JP6066421B2 - 癌の治療のための低酸素活性化プロドラッグおよび血管新生阻害剤の投与方法 - Google Patents
癌の治療のための低酸素活性化プロドラッグおよび血管新生阻害剤の投与方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6066421B2 JP6066421B2 JP2013519747A JP2013519747A JP6066421B2 JP 6066421 B2 JP6066421 B2 JP 6066421B2 JP 2013519747 A JP2013519747 A JP 2013519747A JP 2013519747 A JP2013519747 A JP 2013519747A JP 6066421 B2 JP6066421 B2 JP 6066421B2
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Classifications
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- A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
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- A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
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Landscapes
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- Mycology (AREA)
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- Hematology (AREA)
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- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
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Description
独立してNまたはCR8であり;X2は、NR7、SまたはOであり;各R7は、独立して、C1−C6アルキル、C1−C6ヘテロアルキル、C3−C8シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクリル、アリールまたはヘテロアリールであり;そして、R8は、独立して、水素、ハロゲン、シアノ、CHF2、CF3、CO2H、アミノ、C1−C6アルキル、C1−C6ヘテロアルキル、C1−C6シクロアルキル、C1−C6アルコキシ、C1−C6アルキルアミノ、C1−C6ジアルキルアミノ、アリール、CON(R7)2、C1−C6アシル、C1−C6ヘテロアシル、アロイルまたはヘテロアロイル;またはそれらの薬学的に許容される塩である。本発明の種々の実施形態において、本発明で利用される化合物は、TH−281、TH−302、またはTH−308(構造は、以下に示す)である式Iの化合物である。
以下の本明細書および特許請求の範囲において、以下の意味を有するように定義される多くの用語について言及する。全ての数値指定、例えば、範囲を含む、pH、温度、時間、濃度、および重量は、一般的に0.1、1.0、または10.0刻みで(+)または(−)に適宜変化し得る近似値である。全ての数値指定は、用語「約」が先行しているものとして理解することができる。本明細書中に記載の試薬は、例示的なものであり、それらの均等物は当該技術分野で公知であろう。
治療方法
1つの実施形態では、低酸素活性化プロドラッグは、脳腫瘍のために手術後2週間毎に1回のスケジュールで約240mg/m2〜約480mg/m2の投与量で約30分〜約60分かけて静脈内に投与されるTH−302であり、血管新生阻害剤は、2週間毎に1回10mg/kg(静脈内)の標準投与量で投与されるベバシズマブである。この実施形態は、以前にベバシズマブまたは別の血管新生阻害剤で治療された再発神経膠芽腫を含む再発膠芽腫の治療において特に有用である。治療することが考慮される他の癌は、転移性結腸直腸癌(ここで、標準ベバシズマブの投与量は、静脈内5−FU系治療との併用で2週間毎に5mg/kgまたは10mg/kgである);限定されないが、非扁平上皮非小細胞肺癌を含む肺癌(ここで、標準投与量は、カルボプラチンとパクリタキセルとの併用で3週間毎に1回の15mg/kgである);転移性乳癌を含む乳癌(ここで、標準投与量は、パクリタキセルとの併用で2週間毎に1回の10mg/kgである);および限定されないが、転移性腎細胞癌を含む腎細胞癌;を含む。これらの例の各々では、癌はベバシズマブまたは別の血管新生阻害剤による先の治療後に再発または進行した癌を含むことができる。必要に応じて、低酸素状態は、静脈内投与される約500mg/m2のピモニダゾール塩酸塩(Hypoxyprobe−1)を使用して確認することができる。
1つの実施形態では、低酸素活性化プロドラッグはTH−302であり、これは約240mg/m2、約340mg/m2、約480mg/m2、または約575mg/m2の投与量で1週間に1回、約30分かけて静脈内に投与されるか、1週間休薬して、治療スケジュールに基づいて3週間続けるか、あるいは3週間続けて、1週間休薬し、そして、血管新生阻害剤はパゾパニブであり、これは、800mgという最大限の単剤投与量(経口投与)が1日1回投与される。したがって、本発明の方法の1つの実施形態では、パゾパニブが最初に投与され、治療の1週間後に、TH−302などの低酸素活性化プロドラッグが、毎週1週間遅れで、あるいは4週間スケジュールのうち3週間のいずれかに初めて投与される。本発明の方法の別の実施形態では、パゾパニブおよびTH−302は、最初に一緒に投与され、TH−302療法は、毎週または4週スケジュールの3週間にわたり施される。このスケジュールでのパゾパニブの他の適切な投与量は、毎日1回400mgおよび毎日1回200mgである。この治療投与計画は、限定されるものではないが、腎細胞癌(RCC)、肉腫、膵神経内分泌腫瘍を含む膵臓癌、または他の固形腫瘍の癌患者に本発明に従って投与することができる。
1つの実施形態では、低酸素活性化プロドラッグは、TH−302であり、これは、28日サイクルの8日目、15日目および22日目に投与され、血管新生阻害剤は、ソラフェニブであって、これはこれらのサイクルの1日目〜28日目まで食物抜きで経口投与される。この実施形態では、限定されるものではないが、肝細胞癌(HCC)およびRCCを含む進行性固形腫瘍癌を治療することができる。ソラフェニブは、例えば、1日目〜28日目まで毎日2回経口で200mg投与(1日2回、2日投与量で400mgの総日数投与量)され、そして、TH−302は、28日間のサイクルの8日目、15日目および22日目に、約240mg/m2を静脈内(例えば、30〜60で注入)に投与することができる。このスケジュールでのソラフェニブの他の適切な投与量は、1日2回の400mg(経口)、毎日1回の400mg(経口)、および2日に1回の400mg(経口)である。ソラフェニブ投与量は、治療関連毒性を管理するために、1日1回あるいは1日おきに1回の400mgに減少することができる。このスケジュールで、TH−302の他の適切な投与量は、静脈内投与で約180、約340、約480mg/m2を含む。
1つの実施形態では、低酸素活性化プロドラッグはTH−302であり、これは42日サイクルの8日目、15日目および22日目に投与され、血管新生阻害剤はスニチニブであって、これはこれらのサイクルの1日目〜28日目まで50mgが毎日、経口投与され、同じ42日サイクルで2週間休薬する。TH−302は、42日サイクルの8日目、15日目および22日目に、約240mg/m2を静脈内(例えば、30〜60分の注入)に投与することができる。このスケジュールでのTH−302の他の適切な投薬量は、約120、約180、約340、および約480mg/m2(静脈内投与)を含む。様々な実施形態において、本発明の併用療法は進行性RCCを含むRCC、限定されるものではないが、消化管間質腫瘍(GIST)を含む胃腸腫瘍、および膵神経内分泌腫瘍を含む膵臓癌からなる群から選択される癌患者に投与される。
様々な本発明の実施形態では、低酸素マーカー(本明細書では「バイオマーカー」とも称される)は、治療する患者を選択するために、および/または治療に応答している(または応答していない)患者を識別するために使用される。低酸素マーカーは、低酸素がより攻撃的な固形腫瘍の表現型を促進し、放射線照射や多くの化学療法に対する耐性のみならず、腫瘍の浸潤や悪い患者生存率の可能性を伴うことを示す研究の過程で開発されてきた。特に、<10mmHgの酸素分圧における細胞は、放射線療法のイオン化効果と化学療法の細胞毒性効果に抵抗する。偽柵状構造の腫瘍細胞を有する低酸素壊死巣は、例えば、神経膠芽腫(GBM)を定義する特徴の一つである。したがって、種々の方法が異種移植片および患者の腫瘍における低酸素の程度を評価するために考案され、本発明に従ってこれらの方法は本明細書に記載されるように適切に修正され、実施されて、患者を選択し、治療に対する応答を評価するために本発明の方法の特定の実施形態で使用される。一般に、本発明は、低酸素活性化プロドラッグでの治療に適した患者を識別するための方法を提供し、そこでは、患者の癌が低酸素であるかどうかを識別するために低酸素マーカーが使用され、そして、そうであれば、患者を低酸素活性化プロドラッグで治療する。すなわち、低酸素の程度が高いほど、患者は低酸素活性化プロドラッグでの治療に応答する可能性がより高くなる。当業者は、本開示を考慮して、これらの方法はすべての癌に有用であることを理解する。
場合により血管新生阻害剤で治療された癌患者を含む癌患者から単離された癌検体の低酸素比率を決定すること、
低酸素比率を所定のレベルの低酸素比率と比較すること、を含み、
ここで、所定のレベルに比べて増加した低酸素比率は、場合により血管新生阻害剤と併用して低酸素活性化プロドラッグを投与することを含む治療に適している可能性が高い癌患者を示し、そして、
所定のレベルと比較して類似または減少した低酸素比率は、低酸素活性化プロドラッグを投与することを含む治療に適していない可能性が高い癌患者を示す方法である。
低酸素活性化プロドラッグを用いた治療に腫瘍がより感受性となるように、腫瘍の低酸素の程度を測定し、そして血管新生阻害剤を用いて腫瘍の低酸素比率を増加させるための方法を説明するために、786−O RCC異種移植腫瘍担持ヌードマウスは、3群に無作為化された:ビヒクル(8匹のマウス)とスニチニブ(Sutent、Pfizer)(20mg/kgおよび40mg/kg)をQD(1日1回)×5の頻度でそれぞれ(各6匹)に経口投与した。最後のスニチニブを投与して71時間後に、ピモニダゾールを投与した。ヘキスト33342をピモニダゾールの投与1時間後に投与した。ヘキスト33342を投与1分後に、動物を屠殺し、組織を採取した。採取した組織の顕微鏡評価に基づいて、用量依存性の低酸素の増加と血流の減少が観察された。形態学的解析により、786−O異種移植腫瘍内の低酸素比率は、ビヒクル投与の場合の1.4±0.9%と比較して、20mg/kg投与の場合、1.6±0.9%、そして40mg/kg投与の場合、17.2±0.9%であった。40mg/kgのスニチニブを投与した場合には、有意な低酸素比率の増加が観察された。786−O RCC腫瘍は、CD31と、異種移植腫瘍における比較的小さな基本的な低酸素コンパートメント(<5%の体積)のヘキスト染色によって特徴づけられるよく血管新生した腫瘍である。しかし、スニチニブは、腫瘍の低酸素体積の用量依存的な増加とRCC腫瘍血管系の機能的な脈管構造の減少を誘発した。
低酸素活性化プロドラッグを用いた治療に腫瘍がより感受性となるように、腫瘍の低酸素の程度を測定し、そして血管新生阻害剤を用いて腫瘍の低酸素比率を増加させるための方法を説明するために、H460非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)の異種移植腫瘍担持ヌードマウスに、20mg/kgおよび40mg/kgの投与量のスニチニブを、QD(1日1回)×5の頻度でそれぞれ(各5匹)に腹腔内投与し、ビヒクル処置動物(5匹のマウス)と比較した。次いで、ピモニダゾールとヘキスト33342を投与し、動物を上記のように屠殺し、その結果は、再度、低酸素における用量依存的な増加と血流の減少を示した。採取された組織の低酸素比率(%)は、形態計測学により分析された。NSCLC(H460)腫瘍は、7%のベースライン低酸素比率を示す。スニチニブは腫瘍の低酸素体積の用量依存的な増加(24±3.2%(40mg/kg)対7.3±3.8%(ビヒクル)、p<0.05)と腫瘍の微細血管系における対応する減少を誘発した。
同様の証明が、別の血管新生阻害剤のソラフェニブ(Nexavar(登録商標)ソラフェニブ)を使用して、786−O RCCで行われた。20mpk(kg当たりのmg)と40mpkのソラフェニブを経口で1日1回、7日間投与した。ピモニダゾールは、ソラフェニブの最後の投与後3時間に投与された。ヘキスト33342は、ピモニダゾールを投与して1時間後に投与された。ヘキスト33342を投与した1分後に、動物を屠殺し、組織を採取した。786−O(RCC)腫瘍は、0.8%のベースライン低酸素比率を示す。ソラフェニブは、腫瘍の低酸素体積の用量依存性増加を誘発した:ビヒクルの場合0.8±0.2%;20mg/kgのソラフェニブ投与の場合3.5±1.6%、および40mg/kgのソラフェニブの場合10±2.5%。有意に増加した低酸素体積が、40mg/kg治療群で観察された(p<0.05対ビヒクル)。
ソラフェニブ投与後に、別の癌すなわち肝細胞癌PLC/PRF/5の低酸素レベルも測定された。測定は、20または40mg/kgのソラフェニブを8日間毎日1回投与した以外は、上記と同様に行った。PLC/PRF/5(HCC)の腫瘍は、4.3%のベースライン低酸素比率を示す。ソラフェニブは、腫瘍の低酸素体積の用量依存性増加を誘発した:ビヒクルの場合4.3±0.4%;20mg/kgのソラフェニブ投与の場合6.5±0.6%、および40mg/kgのソラフェニブの場合9.3±0.7%。有意に増加した低酸素体積が、20mg/kg治療群(p<0.05対ビヒクル)および40mg/kg治療群(p<0.001対ビヒクル)で観察された。
TH−302の抗癌効果は、抗血管新生療法との組み合わせで実証された。異種移植腫瘍は、5×106の786−Oヒト腎細胞癌(RCC)細胞、5×106のA375メラノーマ細胞、または1×106のH460ヒト非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)細胞のヌードマウスの脇腹への皮下移植によって、あるいは5×106のPLC/PRF/5肝細胞癌(HCC)の重症複合免疫不全(SCID)マウスの脇腹への皮下移植によって確立された。腫瘍の低酸素は、ピモニダゾール免疫染色により検出され、形態学的分析が低酸素比率を測定するために行われた。腫瘍の大きさが約100〜150mm3であったとき、スニチニブまたはソラフェニブを毎日投与した。20、40、または80mg/kgのスニチニブを経口で毎日3週間投与した(QD×21)。A375メラノーマモデルを利用する研究を除いて、これらの研究のすべてについては、TH−302の投与を血管新生阻害剤の投与後1週間に始めた。A375メラノーマモデルでは、TH−302の投与は、ソラフェニブ投与と同じ日に開始された。50mg/kgのTH−302は、毎日1回5日間と2日間の休薬(QD×5)の2週間、腹腔内に投与された。スニチニブは、両方の薬剤が与えられた日に、TH−302投与の4時間前に投与された。
臨床試験では、本発明の方法に従って腎細胞癌、消化管間質腫瘍および膵神経内分泌腫瘍の患者に投与されたスニチニブとの併用において、TH−302の安全性、忍容性および臨床関連疾患の応答性を証明している。スニチニブは、42日サイクルの1日目から28日目まで毎日、経口投与される。TH−302は、42日サイクルの8日目、15日目と22日目に、1週間に1回、30〜60分の静脈内に点滴投与される。深刻な治療関連毒性または進行性疾患の所見なしで6週間の治療サイクルを成功裏に完了した患者は、治療を継続し、最大6サイクルの治療を受けることができる。他の実施形態では、追加のサイクルを施してもよい。
Claims (22)
- 癌の治療用組成物の製造のためのTH−302の使用であって、
該TH−302が、血管新生阻害剤と組み合わせて投与され、
該血管新生阻害剤が、エベロリムス、ラパマイシン、テムセロリムス、ベバシズマブ、ラニビズマブ、ラムシルマブ、アフリベルセプト、パゾパニブ、スニチニブ、およびソラフェニブからなる群から選択される、使用。 - 前記TH−302が、週1回投与される、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 前記血管新生阻害剤の投与が癌の低酸素比率の増加をもたらした後に初めて、前記TH−302の初回投与を行う、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 前記TH−302の初回投与が、前記血管新生阻害剤の初回投与の少なくとも7日後である、請求項3に記載の使用。
- 前記血管新生阻害剤が、ベバシズマブ、パゾパニブ、ソラフェニブ、およびスニチニブからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 前記血管新生阻害剤がベバシズマブである、請求項5に記載の使用。
- 前記癌が、乳癌、結腸直腸癌、神経膠芽腫、非扁平上皮非小細胞肺癌、および腎細胞癌からなる群から選択される、請求項6に記載の使用。
- 前記血管新生阻害剤がパゾパニブである、請求項5に記載の使用。
- 前記癌が、膵臓癌、腎細胞癌、および肉腫からなる群から選択される、請求項8に記載の使用。
- 前記血管新生阻害剤がソラフェニブである、請求項5に記載の使用。
- 前記癌が、肝細胞癌および腎細胞癌からなる群から選択される、請求項10に記載の使用。
- 前記血管新生阻害剤がスニチニブである、請求項5に記載の使用。
- 前記癌が、消化管間質腫瘍、腎細胞癌、および膵神経内分泌腫瘍からなる群から選択される、請求項12に記載の使用。
- 前記癌の低酸素比率が、前記血管新生阻害剤の初回投与の前または後に測定される、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 再発神経膠芽腫の治療用組成物の製造のためのTH−302の使用であって、
該TH−302が、ベバシズマブと組み合わせて、週1回投与され、
患者が、以前にベバシズマブによる治療を受けている、使用。 - 前記ベバシズマブが、2週間毎に1回10mg/kg〜25mg/kgの投与量で投与される、請求項15に記載の使用。
- 癌の治療用組成物の製造のためのTH−302の使用であって、
該TH−302が、血管新生阻害剤と組み合わせて、週1回投与され、
該血管新生阻害剤が、エベロリムス、ラパマイシン、テムセロリムス、ベバシズマブ、ラニビズマブ、ラムシルマブ、アフリベルセプト、パゾパニブ、スニチニブ、およびソラフェニブからなる群から選択され、
患者が、転移癌、難治性癌または1次治療、2次治療または3次治療に対して難治性である再発癌である、使用。 - 前記患者が、以前に血管新生阻害剤で治療されたが癌が進行している、請求項17に記載の使用。
- 前記TH−302が、複数のサイクルで投与され、
各サイクルが、TH−302を投与する1週間又は連続した2週間若しくは3週間の後、TH−302を投与しない1〜3週間が続くように構成される、請求項1に記載の使用。 - 前記TH−302が、複数のサイクルで投与され、
各サイクルが、TH−302を投与する1週間又は連続した2週間若しくは3週間の後、TH−302を投与しない1〜3週間が続くように構成される、請求項17に記載の使用。 - 前記TH−302が、240mg/m2〜670mg/m2の投与量で週1回投与される、請求項19に記載の使用。
- 前記TH−302が、240mg/m2〜670mg/m2の投与量で週1回投与される、請求項20に記載の使用。
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RU2597844C2 (ru) | 2016-09-20 |
KR20130045341A (ko) | 2013-05-03 |
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HK1254083A1 (zh) | 2019-07-12 |
EP3311835B1 (en) | 2021-03-24 |
RU2013103027A (ru) | 2014-08-20 |
EP2593139A4 (en) | 2013-11-27 |
ES2649340T3 (es) | 2018-01-11 |
EP2593139A2 (en) | 2013-05-22 |
EP3311835A1 (en) | 2018-04-25 |
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WO2012009288A2 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
CA2803675A1 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
WO2012009288A9 (en) | 2012-04-19 |
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