JP5997050B2 - 農業における使用のためのpehamデンドリマー - Google Patents
農業における使用のためのpehamデンドリマー Download PDFInfo
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- JP5997050B2 JP5997050B2 JP2012536971A JP2012536971A JP5997050B2 JP 5997050 B2 JP5997050 B2 JP 5997050B2 JP 2012536971 A JP2012536971 A JP 2012536971A JP 2012536971 A JP2012536971 A JP 2012536971A JP 5997050 B2 JP5997050 B2 JP 5997050B2
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- dendrimer
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- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 57
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- MECNWXGGNCJFQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-piperidin-1-ylpropane-1,2-diol Chemical compound OCC(O)CN1CCCCC1 MECNWXGGNCJFQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
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- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 11
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 7
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- LJDNMOCAQVXVKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-[(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)amino]acetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CNCC(=O)OCC LJDNMOCAQVXVKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
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- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- NBZBKCUXIYYUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iminodiacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CNCC(O)=O NBZBKCUXIYYUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 9
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- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 8
- PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium azide Chemical compound [Na+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- IZUPBVBPLAPZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentachlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl IZUPBVBPLAPZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 7
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- NHQDETIJWKXCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloroperbenzoic acid Chemical compound OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 NHQDETIJWKXCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromomethane Chemical compound BrC GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- PBAYDYUZOSNJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chelidonic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC(=O)C=C(C(O)=O)O1 PBAYDYUZOSNJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
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- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- BAZVSMNPJJMILC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triadimenol Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1C(C(O)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 BAZVSMNPJJMILC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKNFWVNSBIXGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CSC1=NC(C(C)(C)C)=NN1C(=O)N(C)C NKNFWVNSBIXGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMFGTOFWMRQMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazophos Chemical compound N1=C(OP(=S)(OCC)OCC)N=CN1C1=CC=CC=C1 AMFGTOFWMRQMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IQGKIPDJXCAMSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazoxide Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2[N+]([O-])=NC=1N1C=CN=C1 IQGKIPDJXCAMSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQZXUHDXIARLEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tribenuron Chemical compound COC1=NC(C)=NC(N(C)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C(O)=O)=N1 BQZXUHDXIARLEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXUAHZSKEQSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tribufos Chemical compound CCCCSP(=O)(SCCCC)SCCCC ZOKXUAHZSKEQSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCLDITPGPXSPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricamba Chemical compound COC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1C(O)=O WCLDITPGPXSPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQJCHOQLCLEDLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC2=C1N1C=NN=C1S2 DQJCHOQLCLEDLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONCZDRURRATYFI-TVJDWZFNSA-N trifloxystrobin Chemical compound CO\N=C(\C(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1CO\N=C(/C)C1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 ONCZDRURRATYFI-TVJDWZFNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSMVPDGQOIQYSR-KGENOOAVSA-N triflumizole Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(/COCCC)=N/C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1C(F)(F)F HSMVPDGQOIQYSR-KGENOOAVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAIPTRIXGHTTNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflumuron Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(F)(F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl XAIPTRIXGHTTNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- AKTQJCBOGPBERP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflusulfuron Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COC1=NC(N(C)C)=NC(NC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2C)C(O)=O)=N1 AKTQJCBOGPBERP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMEVJVISCHQJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflusulfuron-methyl Chemical group COC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C)=C1S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC1=NC(OCC(F)(F)F)=NC(N(C)C)=N1 IMEVJVISCHQJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQDJYEQOELDLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilane Chemical compound C[SiH](C)C PQDJYEQOELDLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFFWZNDCNBOKDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N trinexapac Chemical compound O=C1CC(C(=O)O)CC(=O)C1=C(O)C1CC1 DFFWZNDCNBOKDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KVEQCVKVIFQSGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritosulfuron Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=NC(OC)=NC(NC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C(F)(F)F)=N1 KVEQCVKVIFQSGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021081 unsaturated fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940070710 valerate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- WCJYTPVNMWIZCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N xylylcarb Chemical compound CNC(=O)OC1=CC=C(C)C(C)=C1 WCJYTPVNMWIZCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940023877 zeatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005943 zeta-Cypermethrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940048462 zinc phosphide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L ziram Chemical compound [Zn+2].CN(C)C([S-])=S.CN(C)C([S-])=S DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FJBGIXKIXPUXBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N {2-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)propyl]-2,4,4-trimethyl-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl}(imidazol-1-yl)methanone Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(=O)N1C(C)(C)COC1(C)CCCC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 FJBGIXKIXPUXBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing ingredients stabilising the active ingredients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/24—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing ingredients to enhance the sticking of the active ingredients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
- C08L101/005—Dendritic macromolecules
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Description
本発明は、同時係属の、2005年4月20日に出願された米国特許出願第10/594,776号及び2005年12月21日に出願された米国特許出願第11/630,044号に関連する。上記のこれら特許出願は、それらの全体が参照することにより本明細書に組み込まれる。
技術分野
本発明は、広く、農業応用におけるPEHAMデンドリマーの使用に関するが、より特別には、特定のPEHAMデンドリマーによる植物及び種子の保護及び処理のための使用に関する。
デンドリマーは、高度に枝分かれした、しばしば球体の分子であって、その中で分枝は中心コア分子から放射状に広がった荷電アミノ基で終止することができる。アミン終止したデンドリマーは、PAMAMデンドリマーのように、表面上の陽性荷電したアミン基の密度が高い。制御された化学合成により、デンドリマーは非常に正確なサイズ及び定義された形状を有する。
本発明は、先に知られたPEHAM樹枝状ポリマーの選択肢を提供する。本発明のこれらのPEHAM樹枝状ポリマーは、少なくとも1つの農業的活性要素と結合した、以下の式により表されるPEHAMデンドリマー:
(C)は、PETGE、PETriGE又はTMPTGEから成るコアを意味し;
(FF)は、Et、OH、SH、NH2、CO2H、カルボン酸エステル、直鎖又は分岐鎖C1-C18アルキル、アリール、アリールヘテロ環部分、C1-C3アルコキシ、トリアゾール、C1-C18アルキルエステル、ポリエチレングリコール及びポリフッ化部分からなる群から選ばれるコアの焦点官能性成分(focal point functionality component)を意味し;
xは、独立して0又は1であり;
(BR)は、分岐セル(branch cell)を意味し、これは、pが1超である場合、(BR)は、DBA、DEA、DEIDA、DETA、DIA、IDA、TREN、TRIS、メチルアクリレート及びPETriGEからなる群から選ばれる、同じ又は異なる部分であることができ;
pは、デンドリマー中の分岐セル(BR)の総数であり、以下の式:
Gは、コアを取り囲む、同心の分岐セルの外殻の数(世代)であり、1、2又は3であり;
iは、最後の世代Gであり;
Nbは、分岐セルの多重度であり;そして
Ncは、コアの多重度(multiplicity)であり、かつ、1〜4の整数であるが、
ただし、xが1であるとき、Nc−xは、1〜3の整数でなければならない。)
により導かれる整数であり;
qは、独立して、0又は1〜64の整数であり;
(EX)は、エクステンダー(extender)を意味し、mが1超であるとき、(EX)は、リジンなどのアミノ酸、ポリリジンなどのポリ(アミノ酸)、オリゴエチレングリコール、ジエチレンテトラアミン及びより高級なアミンの類似体、5員イミダゾリジル誘導体として保護されるオリゴアルキレンアミン、2以上の異種又は同種の官能基を有する脂肪酸、不飽和脂肪族及び芳香族の二官能性又は多官能性部分、EA、モルホリン、ジカルボン酸、EPC、IMAE、アリールジメルカプタン、ジメルカプトアルカン、トリアゾール、DMI、ジアジド、ジアセチレン、ピロリドン、ピロリドンエステル、アミノアルキルイミダゾリン、イミダゾリジン、ポリ(アルキレンイミダゾリジン)、メルカプトアルキルアミン、ヒドロキシアルキルアミン又は不飽和脂肪族及び芳香族のヘテロ二官能性又は多官能性部分からなる群から選ばれる、同じ又は異なる部分であることができ;
mは、独立して、0又は1〜64の整数であり;
qとmが両方とも1超であるとき、(BR)及び(EX)は、他方の部分と交互に存在するか、又は連続した複数の(BR)又は(EX)基が相次いで存在することができ;
(TF)は、末端官能基を意味し、もし、zが1超であれば、(TF)は、アミノ、メチルアミノ、エチルアミノ、ヒドロキシエチルアミノ、ベンジルアミノ、メルカプトエチルアミノ、ジメチルアミノ、ジエチルアミノ、ビス(ヒドロキシメチル)アミノ、N-アルキル化アミノ誘導体、N-アリール化アミノ誘導体、N-アシル化アミノ誘導体、CO2-N(C1-C6アルキル)、ヒドロキシル、メルカプト、カルボキシル、カルボン酸塩、カルボキシC1-C18アルキル、直鎖又は分岐鎖C2-C18アルケニル、メタルキル(methalkyl)、アミド、ハロ、ウレア、オキシラニル、アジリジニル、オキサゾリニル、イミダゾリニル、ピロリドン、ベンジル、フェニル、スルホナート(sulfonato)、ホスホネート(phosphonate)、イソシアネート、イソチオシアナート(isothiocyanato)、ピペラジニル、エチルピペラジニル、アクリレート、メタクリレート、アクリルアミド、アジド、エポキシド、エチルイミン、直鎖又は分岐鎖C1-C18アルキル、C1-C3アルコキシ、C1-C18アルキルエステル、チオラン、モルホリニル、保護されたDETA、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリフッ化部分及びデンドロンからなる群から選ばれる同じ又は異なる部分であることができる。
zは、1から、所与の世代Gについて(C)及び(BR)に関して可能な理論的数値までの、表面基の数を意味し、以下の式:
G、Nb及びNcは上記で定義されたとおりである。)
により導かれ、
ただし、(EX)又は(IF)の少なくとも1つが存在する。}
を少なくとも1つ含み、そして、少なくとも1つの農業的に許容可能な希釈剤又はキャリアが存在し、ここで、農業的活性要素の有効性又は活性の持続時間が増加される。
用語集
本願中で使用される以下の用語は、以下に述べるように定義され、そしてこれらの用語については単数形は複数形を含む。
amuは、原子質量単位を意味し、
BR又は(BR)は、分岐セルを意味し、
C又は(C)は、デンドリマー又はデンドロンのコアを意味し、
m-CPBAは、メタ−クロロ過安息香酸を意味し、
DCMは、ジクロロメタンを意味し、
DEAは、ジエタノールアミンを意味し、
DEIDAは、イミノ二酢酸ジエチルを意味し、
DETAは、ジエチレントリアミンを意味し、
DBAは、ジベンジルアミンを意味し、
DIは、脱イオン水を意味し、
DMIは、イタコン酸ジメチルを意味し、
DMSOは、ジメチルスルホキシドを意味し、
EAは、エタノールアミンを意味し、
EDAは、エチレンジアミンを意味し、
EPCは、エチル−N-ピペラジンカルボキシレートを意味し、
Etは、エチルを意味し、
EtOHは、エタノールを意味し、
EX又は(EX)は、エクステンダーを意味し、
FF又は(FF)は、コアの焦点官能性成分を意味し、
Gは、デンドリマーの世代を意味し、これは、(通常、コアから順に数えられる)コアを取り囲む同心の分岐セルの外殻の数により示され、
gは、グラムを意味し、
hは、時間を意味し、
HPLCは、高速液体クロマトグラフィーを意味し、
IDADSは、イミノ二酢酸二ナトリウム塩を意味し、
IDAは、イミノ二酢酸を意味し、
IF又は(IF)は、内部官能基を意味し、
IR(又はFTIR)は、赤外発光分光法を意味し、
Lは、リッターを意味し、
MeOHは、メタノールを意味し、
mgは、ミリグラムを意味し、
minは、分を意味し、
mLは、ミリリッターを意味し、
MWAは、マイクロ波を利用していることを意味し、
N-SISは、ナノスケールの立体的誘起化学量論(sterically induced stoichiometrhy)を意味し、
PAMAMは、一級アミン末端基を有する、直鎖及び分岐鎖ポリマー又はデンドリマーを含む、ポリ(アミドアミン)を意味し、
PEHAMは、ポリ(エーテルヒドロキシルアミン)デンドリマーを意味し、
PEIは、ポリ(エチレンイミン)を意味し、
PETAEは、ペンタエリスリトールテトラアリルエーテルを意味し、
PETGEは、ペンタエリスリトールテトラグリシジルエーテルを意味し、
パーセント又は%は、重量/体積(w/v)などと特記されない限り、重量によることを意味し、
POPAMは、PAMAMデンドロンにより取り囲まれたPPIコアを意味し、
PPIは、ポリ(プロピレンイミン)を意味し、
RTは、周囲温度又は室温、約20〜25℃を意味し、
SECは、サイズ排除クロマトグラフィーを意味し、
SISは、立体誘起化学量論を意味し、
TFは、末端官能基を意味し、
TLCは、薄層クロマトグラフィーを意味し、
TMPTGEは、トリメチロールプロパントリグリシジルエーテルを意味し、
TRENは、トリス(2−アミノエチル)アミンを意味し、
TRISは、トリス(ヒドロキシメチル)アミノメタンを意味し、
UFは、限外ろ過分離を意味し、
UV-visは、紫外及び可視分光法を意味する。
PEHAM樹枝状ポリマーの構造は、デンドリマー、デンドロン、デンドリグラフト(dendrigraft)、テクト(デンドリティック)ポリマー又は他の樹枝状構造体であることができる。Dendrimers and other Dendritic Polymers, J.M.J. Frechet, D.A. Tomalia編、John Wiley and Sons出版、(2001)及びそのような他の情報源中に記載されたような、かかる樹枝状ポリマーの多数の例が文献中にある。
本発明のPEHAM樹枝状ポリマーは、以下の一般式:
(C)は、PETGE、PETriGE又はTMPTGEから成るコアを意味し;
(FF)は、Et、OH、SH、NH2、CO2H、カルボン酸エステル、直鎖又は分岐鎖C1-C18アルキル、アリール、アリールへテロ環部分、C1-C3アルコキシ、トリアゾール、C1-C18アルキルエステル、ポリエチレングリコール及びポリフッ化部分からなる群から選ばれるコアの焦点官能性成分を意味し;
xは、独立して、0又は1であり;
(BR)は、分岐セルを意味し、これは、pが1超である場合、(BR)は、DBA、DEA、DEIDA、DETA、DIA、IDA、TREN、TRIS、メチルアクリレート及びPETriGEからなる群から選ばれる、同じ又は異なる部分であることができ;
pは、デンドリマー中の分岐セル(BR)の総数であり、以下の式:
Gは、コアを取り囲む、同心の分岐セルの外殻の数(世代)であり、1、2又は3であり;
iは、最後の世代Gであり;
Nbは、分岐セルの多重度であり;
Ncは、コアの多重度であり、かつ、1〜4の整数であり;
ただし、xが1であるとき、Nc−xは、1〜3の整数でなければならない。)
により導かれる整数であり;
(IF)は、OHである、内部官能基を意味し;
qは、独立して、0又は1〜64の整数であり;
(EX)は、エクステンダーを意味し、これは、mが1超であるとき、(EX)は、リジンなどのアミノ酸、ポリリジンなどのポリ(アミノ酸)、オリゴエチレングリコール、ジエチレンテトラアミン及びより高級なアミンの類似体、5員イミダゾリジル誘導体として保護されるオリゴアルキレンアミン、2以上の異種又は同種の官能基を有する脂肪酸、不飽和脂肪族及び芳香族の二官能性又は多官能性部分、EA、モルホリン、ジカルボン酸、EPC、IMAE、アリールジメルカプタン、ジメルカプトアルカン、トリアゾール、DMI、ジアジド、ジアセチレン、ピロリドン、ピロリドンエステル、アミノアルキルイミダゾリン、イミダゾリジン、ポリ(アルキレンイミダゾリジン)、メルカプトアルキルアミン、ヒドロキシアルキルアミン又は不飽和脂肪族及び芳香族へテロ二官能性又は多官能性部分からなる群から選ばれる、同じ又は異なる部分であることができ;
mは、独立して0又は1〜64の整数であり;
q及びmの両方が1超である場合、(BR)及び(EX)は、他方の部分と交互に存在するか、又は連続した複数の(BR)又は(EX)基が相次いで存在することができ;
(TF)は、末端官能基を意味し、これは、zが1超であるとき、(TF)は、アミノ、メチルアミノ、エチルアミノ、ヒドロキシエチルアミノ、ベンジルアミノ、メルカプトエチルアミノ、ジメチルアミノ、ジエチルアミノ、ビス(ヒドロキシメチル)アミノ、N-アルキル化アミノ誘導体、N-アリール化アミノ誘導体、N-アシル化アミノ誘導体、CO2-N(C1-C6アルキル)、ヒドロキシル、メルカプト、カルボキシル、カルボン酸塩、カルボキシC1-C18アルキル、直鎖又は分岐鎖C2-C18アルケニル、メタルキル、アミド、ハロ、ウレア、オキシラニル、アジリジニル、オキサゾリニル、イミダゾリニル、ピロリドン、ベンジル、フェニル、スルホナート、ホスホネート、イソシアネート、イソチオシアナート、ピペラジニル、エチルピペラジニル、アクリレート、メタクリレート、アクリルアミド、アジド、エポキシド、エチルイミン、直鎖又は分岐鎖C1-C18アルキル、C1-C3アルコキシ、C1-C18アルキルエステル、チオラン、モルホリニル、保護されたDETA、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリフッ化部分及びデンドロンからなる群から選ばれる、同じ又は異なる部分であることができ;
zは、1から、所与の世代Gについて(C)及び(BR)に関して可能な理論的数値までの、表面基の数を意味し、以下の式:
G、Nb及びNcは、上記の定義のとおりである。)
により導かれ、
ただし、(EX)又は(IF)の少なくとも1つが存在する。}
を有し、少なくとも1つの農業的活性要素と結合しており、そして、少なくとも1つの農業的に許容可能な希釈剤又はキャリアが存在し;そしてここで、農業的活性要素の有効性又は活性の持続時間が増加される。
A. 以下の式:
(C)は、TMPTAのようなアクリレート官能基を有するコアであり;
(EX)は、PIPZのようなアミン官能基を有するエクステンダーであり;そして
(TF)は、アミンである。}
により示されるように、アクリレート官能基を有するコアとアミン官能基を有するエクステンダーを反応させ;そして、
B. (C)(EX)(TFI)のアミン官能基を有する伸長されたコア試薬と、アクリレート官能基を有する分岐セル試薬(branch cell reagent)(BR)を、以下の式:
(C)は、TMPTAであり;
(EX)は、PIPZであり;
(TF1)は、アミンであり;
(BR)は、TMPTAであり;かつ
(TF2)は、アクリレートである。}
に示すように反応させる、
を含む、アクリレート−アミン反応系によって調製可能であり、ここで、ステップA及びBの両方に関して、
完全な被覆が望ましい場合に過剰の(EX)が使用されるときの、コアへのエクステンダー(EX)基の付加では、(EX)/(C)のモル比は、単純なコア、足場コア、スーパーコア、又は現在の世代構造(すなわち、Nc)上の反応性官能基のモル数に対するエクステンダー分子(EX)のモル数として定義され、
完全な被覆が望ましい場合に過剰の(BR)が使用されるときの、単純なコア、足場コア、スーパーコア、又は現在の世代構造への分岐セル(BR)の付加では、(BR)/(C)は、単純なコア、足場コア、スーパーコア、又は現在の世代構造(すなわち、Nc)上の反応性官能基のモル数に対する分岐セル分子(BR)のモル数として定義され、そして、
コア、足場コア、スーパーコア又は現在の世代の生成物への分岐セル(BR)又はエクステンダー(EX)の付加のレベルは、付加されるモル比又はN-SISにより制御可能である。
A. 以下の式:
(C)は、PETGEなどのエポキシ官能基を有するコアであり;
(IF1)は、内部ヒドロキシル(OH)であり;
(EX)は、ピペラジン(PIPZ)であり;
(TF1)は、アミンである。}
により示されるように、エポキシ官能基を有するコアとアミン官能基を有するエクステンダーを反応させ;そして、
B. 以下の式:
(C)は、PETGEであり;
(IF1)は、OHなどの、請求項1において定義された内部官能基部分であり;
(EX)は、PIPZなどの、請求項1において定義されたエクステンダー部分であり;
(TF1)は、アミンであり;
(BR)は、PETGEなどのエポキシ官能基を有する分岐セル試薬であり;そして、
(IF2)は、OHなどの、請求項1において定義された内部官能基部分であり;
(TF2)は、アミンである。}
により示されるように、アミン官能基を有する伸長されたコア試薬(C)(IF1)(EX)(TF1)を、エポキシ官能基を有する分岐セル試薬と反応させる、
を含む開環反応系により可能であり、ここで、ステップA及びBの両方に関して、
完全な被覆が望ましい場合に過剰の(EX)が使用されるときの、コアへのエクステンダー(EX)基の付加では、(EX)/(C)のモル比は、単純なコア、足場コア、スーパーコア、又は現在の世代構造(すなわち、Nc)上の反応性官能基のモル数に対するエクステンダー分子(EX)のモル数として定義され、
完全な被覆が望ましい場合に過剰の(BR)が使用されるときの、単純なコア、足場コア、スーパーコア、又は現在の世代構造への分岐セル(BR)基の付加では、(BR)/(C)は、単純なコア、足場コア、スーパーコア、又は現在の世代構造(すなわち、Nc)上の反応性官能基のモル数に対する分岐セル分子(BR)のモル数として定義され、
コア、足場コア、スーパーコア又は現在の世代の生成物への分岐セル(BR)又はエクステンダー(EX)の付加のレベルは、付加されるモル比又はN-SISにより制御可能である。
ル、ピラフルフェン、ピラスルホトール、ピラゾリネート、ピラザスルフロン、ピラゾスルフロン、ピラゾキシフェン、ピラゾリネート、ピラゾスルフロン−エチル、ピラゾキシフェン、ピリベンゾキシム、ピリブチカルブ、ピリクロール、ピリダホル、ピリデート、ピリフタリド、ピリミノバック、ピリミノバック−メチル、ピリミスルファン、ピリチオバック、ピリチオバック−ナトリウム、ピロキサスルホン、ピロキサスルホン、ピロキシスラム、ピロキシスラム、ピロキシスラム、キンクロラック、キンメラック、キノクラミン、キノホラミン、キノナミド、キザロホップ、キザロホップ−エチル、キザロホップ−P、キザロホップ−P−エチル、キザロホップ−P−テフリル、リムスルフロン、ロデタニル(rhodethanil)、サフルフェナシル、サフルフェナシル、セブチラジン(sebuthylazine)、セクブメトン、セトキシジム、シデュロン、シマジン、シメトン、シメトリン、SMA、S-メトラクロール、亜ヒ酸ナトリウム、アジ化ナトリウム、コール酸ナトリウム、クロロ酢酸ナトリウム、ナトリウムペンタクロロフェノキシド、ジメチルアルシン酸ナトリウム、スルコトリオン、スルファレート、スルフェントラゾン、スルホメツロン、スルホメツロン−メチル、スルホスルフロン、硫酸、スルグリカピン(sulgylcapin)、スウェップ(swep)、タール(tars)、TCAナトリウム、テブタム、テブチウロン、テプラロキシジム、テブラロキシジム(BAS 620H)、テルバシル、テルブカルブ、テルブクロール、テルブメトン、テルブチラジン、テルブトリン、テトラフルロン、テニルクロール、チアザフルロン、チアゾピル、チジアジミン、チジアズロン、チジアズロン、チエンカルバゾン、チフェンスルフロン、チフェンスルフロン−メチル、チオベンカルブ、チオカルバジル、チオクロリム、トプラメゾン、トプラメゾン、トラルコキシジム、トリアレート、トリアスルフロン、トリアジフラム、トリベヌロン、トリベヌロン−メチル、トリベヌロン−メチル、トリカンバ、トリクロロ酢酸、トリクロピル、トリクロピル−ブトチル、トリクロピル−トリエチルアンモニウム、トリジファン、トリエタジン、トリフロキシスルフロン、トリフルラリン、トリフルスルフロン、トリフルスルフロン−メチル、トリホップ、トリホプシム(trifopsime)、トリヒドロキシトリアジン、トリメツロン、トリプロピンダン、トリタック(tritac)、トリトスルフロン、2,4,5−T、2,4,5−TB、2,3,6−TBA、TCA,テブタム、テブチウロン、テフリルトリオン、テンボトリオン、ベルノレート(vernolate)、YRC2388、及びキシラクロールである。
サイズ排除クロマトグラフィー(SEC)
Sephadex(商標)(Pharmacia)により精製されたデンドリマーのメタノール溶液を蒸発させ、そしてSEC実験において使用する移動相で再構成した(濃度1mg/mL)。すべてのサンプルを新たに調製し、SECのためにただちに使用した。
屈折率及び紫外光検出器を備えたPerkin Elmer(商標)Series200装置及びWaters Symmetry(登録商標)C18(5μm)カラム(直径4.6mm、長さ150mm)を用いて、高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)を実施した。典型的な分離プロトコールは、溶離液としての0.1%水性酢酸及びアセトニトリル(75:25%v/v)、そして、検出器としてのλ=480nmのUV光から成った。
化学反応の進行をモニターするために、薄層クロマトグラフィーを用いた。1滴の材料、一般に、有機溶媒中の0.05M〜0.4M溶液、をシリカゲルプレートに添加し、溶媒チャンバー中に設置し、そして、一般に10〜15分間展開させた。溶媒が溶出したら、通常、TLCプレートを乾燥させ、そして(以下に記載のとおりに)染色する。シリカゲルが極性のポリマー支持体であるため、より極性の低い分子はプレートのより上部へ移動する。TLCプレート上を材料がどれだけ遠くへ移動したかを同定するために、「Rf」値を使用する。溶媒条件の変更は、その後、Rf値を変化させるだろう。このRfは、生成物が移動した距離の溶媒の移動した距離に対する比率によって測定する。
Bruker Autoflex(商標)LRF MALDI-TOFマススペクトロメーターを用いて、パルスイオン抽出(Pulsed Ion Extraction)により、マススペクトルを得た。20kDa未満の質量範囲を、19kVのサンプル電圧及び20kVの反射電圧を用いて、リフレクターモードで取得した。ポリエチレンオキシドを較正のために使用した。より高い質量範囲を、20kVサンプル電圧を用いてリニアモードで取得した。より高い質量範囲は、ウシ血清アルブミンで較正した。
典型的な限外ろ過分離プロトコールは以下のとおりである。生成物及び望ましくない化合物の混合物を、この混合物のための溶媒(例えば、125mLのMeOH)の好適量に溶解し、そして、3Kカットオフの再生セルロース膜を含む、接線流のUF装置において、25℃、20psi(137.9kPa)の圧力で限外ろ過した。フラスコ中で示された濃縮液体積は、1500mLの浸透液のUF採集の間(約5時間)、100〜125mLに維持された。透過液の最初の1リッターは、ロータリーエバポレーターにおいて揮発物質を揮散させ、次に、高真空排気により精製された生成物を得た。固有の分離の問題により、膜のカットオフサイズ(例えば、3K、2K又は1K)並びに透過液及び濃縮液の体積は変化した。
生成物を最小量の溶媒(水、PBS、又はMeOH)中に溶解し、そして、溶媒中のSephadex(商標)LH-20(Pharmacia)を通して精製する。カラムの空隙容量を溶出後、それぞれの分離に応じて約2〜20mLアリコートで画分を集める。上記した好適な溶媒を用いるTLCを用いて、類似した生成物の混合物を含む画分を特定する。類似の画分を併合し、そして、溶媒を蒸発させて固体生成物を得た。
サンプル調製:
800〜900μLの重水素化された溶媒を50〜100mgの乾燥サンプルに加えて溶解させた。典型的な標準試料、すなわち、トリメチルシラン、を使用する。典型的な溶媒は、CDCl3、CD3OD、D2O、DMSO-d6及びアセトン-d6である。溶解したサンプルをNMRチューブの約5.5cmの高さまで移した。
Nicolet Fourier(商標)Transform Infrared Spectrometer、Model G Series Omnic, System 20 DXBにおいて、赤外スペクトルデータを得た。臭化カリウム塩プレート(Aldrich)を用いてそのままのサンプルを流した。
Perkin Elmer(商標)Lambda 2 UV/VIS Spectrophotometerにおいて、各サンプルによる吸収の高い光波長、例えば、480又は320nm、を用いて、UV-VISスペクトルデータを得た。
[(C)=PETGE;(IF1)=OH;(BR1)=TREN;(TF)=一級NH2;G=1]
スターラーバーを入れた、50mLの丸底フラスコに、TREN2(16.0g、109ミリモル、エポキシドあたり10当量)及び4mLのMeOHを加え、約25℃に冷却した。この攪拌した混合物に、2mLのMeOH中のPETGE1(1.0g、2.78ミリモル、11.1ミリモルエポキシド)の溶液を滴下して加えた。この混合物をN2雰囲気下で、25℃で、24時間攪拌した。揮発性物質をロータリーエバポレーションによって蒸留して粗残渣を得て、これを、200〜230℃、高真空においてKugelrohr装置を用いてバルブツーバルブ蒸留して2.4gの残渣を得た。この物質のMALDI-TOFマススペクトルは、967amu[M+Na]+の質量における所望の4:1付加物に関する明瞭なスペクトル及び799amu[M+Na]+における3:1付加物に関するより小さなシグナルを示した。TLC(MeOH中、50%NH4OH)は、TRENが存在しないことを示した。13CNMRスペクトルは、混じりけのない生成物3(2.4g、収率92%)についての予想されたピークを示した。このスペクトルは以下のとおりである:
[(C)=TMPTGE;(FF)=Et;(IF1)=OH;(BR1)=DEA;(TF)=OH;G=1]
どちらもさらなる精製を行わないDEA5(7.82g、74.47ミリモル)(Aldrich)及び120mLの無水MeOH(Aldrich)を、オーブン乾燥した、250mLの単首丸底フラスコ中に入れた。フラスコはスターラーバーと隔壁を備えていた。TMPTGE4(5g、16.55ミリモル)を40mLの無水MeOH中に溶解し、そして、室温で1時間にわたって等圧滴下漏斗を通して上記の攪拌している溶液中に滴下した。漏斗を還流凝縮器に交換し、そして、N2雰囲気下、60℃で60時間加熱した。減圧下でロータリーエバポレーターによって溶媒を除去して、無色透明の液体を得た。反応混合物全体を100mLの単首丸底フラスコに移した。減圧下、180〜190℃において、Kugelrohr蒸留によって過剰のDEA5を分離した。透明の粘ちょうな液体として生成物6(9.76g、収率95.53%)を回収した。そのスペクトルは以下のとおりである:
[(C)=PETGE;(IF1)=OH;(BR1)=DEIDA;(TF)=エチルエステル;G=1.5]
35mLのEtOH(Aldrich)中のDEIDA、7(5.67g、30ミリモル)(Aldrich)溶液に、20mLのEtOH(Aldrich)中のPETGE,1(1.8g、5ミリモル、20エポキシミリモル)溶液を、添加漏斗を通して30分間にわたって滴下した。フラスコに還流凝縮器、N2ガスの入口を取り付け、60℃に予熱した油浴に入れた。1日間加熱した後、MALDI-TOF MS分析は、完全な構造及び3置換された生成物についての質量の計算値を示した。加熱を36時間継続し、そして、ロータリーエバポレーターで溶媒を除去し、薄茶色の液体を得た。175℃のKugelrohr蒸留装置によって過剰のDEIDAを蒸留により除き、粘ちょうな液体を得たが、これは、所望の生成物8(4.99g、89.4%)であると判明した。そのスペクトルは以下のとおりである:
A.ペンタエリスリトール及びエピクロロヒドリン(EPI)からのペンタエリスリトールテトラグリシジルエーテルの合成
[(C)=PETGE;(TF)=エポキシ]
この方法は、Mitsuo et al., Synthesis, 487 (1993)にしたがって実施した。ペンタエリスリトール9(13.6g、400ミリモル)及び100mLのDMSOを、1Lの三つ首丸底フラスコ中に入れ、そして、KOH(52.7g、800ミリモル、OHあたり2当量)をすべて一度に加えた。機械攪拌器(mechanical stirrer)で反応混合物を激しく攪拌し、15〜20℃に氷浴で冷却した。等圧滴下漏斗中のEPI10(110.4g又は93.55mL、1.2モル、OHあたり3当量)を150分にわたって、滴下して加えた。EPI10の添加中、温度を15〜20℃に維持した。反応混合物の色は、無色から薄黄色に変化した。添加完了後、反応混合物を室温まで温まるまで放置し、攪拌を一夜継続した。反応の進行をTLCによってモニターした。3時間後、TLCは、PETGE1及びペンタエリスリトールトリグリシジルエーテル11のスポットを示した。反応を継続することによって、トリグリシジルエーテル11は生成物1に変換されると予測したが、いくらかの1の二量体化を観察し、これは生成物12を生じた。
[(C)=PETGE;(IF1)=OH;(BR1)=DIA;(TF)=一級NH2;G=1]
DETA13(6.56g、63.6ミリモル)(Acros)及び125mLの4−メチル−2−ペンタノン14(Aldrich)を、Dean-Starkトラップを取り付けた250mLの丸底フラスコ中にいれ、そして、アルゴン雰囲気中で140℃に加熱した。理論量の水(2.2mL)を共沸により除いた(azeiotroped out)後、反応物を室温まで冷却した。混合物の重量は、63.6ミリモルの二級アミン15を含んで、77.37gであった。混合物(12.16g)を50mLの丸底フラスコに移した。溶媒をロータリーエバポレーションにより除くと、オイルが得られた。このオイルに、5.5mLの無水MeOH中の(実施例4Aにより作製した)PETGE1(360mg、1.0ミリモル)の溶液を加えた。反応物を23時間、75℃に加熱した。溶媒を除くと、16が得られ、25mLの2−プロパノール及び3.0mLの水を残渣に加えた。混合物を50℃で2時間加熱した。ロータリーエバポレーターを用いて溶媒を除去した。Kugelrohr蒸留(150℃)によって過剰のDETA13を除くと、生成物17がわずかに黄色の粘着性のオイルとして得られ、以下のスペクトルを有した。
(実施例4Bにより作製した)オクタアミン17のMeOH溶液を、MeOH中のメチルアクリレート18(Acros)溶液に、0℃で滴下して加えた(NHあたり1.5当量)。添加後、反応物を室温まで放置してあたためた。その後、混合物を40℃で24時間加熱した。溶媒を除去すると、生成物19を、以下のスペクトルを有する黄色のオイルとして得た。
[(C)=TMPTGE;(FF)=Et;(IF1)=OH;(BR1)=TRIS;(TF)=OH;G=1]
TMPTGE4(2.66g、8.8ミリモル)及び50mLのMeOHを、オーブン乾燥した100mLの丸底フラスコに入れた。フラスコにスターラーバーとストッパーを取り付けた。TRIS20(4.79g、39.6ミリモル)(Fisher Scientific)を、上記の攪拌している反応混合物に、室温で一度に加えた。フラスコに、還流凝縮器を取り付け、そしてN2雰囲気下で60℃で60時間加熱した。約15分の加熱の後、TRIS20は完全に溶解する。反応混合物を室温まで冷却し、そして、500mLのエルレンマイヤーフラスコに移した。そして、最初に120mLのクロロホルムを加え、続いて、スパチュラを用いて常に攪拌しながら、300mLのヘキサンをゆっくりと加えた。ヘキサン添加の間に、白色沈殿の形成を観察した。混合物をもう一度完全に混合し、そして室温で一夜静置した。フラスコの壁及び底における固体薄片として沈殿を観察した。溶液を穏やかに混合して、ガラスから固形物を分離し、続いて、ブフナー漏斗を通して混合物をろ過することによって、所望の生成物21(1.7g)を得た。固体を除いた後でも、フラスコの底には無色のペーストが残った。このペーストは、5.2gの重さであった(1H及び13C NMRは、痕跡量のTRIS20とともにデンドリマー21のシグナルを示した)。該ペーストを5mLのMeOHに溶解し、そして、MeOH(2×2mL)でフラスコをすすいだ。メタノール溶液をSephadex(商標)LH-20カラムに加えた。600mLのMeOHを溶出した後、画分を15mLのアリコートで集めた。所望のデンドリマー21を画分18〜47に見出した一方、TRIS20を画分48〜58に見出した。画分18〜47を併合し、そして、減圧下、ロータリーエバポレーターで溶媒を蒸発させて、吸湿性の固体(4.2g;71.82%)、(G=1)PEHAMデンドリマー21を得た。48〜58からの溶媒の蒸発により、TRIS20(0.592g)を無色の固体として得た。そのスペクトルは、以下のとおりである。
[(C)=PETGE;(IF1)=OH;(BR1)=TRIS;(TF)=OH;G=1]
250mLの丸底フラスコ中で、PETGE1(3.16g、8.78ミリモル)を、機械攪拌しつつ、70mLのMeOHに溶解した。溶液を60℃の油浴中に置き、TRIS20(6.41g、52.8ミリモル、1.50当量/エポキシド)(Fisher Scientific)を、粉末漏斗を介して加えた。その後、フラスコに還流凝縮器を取り付け、そして48時間、反応させた。反応は、TLC(3:1 CH2Cl2:MeOH)でモニターし、そして上記時間の後、PETGE1(Rf=0.80)は観察されなかった。混合物を120mLのクロロホルムで希釈し、その後、300mLのヘキサンを攪拌しながらゆっくりと加えた。白色沈殿が形成し、そして混合物を16時間静置した。溶液をブフナー漏斗を通してろ過して、清澄な白色ペーストをフラスコの底に得た。ペーストを真空下で乾燥させて、6.98gの粗生成物22を得た。生成物を、40mLのMeOH及び60mLのクロロホルムに再溶解し、そして残ったTRIS20を結晶化によって300mLのヘキサンから分離した。混合物をろ過し、そして残った半固体を高真空下で24時間乾燥させて、5.35gの生成物22(収率72.0%、理論的質量7.43g)を得た。更なる精製のために、材料を36”×4”(91cm×10cm)のLH-20 Sepahdex(商標)カラムに負荷した。575mLの空隙容量を集めた後、それぞれ12mLのMeOHの48画分を集め、そして、TLC(7:3 MeOH:NH4OH)によって分析した。2.29g(収率31%)の精製された生成物22を回収した。そのスペクトルは以下のとおりである。
A.ペンタエリスリトールトリアリルエーテル(PETriAE)とm-クロロ過安息香酸(m-CPBA)の反応
[(C)=PETriGE;(FF)=OH;(TF)=エポキシド]
100mLの丸底フラスコに、PETriAE23(2.56g、10.0ミリモル、30オレフィンミリモル)(Aldrich)及び50mLのクロロホルム(Fisher Scientific)を入れた。機械攪拌しながら、この溶液にm-CPBA24(8.84g、36.0ミリモル)(Acros Organics)を小分けにして室温で加えた。この混合物を3日間攪拌し、その後、最初に3%のメタ重亜硫酸ナトリウム(Na2S2O5)水溶液(3×100mL)(Aldrich)で、続いて、3%の炭酸水素ナトリウム(NaHCO3)水溶液(3×100mL)で洗浄した。有機層を硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥し、ロータリーエバポレーションにより濃縮すると、薄い黄色の液体25(2.58g、収率84.8%)を得た。そのスペクトルは以下のとおりである。
[(C)=ペンタエリスリトールトリグリシジルエーテル(PETriGE);(FF)=アルキン;(TF)=エポキシド]
オーブン乾燥した250mLの丸底フラスコに、(実施例7Aにより作製した)PETriGE生成物25及び120mLの無水DMF(Aldrich)を加えた。反応フラスコにN2ガスを勢いよく流し、隔壁で閉じ、そして氷浴で0℃まで冷却した。この溶液に、機械攪拌しながら、水素化ナトリウム(1.35g、33.8ミリモル、鉱油中の60%分散物)(Aldrich)を小分けにして20分間にわたって加えた。0℃、40分間の追加の攪拌後、プロパルギルブロミド26(3.73mL、トルエン中、90重量%)を加えた。冷却を90分間続け、そして、混合物を放置して徐々に室温にあたためた。混合物をこの温度で一夜攪拌した。その後、氷浴を用いて反応混合物を10℃まで冷却し、70mLの水で希釈し、酢酸エチル(3×70mL)で抽出し、飽和食塩水(2×50mL)で洗浄した。併合した抽出物を硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、ロータリーエバポレーションで濃縮すると、濃い茶色の液体が得られ、これを、最初はヘキサン中の酢酸エチル(20:80%v/v)を用い、そしてこれを徐々にヘキサン中の酢酸エチル(40:60%v/v)に変化させたシリカゲル上のカラムクロマトグラフィーによって精製した。Rf=0.31にTLC(酢酸エチル:ヘキサン 1:1)スポットを生じる画分を併合し、そして純粋なプロパルギル化ペンタエリスリトールトリグリシジルエーテル27(3.79g、収率82%)であることがわかった。そのスペクトルは以下のとおりである。
[(C)=PETGE;(TF)=エポキシ]
ペンタエリスリトール9(15.03g、110ミリモル)(Acros Organics)及び250mLのTHFを1Lの丸底フラスコ中で混合した。KOH(85.93g、1.35モル、OHあたり3.0当量)及びテトラブチルアンモニウムブロミド(TBAB)(0.460g、1.23%モル)(Acros Organics)を粉末漏斗を介して加え、続いて、125mLの添加漏斗を介してアリルブロミド28(106.6g、1.35モル、OHあたり3.0当量)を10分間にわたって加えた。その後、反応物をただちに70℃の油浴中に24時間置いた。TLC(10:1 ヘキサン:酢酸エチル)によって反応をモニターし、Rf=0.4において生成物のスポットを示し、トリ−、ジ−又はモノ−アリル−置換ペンタエリスリトールについてのスポットはなかった。反応混合物を、150mLの荒い焼結ガラス製ブフナー漏斗を通して真空ろ過した。有機層をジエチルエーテル(2×250mL)で希釈した。有機層を5%K2CO3(5×300mL)で洗浄し、そして、MgSO4で乾燥させた。揮発性物質をロータリーエバポレーター(40℃の浴温度)で除去して、ペンタエリスリトールテトラアリルエーテル29(PETAE)(30.07g;収率92%)を得て、それは以下のスペクトルを有する。
[(C)=ペンタエリスリトールテトラアジド(PETAZ);(IF)=OH;(TF)=アジド]
(実施例7Cより作製した)PETGE1(3.6g、10ミリモル)、27mLのDMF及び3mLの水を、50mLの丸底フラスコに入れた。この溶液に、アジ化ナトリウム(7.8g、120ミリモル、エポキシドあたり3当量)、続いて塩化アンモニウム(6.36g、3当量)を加えた。反応フラスコにスターラーバー及び還流凝縮器を取り付け、そして一夜、50℃に加熱した。反応の進行をTLCによりモニターした。この時間の後、反応混合物を室温まで放冷し、ブフナー漏斗を通して固体物質をろ過して除き、固体を酢酸エチル(1×50mL)で洗浄した。ろ液を70mLの水で希釈し、そして、酢酸エチル(3×50mL)で抽出した。併合した有機層を飽和食塩水で洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、シリカゲルベッドを通してろ過した。ろ液をロータリーエバポレーションで濃縮して、無色の液体30(5.1g、収率95%)を得た。そのスペクトルは以下のとおりである。
[(C)=PETGE;(IF1)=OH;(EX1)=トリアゾール;(BR1)=PETriGE;(TF)=エポキシド;G=1]
オーブン乾燥した50mLの丸底フラスコに、プロパルギルペンタエリスリトールトリグリシジルエーテル27(0.39g、1.14ミリモル、N3あたり1.05当量、実施例7Bにより作製した)、ペンタエリスリトールテトラアジド30(0.144g、0.271ミリモル;実施例7Dにより作製した)、1.2gのt−ブタノール及び1.2gの水を加えた。フラスコにスターラーバーをとりつけ、そしてストッパーで密封した。この混合物に、アスコルビン酸ナトリウム(0.026g、0.114ミリモル、0.10当量)、続いて、硫酸銅(II)五水和物(CuSO4.5H2O)(0.014g、0.057ミリモル、0.05当量)を加えた。反応の進行を、TLCによりモニターした。室温での3日間の攪拌後、反応は完結したことがわかった。エポキシド基の高い反応性によって、生成物31を実施例7Fにおける次の反応のために単離せずに使用した。
[(C)=PETGE;(IF1)=OH;(EX1)=トリアゾール;(BR1)=PETriGE;(IF2)=OH;(BR2)=DEA;(TF)=OH;G=2]
粗生成物31を、3mLのt−ブタノール中のDEA5(1.07g、10.26ミリモル、エポキシドあたり3当量)(Aldrich)でクエンチングした。反応混合物を室温で1日攪拌し、そして、3日間45℃に加熱した。室温まで冷却後、反応混合物を300mLのMeOHで希釈し、わずかの溶解しない無機固体をろ過により除いた。1Kサイズの除膜を通して、UFによりさらにろ液を精製した。900mLの透過液を集めた後、残留物(retentate)をUFから引き出し、そしてUFをMeOH(3×50mL)で洗浄した。ロータリーエバポレーションによって溶媒を除去すると、褐色の液体を得て、これを高真空下で乾燥させて、所望のG=2デンドリマー32を泡状の固体(850mg、収率99%)として得た。そのスペクトルは以下のとおりである。
A.ジエステルアミノ分岐セル試薬前駆物質を用いる開環:トリメチロールプロパントリグリシジルエーテル(TMPTGE)及びジエチルイミノジアセテート(DEIDA)からの、エステル末端を有するPEHAMデンドリマー、G=1
[(C)=TMPTGE;(FF)=Et;(IF1)=OH;(BR1)=DEIDA;(TF)=エチルエステル;G=1.5]
DEIDA7(14.07g、74.47ミリモル)(Aldrich)及び120mLの無水MeOHを、オーブン乾燥した250mLの単首丸底フラスコ中に入れた。フラスコにスターラーバーと隔壁を取り付けた。TMPTGE4(5.0g、16.55ミリモル)(Aldrich)を、40mLの無水MeOHに溶解し、そして上記の攪拌している溶液に等圧滴下漏斗を通して、室温で1時間にわたって滴下して加えた。漏斗を還流凝縮器に取替え、そして、N2雰囲気下で、60時間、60℃で加熱した。減圧下、溶媒をロータリーエバポレーターで除去し、無色透明の液体が得られた。反応混合物全体を、100mLの単首丸底フラスコに移した。過剰のDEIDA7を、減圧下、150〜160℃のKugelrohr蒸留によって除去した。未蒸留の生成物33(12.59g;収率87.5%)を薄黄色の粘ちょうな液体として回収した。化合物33を、0℃でエチルアルコール中に保存する。そのスペクトルは以下のとおりである。
[(C)=TMPTGE;(FF)=Et;(IF1)=OH;(BR1)=DEIDA;(BR2)=TREN;(TF)=一級NH2;G=2]
100mLの丸底フラスコに、TREN2(17.05g、116.82ミリモル、エステルあたり60NH2当量)及び40mLのMeOH(Fisher Scientific)及び磁性スターラーバーを入れた。発熱混合反応が停止後(20分)、G=1エステル33(0.846g、0.97ミリモル、5.84エステルミリモル;実施例8Aより作製)の10mLのMeOH中の溶液を、室温で1時間にわたって滴下して加えた。その後、混合物を油浴中に入れ、50℃で3日間加熱した。反応の進行をIR分光法、すなわち、1740cm-1におけるエステル振動の消失及び1567cm-1におけるアミド振動の出現、によってモニターした。MALDI-TOF MS分析は、1348[M+Na]+及び1201[M+Na]+(1つ及び2つのループ)における環状化合物を伴う所望のG=2.0の生成物34に関する質量を示した。反応混合物を、700mLのMeOHで希釈し、そして1Kサイズの徐膜を用いてUFに供した。1.8リッターの透過液を集めた後、残留物をUFから引き出し、ロータリーエバポレーションによって溶媒を除去し、薄黄色の粘ちょうな液体を得て、これを高真空下でさらに乾燥させて、所望のG=2デンドリマー34(1.41g、収率98.94%)を得た。そのスペクトルは以下のとおりである。
[(C)=PETGE;(IF1)=OH;(BR1)=DEIDA;(BR2)=TREN;(TF)=一級NH2;G=2]
250mLの丸底フラスコに、TREN2(52.26g、358.0ミリモル、エステルあたり120NH2当量)、50mLのMeOH(Fisher Scientific)及びスターラーバーを入れた。発熱混合反応が停止した後(30分)、10mLのMeOH中のG=1のエステル8(1.25g、1.12ミリモル、8.95エステルミリモル;実施例3から作製)を室温で、1時間にわたって滴下して加え、混合物を一夜攪拌した。MALDI-TOF MS分析は、所望の生成物について予測された質量ピーク並びに1つ及び2つのループを有する副産物についての質量ピークを示した。IRスペクトルを記録し、そして1575cm-1におけるアミド振動の存在及び1740cm-1におけるエステル振動の不存在を示した。さらに36時間攪拌を継続した。そして、反応混合物をMeOH中5%w/w溶液に希釈し、1Kサイズの徐膜を用いるUFに供した。3.5リッターの透過液を集めた後、残留物をUFから取り出し、溶媒をロータリーエバポレーションによって除去し、残った生成物を高真空下で乾燥させて、薄黄色の泡状固体35(2.02g、収率94%)を得た。そのスペクトルは以下のとおりである。
[(C)=TMPTGE;(FF)=Et;(IF1)=OH;(BR1)=IDA;(TF)=CO2Na;G=1]
1000mLのガラス製丸底フラスコ中で、39gのNaOH(ペレット)を100mLのH2Oに溶解した。攪拌している溶液に、IDADS36(91.5g、0.69モル)を加え、そして完全に溶解するまで激しく攪拌した。100mLのMeOH中のTMPTGE4(65.77、0.22モル)の溶液を、20分間にわたってゆっくりと混合物に加え、そして、さらなる100mLのMeOHですすいだ。80℃で24時間、反応物を攪拌したままとした。その後、40〜100mmHg、60℃で、生成物が固体となるまで反応物を乾燥させ、さらに、高真空装置を用いて一定重量となるまで乾燥させて、白色固体37(160g、収率88%)を得た。そのスペクトルは以下のとおりである。
[(C)=TMPTGE;(FF)=Et;(IF1)=OH;(BR1)=IDA;(TF)=CO2H;G=1]
100mLのMeOH溶液に、IDA36(91.5g、0.69モル)を加え、そして完全に溶解するまで激しく攪拌した。100mLのMeOH中のTMPTGE4(65.77、0.22モル)の溶液を、この混合物に20分間にわたってゆっくりと加え、そして、更なる100mLのMeOHですすいだ。反応物を80℃で24時間、攪拌したままとした。その後、反応物を40〜100mmHg、60℃で、生成物が固体となるまで乾燥させ、そして、高真空装置を用いて一定重量となるまでさらに乾燥させて、白色固体38(160g、収率88%)を得た。そのスペクトルは以下のとおりである。
[(C)=TMPTGE;(FF)=Et;(IF1)=OH;(BR1)=IDA;(TF)=CO2NBu4;G=1]
(実施例10からの)化合物37(2g、2.4ミリモル)を、5mLの水に溶解し、そして、H形としてのイオン交換樹脂(IRC-50)を通過させた。この工程を4回繰り返し(イオン交換を通過した材料2g;質量総計8g)、pH3の生成物39を得た。併合した画分を凍結乾燥して、白色固体39(6.39g、収率84%)を得た。2gの化合物39を水(40mL)に溶解し、約5mLの0.86Mテトラブチルアンモニウムヒドロキシドを用いpH8に滴定した。3.75gの化合物40を用いて滴定工程をもう一度繰り返した。溶液を併合し、そして凍結乾燥して、白色固体40(7.95g)を得た。そのスペクトルは以下のとおりである。
[(C)=TMPTGE;(FF)=Et;(IF1)=OH;(BR1)=DBA;(TF)=ベンジル;G=1]
10mLのメタノール溶液に、ジベンジルアミン41(1.18g、6.0ミリモル)を加えて攪拌した。10mLのMeOH中のTMPTGE4(500mg、1.66ミリモル)の溶液を、この混合物にゆっくりと加えて、45℃で24時間攪拌したままにした。反応を、LCMSによりモニターし、これは、反応が完結したことを示した。C18 XTerraカラム、5〜60%のACNグラジエントを伴う0.1%TFAにおけるHPLCによって、反応混合物からサンプルを精製した。減圧下で反応溶媒を除去し、残った物質42をその粗製形態(1.53g)のままとした。そのスペクトルは以下のとおりである。
[(C)=TMPTGE;(IF1)=OH;(BR1)=DETA;(TF)=一級NH2;G=1]
DETA13(260.75g、2.5モル)及びMIBK43(1110g、11.1モル)を、バーレットトラップ及び水冷環流凝縮器を備えた2Lの丸底フラスコ中にいれ、そして、N2雰囲気下で110℃に加熱した。水が共沸により除かれるため、反応温度は110℃に上昇し、バーレットトラップの底でもう水が集められなくなるまで蒸留を継続した。N2下で反応混合物を室温まで冷却した。最後の痕跡量のMIBK43をロータリーエバポレーションにより除き、清澄なオレンジ色の液体としての所望の化合物44として、これを次のステップまで続けた。
(MeOH、DCM、EtOH、アセトン又は他の好適な溶媒などの)好適な揮発性有機溶媒中に溶解した農業的活性成分の10%w/wの溶液に、水又は上記と同様の有機溶媒中のデンドリマーの10%w/w溶液を加えた。混合物を2〜4時間、攪拌したままとし、その後、揮発性有機溶媒を減圧下で除去して、活性成分とデンドリマーの1:1混合物が生じた。この油性溶液を水に溶解してろ過した。水溶液中の活性成分含量のHPLC又はGLCアッセイによる分析は、デンドリマーの添加による、溶解度の増加を推定した。
MeOH、EtOH、アセトニトリルまたはアセトンなどの好適な揮発性の水混和性有機溶媒中に溶解した、農業的活性成分の10%v/v溶液に、PEHAMデンドリマーの10%w/w水溶液を加えた。混合物を2〜4時間攪拌したままにした。その後、揮発性有機成分が全体積の10%未満であることを確実にするために、水溶液のレベルを調節した。サンプルをドライアイスアセトン浴中で凍結し、そして溶媒を凍結乾燥により除去して、非晶質の固体を得た。非晶質の固体を水に溶解し、そしてろ過して、原液を得た。水溶液中の活性成分含量のHPLC又はGLCアッセイによる分析は、デンドリマーの添加による溶解度増加を推定する。実施例2及び14のPEHAMデンドリマーを試験し、そして、実施例15に類似した結果を得た。
サンプル調製:
それぞれが典型的な現場使用率である10mL/Lまたは5mL/L(1%又は0.5%)の2つの市販品−(グリホサートIPA-塩に基づく)Grow Choice(登録商標)及び(カリウム塩に基づく)Touchdown(登録商標)のうちのいずれか1つ、並びに、それぞれが最終濃度0.05%または0.1%(これらはタンクミックスに含まれうるアジュバントの典型的濃度である)となるように調製された計5つのPEHAMデンドリマーを用いて、5mLの標準液のマトリックスを調製した。デンドリマー溶液を含まない、同じ比率のGrow Choice(登録商標)及びTouchdown(登録商標)の2つの対照溶液も調製した。
調製した上記各製剤の5μLの1滴をマイクロシリンジによって、3番目の葉の向軸表面(上部)の主脈の横に施用した。植物の健康評価を5日目に行った。トライアルは、14及び21日間隔での評価のために進行中である。以下の表2は、5日後の植物を示す(2=Touchdown対照(Touchdown control)、11=溶液4C)。
1.2つの対照溶液についてのもとの施用部位を同定することは実質的に不可能であった。
2.溶液5、6、7及び10、11、12については、施用部位における壊死的損傷の形跡があった。
3.上記%損傷のスコアは、主に、出現する新たな生長物における「ブラウンアウト」の広がりの評価である。
4.PEHAMデンドリマーを取り入れた処理群3及び11は、顕著に高いパーセンテージの損傷を示し、これは、デンドリマー−グリホサート溶液が葉面に浸透し、そしてより高い効能を提供することを明白に示す。
上記実施例14と同じ製剤法の概要を用い、農薬とPEHAMデンドリマーの一連の1:1混合物を、農薬の14C放射線標識溶液[14C標識アトラジン1mCi/ミリモル、及びグリホサートモノ(イソプロピルアンモニウム)塩10〜30mCi/ミリモル]を用いて調製した。植物への施用のために1%活性成分のレベルまで、油性混合物を水で希釈した。同じレベルの農薬を用いるが、デンドリマーを含まない対照溶液も調製した。マイクロスプレイヤーを用いて、14C標識除草剤の均一な液滴を、エンドウマメ植物の21日齢植物の第4葉の裏面の主脈に隣接した環状の領域(直径10mm)に施用した。各処理群を4連とした。サンプルを設定した吸収時間(1〜48時間)の間放置し、その後、葉を除去し、MeOH+水(1mL;体積で1+1)、続いてMeOH(1mL)を連続して、それぞれ20秒間の持続時間にわたってシリンジから供給して、裏面を洗浄した。葉面の洗浄液を併合し、シンチレーターとしてLumagel(Lumac)を用いるシンチレーションカウントによって放射能を測定した。次に、クロロホルム(1mL)で葉片を洗浄することによって、クチクラ外ワックス中に保持された放射性同位体を回収した。窒素流中でクロロホルムを除去し、そして、ワックス抽出物及び葉面洗浄液中の放射能を、'Hisafe 3'シンチラント(scintillant)(4mL)の添加後、液体シンチレーションカウンティング(LSC)により測定した。サンプル間の放射能の相対的レベルは、洗い落とされた活性成分量の直接比較となった。吸収を、MeOH洗浄液中に回収されなかった農薬の比率として定義した。
農業的活性要素及び上記の(実施例15において調製した)PEHAMデンドリマーの標準製剤の5mL溶液を、ガラスのペトリ皿中に入れ、そして2、4及び8時間、日光に露出した。UV照射を、ARPANSAウェブサイト上でリアルタイムでモニターした。8時間にわたるUVフラックスを100%とし、そして、2及び4時間の露出をARPANSAの記録からのパーセンテージとして計算した。
最初のトライアルとして、10%水分を含む細砂の(およそ直径8cm、長さ10cmの)試験カラムを10mLの水性活性成分及び1mLの5%デンドリマーで処理した。デンドリマーを含まない対照カラムも調製した。
10gの硫酸銅を1Lの水に溶解することによって、硫酸銅溶液の1%原液を調製した。0mg(0.0%w/v)、25mg(0.1%w/v)、50mg(1.0%w/v)または500mg(10.0%w/v)のPEHAMデンドリマーを、5mLの上記で調製した硫酸銅溶液原液に加えることによって、1連の4つの溶液を調製した。これらの複合体を短時間、超音波処理し、振とう水浴中、37℃、100rpmで一夜、インキュベートし、室温で1時間平衡化させた。デンドリマー−硫酸銅活性成分の懸濁液を、Whatmanフィルターを通してろ過して、固体含有物を除去した。標準的方法を用いて銅についてサンプルを分析した。
Claims (11)
- アトラジン及びグリホサートから選択される少なくとも1つの農業的活性要素と結合した少なくとも1つのポリ(エーテルヒドロキシルアミン)デンドリマーを含み、そして、少なくとも1つの農業的に許容可能な希釈剤又はキャリアが存在する、農業における使用のための製剤であって、ここで、農業的活性要素の有効性又は活性の持続時間が増加され、前記ポリ(エーテルヒドロキシルアミン)デンドリマーは以下の式:
(C)は、トリメチロールプロパントリグリシジルエーテルから成るコアを意味し;
(FF)は、Etからなる、前記コアの焦点官能性成分を意味し;
xは、1であり;
(BR)は、分岐セルを意味し、これは、pが1超である場合、(BR)は、ジエタノールアミン及びジエチレントリアミンからなる群から選ばれる、同じ又は異なる構成部分であることができ;
pは、デンドリマー中の分岐セル(BR)の総数であり、以下の式:
Gは、前記コアを取り囲む、同心の分岐セルの外殻の数(世代)であり、1、2又は3であり;
iは、最後の世代Gであり;
Nbは、分岐セルの多重度であり;そして
Ncは、コアの多重度であり、かつ4の整数であり;
(IF)は、OHである、内部官能基を意味し;
qは、独立して、1〜64の整数であり;
mは、0であり、(EX)は、存在せず;
(TF)は、末端官能基を意味し、もし、zが1超であれば、(TF)は、アミノ及びヒドロキシルからなる群から選ばれる同じ又は異なる構成部分であることができ;
zは、1から、所与の世代Gについて(C)及び(BR)に関して可能な理論的数値までの、表面基の数を意味し、以下の式:
G、Nb及びNcは上記で定義されたとおりである。)
により導かれる。}
により表される、前記製剤。 - Gが、1又は2である、請求項1に記載の製剤。
- 式(I)のポリ(エーテルヒドロキシルアミン)デンドリマーが以下の:
[(C)=トリメチロールプロパントリグリシジルエーテル;(FF)=Et;(IF1)=OH;(BR1)=ジエタノールアミン;(TF)=OH;G=1];又は
[(C)=トリメチロールプロパントリグリシジルエーテル;(IF1)=OH;(BR1)=ジエチレントリアミン;(TF)=一級NH2;G=1]
である、請求項1に記載の製剤。 - 前記製剤が、農業的に許容可能な散剤、ダスト、粒剤、液剤、濃縮製剤、懸濁製剤、乳剤、スプレー、ゲル又はエアロゾルの形態である、請求項1に記載の製剤。
- 前記農業的活性要素が、前記製剤からの制御放出を可能とされている、請求項1に記載の製剤。
- 請求項1に記載の製剤で植物又は種子を処理する方法であって、ここで、農業的活性要素の有効性又は活性の持続時間が増加される、前記方法。
- 前記製剤が、前記農業的活性要素の植物表面への付着を改善する、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記製剤が、前記植物又は種子に付着した前記農業的活性要素の耐水性を改善する、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記製剤が、前記農業的活性要素の植物の植物組織又は種子中への浸透を改善する、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記製剤の使用によって、前記製剤の少なくとも1つのポリ(エーテルヒドロキシルアミン)デンドリマーが、前記植物又は種子をUV損傷から保護する、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記製剤の少なくとも1つのポリ(エーテルヒドロキシルアミン)デンドリマーが、前記植物のUV露出の間、UV損傷から前記農業的活性要素を保護する、請求項6に記載の方法。
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US9273407B2 (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2016-03-01 | Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute Company Limited | Additive for electrodeposition |
AR100763A1 (es) * | 2014-09-09 | 2016-11-02 | Univ Ramot | SISTEMA DE LIBERACIÓN DE AGROQUÍMICOS A BASE DE HÍBRIDOS DE PEG-DENDRÓN ANFIFÍLICO QUE RESPONDE A ENZIMAS O AL pH |
US10869939B2 (en) | 2015-08-03 | 2020-12-22 | Ramot At Tel-Aviv University Ltd. | Delivery system in micellar form having modular spectral response based on enzyme-responsive amphiphilic PEG-dendron hybrid polymers |
CA3008648C (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2023-01-10 | Priostar Pty Ltd | Dendrimer and formulations thereof |
KR101832380B1 (ko) * | 2017-02-17 | 2018-04-04 | 한국화학연구원 | 신규한 3차 아민계 폴리올 및 이의 이용 |
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CN110432263B (zh) * | 2019-07-10 | 2020-09-08 | 中国农业大学 | 植物源农药分子-纳米载体复合体及其制备方法和应用 |
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US7985424B2 (en) * | 2004-04-20 | 2011-07-26 | Dendritic Nanotechnologies Inc. | Dendritic polymers with enhanced amplification and interior functionality |
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