JP5934390B2 - 硫黄含有ガスストリーム中のΝOx排出物を制御するための選択触媒還元システム及びプロセス - Google Patents
硫黄含有ガスストリーム中のΝOx排出物を制御するための選択触媒還元システム及びプロセス Download PDFInfo
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- JP5934390B2 JP5934390B2 JP2014556797A JP2014556797A JP5934390B2 JP 5934390 B2 JP5934390 B2 JP 5934390B2 JP 2014556797 A JP2014556797 A JP 2014556797A JP 2014556797 A JP2014556797 A JP 2014556797A JP 5934390 B2 JP5934390 B2 JP 5934390B2
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- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
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- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
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- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/903—Multi-zoned catalysts
- B01D2255/9032—Two zones
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
- C10J2300/1643—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy
- C10J2300/165—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy integrated with a gas turbine or gas motor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
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- C10J2300/1643—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy
- C10J2300/1653—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy integrated in a gasification combined cycle [IGCC]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
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- F05D2220/72—Application in combination with a steam turbine
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
本発明に対する研究開発は部分的に、米国エネルギー省によって与えられた協定番号DE−FC26−05NT42644によってサポートされた。従って、米国政府は本発明において一定の権利を有し得る。
(1)4NH3+4NO+O2→4N2+6H2O
(2)4NH3+2NO+2NO2→4N2+6H2O
(3)8NH3+6NO2→7N2+12H2O
(4)2NH3+NO+NO2→2N2+3H2O
(5)NH3+SO2+H2O+1/2O2→NH4HSO4
(6)2NH3+SO2+H2O+1/2O2→(NH4)2SO4
(7)4NO+4NH3+O2→4N2+6H2O
(8)2NO2+4NH3+O2→3N2+6H2O
(9)CO+O2→CO2
(10)CaHbOy+(a+b/4−y/2)O2→aCO2+b/2H2O
(11)4NH3+7O2→4NO2+6H2O
(12)4NH3+5O2→4NO2+6H2O
(13)2NH3+2O2→4N2O+3H2O
(14)4NH3+3O2→2N2+6H2O
以下は、還元プラス酸化部分36において追加量のタングステン(W)を有する触媒調製の一例である。溶液が、2000mLビーカーにおいてDI水にメタタングステン酸アンモニウム(アルドリッチ)を添加することで調製された。7wt.%のタングステンを有する押出成形された従来のSCR触媒システムのモノリスコアがその溶液に浸され、10wt.%のタングステン担持を達成した。ブロックはレンジ加熱で乾燥され、450℃で2時間焼成された。パラジウム/白金金属溶液が、テトラアンミン塩化パラジウム(tetraammine palladium chloride)溶液及びテトラアンミン塩化白金(tetraammine platinum chloride)溶液をビーカーに添加することによって調製された。モノリスブロックが前記溶液に浸され、平均5gPtPd/ft3を得た。ブロックはさらにレンジ加熱され、乾燥され、450℃で2時間焼成され、焼成後に酸化タングステンを含むPERCW触媒ベッドを提供した。本明細書に記載の触媒ベッドは従って、例えば米国特許第7,390,471号(その全体が参照によって本明細書に組み込まれる)に記載されているような既知のSCR触媒システム又はその成形物に、タングステン及び例えば白金又はパラジウムなどの酸化触媒を本明細書で特定された量で添加することによって提供され得る、と認められる。
表1に示すように、本発明者は、従来の工業的SCR(ベースライン比較触媒)における追加量のタングステンの存在がABSの形成に関連する触媒性能に如何なる顕著な変化ももたらさないことを見出した(表1)。ベースラインSCR比較触媒(SCR)は、以下の組成を有した:1.6%のV/7%のW/3.0%のSi/36.5%のTi。表1に示されるSCR+3.5%Wの触媒システムは、追加のWO3(追加の3.5%タングステン)を含有した。SCR触媒ベッドにおける追加のWO3含有は、ABSの形成に関連する触媒性能に如何なる顕著な変化ももたらさなかった。PERC触媒システムにおいて、PERCベッドの還元のみの部分34は、ベースラインSCR組成と同一の組成を有したが、PERC触媒の還元プラス酸化部分36は、5g/ft3のPd及び5g/ft3のPtを追加したベースラインSCR組成を有して提供された。PERCW触媒システムにおいて、追加の3.5%Wが提供された。見られるように、PERCW触媒システムの還元プラス酸化部分36における追加の3.5%W含有は、実質的にABSの形成を低減した。
本発明者は、下流にある還元プラス酸化部分における追加のタングステンの含有が結果として、特定の濃度におけるABS形成の実質的な低減をもたらすことを見出した。例えば図2及び表2に示されるように、本発明者は、下流にある還元プラス酸化部分36において、還元のみの部分34と比較して2−8wt.%追加のタングステンが提供されることで、触媒ベッド32全体にわたってタングステンが均一に分散されたものと比べて、ABS形成の顕著な低下(2.0ppb未満、典型的には1.0ppb未満のABS)が結果としてもたらされることを見出した。パイロットスケールの試験用装置(触媒ブロック150×150×300mm)において、IGCC操作条件下で触媒の例示的結果が試験され、以下の表2に示される。この例では、ベースラインSCR比較触媒(表2のSCR)は、以下の組成を有した:1.6%のV/7.2%のW/3.0%のSi/36.5%のTi。触媒ベッド32の還元のみの部分は、ベースラインSCR組成と同一の組成を有し、一方で触媒ベッド32の還元プラス酸化部分36は、5g/ft3のPd及び5g/ft3のPtを追加したベースラインSCR組成を有した。
20 窒素
22 空気
24 ガス化装置
26 H2含有燃料
28 ガスタービン
29 排ガス
30 熱回収蒸気発生器
31 アンモニア注入装置
32 触媒ベッド
34 還元のみの部分
36 還元プラス酸化部分
Claims (20)
- アンモニア、窒素酸化物(NOx)、SO2及び水を含むガスストリームにおける、アンモニア塩形成の効果的抑制を伴う窒素酸化物(NOx)の選択触媒還元のための方法であって、
第1量のタングステンを含む還元のみの触媒部分を備える触媒ベッド上に前記ガスストリームを通過させることで、アンモニアによってNOxを還元するステップと、
前記触媒ベッドにおいて前記還元のみの触媒部分の下流にある還元プラス酸化触媒部分上に前記ガスストリームを通過させることで、同時にNOxをさらに還元しながら残存するアンモニアを酸化するステップであって、前記還元プラス酸化触媒部分は前記第1量のタングステンよりも多い第2量のタングステンを含む、ステップと、
を含む方法。 - 前記還元のみの触媒部分及び前記還元プラス酸化触媒部分はそれぞれ、五酸化バナジウム及び二酸化チタンをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記還元プラス酸化触媒部分はさらに、酸化反応を促進するのに効果的な少なくとも1つのある量の白金族金属を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第2量のタングステンは、前記第1量のタングステンよりも、前記触媒ベッドの2−8wt.%多い、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第2量のタングステンは、前記第1量のタングステンよりも、前記触媒ベッドの3−6wt.%多い、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記第1量のタングステン及び前記第2量のタングステンの全量は、前記触媒ベッドの12−38wt.%である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記還元プラス酸化触媒部分におけるタングステンの全量は、前記触媒ベッドの10−16wt.%である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記還元プラス酸化触媒部分に対する前記還元のみの触媒部分の比率は、前記触媒ベッドの60:40(vol.%)である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記触媒ベッドが共通のモノリス基板である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ガスストリームは、10−25vol.%の水、5−18vol.%のO2及び5−20ppmのSO2を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1量のタングステン及び前記第2量のタングステンは、酸化タングステンで提供される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ガスタービンの排ガスストリームの流路に前記触媒ベッドを取り付けるステップであって、前記排ガスストリームは、NOx、CO、炭化水素、H2O、O2及びSO2を含む、ステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ガスタービンに対して水素含有燃料を合成するガス化複合発電(IGCC)プラントにおけるガスタービンの排ガスストリームの流路に、前記触媒ベッドを取り付けるステップをさらに含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 少なくともアンモニア、窒素酸化物(NOx)、SO2及び水を含むガスストリームにおける、アンモニア塩形成の効果的抑制を伴う窒素酸化物(NOx)の選択触媒還元のための触媒ベッドであって、
前記ガスストリーム中のNOxを還元するための、第1量のタングステンを含む還元のみの触媒部分と、
同時にNOxをさらに還元しながら残存するアンモニアを酸化するための、前記触媒ベッドにおいて前記還元のみの触媒部分の下流にある還元プラス酸化触媒部分であって、前記第1量のタングステンよりも多い第2量のタングステンを含む、還元プラス酸化触媒部分と、
を含む触媒ベッド。 - 前記還元プラス酸化触媒部分はさらに、酸化反応を促進するのに効果的な少なくとも1つのある量の白金族金属を含み、前記第2量のタングステンは、前記第1量のタングステンよりも、前記触媒ベッドの2−8wt.%多い、請求項14に記載の触媒ベッド。
- 前記第2量のタングステンは、前記第1量のタングステンよりも、前記触媒ベッドの3−6wt.%多い、請求項14に記載の触媒ベッド。
- 前記第1量及び前記第2量のタングステンは、酸化タングステンに由来する、請求項16に記載の触媒ベッド。
- 前記第1量のタングステン及び前記第2量のタングステンの全量は、前記触媒ベッドの12−38wt.%である、請求項14に記載の触媒ベッド。
- 前記還元プラス酸化触媒部分に対する前記還元のみの触媒部分の比率は、前記触媒ベッドの60:40(vol.%)である、請求項14に記載の触媒ベッド。
- 軸動力を生成するための空気中の燃料と、窒素酸化物(NOx)、一酸化炭素及び炭化水素を含む排ガス流と、を燃焼するためのガスタービンエンジンと、
前記排ガスが大気中に移動する前に前記排ガスを受け取るための処理装置であって、請求項14に記載の触媒ベッドを含む、処理装置と、
を含む発電装置。
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US13/453,013 US9101877B2 (en) | 2012-02-13 | 2012-04-23 | Selective catalytic reduction system and process for control of NOx emissions in a sulfur-containing gas stream |
US13/453,013 | 2012-04-23 | ||
PCT/US2013/025723 WO2013122924A1 (en) | 2012-02-13 | 2013-02-12 | Selective catalytic reduction system and process for control of nox emissions in a sulfur-containing gas stream |
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JP2015508019A (ja) | 2015-03-16 |
KR20140132733A (ko) | 2014-11-18 |
CA2861389C (en) | 2017-03-14 |
CN104136098A (zh) | 2014-11-05 |
EP2814595A1 (en) | 2014-12-24 |
CA2861389A1 (en) | 2013-08-22 |
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