JP5922126B2 - 化学蒸着によって生成するカーボンナノ構造体およびネットワーク - Google Patents
化学蒸着によって生成するカーボンナノ構造体およびネットワーク Download PDFInfo
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- JP5922126B2 JP5922126B2 JP2013529090A JP2013529090A JP5922126B2 JP 5922126 B2 JP5922126 B2 JP 5922126B2 JP 2013529090 A JP2013529090 A JP 2013529090A JP 2013529090 A JP2013529090 A JP 2013529090A JP 5922126 B2 JP5922126 B2 JP 5922126B2
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Description
本発明は、カーボンのナノ構造体、たとえば、カーボンナノチューブ(CNT)、フラーレンおよびグラフェンに関する。より詳細には、本発明は、カーボンナノ構造体のネットワーク、特定のCNTネットワーク、その生成、および複合材料におけるかかるネットワークの使用に関する。本発明はまた、ナノ構造体ネットワークの生成で使用するのに適した組成物に関する。
カーボンナノチューブは、グラフェンの1以上の層によって形成される管状構造体である。90年代の初めにカーボンナノチューブを作製するための合成法が発見されて以来、その優れた電気、熱および機械的特性ならびに大きな比表面積故にCNTに対して多くの注目が寄せられてきた。それに基づき、マイクロエレクトロニクス用コンポーネント、ディスプレイ、ラジオ通信から燃料電池にいたる範囲にわたり、あらゆる種類の用途が示唆されてきた。
本発明者らは、単分散分布のナノサイズ金属粒子の周囲にナノ構造体を形成および成長させることによってカーボンナノ構造体(たとえば、CNT)を製造するための費用効果の高い方法を見出した。詳細には、化学的に相互連結したカーボンナノ構造体のネットワークは、先例のない本方法によって合成することができる。ネットワークは、複合材中の賦形剤として使用される場合、従来技術において先例のない電気特性、機械的強度、熱特性および耐薬品性を与える。こうした特性の一部の例は添付の実施例で与えられる。
一態様によれば、本発明は、結晶性カーボンナノ構造体、好ましくは、ナノチューブを製造するための方法に関し、(i)平均粒径1〜100nmを有する金属ナノ粒子を含有する両連続マイクロエマルションを供給することと、(ii)前記両連続マイクロエマルションを基材に接触させることと、(iii)前記金属ナノ粒子およびガス状カーボン源を化学蒸着に暴露することによって結晶性カーボンナノ構造体を形成することとを含む。
例1
CVDによる白金ナノ粒子上のカーボンナノチューブ合成
例1a
白金ナノ触媒の合成 フルオロカーボン界面活性剤[ペルフルオロ(4−メチル−3,6−ジオキサオクタン)スルホネート]とn−ヘキサノールの混合物を水溶液に添加した後に2種のマイクロエマルションを調製した。第1のマイクロエマルションは、白金前駆体ヘキサクロロ白金酸を含有していた。第2のマイクロエマルションに還元剤ヒドラジンを添加した。混合の際に完全に還元を行うために、還元剤の量を白金錯体の10倍の濃度に設定した。等量の2種のマイクロエマルションを混合することによってナノ粒子の合成を実施した:
L2−相マイクロエマルション
図1aはL2−相マイクロエマルションの例を示す。図はD.−H.Chen、J.−J.YehおよびT.−C.Huang、J.Coll.Int.Sci.、215、(1999)、159〜166頁からコピーしている。それは国際公開第81/02688号で応用されたマイクロエマルションに対するモデルを表す。液滴型のマイクロエマルションで生成した図1aのナノ粒子は、径約9nmであり、相互に非常にうまく分離していた。
カーボンナノチューブの合成
10mMのPt沈殿を含有するマイクロエマルションを銅グリッド(これは反応器の底部に置かれている)上に注いだ。100ml/分の窒素流下で温度を973K(10K/分)まで上昇させた後、エチレンガス(C2H4)を10ml/分で反応器内に導入した。ガス混合物を一定温度973Kで30分間反応器内のナノ粒子上を通した。滞留段階が終了すると、合成ガス流を停止し、反応器を100ml/分の窒素流下で室温まで冷却した。
カーボンナノチューブネットワーク
例1を反復したが、100mMという高い触媒濃度を使用した点が相違する。生じたナノチューブネットワークを例1で述べたのと同じ技法によって特徴付けた。ネットワークは、50μm〜1mmの寸法を有した(図6)。
吸収分光法
20mW Arレーザー(514nm)を備えたRenishawラマンイメージング顕微鏡、系2000を使用して本発明によるナノチューブネットワークについてラマン分光法を実施した。シリコンウエハを使用してRamascopeを較正した。その結果をF.Inoue、A.R.AndoおよびP.Corio、J.Raman Spectrosc.、42、(2011)、1379〜1383頁から取得したカーボンナノチューブに対するグラフから取得したものと比較した。
窒素収着
Quantachrome Autosorb−1c装置を本発明によるナノチューブネットワークについて実施された窒素吸着実験のために使用した。すべての試料を真空中17時間350℃で脱気した。結果をM.Chen、H.−W.Yu、J.−H.ChenおよびH.−S.Koo、Diamond&Related Materials、16、(2007)、1110〜1115頁から取得したカーボンナノチューブについてのグラフから取得したものと比較した。
機械的強度
他の材料に添加された場合に、カーボンナノチューブとカーボンナノチューブネットワークの間の明白な相違が観察される。ポリイミド(PI)との複合材では、ナノチューブネットワークは、図9bで示されるようにカーボンナノチューブより平均してより大きな機械的剛性を与える。カーボンナノチューブに対するグラフを、X.Jiang、Y.BinおよびM.Matsuo、Polymer、46、(2005)、7418〜7424頁から取得した。
電気特性
図9aに示すように、カーボンナノチューブネットワークを含むポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA)複合材の電気伝導度は、濃度に拘らず周波数に依存しないことを示し、これは、浸透を示すものである。この挙動は、純粋またはニートなPMMAでは見られない。文献:D.O.Kimら、Organic Electronics、9、(2008)、1〜13頁では、3重量%のカーボンナノチューブを複合化したPMMAが、ナノチューブネットワークを複合化したPMMAに対するよりも2桁低い伝導度0.01Scm-1を有することが知られている。
熱特性
2重量%でシリコンポリマーと混合すると、CNTネットワークは、298Kで0.64〜0.7Wm-1K-1に熱伝導率を向上させた。
触媒特性
カーボンナノチューブネットワーク系の電極は、水素および酸素をそれぞれ燃料および酸化剤として使用してピーク電力出力10mWcm-2を与えた。電力曲線を図12に示す。
他の金属
両連続マイクロエマルションを創成するために組み合わされる様々な種類の界面活性剤、油および金属前駆体は、カーボンナノチューブネットワークを形成するのに必要とされる触媒粒子の最小濃度に対する様々な値をもたらすことになる。
以下に、本発明の態様を付記する。
1. 結晶性カーボンナノ構造体および/または結晶性カーボンナノ構造体のネットワークを製造するための方法であって、
(i)平均粒径1〜100nmを有する金属ナノ粒子を含有する両連続マイクロエマルションを供給し、前記平均粒径からの粒径の偏差が10%未満であることと、
(ii)前記両連続マイクロエマルションを基材に接触させることと、
(iii)前記金属ナノ粒子およびガス状カーボン源を化学蒸着に暴露することによってカーボンナノ構造体および/またはカーボンナノ構造体のネットワークを形成することと
を含む、方法。
2. 前記両連続マイクロエマルションが水相に対して計算された少なくとも15mMの金属ナノ粒子を含有する、1に記載の方法。
3. または2に記載の方法によって取得可能な、化学的に相互連結した結晶性カーボンナノ構造体ネットワーク。
4. 平均径1〜100nmを有する金属ナノ粒子が前記ネットワーク中に埋め込まれている、3に記載のネットワーク。
5. カーボンナノチューブネットワークである、3から4のいずれか一項に記載のネットワーク。
6. 平均粒径1〜100nmを有する金属ナノ粒子を含有する両連続マイクロエマルションであって、平均粒径からの粒径偏差が10%未満である、両連続マイクロエマルション。
7. 少なくとも15mMの金属ナノ粒子を含有する、6に記載の両連続マイクロエマルション。
8. カーボンナノ構造体、好ましくは、カーボンナノチューブを製造するための、6または7に記載の両連続マイクロエマルションの使用。
Claims (10)
- カーボンナノ構造体のネットワークを製造するための方法であって、
(i)平均粒径1〜100nmを有する金属ナノ粒子を含有する両連続マイクロエマルションを供給し、前記平均粒径からの粒径の偏差が10%未満であることと、
(ii)前記両連続マイクロエマルションを基材に接触させることと、
(iii)前記金属ナノ粒子およびガス状カーボン源を化学蒸着に暴露することによってカーボンナノ構造体のネットワークを形成することと
を含む、方法。 - 前記両連続マイクロエマルションが水相に対して計算された少なくとも15mMの金属ナノ粒子を含有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 請求項1または2に記載の方法によって取得可能な、金属ナノ粒子が内部に埋め込まれ、こうした粒子の周囲に形成および成長するカーボンナノ構造体に物理的に付着している均一な化学的に相互連結したカーボンナノ構造体ネットワーク。
- 平均径1〜100nmを有する金属ナノ粒子が前記ネットワーク中に埋め込まれている、請求項3に記載のネットワーク。
- カーボンナノチューブネットワークである、請求項3から4のいずれか一項に記載のネットワーク。
- 平均粒径1〜100nmを有する金属ナノ粒子を含有する両連続マイクロエマルションの使用であって、平均粒径からの粒径偏差が10%未満である、両連続マイクロエマルションのカーボンナノ構造体を製造するための使用。
- 少なくとも15mMの金属ナノ粒子を含有する、請求項6に記載の両連続マイクロエマルションの使用。
- カーボンナノ構造体は、カーボンナノチューブである、請求項6または7に記載の使用。
- さらにポリマーを含む、請求項3、4または5記載の化学的に相互連結したカーボンナノ構造体ネットワークを含む複合材組成物。
- 前記ネットワークは、複合材組成物中の全ポリマー重量に対して0.1〜10重量%、のポリマーを添加される、請求項9に記載の複合材組成物。
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