽出物を乾燥し(Na2SO4)、減圧下に濃縮し、そして残留物をシリカゲル(溶離剤:ジクロロメタン/メタノール 4:1)上でろ過し、100mg(70%)の6−(4−メチル−ピペラジン−1−イル)−o−トリル−ピリジン−3−イルアミンを褐色樹脂として生じた。MS (ISP): 283 (M+H+, 100), 226 (42)。
メタノール中の2.15ml(11.6 mMol)のナトリウムメトキシドを、30分間にわたって、−5℃に冷却された、0.85g(4.6 mMol)のN−ブロモスクシンイミドの5.0mlのジクロロメタン中の懸濁液に添加した。反応混合物を−5℃で16時間攪拌した。なおもこの温度で、1.0g(3.1 mMol)の6−(4−メチル−ピペラジン−1−イル)−4−o−トリル−ニコチンアミドの5.0mlのメタノール中の溶液を20分間にわたって添加し、そして5時間攪拌した。7.1ml(7.1 mMol)の水性HCl 1N及び20mlジクロロメタンを添加した。相を分離し、そして有機相を脱イオン水で洗浄した。水性相をジクロロメタンで抽出し、水性NaOH 1NでpH8とし、そしてジクロロメタンでさらに抽出した。その有機抽出物を合わせ、乾燥し(Na2SO4)、そして濃縮して、1.08g (定量的)の[6−(4−メチル−ピペラジン−1−イル)−4−o−トリル−ピリジン−3−イル]−カルバミン酸メチルエステルをグレイのフォームとして生じた。
MS (ISP): 341 (M+H+, 100), 284 (35)。
0.5g(1.4mMol)の[6−(4−メチル−ピペラジン−1−イル)−4−o−トリル−ピリジン−3−イル]-カルバミン酸メチルエステルの3.0mlのジクロロメタン中の溶液を10分間にわたって、1.98ml(6.9mMol)のRed-ALRTM (トルエン中70%)及び2.5mlのトルエンの溶液に添加した(発熱性、水浴で冷却して>50℃に上昇するのを回避)。反応混合物を50℃で2時間CH2Cl2中で攪拌し、酢酸エチルで抽出し、そして0℃に冷却した。4mlの水性NaOH 1Nを注意深く(発熱性)15分間にわたって添加し、次いで、20mlの酢酸エチルを添加した。相を分離させ、そして水性相を酢酸エチルで抽出した。合わせた有機抽出物を脱イオン水及びブラインで洗浄し、乾燥し(Na2SO4)、そして減圧下に濃縮し、0.37g(89%)のメチル[6−(4−メチル−ピペラジン−1−イル)−4−o−トリル−ピリジン−3−イル]−アミンをオレンジ色樹脂として生じた。MS (ISP): 297 (M-H+, 100)。
M.P. 155-157℃; MS m/e (%): 579 (M+H+, 100)。
6−クロロピリジン3−アミン(115g、0.898 mol)及び(Boc)2O(215.4g、0.988 mol)の900mLのジオキサン中の溶液を一晩還流した。得られた溶液を1500mLの水中に注いだ。得られた固形分を回収し、水で洗浄しそしてEtOAcから再結晶化し、160gのtert-ブチル(6−クロロピリジン−3−イル)カルバメートを白色固形分として提供した(収率:78.2%)。
tert-ブチル(6−クロロピリジン−3−イル)カルバメート(160g、0.7 mol) の1Lの無水THF中の溶液に、n-BuLi(600mL、1.5 mol)を78℃でN2雰囲気下に添加した。添加が完了した後に、溶液を−78℃で30分間攪拌し、そしてI2 (177.68g、0.7 mol)の800mLの無水THF中の溶液を添加した。その後、溶液を−78℃で4時間攪拌した。TLCは反応が完了したことを示した。水をクエンチのために添加し、そしてEtOAcを添加して2回抽出した。合わせた有機相をブラインで洗浄し、Na2SO4上で乾燥し、ろ過し、そしてフラッシュクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、80gのtert-ブチル(6−クロロ−4−ヨードピリジン−3−イル)カルバメートを黄色固形分として提供した(32.3%)。
tert-ブチル(6−クロロ-4−ヨードピリジン−3−イル)カルバメート(61g、0.172 mol)の300mLの無水THF中の溶液に60%NaH(7.6g、0.189 mol)を0℃にてN2雰囲気下に添加した。添加が完了した後に、溶液を30分間攪拌し、その後、MeI(26.92g、0.189 mol)の100mLの乾燥THF中の溶液を添加した。その後、溶液を0℃で3時間攪拌した。TLCは反応が終了したことを示した。水をクエンチのために添加し、そしてEtOAcを添加して2回抽出した。合わせた有機相をブラインで洗浄し、Na2SO2上で乾燥し、ろ過しそして濃縮して、63gの粗tert-ブチル(6−クロロ−4−ヨードピリジン−3−イル)(メチル)カルバメートを提供し、さらなる精製なしに次の脱保護で用いた。
tert-ブチル(6−クロロ−4−ヨードピリジン−3−イル)(メチル)カルバメート (62.5g、0.172 mol)の500mLの無水DCM中の溶液に180mLのTFAを添加した。その後、溶液を室温にて4時間攪拌した。濃縮して溶媒を除去し、フラッシュクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、45.1gの6−クロロ−4−ヨード−N−メチルピリジン−3−アミンを黄色固形分として提供した (収率:97.3%)。
6−クロロ−4−ヨード−N−メチルピリジン−3−アミン(40.3g、0.15mol)及び2−メチルベンゼンホウ酸(24.5g、0.18 mol)の600mLの無水トルエン中の溶液に、400mLの2N水性Na2CO3溶液、Pd(OAc)2(3.36g、15 mmol)及びPPh3(7.87g、0.03 mmol)を添加した。溶液を100℃で2時間攪拌した。室温に冷却し、水で希釈した。EtOAcを添加して2回抽出した。合わせた有機相を水及びブラインで順次に洗浄し、Na2SO4上で乾燥し、濃縮し、そしてフラッシュクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、19gの6−クロロ−N−メチル−4− (o-トリル)ピリジン−3−アミンを白色固形分として提供した(収率:54.6%)。
6−クロロ−N−メチル−4−(o-トリル)ピリジン−3−アミン(18.87g、81.3mmol)及びDMAP(29.8g、243.9 mmol)の200mLの無水トルエン中に溶液に、2−(3,5−ビス−トリフルオロメチル−フェニル)−2−メチル−プロピオニルクロリド(28.5g、89.4 mmol)のトルエン中の溶液をN2雰囲気下に添加した。溶液を120℃で23時間加熱した。室温に冷却し、1Lの5%NaHCO3水溶液を注ぎ、そしてEtOAcで2回抽出した。合わせた有機相を水及びブラインで順次に洗浄し、Na2SO4上で乾燥し、ろ過しそしてフラッシュクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、35gの2−(3,5−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル)−N−(6−クロロ−4−(o-トリル)ピリジン−3−イル)−N,2−ジメチルプロパンアミドを白色固形分として提供した(収率:83.9%)。
2−(3,5−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル)−N−(6−クロロ−4−(o-トリル)ピリジン−3−イル)−N,2−ジメチルプロパンアミド(5.14g、10 mmol)の60mLのDCM中の溶液に、m−CPBA(6.92g、40 mmol)を0℃でN2雰囲気下に添加した。その後、溶液を室温にて一晩攪拌した。1NのNaOH水溶液を添加して2回洗浄して過剰のm−CPBA及び副生成物を除去した。有機相をブラインで洗浄し、Na2SO4上で乾燥し、ろ過し、そして濃縮して、5.11gの粗5−(2−(3,5−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル)−N,2−ジメチルプロパンアミド−2−クロロ−4−(o-トリル)ピリジン1−オキシドを白色固形分として提供した(収率:96.4%)。
粗5−(2−(3,5−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル)−N,2−ジメチルプロパンアミド−2−クロロ−4−(o-トリル)ピリジン1−オキシド(5.1g、9.62 mmol)の80mLのn-BuOH中の溶液にN−メチルピペラジン(7.41g、74.1 mmol)をN2雰囲気下に添加した。その後、溶液を80℃で一晩攪拌した。濃縮しそしてフラッシュクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、4.98gの5−(2−(3,5−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル)−N,2−ジメチルプロパンアミド−2−(4−メチルピペラジン−1-イル)−4−(o-トリル)ピリジン1−オキシドを白色固形分として提供した(収率:87.2%)。1HNMR (CDC13, 400MHz)δ 8.15(s, 1H), 7.93(s, 1H), 7.78(s, 2H), 7.38(m, 1H), 7.28(m, 1H), 7.17 (m, 1H), 7.07 (s, 1H), 5.50 (s, 3H), 2.72 (d, J=4.4Hz, 4H), 2.57(m, 3H), 2.40(s, 3H), 2.23(s, 3H), 1.45-1.20 (m, 6H)。
4−(5−(2−(3,5−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル)−N,2−ジメチルプロパンアミド)−4−(o-トリル)ピリジン−2−イル)−1−メチル−1−((ホスホノオキシ)メチル)ピペラジン−1−イウム塩の安定性及び溶解度をさらに上げるために、種々のその誘導体塩を合成しそして試験した。それらの合成はa)乾燥した二酸ホスフェート種及びその対応する塩基塩の中和又はb)乾燥したジ(tert-ブチル)保護ホスフェート種から出発した直接酸脱保護のいずれかを用いた。中和はL−ヒスチジン、マグネシウム塩、N−メチル−D−グルカミン(ジメグルカミン)及びL−リジンを用いて行った。両方の手順をクエン酸誘導体の合成で試みたが、他の酸では直接脱保護を用いた。下記の図示は最も適切な構造を示す。
1H-NMR (CD3OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.02(s, 1H), 7.87(s, 1H), 7.74(s, 2H), 7.33-7.40(m, 2H), 7.27(m, 1H), 7.21(s, 1H), 7.16(d, 1H, J=8.2 Hz), 5.27(d, 2H, JPH=7.9 Hz), 4.29(m, 2H), 4.05(m, 2H), 3.85(m, 2H), 3.74(m, 2H), 3.35(s, 3H), 2.62(s, 3H), 2.23(s, 3H), 1.38(s, 6H)。31P-NMR (CD3OD, 161 MHz) δ -2.81 (t, 1P, JPH=7.9 Hz)。
i.化学安定性及び溶解性
幾つかの参考化合物と比較した、式(I)の幾つかの代表的な化合物の化学安定性及び水溶性を下記の表3に再現する。安定性は加速条件下(40℃)でICHガイドラインにしたがって試験した。
ネチュピタント(上記の表の化合物番号9)と対比して、ラットでの3つの化合物(例えば、上記の表1の化合物番号1〜3)の7日間局所耐性試験を行った。すべて3つの化合物は良好な局所耐性を示し、そのことは以下の発見から示される。
−注射部位の炎症の症状が最小限であり、そして浮腫がほとんどなかった。
−試験したどの動物にも後期血栓が見られなかった。
−炎症の重症度は化合物で処理した動物及びビヒクルで処理した動物で同様であった。
−組織壊死はどの尾にも観測されなかった。及び、
−炎症及び灰白色血栓は血管を通した針での注射により生じた。
参考化合物−ネチュピタント(経口投与)と比較して、3つの化合物(例えば、上記の表3の化合物番号1〜3)の薬物動態(PK)試験をラット及びイヌに対して行った。
研究で試験したラットはウィスターラット、オス、体重220〜240g、1グループあたり5匹のラットであった。尾の血管に静脈内(IV)スローボーラス注射により1ml/分の速度で10mg/kgの用量を投与した。各動物に対して、用量体積5ml/kg(予備製剤は5%グルコース溶液である)で用量を投与した。対照動物はビヒクル単独を受け入れた。最も新しく記録した体重に基づいて各動物に用量を投与し、そして投与した体積を各動物について記録した。投与前に、ラットを12時間絶食させ、適宜、水を与えた。240分の時間の後に、血液を回収し、ラットに摂食させた。投与前ならびに静脈内投与の0.05、0.25、0.5、1、2、4、6、8、24及び48時間後に、抗凝血剤及び安定剤としてEDTA/NaFを含むチューブ中に0.2〜0.3mlの血液を回収した。遠心分離の後に、血漿を取り出し、そして分析まで約−20℃で冷凍貯蔵した。2、10、40、100、200、1000及び2000ng/ml(1%ギ酸を含むメタノールであるメタノールストックから希釈)で定量化標準曲線を調製した。50ulの標準溶液を分取し、そして標準曲線又はQCサンプルのために50ulのブランクラット血漿サンプル中にスパイクし、次いで、100ulのアセトニトリル(含IS)(with IS)を添加した。50ulのメタノール置換化合物標準メタノール溶液を用いて、50ulのラット血漿サンプルをスパイクし、そして100ulのアセトニトリル(含IS)(with IS)をラット血漿サンプルの測定のために添加した。静脈内投与後の3、15及び30分の時点の血漿サンプルをそれぞれブランクラット血漿で10倍又は5倍に希釈した。タンパク沈殿物(PPP)を用いてアセトニトリルで血漿を予備調製した。HPLCに連結したAPI4000MSを用いてラット血漿サンプルを分析した。レパグリニドを内部標準として用いた。上記の表1の化合物1又はネチュピタント定量化のための内部検量を用いて、標準曲線のLLOQ及び線形範囲はそれぞれ2ng/ml及び2〜2000ng/mlであった。
研究で試験したイヌはビーグル犬、体重8〜10kg、1グループあたり3匹のオスのイヌであった。12匹の未処置のイヌで4つのPK試験を行った。ローテーションで用いて左右頭部又は左右伏在静脈中に静脈内(IV)スローボーラス注射により3mg/kgの用量を投与した。容量体積は輸液ポンプ(KDS 220, K.D Scientific)を用いて一定注入速度4ml/分でグルコース5%v/v溶液中2ml/kgであった。最も新しく記録した体重に基づいて各動物に用量を投与し、そして投与した体積を各動物について記録した。溶解度によって、ネチュピタント3mg/kg用量をビヒクル(DMSO:エタノール:Tween80溶液=5:4:1:90, v/v)中で2ml/kgで試験した。各単回PK試験の前に投薬量を新鮮に調製した。投与前に、イヌを12時間絶食させ、適宜、水を与えた。480分の時間の後に、血液を回収し、イヌに摂食させた。投与前ならびに静脈内投与の2、5、15、30分、1、2、4、6、8、12、24、36、48及び72時間後に、ヘパリン処理したチューブ中に0.5mlの血液を回収した。分析まで血漿サンプルを−20℃に維持した。2週間のウオッシュアウトの後に、同一のグループ(ネチュピタントでIV)に、経管投与によりネチュピタントを3mg/kgで投与した。用量体積はビヒクル (蒸留水中ハイプロメロース0.5%、Tween-80 0.1%、塩化ナトリウム0.9%)中で4ml/kgであった。2、10、40、100、200、1000及び2000ng/ml(1%ギ酸を含むメタノールであるメタノールストックから希釈)で定量化標準曲線を調製した。50ulの標準溶液を分取し、そして標準曲線又はQCサンプルのために50ulのブランクイヌ血漿サンプル中にスパイクし、次いで、100ulのアセトニトリル(含IS)(with IS)を添加した。50ulのメタノール置換化合物標準メタノール溶液を用いて、50ulのイヌ血漿サンプルをスパイクし、そして100ulのアセトニトリル(含IS)(with IS)をイヌ血漿サンプルの測定のために添加した。静脈内投与後の2、5、15及び30分の時点の血漿サンプルをそれぞれブランクイヌ血漿で5倍又は2倍に希釈した。タンパク沈殿物(PPP)を用いてアセトニトリルで血漿を予備調製した。HPLCに連結したAPI4000MSを用いてイヌ血漿サンプルを分析した。MRM(+)を用いて、それぞれ、ネチュピタント及び上記表3の化合物番号1〜3をスキャンした。レパグリニドを内部標準として用いた。
Claims (4)
- a)室温よりも低い温度で第一の低級アルキルアルコール溶媒溶液中にてジアルキルホスフェート塩と酸を接触させ、対応するリン酸のエステルを得ること、ここで、前記酸の濃度及び量は本質的にすべての前記塩を転化させて、対応するリン酸のジアルキルエステルとするのに十分なものである、
b)室温よりも低い温度で第二の低級アルキルアルコール溶媒溶液中にて前記リン酸のジアルキルエステルを第四級アンモニウムヒドロキシド塩基と接触させること、ここで、前記塩基の濃度及び量は前記リン酸のジアルキルエステルを転化して同酸の一塩基塩とするのに十分なものである、及び、
c)低級アルキルケトン又はアルデヒド溶媒中で前記一塩基塩をクロロヨードメタンと接触させ、対応するクロロメチルジアルキルホスフェートを生成すること
を含む、クロロメチルジアルキルホスフェートの製造方法。 - 前記ジアルキルホスフェート塩はジ−(tert-ブチル)ホスフェート塩であり、前記酸は塩化水素酸であり、そして各場合に、前記室温よりも低い温度は0℃である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 両方の前記低級アルキルアルコール溶媒溶液はメタノール溶液であり、前記低級アルキルケトン又はアルデヒドはアセトンである、請求項1又は2記載の方法。
- 反応の次に、
a)溶媒及びすべての残留クロロヨードメタンを留去し、
b)蒸留残留物をtert-ブチルメチルエーテル(TMBE)中で懸濁させ、その後、ろ過し、
c)ろ液を水性塩基で洗浄し、そして
d)洗浄したろ液を減圧下に置き、溶媒をアセトンで置換する、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載の方法。
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