JP6046347B2 - 燃料中の金属の溶出を減少させるための添加剤 - Google Patents
燃料中の金属の溶出を減少させるための添加剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6046347B2 JP6046347B2 JP2011531069A JP2011531069A JP6046347B2 JP 6046347 B2 JP6046347 B2 JP 6046347B2 JP 2011531069 A JP2011531069 A JP 2011531069A JP 2011531069 A JP2011531069 A JP 2011531069A JP 6046347 B2 JP6046347 B2 JP 6046347B2
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- fuel
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- polyisobutylene
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims description 116
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- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 title description 5
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 59
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- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 16
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- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
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- LSHROXHEILXKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[2-[2-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino]ethylamino]ethyl]ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCNCCN LSHROXHEILXKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- MRNZSTMRDWRNNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(hexamethylene)triamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCNCCCCCCN MRNZSTMRDWRNNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- SWVGZFQJXVPIKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-bis(methylamino)propan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCN(NC)NC SWVGZFQJXVPIKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUHZZVMEUAUWHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCN(C)C ZUHZZVMEUAUWHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000004971 nitroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000018 nitroso group Chemical group N(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- KJOMYNHMBRNCNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,1-diamine Chemical compound CCCCC(N)N KJOMYNHMBRNCNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001522 polyglycol ester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylenediamine Chemical compound CC(N)CN AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N putrescine Chemical compound NCCCCN KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZYXNRREDYWPLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2,3-diamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CN=C1N ZZYXNRREDYWPLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl Chemical class [SH] PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003628 tricarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
- C10L1/1881—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
- C10L1/1883—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom polycarboxylic acid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Description
例えば、本発明は、以下の項目を提供する。
(項目1)
燃料組成物中に酸化金属が溶出する量を減少させる方法であって:
酸型の少なくとも2つのカルボキシ官能基、または無水物型の少なくとも1つのカルボキシ官能基で置換された炭化水素を含む添加剤を前記燃料組成物に加える工程
を含む、方法。
(項目2)
前記置換炭化水素はヒドロカルビル置換アシル化剤であり、二酸官能性を有する、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目3)
前記置換炭化水素はコハク酸アシル化剤である、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目4)
溶出が減少される前記酸化金属は銅、亜鉛、鉄またはこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、項目1〜3のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目5)
前記置換炭化水素の前記ヒドロカルビル基はポリイソブチレンを含む、項目1〜4のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目6)
前記置換炭化水素剤は:
(a)ヒドロカルビル置換コハク酸無水物;
(b)加水分解されたヒドロカルビル置換コハク酸無水物;
(c)これらの組み合わせ
からなる群から選択される、項目1〜5のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目7)
前記燃料組成物は抗乳化剤、消泡剤、低温流動剤(cold flow agent)、分散剤/清浄剤添加剤またはこれらの組み合わせをさらに含み;
前記燃料は、酸化金属を含む固体材料に長時間接触させたままにしておくと、前記金属が0.5ppmを超えるレベルまで溶出しやすい
項目1に記載の方法。
(項目8)
前記分散剤/清浄剤添加剤はスクシンイミド分散剤、第四級アンモニウム塩またはこれらの組み合わせを含む、項目7に記載の方法。
(項目9)
前記燃料組成物はディーゼル燃料、バイオディーゼルまたはこれらの組み合わせを含む、項目1〜8のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目10)
前記燃料組成物は燃料添加剤組成物である、項目1〜9のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目11)
前記方法はさらに、前記方法の前記燃料組成物が使用されるエンジンのインジェクターデポジットを減少させる、項目1〜10のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目12)
燃料組成物であって:
(a)燃料;
(b)酸型の少なくとも2つのカルボキシ官能基、または無水物型の少なくとも1つのカルボキシ官能基で置換された炭化水素を含む添加剤;および
(c)任意の他の性能添加剤
を含む、燃料組成物。
(項目13)
燃料添加剤組成物であって:
(a)任意の溶剤;
(b)酸型の少なくとも2つのカルボキシ官能基、または無水物型の少なくとも1つのカルボキシ官能基で置換された炭化水素を含む添加剤;および
(c)任意の他の性能添加剤
を含む、燃料添加剤組成物。
(項目14)
燃料組成物中に酸型の少なくとも2つのカルボキシ官能基、または無水物型の少なくとも1つのカルボキシ官能基で置換された炭化水素を含ませて前記燃料組成物に酸化金属が溶出する量を減少させる、燃料添加剤の使用であって、前記添加剤を含む燃料組成物が使用されるエンジンのインジェクターデポジットの形成をさらに任意に減少させる、使用。
本発明は、燃料添加剤、燃料添加剤組成物、燃料組成物、および内燃機関に燃料を供給する方法に関する。本発明は、金属溶出(metal−pick)を減少させる方法を提供し、いくつかの実施形態では、燃料組成物中の亜鉛溶出、いくつかの実施形態では、内燃機関の運転中に亜鉛溶出を減少させる方法を提供する。
本発明の置換炭化水素系添加剤は、酸型の少なくとも2つのカルボキシ官能基、または無水物型の少なくとも1つのカルボキシ官能基で置換された炭化水素を含む。いくつかの実施形態では、この添加剤は、酸型または無水物型の少なくとも2つのカルボキシ官能基で置換された炭化水素である。他の実施形態では、添加剤は、ヒドロカルビル置換コハク酸アシル化剤である。他の実施形態では、置換炭化水素系添加剤は、ダイマー酸化合物である。なお他の実施形態では、本発明の置換炭化水素系添加剤は、このセクションに記載する2種以上の添加剤の組み合わせを含む。
本発明の燃料添加剤組成物は上述の燃料添加剤を含み、さらに溶剤および/または1種または複数種の追加の性能添加剤も含む。こうした添加剤組成物は、添加剤コンセントレートおよび/またはコンセントレートとも呼ばれ、添加剤組成物を添加していない燃料に加えて燃料組成物を調製するのに使用していてもよい。
本発明の燃料組成物は上述の燃料添加剤および液体燃料を含むものであり、内燃機関に燃料を供給する際に有用である。また、燃料は上述の添加剤組成物の成分でもよい。
本発明の添加剤組成物および燃料組成物は、1種または複数種の他の性能添加剤をさらに含んでいてもよい。追加の性能添加剤は、内燃機関の種類およびそのエンジンに使用されている燃料の種類、燃料の品質およびエンジンが運転される使用条件などいくつかの要因に応じて燃料組成物に加えてもよい。
不飽和一価カルボン酸と反応するオレフィンポリマーとしては、C2〜C20、たとえばC2〜C5モノオレフィンを主要なモル量で含むポリマーを挙げることができる。こうしたオレフィンとして、エチレン、プロピレン、ブチレン、イソブチレン、ペンテン、オクテン−1またはスチレンがある。こうしたポリマーは、ポリイソブチレンなどのホモポリマー、さらにはエチレンとプロピレン;ブチレンとイソブチレン;プロピレンとイソブチレンとのコポリマーなど2つ以上のこうしたオレフィンのコポリマーであってもよい。他のコポリマーとしては、少ない(minor)モル量の、たとえば1〜10モル%のコポリマーのモノマーがC4〜C18ジオレフィンであるコポリマー、たとえばイソブチレンとブタジエンとのコポリマー;またはエチレン、プロピレンおよび1,4−ヘキサジエンのコポリマーなどがある。
−(H)C=C(R2)(R2) (II)
式中、R2はヒドロカルビル基であり、いくつかの実施形態では2つのR2基はメチル基であり、
−(H)(R3)C(C(CH3)=CH2) (III)
式中、R3はヒドロカルビル基である。
(R4C(O)(R5)nC(O))R4 (IV)
および
一実施形態では、本発明は液体燃料に、および/または圧縮点火機関または火花点火式機関のいずれの内燃機関の運転に有用である。内燃機関は、ガソリン、ディーゼル、天然ガス、混合ガソリン/アルコールまたは上記のセクションに記載した燃料のいずれかを供給する2サイクルまたは4サイクル機関を含む。圧縮点火機関は、ライトデューティーディーゼルエンジンとヘビーデューティーディーゼルエンジンとを含む。火花点火式機関は、ポート噴射ガソリンエンジンおよび直接噴射ガソリンエンジンを含む。
Claims (4)
- ディーゼル、バイオディーゼルまたはそれらの組み合わせから選択される燃料組成物において運転される内燃機関において亜鉛が溶出する量を0.5ppm未満に減少させる方法であって:
添加剤を前記燃料組成物に加える工程であって、前記添加剤が、
(a)ポリイソブチレン置換コハク酸無水物、加水分解されたポリイソブチレン置換コハク酸無水物またはこれらの組み合わせであって、前記ポリイソブチレンが、平均少なくとも30個から350個の炭素原子を含み、そして少なくとも300の数平均分子量(Mn)によって特徴づけられる、ポリイソブチレン置換コハク酸無水物、加水分解されたポリイソブチレン置換コハク酸無水物またはこれらの組み合わせ、および
(b)第四級アンモニウム塩
を含む、工程;および
前記燃料組成物を前記内燃機関に供給する工程
を含む、方法。 - 前記燃料組成物は抗乳化剤、消泡剤、低温流動剤(cold flow agent)、分散剤/清浄剤添加剤またはこれらの組み合わせをさらに含み;
前記燃料は、亜鉛を含む固体材料に長時間接触させたままにしておくと、亜鉛が0.5ppmを超えるレベルまで溶出する
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記方法はさらに、前記エンジンのインジェクターデポジットを減少させる、請求項1〜2のいずれかに記載の方法。
- ディーゼル、バイオディーゼルまたはそれらの組み合わせから選択される燃料組成物において運転される内燃機関において亜鉛が溶出する量を0.5ppm未満に減少させるための前記燃料組成物における燃料添加剤の使用であって、前記添加剤が、
(a)ポリイソブチレン置換コハク酸無水物、加水分解されたポリイソブチレン置換コハク酸無水物またはこれらの組み合わせであって、前記ポリイソブチレンが、平均少なくとも30個から350個の炭素原子を含み、そして少なくとも300の数平均分子量(Mn)によって特徴づけられる、ポリイソブチレン置換コハク酸無水物、加水分解されたポリイソブチレン置換コハク酸無水物またはこれらの組み合わせ、および
(b)第四級アンモニウム塩
を含み、前記エンジンのインジェクターデポジットの形成をさらに任意に減少させる、使用。
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