JP5997798B2 - 等圧開放冷凍天然ガス液回収による窒素除去 - Google Patents
等圧開放冷凍天然ガス液回収による窒素除去 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5997798B2 JP5997798B2 JP2015042548A JP2015042548A JP5997798B2 JP 5997798 B2 JP5997798 B2 JP 5997798B2 JP 2015042548 A JP2015042548 A JP 2015042548A JP 2015042548 A JP2015042548 A JP 2015042548A JP 5997798 B2 JP5997798 B2 JP 5997798B2
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- nitrogen
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- heat exchanger
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 597
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 370
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 299
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims description 138
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 49
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title description 51
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 118
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 118
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 98
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 50
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 172
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 93
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 86
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 49
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 32
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 20
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- DEXFNLNNUZKHNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-[3-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperidin-1-yl]-3-oxopropyl]-3H-1,3-benzoxazol-2-one Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C1CCN(CC1)C(CCC1=CC2=C(NC(O2)=O)C=C1)=O DEXFNLNNUZKHNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 5
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 etc. Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005094 computer simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JVFDADFMKQKAHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C.[N] Chemical compound C.[N] JVFDADFMKQKAHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005380 natural gas recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002040 relaxant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010977 unit operation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
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- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
- F25J2215/62—Ethane or ethylene
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
- F25J2220/62—Separating low boiling components, e.g. He, H2, N2, Air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/60—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being hydrocarbons or a mixture of hydrocarbons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/02—Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/42—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being nitrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/02—Internal refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/12—External refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/60—Closed external refrigeration cycle with single component refrigerant [SCR], e.g. C1-, C2- or C3-hydrocarbons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/88—Quasi-closed internal refrigeration or heat pump cycle, if not otherwise provided
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Description
ガス供給原料流からの天然ガス液の回収は種々の方法、例えば、ガスの冷却及び冷凍、油吸収、冷凍油吸収を使用して、又は多蒸留塔の使用により行なわれていた。更に最近、ジュール-トンプソン弁又はターボエキスパンダーを利用する低温膨張方法が天然ガスからのNGLの回収に好ましい方法になっていた。
典型的な低温膨張回収方法において、加圧下の供給原料ガス流がその方法のその他の流れ及び/又は外部冷凍源、例えば、プロパン圧縮-冷凍システムとの熱交換により冷却される。ガスが冷却されるにつれて、液体が一つ以上のセパレーター中で所望の成分を含む高圧液体として凝縮され、回収し得る。
高圧液体は低圧に膨張され、分別されてもよい。液体と蒸気の混合物を含む、膨張流が蒸留カラム中で分別される。蒸留カラム中で、揮発性ガス及び軽質炭化水素が塔頂蒸気として除去され、重質炭化水素成分がボトム中で液体製品として流出する。
供給原料ガスは典型的には完全には凝縮されず、部分凝縮から残っている蒸気が低圧(その圧力で更なる液体がその流れの更なる冷却の結果として凝縮される)へとジュール-トンプソン弁又はターボエキスパンダーにより通されてもよい。膨張流が蒸留カラムに供給原料流として供給される。還流の流れ、典型的には冷却後だが膨張前の部分凝縮供給原料ガスの一部が蒸留カラムに与えられる。種々の方法が還流にその他の源、例えば、加圧下で供給される残留ガスの循環流を使用していた。
上記低温分離から得られる天然ガスの追加の加工がしばしば必要とされる。何とならば、天然ガスの窒素含量がパイプラインセールスについての許容レベルをしばしば上回るからである。典型的には、ほんの4%の窒素又は窒素+その他の不活性ガスが規制及びパイプライン仕様のためにガス中に許される。窒素は空気を窒素及び酸素に分離することと同様に、低温分離でしばしば除去される。幾つかの窒素除去方法は圧力スイング吸着、吸収、膜、及び/又はその他の技術を使用し、この場合、このような方法は典型的には低温天然ガス液回収と直列に置かれる。
別の局面において、本明細書に開示された実施態様はその他の成分の中で、窒素、メタン、エタン、及びプロパンを含むガス流からの天然ガス液の回収方法に関する。その方法は窒素、メタン、エタン、及びプロパン並びにその他のC3+炭化水素を含むガス流を窒素、メタン、エタン、及びプロパンを含む軽質留分と、プロパン及びその他のC3+炭化水素を含む重質留分を含む少なくとも二つの留分に分別し、第一セパレーター中で軽質留分を窒素濃縮留分及び窒素減少留分を含む少なくとも二つの留分に分離し、第二セパレーター中で窒素減少留分をプロパン濃縮留分及びプロパン減少留分に分離し、プロパン濃縮留分の少なくとも一部を還流として分別に供給し、プロパン減少留分の少なくとも一部を第一セパレーターに循環し、そして窒素濃縮留分を窒素除去ユニット中で分離して窒素減少天然ガス流及び窒素濃縮天然ガス流を製造することを含んでもよい。
その他の局面及び利点が下記の記載及び特許請求の範囲から明らかであろう。
或る実施態様において、高btu留分はパイプラインセールスに適した、4モル%以下の窒素、又は4%以下の窒素及びその他の不活性成分を含んでもよい。
次いで軽質留分が、例えば、フラッシュドラム、蒸留カラム、又は吸収剤カラム中のように、窒素濃縮留分及び窒素減少留分を含む、少なくとも二つの留分に分離されてもよい。
上記のように、混合冷媒はNGLガスの高度の回収に必要とされる温度を得るためのプロセス冷却を与え得る。混合冷媒は供給原料ガス中の軽質炭化水素と重質炭化水素の混合物を含んでもよく、或る実施態様では供給原料ガスと較べて一層軽質の炭化水素が濃縮される。
冷却され、部分的に液化された流れ19及び還流セパレーター40からの塔頂流28(調節弁75の後の流れ32)が蒸留カラム塔頂セパレーター60に供給されてもよい。
以下の実施例はモデリング技術に由来する。研究は既に行なわれたが、出願人は適用しうる規則に従って、以下の実施例を過去時制で示していない。
13−供給ライン
14−蒸留カラム塔頂流
16、34−ボトム流
18−製品流
19−冷却され、部分的に液化された流れ
20−蒸留カラム
22−リボイル流
26−還流
28−フローライン
30−リボイラー
32−還流ドラム塔頂流
34−ボトム流
40−還流セパレーター
41−高btu流
42−塔頂流
43−低btu流
47−窒素減少天然ガス留分
48−製品流
49−窒素濃縮天然ガス留分
51−側部抜取留分
52−中間btu流
60−蒸留カラム塔頂セパレーター
75、85−調節弁
80、150、160、170−コンプレッサー
90−クーラー
100−窒素除去システム
155、165−アフタークーラー
158−膜分離装置
Claims (4)
- 供給原料ガスから天然ガス液を回収する為の装置であって、
(a)供給原料ガス流から天然ガス液の分離のために必要な加熱及び冷却を間接的な熱交換により提供するために使用可能な熱交換機;
(b)前記熱交換機において冷却された供給原料ガス流を前記熱交換機から受けて、前記受けた供給原料ガス流を、相当量の軽質炭化水素成分を含む塔頂流と相当量の重質炭化水素成分を含むカラムボトム流に分離するために使用可能な蒸留カラム;
(c)前記熱交換機において冷却された前記蒸留カラム塔頂流を前記熱交換機から受けて、前記受けた蒸留カラム塔頂流を、窒素濃縮塔頂セールスガス流と、前記熱交換機において冷熱を供給するための混合冷媒を含む窒素減少ボトム流に分離するために使用可能な第1のセパレーター;
(d)前記混合冷媒が前記熱交換機において冷熱を供給した後に前記混合冷媒を前記熱交換機から受けて、前記受けた混合冷媒を圧縮するために使用可能なコンプレッサー;
(e)前記熱交換機から前記圧縮混合冷媒を受けて、前記受けた圧縮混合冷媒流を、塔頂流と還流として蒸留カラムに供給されるボトム流に分離するために使用可能な第2のセパレーター;および
(f)前記窒素濃縮塔頂セールスガス流の少なくとも一部から窒素を除去するために使用可能な窒素除去ユニット
を含む前記装置。 - 前記窒素除去ユニットが膜分離ユニットを含む、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記膜分離ユニットが2つの膜分離段階を含む、請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記窒素除去ユニットが前記窒素濃縮塔頂セールスガス流を窒素減少天然ガス留分と窒素濃縮天然ガス留分に分離する、請求項1に記載の装置。
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