JP5981429B2 - 末梢に制限されたfaah阻害剤 - Google Patents
末梢に制限されたfaah阻害剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5981429B2 JP5981429B2 JP2013521861A JP2013521861A JP5981429B2 JP 5981429 B2 JP5981429 B2 JP 5981429B2 JP 2013521861 A JP2013521861 A JP 2013521861A JP 2013521861 A JP2013521861 A JP 2013521861A JP 5981429 B2 JP5981429 B2 JP 5981429B2
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- Prior art keywords
- pain
- compound
- anandamide
- substituted
- unsubstituted
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- C07C271/00—Derivatives of carbamic acids, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C271/06—Esters of carbamic acids
- C07C271/40—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C271/56—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carbamate groups bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/04—Centrally acting analgesics, e.g. opioids
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
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- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
- C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
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Description
本願は米国仮出願番号第61/368,500号(2010年7月28日出願)に基づく優先権の利益を主張する。当該出願の内容はその全体が、あらゆる目的において、引用により本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明は、米国国立衛生研究所により許可番号DA0l2413、DA0l2447及びAA0l7538として認可された政府支援の基でなされた。米国政府は本発明に一定の権利を有する。
該当なし
まず、本明細書及び添付の特許請求の範囲において、単数形表現(英文の“a”、“an”、“the”に相当)には、別途明確な記載がない場合、複数形も含まれるということに留意されたい。
本発明の化合物は、下記式の化合物:
本明細書に記載された化合物のアッセイはハイスループットスクリーニングに適している。斯かるアッセイとしては、FAAHへの阻害剤の結合、或いは、基質(例えばオレオイルエタノールアミドやアナンダミド等)の加水分解により発生する反応生成物(例えば脂肪酸アミドやエタノールアミン等)の放出を検出するものが好ましい。放出される反応生成物の検出を容易にするために、基質を標識してもよい。特別の反応生成物の存在、不在、又は定量化のためのハイスループット・アッセイは、当業者には周知である。即ち、例えば米国特許第5,559,410号には、タンパク質のハイスループットスクリーニング法が開示されている。また、米国特許第5,576,220号及び第5,541,061号には、リガンド/抗体結合のハイスループットスクリーニング法が開示されている。
FAAH阻害剤を抗侵害受容作用に基づいてスクリーニングする方法は、当業者に周知である。例えば、マウス・ホットプレート・テストおよびマウス・ホルマリン・テストでは、試験化合物を対象動物に投与し、組織の熱又は化学損傷に対する侵害受容反応が測定される。また、抗侵害受容活性のスクリーニング法を教示する米国特許第6,326,156号も参照。Cravatt et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98:9371-9376 (2001) 参照。
また、本発明は上記の抹消に制限されたFAAH阻害化合物の医薬組成物を提供する。ここで、医薬組成物等における「組成物」(composition)という語は、(1又は2以上の)活性成分と、担体を構築する(1又は2以上の)不活性成分とを含む製品、並びに、上記成分のうち任意の2以上の組み合わせ、複合体形成又は凝集から、或いは上記成分のうち1又は2以上の解離から、或いは上記成分のうち1又は2以上の他の種類のの反応又は相互作用から、直接又は間接的に得られる製品を包含する意である。従って、本発明の医薬組成物は、本発明の化合物及び医薬的に許容可能な担体の混合により作製される任意の組成物を包含する。「医薬組成物」(pharmaceutical composition)という語は、動物やヒトを含む対象における医薬用途に適した組成物を示す。医薬組成物は一般に、有効量の活性成分と、医薬的に許容可能な担体とを含む。
本発明の化合物は非経口投与してもよい。これらの活性化合物の溶液又は懸濁液は、水を用い、適切にはヒドロキシプロピルセルロース等の界面活性剤を混合して調製することができる。分散液も、グリセロール、液体ポリエチレングリコール、及びその油中混合物を用いて調製することができる。通常の保存及び使用条件下では、これらの製剤は、微生物の増殖を防止するための保存料を含む。
疼痛の制御
ある態様によれば、式I及びIIの化合物は、対象の疼痛を緩和又は処置するために投与される。斯かる処置は予防でも治療でもよい。斯かる処置はヒトを対象とするものでもよい。本発明の化合物及び組成物は、疼痛の激しさ又は頻度又は程度を低下させる目的のみのために投与されてもよい。斯かる処置は、別の鎮痛剤又は抗炎症剤との併用療法として供されてもよい。ある態様によれば、疼痛はニューロパシー性疼痛である。ニューロパシー性疼痛は、後三叉神経痛、ニューロパシー性腰痛、末梢か多発ニューロパシー性疼痛、複合性局所疼痛症候群(灼熱痛及び反射性交感神経性ジストロフィー)、糖尿病性ニューロパシー、中毒性神経炎、及び化学療法薬によって引き起こされた慢性ニューロパシーからなる群から選択される。他の態様によれば、疼痛は腎臓部及び肝臓疝痛又は結合組織炎である。あるニューロパシー性疼痛の態様によれば、神経系の一次病巣又は機能障害は、対象の神経に対する機械的損傷によって生じたものである。更なる態様によれば、機械的損傷は、対象における神経の圧迫、神経の離断、灼熱痛、脊髄損傷、術後痛、幻肢痛又は瘢痕形成による。
ある態様によれば、式I及びIIの化合物を、対象の炎症の緩和のために投与してもよい。斯かる処置は予防でも治療でもよい。斯かる処置はヒトを対象とするものでもよい。本発明の化合物及び組成物は、炎症の激しさ又は頻度又は程度を低下させる目的のみのために投与されてもよい。斯かる処置は、別の鎮痛剤又は抗炎症剤との併用療法として供されてもよい。
以下の実施例は説明の目的のために提供するものであり、添付の特許請求の範囲に規定される本発明の範囲を限定することを意図するものではない。実施例における材料及び/又は方法に基づいて当業者が把握し得る変形は、その全てが本発明の範囲内にあることが意図される。
薬物分配係数(Drug distribution coefficients)。本発明者等は、溶質をn−オクタノールとpH7.4に緩衝化された水溶液との間で分配する、室温(25±1℃)におけるLog D7.4,oct値を決定した36。
脳室内(i.c.v.)薬物投与用カニューレの留置。ケタミン(70mgkg−1、i.p.)及びキシラジン(9.33mgkg−1、i.p.)の混合物を用いてSDラットを麻酔した。定位フレームに載置し、耳棒(David Kopf Instruments, Tujunga, CA, USA)及び水平面下2.4mmに設置した門歯棒で安定化した。22ゲージのステンレス鋼ガイドカニューレを、実験7日前に右側脳室にインプラントしておいた。インプラント座標(ブレグマに対して前後方向−0.9mm、内外方向−1.5mm、頭蓋骨表面下方3.8mm)は、Paxinos & Watson ラット脳地図を用いて決定した45。3本のステンレス鋼ねじ及び歯科用セメントを用いてガイドカニューレを頭蓋骨に係留し、ダミーのスタイレットの挿入による注射まで維持した。注射に際しては、スタイレットを除去し、薬物又はビヒクル5μLを、10μLのハミルトン・マイクロシリンジを用いて注射した。シリンジは、PBSで満たしたPTFE 24Gカテーテル(Small parts Inc, Logansport, IN)を介して、ガイドカニューレの先端から1mm突出する28ゲージのステンレス鋼注射器に接続した。PTFE24Gカテーテルの遠位端から小気泡(3μL)を吸引し、注射された溶液をPBSから分離すると共に、注射を目視で確認した。注射は1分間かけて行い、逆流による漏出を防ぐために、更に1分間注射器を維持した。実験の終わりに、トリパンブルー(5μL)の注射によってカニューレの設置を確認し、その後にラットを安楽死させた。適切な配置を有する動物のみを試験対象とした。実験の前に7〜10日間ラットを回復させた。スイスマウスに対し、Bennett 及びXieの方法を準用して、坐骨神経結紮を実施した24。キシラジン(10mgkg−1、i.p.)及びケタミン(100mgkg−1、i.p.)でマウスを麻酔した。左腿を剃毛し、ベタジン(Betadine)(登録商標)で洗浄した。左腿中央を小さく切開し(長さ2cm)、坐骨神経を露出させた。神経の離れた2つの部位(2mm間隔で配置)で、縫合糸(7−0)を使用して神経全周を緩く縛った。手術領域にストレプトマイシン粉末を振り掛け、1か所の筋肉縫合と2箇所の皮膚クリップで閉止し、最後にベタジン(Betadine)(登録商標)で洗浄した。偽手術動物では、神経を露出したが、縛らずに放置した。動物は覚醒時まで熱ランプ下に放置した。
末梢に制限されたFAAH阻害剤の発見。現在のFAAH阻害剤は容易に脳血液関門を通過してしまう12。CNSへのアクセスが制限された阻害剤を生産するために、本発明者等は、O−アシルカルバメートURB59713,14(表1、1a)の近位フェニル環に対し、小型の親水性置換基であれば生物活性15を害しないと予想される位置に、極性を変更する化学基を追加した。この新たな化合物は、ラット脳FAAHの膜調製物を用いて試験した場合に、同等の活性を有しており、マウス(1mg・kg−1、腹腔内、i.p)(表1、1b〜1f)に全身投与した場合にも、肝臓FAAH活性の阻害に同程度の有効性を示した。しかし、CNSへのアクセス能においては、大きく異なっていた。特に、p−ヒドロキシフェニル誘導体URB937(表1、1b)は、マウス及びラットの末梢組織中のFAAH活性を抑えたが、脳FAAH活性には影響しなかった(表1、表2)。マウスにおける服用量探索試験によれば、脳のFAAH阻害のためのURB937の50%有効量(ED50)が、肝臓のFAAH阻害のためのED50の200倍にもなることが示された(図1a)。更に、全身投与の後、URB937(1mgkg−1、i.p.)は血清及び肝臓に急速に分配したが、脳組織では検出されなかった(図1b)。共有結合機構を通じてFAAHと相互作用することが知られている他のO−アリールカルバメートのように13,16、URB937は末梢FAAH活性をインビボで迅速且つ持続的に阻害した(表1c)。
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Claims (29)
- 下記式を有する化合物:
R2及びR3は独立に、水素及び置換又は無置換のヒドロカルビルからなる群より選択され;
R4は各々独立に、ハロゲン及び置換又は無置換のヒドロカルビルからなる群より選択され、nは0〜4の整数であり;
R5は各々独立に、ハロ及び置換又は無置換のヒドロカルビルからなる群より選択され、mは0〜3の整数であり;
R6は置換又は無置換のシクロヘキシルである)、又は、
医薬的に許容可能なその塩。 - R1が−OC(O)R7であり、ここでR7は置換又は無置換のヒドロカルビルである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- R1が−O−カルボキサミドである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- R2及びR3が独立に、(C1−C3)アルキル及びHから選択される、請求項1〜3の何れか一項に記載の化合物。
- R6が無置換のシクロヘキシルである、請求項1〜4の何れか一項に記載の化合物。
- R4及びR5が各々独立に、ハロゲン及び置換又は無置換の(C1−C3)アルキルから選択される、請求項1〜5の何れか一項に記載の化合物。
- R7が置換又は無置換の(C1−C3)アルキルである、請求項1〜6の何れか一項に記載の化合物。
- R1がヒドロキシであり、R2及びR3の少なくとも一方が水素である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- R1がヒドロキシであり、R2及びR3が共に水素である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- mが0である、請求項1〜9の何れか一項に記載の化合物。
- nが0である、請求項1〜10の何れか一項に記載の化合物。
- mとnとの合計が1、2、又は3である、請求項1〜11の何れか一項に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1〜13の何れか一項に記載の化合物を含む医薬組成物。
- 請求項1〜13の何れか一項に記載の化合物の、哺乳類においてFAAHを阻害するための薬剤の製造における使用。
- 哺乳類が、疼痛、炎症性疾患、又は免疫障害の処置を必要とする、請求項15に記載の使用。
- 疼痛が侵害受容性、炎症性又は神経障害性の疼痛である、請求項16に記載の使用。
- 哺乳類が炎症又は免疫障害を有する、請求項16に記載の使用。
- 末梢の脂肪酸アミドヒドロラーゼ(Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase:FAAH)を選択的に阻害するための医薬組成物であって、請求項1〜13の何れか一項に記載の化合物と、医薬的に許容可能な賦形剤とを含む医薬組成物。
- 疼痛、炎症、及び免疫障害から選択される状態を処置するための医薬組成物であって、請求項1〜13の何れか一項に記載の化合物と、医薬的に許容可能な賦形剤とを含む医薬組成物。
- 請求項1〜13の何れか一項に記載の化合物を含む、疼痛及び/又は炎症を処置するための医薬組成物。
- 炎症を処置するための、請求項21に記載の医薬組成物。
- 疼痛を処置するための、請求項21に記載の医薬組成物。
- 請求項1〜13の何れか1項に記載の化合物を含む、哺乳類において、アナンダミド、オレオイルエタノールアミド(oleoylethanolamide:OEA)、パルミチルエタノールアミド(palmitylethanolamide:PEA)、又はステアロイルエタノールアミド(stearoylethanolamide:SEA)の末梢レベルを上昇させるための医薬組成物。
- OEA、PEA、SEA又はアナンダミドが哺乳類内因性である、請求項24に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記哺乳類が疼痛、炎症又は免疫障害の処置を必要とする、請求項24又は25に記載の医薬組成物。
- 請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の化合物及びアナンダミド、オレオイルエタノールアミド(OEA)、パルミチルエタノールアミド(PEA)、又はステアロイルエタノールアミド(SEA)を含む、哺乳類において、OEA、PEA、SEA又はアナンダミドの末梢レベルを上昇させるための組み合わせ医薬であって、ここで前記OEA、PEA、SEA又はアナンダミドが、前記哺乳類に、前記化合物の投与の前に、投与と共に、又は投与の後に投与される、組み合わせ医薬。
- 前記OEA、PEA、SEA又はアナンダミドの投与が、前記化合物の投与と同時に行われる、請求項27に記載の組み合わせ医薬。
- 前記哺乳類が疼痛、炎症又は免疫障害の処置を必要とする、請求項27又は28に記載の組み合わせ医薬。
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