JP6045678B1 - アワビのβグルカン結合タンパク質から誘導された抗菌ペプチド、これをコーディングする核酸及びこれらの用途 - Google Patents
アワビのβグルカン結合タンパク質から誘導された抗菌ペプチド、これをコーディングする核酸及びこれらの用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
(N‐末端)‐WLWKAIWKLLX‐(C末端)…(1)
本明細書において、用語「アミノ酸」は最も広い意味で用いられ、自然発生L-アミノ酸若しくは残基を含むものと意図される。自然発生アミノ酸に対し、通常用いられる1-及び3‐文字略語が本明細書に用いられる(文献[Lehninger、Biochemistry、2d ed.、pp.71−92、(Worth Publishers:New York、1975])。アミノ酸はD‐アミノ酸のみならず、化学的に変形されたアミノ酸、例えばアミノ酸類似体、通常はタンパク質に混入されない自然発生アミノ酸、例えば、ノルロイシン及び当業界に公知されたアミノ酸の特性を有する、化学的に合成された化合物を含む。例えば、天然フェニルアラニン(Phe)若しくはプロリン(Pro)と同一のペプチド化合物の立体形態の制限を許容するフェニルアラニン若しくはプロリンの類似体若しくは模倣体がアミノ酸の定義内に含まれる。かかる類似体及び模倣体は、本明細書においてアミノ酸の「機能的均等物」として称される。アミノ酸の他の例は、文献[Roberts and Vellaccio、The Peptides:Analysis、Synthesis、Biology、Eds.Gross and Meiehofer、Vol.5、p.341(Academic Press、Inc.:N.Y.1983)]に列挙されている。
抗菌ペプチドの作用機作は、大きく二つに分けられる。その一つは、殆どの抗菌ペプチドは菌の細胞膜の透過性を増加させて膜電位を破壊し、細胞代謝を止めることである。他の一つは、その他の少数の抗菌ペプチドは菌株細胞内に浸透し、DNA若しくはRNAと結合し、転写若しくは翻訳を抑制する強力な作用機作を示すことである。これら抗菌ペプチドの活性に重要であると知られた構造要素としては、次のようなものがある。第1に両親媒性へリックス構造(amphipathic helix)、第2に前記ヘリックス構造を安定化させる残基の分布、第3に塩基性残基の分布、第4に疎水性残基の分布、第5に電荷を帯びる残基とヘリックス構造の双極子との間の相互作用、第6に反対電荷を帯びる残基同士の塩橋が挙げられる。
(N‐末端)‐WLWKAIWKLLX‐(C末端)…(1)
本発明によって合成されたペプチドは、様々な細菌株及び酵母細胞株に対しても抗菌活性を示し(図3Aないし図3Bを参照)、高温の加熱処理によっても抗菌活性が低下せず(図4を参照)、高濃度の塩を加えてもその活性を失わない(図5を参照)。それだけではなく、本発明のペプチドは、正常細胞には毒性を示さないが、癌細胞株に対しては選択的に毒性を発揮し(図6Cないし図6Dを参照)、癌細胞株のアポトーシスを誘導し、抗癌活性を見せた(図7Aないし図7E及び図8Aないし図8Eを参照)。
3年生のエゾアワビから得られた7つの組織からcDNAライブラリを構築し、発現された配列タグを分析した。エゾアワビの発現された配列決定タグである非相補的なオープンリーディングフレーム(ORF)及びクロアワビとの高い類似性を有するクローンを使用し、エゾアワビ由来の脂質多糖類及びβ‐1,3‐グルカン結合タンパク質(HDH‐LGBP)を分離した。消化管cDNAライブラリから得られた一つのEST(expressed sequence tag)クローン(DGT‐151)は、他の種のLGBPと相同性があり、このクローンから632‐bpの核酸配列を得た。
(1)抗菌活性ペプチドの設計及び生理化学的特性
HDH‐LGBPの多糖類‐結合ドメインに相応するアミノ酸配列に基づき、抗菌活性があるものと予想される天然ペプチドと、天然ペプチドとを比較し、一部のアミノ酸が異なって置換されたペプチド変異体を設計した。ペプチド変異体は、HDH‐LGBPの多糖類結合モチーフに位置するアミノ酸配列に基づいて設計された。配列番号:1のアミノ酸配列(図1の成熟全長ペプチドで192‐202アミノ酸残基)を有する天然ペプチド(HDH‐LGBP‐N)と、天然ペプチドの一部のアミノ酸を置換した配列番号:3のアミノ酸配列を有するペプチド変異体(HDH‐LGBP‐A1)及び配列番号:4のアミノ酸配列を有するペプチド変異体(HDH‐LGBP‐A2)が抗菌活性があるものと予想された。
表1中、*はC‐末端アミド化を示し、**はβターンを示し、***はランダムコイルを示し、****はαヘリクスを示す。
抗菌活性が確認された天然ペプチド(HDH‐LGBP‐N)と、この天然ペプチドの一部のアミノ酸を置換した二つのペプチド変異体(HDH‐LGBP‐A1、HDH‐LGBP‐A2)を設計し、これらペプチドを95%以上の純度で、Peptron Inc.(大韓民国・大田)で商業的に合成した。これらペプチドは、ASP48S(Peptron Inc.大韓民国・大田)を使用し、FmoC solid phaseペプチド合成(SPPS)を用いて合成し、Vydac Everest C18カラム(250mm×22mm、10μm;Grace,Deerfield,IL,USA)を用いる高性能液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)を用いて精製した。溶離は、0.1%(v/v)トリフルオロ酢酸を含む水・アセトニトリル直線勾配(アセトニトリル3〜40%(v/v))を用いて行なった。精製されたペプチドの分子量は、液状クロマトグラフィー/質量分析器(LC/MS; HP100 series; Agilent,Santa Clara,CA,USA)を用いて確認した。合成されたすべてのペプチドを0.01%酢酸に溶解し、1000μg/mlの貯蔵溶液を得た。
高感度の放射拡散アッセイ(URDA)を通じ、前述の合成されたペプチド変異体の抗菌活性を測定した。Bacillus cereus,Staphylococus aureus RM4220,Streptococcus iniae FP5229及びS.mutansを含むグラム陽性菌と、Pseudomonas aeruginosa KCTC2004、Vibrio anguillarum、Vibrio harveyiを含むグラム陰性菌と、Candida albicans KCTC7965酵母を対象に、合成ペプチドの抗菌特性をテストした。テスト対象の菌株を適切な温度(P.aeruginosa及びS.iniaeは25℃、その他は37℃)で、脳心臓・浸出液培地(BHI、BD Bioscience、USA)で成長させた。酵母菌株であるC.albicans KCTC7965は、25℃の酵母培地(YM)で成長させた。16〜18時間、恒温培養した後、菌及び酵母の懸濁液を微生物に対して〜108CFU/ml、C.albicansに対して〜106CFU/mlに相応する0.5マクファーランド濁度基準(McFarland turbidity standard of 0.5、Vitek Colorimeter #52‐1210;Hach、Loveland、CO、USA)に希釈した。希釈された細菌若しくはC.albicans懸濁液1/2mlを、0.03%TSB(Tryptic Soy Broth)若しくは0.03%SDB(Soybean powder Dextrose Broth)及び1%Type I(low EEO)アガロースが備えられた10mMのリン酸バッファー(PB; pH6.6)に溶解された5×106CFU/ml若しくは5×104CFU/mlを含むアンダーレイゲル9.5mlに添加した。精製されたペプチドを酸性化水(0.01%HAc)5μlで2つを連続希釈し、それぞれの希釈液を厚さ1mmのアンダーレイゲルで製造された直径2.5mmのウェルに添加した。P.aeruginosa、S.iniae、C.albicansに対して25℃、その他の菌株に対して37℃で、それぞれ3時間、恒温培養した後、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS,pH6.6)10mMを用いて、6%のBHI若しくは6%のYMを含むダブル・ストレングス・オーバーレイゲル10mlで、1%のアガロースで細菌若しくは酵母サスペンションを覆った。プレートをさらに18〜24時間恒温培養した後、透明部位の直径を測定した。ウェルの直径を除き、透明部位の直径をユニット(0.1mm=1U)で表した。
温度及び塩がペプチド変異体(HDH‐LGBP‐A1、HDH‐LGBP‐A2)の抗菌活性に与える影響を研究するため、細菌株B.cereus、S.aureus、S.iniae、P.aeruginosa及び酵母C.albicansを対象に、高感度放射拡散アッセイ(URDA)を用いて抗菌活性をテストした。熱安定性を探求するため、2つのペプチド変異体をそれぞれ10分間100℃で恒温培養した。加熱処理後、ペプチドを冷却させ、実施例3で記述したようにURDAに使用した。熱安定性に対する分析結果を図4に示す。これらペプチドの抗菌活性は、加熱処理によって深刻に影響されない。特に、2つのペプチド変異体は、S.aureus、P.aeruginosa及びC.albicansのような微生物菌株に対し、強い抗菌活性を示す。熱安定性分析により、HDH‐LGBPペプチド変異体が熱に安定するということが確認された。
2つのヒト癌細胞株(HeLaとA549)及び正常細胞株(ヒト臍帯静脈内皮細胞、Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells、HUVEC)に対し、位相差顕微鏡検査と、ミトコンドリアの脱水素化酵素の活性に基づいて生きている細胞を測定するMTS分析とを用い、合成されたHDH‐LGBPペプチド変異体の毒性効果を研究した。HeLa(ヒト子宮頚部腺癌腫)及びA549(ヒト肺癌腫)細胞株を、米国の微生物保存センター(ATCC;Rockville MD、USA)で購入した。HUVEC細胞株は、ジョン博士(国立プサン大学・分子生物学科、プサン、韓国)から提供を受けた。すべての細胞を5%CO2の37℃のインキュベーターで、10%のウシ胎児血清(FBS、Gibco)と100U/mlの抗生/抗真菌剤(antibiotics‐antimycotics、Life Technologies)を含むDMEM(Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s medium、Welgene)培地で培養した。
本実施例でAnnexin V‐FITC/PI(よう化プロピジウム)染色法を用いてHeLa細胞の癌細胞膜に対するHDH‐LGBPペプチド変異体の効果を研究した。細胞膜の構造維持及び細胞表面のホスファチジルセリン(PS)に対するHDH‐LGBPの効果を評価するため、HeLa細胞を35mmディッシュに播種し、24時間様々の濃度のHDH‐LGBP‐A1及びHDH‐LGBP‐A2(1〜50μg/ml)で恒温培養し、陰性コントロールとして0.01%の酢酸で処理した。一定濃度(1、5、10、20μg/ml)のペプチド変異体で処理した後、トリプシン消化させて細胞を収穫し、冷たいPBSで洗浄し、結合緩衝液(0.01M Hepes/NaOH、pH7.4)、0.14MのNaCl及び2.5mMのCaCl2で再懸濁させた。続いて、細胞を製造社の指示に従い、FITC‐annexin V及びPIで染色した(FITC‐Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit、BD Biosciences、USA)。染色した細胞を弱めに混合し、BeckmanCoulter FC500(BeckmanCoulter)でフローサイトメトリーを測定し、その結果をCellQuestソフトウェア(BD Biosciences、USA)を用いて分析した。ホスファチジルセリン(PS)は、アポトーシスの初期段階で、細胞膜の内層から外層に移動する。カルシウム依存性のリン脂質結合タンパク質であるannexin Vは、高い親和力でPSに結合するが、この結合はアポトーシスのマーカーである。損傷した細胞若しくは死滅細胞の崩壊された膜はPIを通過させる一方、破損していない膜を有する生存性細胞はPIを排除する。Q1・Q2・Q3・Q4ゲートは、それぞれ死滅細胞、アポトーシスの後期段階、正常細胞及びアポトーシスの初期段階を表す。
HDH‐LGBPペプチド変異体と、細胞内分子であるDNA及びDNA重合酵素との間の相互作用を調べるため、本発明によって合成されたHDH‐LGBPペプチド変異体を使用し、電気泳動移動度シフトアッセイ(EMSA、electrophoretic mobility shift assay)と、DNAポリメラーゼ抑制アッセイ(DNA polymerase inhibition assay)を行なった。本実施例によるテストで、アガロースゲルを通過するDNAバンドの移動速度抑制を検査し、ペプチド‐DNA結合を評価した。商業的な分子量マーカーであるλ‐Hind IIIで切断されたDNA(50ng;Roche、Basel、Switzerland)を0.01%の酢酸に溶解された様々な濃度のペプチド(0、0.157、0.313、0.625、1.25、2.5μg)と混合し、常温で5分間恒温培養した後、0.5μg/mlのエチジウムブロマイド(EtBr)を含む1.0%のアガロースゲルで電気泳動した。分析結果を図9Aに示す。一般的に陰電荷のDNAは電場で陽極に移動するが、DNAが陽イオン性ペプチドで密集されていると、DNAはローディングウェルで徐々に移動するか、或いは動かない。着体を形成しないDNAと比べ、2.5μgのHDH‐LGBP‐A1によって移動度が多少抑制された。
Claims (13)
- 下記式(1)のアミノ酸配列で表されるペプチド。
[式1]
(N‐末端)‐WLWKAIWKLLX‐(C末端)…(1)
(式(1)中、Xはリシン(K)、アルギニン(R)及びヒスチジン(H)で構成される群から選択される塩基性アミノ酸であるか、或いはセリン(S)、トレオニン(T)、アスパラジン(N)及びグルタミン(Q)で構成される群から選択される極性アミノ酸である。) - 前記式(1)のペプチドは、配列番号:3若しくは配列番号:5のアミノ酸配列で構成される、請求項1に記載のペプチド。
- 前記式(1)で表されるペプチドのC‐末端は、アミド化されている、請求項1に記載のペプチド。
- 前記ペプチドは、抗菌活性及び抗癌活性から選択される少なくとも一つの生理的活性を有する、請求項1に記載のペプチド。
- 請求項1に記載のペプチドをコーディングする核酸。
- 前記核酸は、配列番号:4若しくは配列番号:6の塩基配列で構成されるヌクレオチドを含む、請求項5に記載の核酸。
- 請求項5または請求項6に記載の核酸が挿入された組換え発現ベクター。
- 請求項1ないし請求項4のうち、いずれか1項に記載のペプチドを有効成分として含む抗癌用薬学組成物。
- 前記ペプチドは、子宮癌、子宮頸癌及び肺癌で構成される群から選択される少なくとも一つの癌を治療する、請求項8に記載の抗癌用薬学組成物。
- 請求項1ないし請求項4のうち、いずれか1項に記載のペプチドを有効成分として含む抗菌用薬学組成物。
- 前記ペプチドは、グラム陽性菌、グラム陰性菌及び酵母に対して抗菌活性を示す、請求項10に記載の抗菌用薬学組成物。
- 請求項1ないし請求項4のうち、いずれか1項に記載のペプチドを有効成分として含む抗菌用化粧品組成物。
- 請求項1ないし請求項4のうち、いずれか1項に記載のペプチドを有効成分として含む抗菌用食品添加剤。
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