JP5999193B2 - 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 - Google Patents
内燃機関の排気浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
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Description
内燃機関の排気通路に設けられ、排気中の粒子状物質を捕集するフィルタであって、アンモニアを還元剤として排気中のNOxを還元する選択還元型NOx触媒が担持されたフィルタ(SCRF)と、
前記フィルタにアンモニア又はアンモニアの前駆体を供給するアンモニア供給装置と、
前記フィルタより下流側の排気通路に設けられた後段触媒と、を備えた内燃機関の排気浄化装置において、
前記後段触媒が、
アンモニアを吸着する機能及びアンモニアを還元剤としてNOxを還元する機能を有する吸着還元部と、
前記吸着還元部よりも排気の流れに沿って下流側に位置し、アンモニアを酸化する機能を有する第1酸化部と、
前記吸着還元部及び前記第1酸化部よりも排気の流れに沿って下流側に位置し、前記第1酸化部よりも酸化能力が高く、HC及びCOを酸化する機能を有する第2酸化部と、を含んで構成されている。
図1は、本実施例に係る内燃機関の吸排気系の概略構成を示す図である。内燃機関1は車両駆動用のディーゼルエンジンである。内燃機関1には吸気通路2及び排気通路3が接続されている。吸気通路2には、内燃機関1の吸入空気量を検知するエアフローメータ11が設けられている。
る。ただし、本発明に係るアンモニア供給装置は、アンモニアを液体又は固体として供給する装置であってもよい。また、本発明に係るアンモニア供給装置は、アンモニアの前駆体を供給する装置であってもよい。例えば、本実施例において、アンモニア添加弁6に代えて、排気中に尿素水溶液を添加する尿素添加弁を設けてもよい。この場合、アンモニアの前駆体として尿素がSCRF7に供給される。そして、尿素が加水分解することでアンモニアが生成される。
ここで、本実施例に係る後段触媒8の概略構成について図2A,2Bに基づいて説明する。図2Aは、本実施例に係る後段触媒8の概略構成を示す図である。図2Bは、本実施例に係る後段触媒8におけるアンモニア除去用触媒81の概略構成を示す図である。尚、図2A,2Bにおいて、白抜き矢印は排気の流れ方向を表している。
本実施例において、フィルタ再生処理が実行された時には、前段触媒5に供給された燃料に含まれるHC及びCOの一部が該前段触媒5において酸化されずに該前段触媒5をすり抜ける場合がある。前段触媒5をすり抜けたHC及びCOはSCRF7に流入する。しかしながら、SCRF7に担持されたSCR触媒7aは酸化能力が非常に低い。そのため、SCRF7に流入したHC及びCOはSCR触媒7aにおいて酸化され難い。従って、前段触媒5をすり抜けたHC及びCOはSCRF7をもすり抜ける場合がある。
図3は、本実施例の後段触媒8の変形例の概略構成を示す図である。本構成では、基材8a上にHC・CO酸化層8bが設けられ、該HC・CO酸化層8b層上にアンモニア酸化層8cが設けられ、該アンモニア酸化層8c上に吸着還元層8dが設けられている。
本実施例において、後段触媒8に流入する排気中におけるHC、CO、及びアンモニアの排気通路3の軸方向と垂直方向の分布が偏っていると、後段触媒8においてHC、CO、及びアンモニアが除去され難い。そこで、SCRF7よりも下流側且つ後段触媒8よりも上流側の排気通路3に、軸方向と垂直方向の断面積が小さい絞り部を設けてもよい。このような絞り部を設けることで、後段触媒8に流入する排気中におけるHC、CO、及びアンモニアの排気通路3の軸方向と垂直方向の分布の偏りを小さくすることができる。その結果、後段触媒8においてHC、CO、及びアンモニアが除去され易くなる。
2・・・吸気通路
3・・・排気通路
4・・・燃料添加弁
5・・・前段触媒
6・・・アンモニア添加弁
7・・・フィルタ(SCRF)
7a・・選択還元型NOx触媒(SCR触媒)
8・・・後段触媒
8a・・基材
8b・・HC・CO酸化層
8c・・アンモニア酸化層
8d・・吸着還元層
81・・アンモ二ア除去用触媒
81a・・基材
81b・・アンモニア酸化層
81c・・吸着還元層
82・・HC・CO除去用触媒
10・・ECU
Claims (3)
- 内燃機関の排気通路に設けられ、排気中の粒子状物質を捕集するフィルタであって、アンモニアを還元剤として排気中のNOxを還元する選択還元型NOx触媒が担持されたフィルタと、
前記フィルタにアンモニア又はアンモニアの前駆体を供給するアンモニア供給装置と、
前記フィルタより下流側の排気通路に設けられた後段触媒と、を備えた内燃機関の排気浄化装置において、
前記後段触媒が、
アンモニアを酸化する機能を有する第1酸化部と、
前記第1酸化部上に設けられ、前記第1酸化部を通って排気が到達する吸着還元部であって、アンモニアを吸着する機能及びアンモニアを還元剤としてNOxを還元する機能を有する吸着還元部と、
前記吸着還元部及び前記第1酸化部よりも排気の流れに沿って下流側に位置し、前記第1酸化部よりも酸化能力が高く、HC及びCOを酸化する機能を有する第2酸化部と、を含んで構成されている内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記吸着還元部が、ゼオライトを材料とする担体に貴金属よりも酸化能力の低い金属を担持させることで形成されている請求項1に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 前記第1酸化部及び前記第2酸化部が、担体に貴金属を担持させることで形成されており、且つ、
前記第2酸化部における単位面積当たりの貴金属の担持量が前記第1酸化部における単位面積当たりの貴金属の担持量よりも多い請求項1又は2に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
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