JP5894436B2 - アイソフォーム特異的抗her4抗体 - Google Patents
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- JP5894436B2 JP5894436B2 JP2011537710A JP2011537710A JP5894436B2 JP 5894436 B2 JP5894436 B2 JP 5894436B2 JP 2011537710 A JP2011537710 A JP 2011537710A JP 2011537710 A JP2011537710 A JP 2011537710A JP 5894436 B2 JP5894436 B2 JP 5894436B2
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Description
この出願は、その開示を出典明示によりここに援用する2008年11月25日に出願された米国仮出願第61/117903号に対して米国特許法第119条(e)項に基づく優先権を主張する。
従って、HER4媒介疾患をより正確に治療するためにHER4レセプターの特異的なアイソフォームに対する治療剤を提供することが望ましい。
他に定めない限り、ここで使用される技術及び科学用語は、この発明が属する分野の当業者により一般的に理解されるものと同じ意味を有しており、Singleton等 1994 Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 第2版., J. Wiley & Sons, New York, NY;及びJaneway等 2001 Immunobiology: the immune system in health and disease 第5版, Garland Publishing, New Yorkと一致する。
HER4アイソフォーム
4つの構造的及び機能的に異なるアイソフォームは、選択的スプライシングにより、単一のHER4遺伝子から産生される(18、19)。アイソフォームの2つは細胞内細胞質ドメインが異なっている(アイソフォームCYT-1及びCYT-2)。CYT-1は細胞質ドメイン内に16のアミノ酸挿入物を有しているが、CYT-2は挿入物を有していない(18)。CYT-1アイソフォームはホスホイノシチド3-キナーゼ(PI3-K)へのカップリングを媒介できるが、CYT-2アイソフォームはできない(20、21)。
本発明の一態様は、HER4のJM-aアイソフォームに特異的に結合する抗体を提供する。一実施態様では、抗体は、JM-a膜近傍領域を含むインタクトな完全長HER4レセプター並びに可溶性HER4外部ドメインの双方に特異的に結合する。他の実施態様では、抗体は、NGPTSHDCIYYPWTGHSTLPQHA 配列番号:1を含むアミノ酸配列に特異的に結合する。他の実施態様では、抗体は、アミノ酸配列NGPTSHDCIYYPWTGHSTLPQHA(配列番号:1)に特異的に結合する。
本発明は抗体断片を包含する。抗体断片は伝統的な手段、例えば酵素消化、又は組換え技術により産生可能である。ある状況では、全抗体よりも抗体断片を使用する方が有利な場合もある。より小さいサイズの断片は、急速なクリアランスが可能であり、固形腫瘍への改善されたアクセスに至る可能性がある。ある種の抗体断片の概説については、Hudson等 (2003) Nat. Med. 9:129-134を参照。
本発明はヒト化抗体を包含する。非ヒト抗体をヒト化するための様々な方法が、当該分野で知られている。例えば、ヒト化抗体は非ヒトである供給源からその中に導入される一又は複数のアミノ酸残基を有している場合がある。これら非ヒトアミノ酸残基は、しばしば、典型的には「移入」可変ドメインから得られる「移入」残基と称される。ヒト化は、ヒト抗体の対応する配列に高頻度可変領域配列を置換することにより、Winter及び共同研究者(Jones等 (1986) Nature, 321:522-525;Riechmann等 (1988) Nature, 332:323-327;Verhoeyen等 (1988) Science, 239:1534-1536)の方法に従って本質的に実施できる。従って、このような「ヒト化」抗体は、インタクトなヒト可変ドメインより実質的に少ない分が非ヒト種由来の対応する配列で置換されたキメラ抗体(米国特許第4816567号)である。実際には、ヒト化抗体は典型的には幾つかの高頻度可変領域残基と場合によっては幾つかのFR残基が齧歯類抗体の類似する部位からの残基によって置換されたヒト抗体である。
本発明のヒト抗体は、上に記載したような、既知のヒト定常ドメイン配列と、ヒト由来のファージディスプレイライブラリーから選択されるFvクローン可変ドメイン配列とを組合せることにより、構築することができる。また、本発明のヒトモノクローナル抗体はハイブリドーマ法によっても作製することができる。ヒトモノクローナル抗体の産生のためのヒト骨髄腫及びマウス-ヒトヘテロ骨髄腫細胞株は、例えばKozbor J. Immunol., 133: 3001 (1984);Brodeur等, Monoclonal Antibody Production Techniques and Applications, pp. 51-63 (Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1987);及び Boerner等, J. Immunol., 147: 86 (1991)に記載されている。
二重特異性抗体は、少なくとも2つの異なる抗原に対する結合特異性を有するモノクローナル抗体である。ある実施態様では、二重特異性抗体はヒト又はヒト化抗体である。ある実施態様では、一方の結合特異性はHER4 JM-aアイソフォームに対してであり、他方は任意の他の抗原に対してである。ある実施態様では、二重特異性抗体は、HER4 JM-aアイソフォームの2つの異なるエピトープに結合可能である。また、二重特異性抗体は、HER4 JM-aアイソフォームを発現する細胞に細胞傷害剤を局在化させるために使用することもできる。これらの抗体はHER4 JM-aアイソフォーム-結合アームを有し、該アームは、細胞傷害剤、例えばサポリン、抗インターフェロン-α、ビンカアルカロイド、リシンA鎖、メトトレキセート又は放射性同位体ハプテンと結合する。二重特異性抗体は全長抗体又は抗体断片(例えばF(ab')2二重特異性抗体)として調製することができる。
多価抗体は、抗体が結合する抗原を発現する細胞により、二価抗体よりも素早く内部移行(及び/又は異化)することができる。本発明の抗体は、3又はそれ以上の抗原結合部位を有する多価抗体(IgMクラス以外のもの)であってよく、抗体のポリペプチド鎖をコードする核酸の組換え発現により、容易に産生させることができる。多価抗体は、二量体化ドメインと、3又はそれ以上の抗原結合部位を有することができる。ある実施態様では、二量体化ドメインはFc領域又はヒンジ領域を含む(又はからなる)。この状況において、抗体は、Fc領域と、Fc領域に3又はそれ以上の抗原結合部位アミノ末端を含むであろう。ある種の実施態様では、多価抗体は、3から約8の抗原結合部位を含む(又はからなる)。このような一実施態様では、多価抗体は4の抗原結合部位を含む(又はからなる)。多価抗体は少なくとも一のポリペプチド鎖(例えば、2つのポリペプチド鎖)を含み、ここでポリペプチド鎖(類)は2又はそれ以上の可変ドメインを含む。例えば、ポリペプチド鎖は、VD1-(X1)n-VD2-(X2)n-Fcを含み、ここでVD1は第1の可変ドメインであり、VD2は第2の可変ドメインであり、FcはFc領域の一ポリペプチド鎖であり、X1及びX2はアミノ酸又はポリペプチドを表し、nは0又は1である。例えば、ポリペプチド鎖は、VH-CH1-可動性リンカー-VH-CH1-Fc領域鎖;又はVH-CH1-VH-CH1-Fc領域鎖を含むことができる。ここで、多価抗体は、少なくとも2(例えば4)の軽鎖可変ドメインポリペプチドをさらに含むことができる。ここで多価抗体は、例えば約2から約8の軽鎖可変ドメインポリペプチドを含むことができる。ここで考慮される軽鎖可変ドメインポリペプチドは、軽鎖可変ドメインを含み、場合によっては、CLドメインをさらに含む。
いくつかの実施態様では、本発明の抗体は単一ドメイン抗体である。単一ドメイン抗体は、抗体の重鎖可変ドメインの全て又は一部、もしくは軽鎖可変ドメインの全て又は一部を含む、単一のポリペプチド鎖である。ある実施態様では、単一ドメイン抗体はヒト単一ドメイン抗体である(Domantis, Inc., Waltham, MA;例えば、米国特許第6248516B1号を参照)。一実施態様では、単一ドメイン抗体は、抗体の重鎖可変ドメインの全て又は一部からなる。
いくつかの実施態様では、ここに記載された抗体のアミノ酸配列の修飾を考える。例えば、抗体の結合親和性及び/又は生物学的特性を改善することが望ましい。抗体のアミノ酸配列変異体は、抗体をコードするヌクレオチドに適切な変化を導入して、又はペプチド合成により調製することができる。そのような修飾は、抗体のアミノ酸配列内の残基の、例えば、欠失型、及び/又は挿入及び/又は置換を含む。最終構成物が所望する特徴を有していれば、欠失、挿入及び置換をどのように組合せてもよい。アミノ酸変化は、配列が作製されるときに、対象となる抗体アミノ酸配列に導入することができる。
(1)非極性:Ala(A)、Val(V)、Leu(L)、Ile(I)、Pro(P)、Phe(F)、Trp(W)、Met(M)
(2)非荷電極性:Gly(G)、Ser(S)、Thr(T)、Cys(C)、Tyr(Y)、Asn(N)、Gln(Q)
(3)酸性:Asp(D)、Glu(E)
(4)塩基性:Lys(K)、Arg(R)、His(H)
(1)疎水性:ノルロイシン、Met、Ala、Val、Leu、Ile;
(2)中性の親水性:Cys、Ser、Thr、Asn、Gln;
(3)酸性:Asp、Glu;
(4)塩基性:His、Lys、Arg;
(5)鎖配向に影響を及ぼす残基:Gly、Pro;
(6)芳香族:Trp、Tyr、Phe
本発明の抗体は、当該分野で知られ、直ぐに利用できる付加的な非タンパク質部分を含むようにさらに修飾することができる。好ましくは、抗体の誘導体化に適切な部分は水溶性ポリマーである。水溶性ポリマーの非限定的例には、限定されるものではないが、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)、エチレングリコール/プロピレングリコールのコポリマー、カルボキシメチルセルロース、デキストラン、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリ-1,3-ジオキソラン、ポリ-1,3,6-トリオキサン、エチレン/無水マレイン酸のコポリマー、ポリアミノ酸(ホモポリマー又はランダムコポリマー)、及びデキストラン又はポリ(n-ビニルピロリドン)ポリエチレングリコール、プロプロピレングリコールホモポリマー、プロリルプロピレンオキシド/エチレンオキシドのコポリマー、ポリオキシエチレン化ポリオール類(例えばグリセロール)、ポリビニルアルコール、及びそれらの混合物が含まれる。ポリエチレングリコールプロピオンアルデヒドは、水中におけるその安定性のために、製造においては有利でありうる。ポリマーは任意の分子量であってよく、分枝状又は非分枝状でありうる。抗体に結合するポリマーの数は変化し得、1を越えるポリマーが結合されるならば、それらは同じ又は異なる分子でありうる。一般的に、誘導体化に使用されるポリマーの数及び/又はタイプは、限定されるものではないが、抗体誘導体が定められた条件下で治療に使用されるかどうか等に関わらず、改善される抗体の特定の特性又は機能を含む考慮に基づき、決定することができる。
ある種のハイブリドーマベースの方法
本発明のモノクローナル抗体は、Kohler等, Nature, 256:495 (1975)に最初に記載され、さらには、例えばHongo等, Hybridoma, 14 (3): 253-260 (1995), Harlow等, Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 第2版. 1988);Hammerling等, in:Monoclonal Antibodies and T-Cell Hybridomas 563-681 (Elsevier, N.Y., 1981)、及び Ni, Xiandai Mianyixue, 26(4):265-268 (2006)で、ヒト-ヒトハイブリドーマに関するものに記載されているハイブリドーマ法を使用して、作製することができる。さらなる方法には、例えばハイブリドーマ細胞株からのモノクローナルヒト天然IgM抗体の生産に関する、米国特許第7189826号に記載されているものが含まれる。ヒトハイブリドーマ技術(Trioma technology)は、Vollmers 及び Brandlein, Histology and Histopathology, 20(3):927-937 (2005)及びVollmers 及び Brandlein, Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, 27(3):185-91 (2005)に記載されている。
本発明の抗体は、所望の活性を有する抗体をスクリーニングするためのコンビナトリアルライブラリーを使用して、作製することができる。例えば、ファージディスプレイライブラリーを作製し、所望の結合特性を有する抗体についてそのようなライブラリーをスクリーニングするための種々の方法が、当該分野で知られている。このような方法は、一般的にHoogenboom等 Methods in Molecular Biology 178:1-37 (O'Brienら編, Human Press, Totowa, NJ, 2001)に記載されている。例えば、関心ある抗体を産生するための一方法は、Lee等, J. Mol. Biol. (2004), 340(5):1073-93に記載されているような、ファージ抗体ライブラリーの使用を介してなされる。
抗体は、組換え方法を使用して産生することもできる。抗HER4 JM-aアイソフォーム抗体の組換え生産では、抗体をコードする核酸が単離され、さらなるクローニング(DNAの増幅)又は発現のために複製可能なベクター中に挿入される。抗体をコードするDNAは容易に単離され、一般的な手順を使用して(例えば、抗体の重鎖及び軽鎖をコードする遺伝子に特異的に結合可能なオリゴヌクレオチドプローブを使用することにより)、配列決定される。多くのベクターが利用可能である。ベクター成分としては、一般に、限定されるものではないが、次のものの一又は複数が含まれる:シグナル配列、複製開始点、一又は複数のマーカー遺伝子、エンハンサーエレメント、プロモーター、及び転写終結配列。
本発明の抗体は、直接的に組換え的に生産されるだけではなく、好ましくはシグナル配列あるいは成熟タンパク質あるいはポリペプチドのN末端に特異的な切断部位を有する他のポリペプチドである異種性ポリペプチドとの融合ポリペプチドとしても生産されうる。選択された異種シグナル配列は、好ましくは宿主細胞により認識され、プロセシング(すなわち、シグナルペプチターゼによる切断)されるものである。天然抗体シグナル配列を認識せず、プロセシングしない原核生物宿主細胞では、シグナル配列は、例えばアルカリホスファターゼ、ペニシリナーゼ、lppあるいは熱安定性エンテロトキシンIIリーダーの群から選択される原核生物シグナル配列により置き換えられる。酵母菌の分泌では、天然シグナル配列は、例えば酵母インベルターゼリーダー、α因子リーダー(酵母菌属(Saccharomyces)及びクルイベロマイシス(Kluyveromyces)α因子リーダーを含む)、又は酸ホスフォターゼリーダー、白体(C.albicans)グルコアミラーゼリーダー、又は国際公開第 90/13646号に記載されているシグナルにより置き換えられうる。哺乳動物細胞の発現では、哺乳動物シグナル配列並びにウイルス分泌リーダー、例えば単純ヘルペスgDシグナルが利用可能である。
発現及びクローニングベクターは双方とも一又は複数の選択された宿主細胞においてベクターの複製を可能にする核酸配列を含む。一般的に、クローニングベクター中において、この配列は、染色体DNAとは独立してベクターの複製を可能にするものであり、複製開始点又は自己複製配列を含む。そのような配列は、様々な細菌、酵母菌及びウイルスに対してよく知られている。プラスミドpBR322からの複製開始点は大部分のグラム陰性細菌に適しており、2μプラスミド開始点は酵母に適しており、様々なウイルス開始点(SV40、ポリオーマ、アデノウイルス、VSV又はBPV)は哺乳動物細胞におけるクローニングベクターに有用である。一般的に、複製開始点の成分は哺乳動物発現ベクターに必要ではない(SV40開始点は、それが初期プロモーターを含むためだけから、典型的に使用されうる)。
発現及びクローニングベクターは、選択可能なマーカーとも称される選択遺伝子を含みうる。典型的な選択遺伝子は、(a)アンピシリン、ネオマイシン、メトトレキセートあるいはテトラサイクリンのような抗生物質あるいは他の毒素に耐性を与え、(b)栄養要求性欠陥を補い、又は(c)例えばバシリに対する遺伝子コードD-アラニンラセマーゼのような、複合培地から得られない重要な栄養素を供給するタンパク質をコードする。
発現及びクローニングベクターは、一般的に、宿主生物によって認識され、抗体をコードする核酸に作用可能に結合したプロモーターを含む。原核生物宿主での使用に好適なプロモーターには、phoAプロモーター、β-ラクタマーゼ及びラクトースプロモーター系、アルカリホスファターゼプロモーター、トリプトファン(trp)プロモーター系、及びハイブリッドプロモーター、例えばtacプロモーターが含まれる。細菌系で使用するプロモータもまた抗体をコードするDNAと作用可能に結合したシャイン-ダルガーノ(S.D.)配列を含むであろう。
より高等な真核生物によるこの発明の抗体をコードするDNAの転写は、しばしば、ベクター中にエンハンサー配列を挿入することによって増強される。哺乳動物遺伝子由来の多くのエンハンサー配列が現在知られている(グロビン、エラスターゼ、アルブミン、α-フェトプロテイン及びインスリン)。しかしながら、典型的には、真核細胞ウィルス由来のエンハンサーが用いられるであろう。例としては、複製開始点の後期側のSV40エンハンサー(100-270塩基対)、サイトメガロウィルス初期プロモーターエンハンサー、複製開始点の後期側のポリオーマエンハンサー及びアデノウィルスエンハンサーが含まれる。真核生物プロモーターの活性化のためのエレメントの増強については、Yaniv, Nature 297:17-18 (1982)を参照。エンハンサーは、抗体をコードする配列の5'又は3'位でベクター中にスプライシングされ得るが、好ましくはプロモーターから5'位に位置している。
また真核生物宿主細胞(酵母菌、真菌、昆虫、植物、動物、ヒト、又は他の多細胞生物由来の有核細胞)に用いられる発現ベクターは、転写の終結及びmRNAの安定化に必要な配列も含む。このような配列は、真核生物又はウィルスのDNA又はcDNAの通常は5'、時には3'の非翻訳領域から取得できる。これらの領域は、抗体をコードするmRNAの非翻訳部分にポリアデニル化断片として転写されるヌクレオチドセグメントを含む。他の有用な転写終結成分は、ウシ成長ホルモンポリアデニル化領域である。国際公開第94/11026号及びここに開示の発現ベクターを参照。
ここのベクターにDNAをクローニングあるいは発現するために適切な宿主細胞は、上述した原核生物、酵母菌、又は高等真核生物細胞である。この目的にとって適切な原核生物は、真正細菌、例えばグラム陰性又はグラム陽性生物、特に大腸菌類、例えば大腸菌、エンテロバクター、エルウィニア、クレブシエラ、プロテウス(Proteus)、サルモネラ、例えばネズミチフス菌、セラチア、例えば、セラチア・マルセサンス(Serratia marcescans) 、及び赤痢菌、並びに桿菌、例えばバシリ・スブチリス(B. subtilis)及びバシリ・リチェニフォルミス(B. licheniformis)(例えば、1989年4月12日公開のDD266710に記載されたバシリリチェニフォルミス41P)、シュードモナス、例えば緑膿菌及びストレプトマイセスなどの腸内細菌科を含む。好ましい大腸菌クローニング宿主は大腸菌294(ATCC 31446)であるが、他の菌株、例えば大腸菌B、大腸菌X1776(ATCC 31537)、及び大腸菌株W3110(ATCC 27325)も適している。これらの例は限定というよりは、例示的なものである。
この発明の抗体の生成に使用される宿主細胞は、様々な培地で培養されてよい。商業的に入手可能な培地、例えばハム(Ham)のF10(Sigma)、最小必須培地((MEM)、Sigma)、RPMI-1640(Sigma)及びダルベッコの改良イーグル培地((DMEM)、Sigma)が、宿主細胞の培養に適している。さらに、Ham等, Meth. Enz. 58:44(1979)、Barnes等, Anal. Biochem.102:255(1980)、米国特許第4767704号;同4657866号;同4927762号;同4560655号;又は同5122469号;国際公開第90/03430号;国際公開第87/00195号;又は米国再発行特許第30985号に記載されている任意の培地も、宿主細胞用の培養培地として使用可能である。これらの培地はいずれも、ホルモン及び/又は他の増殖因子(例えばインスリン、トランスフェリン、又は表皮増殖因子)、塩類(例えば、塩化ナトリウム、カルシウム、マグネシウム及びリン酸塩)、バッファー(例えばHEPES)、ヌクレオチド(例えばアデノシン及びチミジン)、抗生物質(例えばゲンタマイシンTM剤)、微量元素(最終濃度がマイクロモル範囲で通常存在する無機化合物として定義される)及びグルコース又は同等のエネルギー源を必要に応じて補充することができる。任意の他の必要な補充物質もまた当業者に知られている適当な濃度で含むことができる。培養条件、例えば温度、pH等々は、発現のために選ばれた宿主細胞について以前から用いられているものであり、当業者には明らかであろう。
組換え技術を使用する場合、抗体は細胞膜周辺腔で細胞内で産生されるか、あるいは直接培地へ分泌されるかである。第1の工程として、抗体が細胞内で産生される場合、粒子状デブリ、宿主細胞又は溶菌断片のいずれかは、例えば、遠心分離又は限外濾過によって除去される。Carter等, Bio/Technology 10:163-167 (1992)には、大腸菌の細胞膜周辺腔に分泌される、単離された抗体のための手順が記載されている。簡単には、細胞ペーストは、酢酸ナトリウム(pH3.5)、EDTA、及びフェニルメチルスルホニルフルオリド(PMSF)の存在下、約30分以上かけて解凍される。細胞片は遠心分離により除去することができる。抗体が培地に分泌される場合、このような発現システムからの上清は、一般的に商業的に入手可能なタンパク質濃縮フィルター、例えばAmicon又はMillipore Pellicon 限外濾過ユニットを使用して濃縮される。プロテアーゼインヒビター、例えばPMSFは、タンパク質分解を阻害するために、先の工程のいずれかに含めることができ、抗生物質は不定汚染物質の増殖を防止するために含めることができる。
本発明は、また、一又は複数の細胞傷害剤、例えば化学療法剤、薬剤、増殖阻害剤、毒素(例えば、タンパク質毒素、細菌、真菌、植物、又は動物由来の酵素的に活性な毒素、その断片)、又は放射性同位元素(すなわち、放射性コンジュゲート)にコンジュゲートした抗体を含むイムノコンジュゲート(「抗体-薬剤コンジュゲート」又は「ADC」と交換可能に称される)を提供する。
いくつかの実施態様では、イムノコンジュゲートは、一又は複数のメイタンシノイド分子がコンジュゲートした抗体(全長又は断片)を含む。
いくつかの実施態様では、イムノコンジュゲートは、ドラスタチン又はドロスタチン(dolostatin)ペプチドアナログ及び誘導体、オーリスタチン(米国特許第5635483号;米国特許第5780588号)にコンジュゲートした抗体を含む。ドラスタチン及びオーリスタチンは、微小管動態、GTP加水分解、及び核及び細胞分割に干渉することが示されており(Woyke等 (2001) Antimicrob. Agents and Chemother. 45(12):3580-3584)、また抗癌性(米国特許第5663149号)及び抗真菌活性(Pettitら (1998) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42:2961-2965)を有している。ドラスタチン又はオーリスタチンの薬剤部分は、ペプチド薬剤部分のN(アミノ)末端又はC(カルボキシル)末端を介して、抗体に結合されうる(国際公開第02/088172号)。
他の実施態様では、イムノコンジュゲートは、一又は複数のカリケアマイシン分子にコンジュゲートした抗体を含む。カリケアマイシンファミリーの抗生物質は、サブ-ピコモル濃度での二本鎖DNAを破壊可能である。カリケアマイシンファミリーのコンジュゲートの調製については、米国特許第5712374号、同5714586号、同5739116号、同5767285号、同5770701号、同5770710号、同5773001号、同5877296号(全てAmerican Cyanamid Company)を参照。使用可能なカリケアマイシンの構造的アナログには、限定されるものではないが、γ1I、α2I、α3I、N-アセチル-γ1I、PSAG及びθI1(Hinman等, Cancer Research 53:3336-3342 (1993), Lode等, Cancer Research 58:2925-2928 (1998)、及び上述したAmerican Cyanamidの米国特許)が含まれる。抗体がコンジュゲート可能な他の抗腫瘍剤は、葉酸代謝拮抗剤であるQFAである。カリケアマイシンとQFAの双方は、細胞内作用部位を有しており、細胞膜を容易に通過できない。よって、抗体媒介性の内部移行を介したこれらの薬剤の細胞取り込みは、その細胞傷害効果を大きく亢進する。
抗体にコンジュゲート可能な他の抗腫瘍剤は、BCNU、ストレプトゾシン、ビンクリスチン、及び5-フルオロウラシル、米国特許第5053394号、同5770710号に記載された集合的にLL-E33288複合体として知られている薬剤のファミリー、並びにエスペラミシン(米国特許第5877296号)を含む。
抗体薬剤コンジュゲート(ADC)では、抗体(Ab)は、リンカー(L)を介して、一又は複数の薬剤部分(D)、例えば抗体当たり約1から約20の薬剤部分にコンジュゲートされる。式IのADCは、(1)二価のリンカー試薬と抗体の求核基とを反応させ、共有結合を介してAb-Lを形成させ、続いて薬剤部分と反応させ;(2)二価のリンカー試薬と薬剤部分の求核基とを反応させ、共有結合を介してD-Lを形成させ、続いて抗体の求核基と反応させることを含む、当業者に知られている有機化学反応、条件、及び試薬を使用し、いくつかの経路により調製することができる。ADCを調製するためのさらなる方法を、ここに記載する。
Ab-(L-D)p I
ここに記載の抗体は、前癌性、非転移性、及び癌性腫瘍(例えば、初期段階の癌)を含む癌の治療、又は例えば乳癌のような癌の発病の危険性がある被験者の処置に使用することができる。また、抗体及び抗体断片は非悪性疾患、例えば自己免疫及び神経障害の治療又は予防に使用可能である。
本発明の他の態様は、HER4 JM-aアイソフォームの存在を決定する方法を提供する。一実施態様では、HER4 JM-aアイソフォームの存在は、JM-aアイソフォームの発現を検出することにより測定される。一実施態様では、HER4 JM-aアイソフォームの発現は、JM-aアイソフォームポリペプチドの存在を検出することにより測定される。一実施態様では、HER4 JM-aアイソフォームの発現は、JM-aアイソフォームポリヌクレオチドの存在を検出することにより測定される。他の実施態様では、HER4 JM-aアイソフォームの発現は、脱落したHER4外部ドメインの存在を検出することによって測定される。
(a)放射性同位元素、例えば35S、14C、125I、3H、及び131I。抗体は、Current Protocols in Immunology, Volumes 1 and 2, Coligen等編 Wiley-Interscience, New York, New York, Pubs. (1991)に記載の技術を使用し、放射性同位元素で標識することができ、例えばシンチレーション測定を使用し、放射性を測定することができる。
(b)コロイド金粒子
(c)限定されるものではないが、希土類キレート剤(ユーロピウムキレート剤)、テキサスレッド、ローダミン、フルオレセイン、ダンシル、リサミン(Lissamine)、ウンベリフェロン、フィコクリセリン(phycocrytherin)、フィコシアニン、又は商業的に入手可能なフルオロフォア、例えばSPECTRUM ORANGE7 及び SPECTRUM GREEN7、及び/又は上述した任意の一又は複数の誘導体を含む蛍光標識。蛍光標識は、例えば上掲のCurrent Protocols in Immunologyに開示されている技術を使用して、抗体にコンジュゲートすることができる。蛍光は蛍光計を使用して定量することができる。
(d)様々な酵素−基質標識が利用でき、米国特許第4275149号は、これらの幾つかの概説を提供している。酵素は一般に様々な技術を用いて測定可能な色素原基質の化学変換を触媒する。例えば、酵素は基質における色変化を触媒し、それは分光学的に測定可能である。あるいは、酵素は基質の蛍光又は化学発光を変化させうる。蛍光変化を定量する技術を上述する。化学発光基質は化学反応によって電子的に励起され、ついで(例えば化学発光計を用いて)測定可能な光を放出するか、又は蛍光受容体にエネルギーを供与する。酵素標識の例には、ルシフェラーゼ(例えば、ホタルルシフェラーゼ及び細菌ルシフェラーゼ;米国特許第4737456号)、ルシフェリン、2,3-ジヒドロフタラジンジオン、リンゴ酸塩デヒドロゲナーゼ、ウレアーゼ、西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼ(HRPO)等のペルオキシダーゼ、アルカリホスファターゼ、β-ガラクトシダーゼ、グルコアミラーゼ、リソザイム、糖類オキシダーゼ(例えば、グルコースオキシダーゼ、ガラクトースオキシダーゼ、及びグルコース-6-ホスフェートデヒドロゲナーゼ)、ヘテロ環オキシダーゼ(ウリカーゼ及びキサンチンオキシダーゼ等)、ラクトペルオキシダーゼ、ミクロペルオキシダーゼ等が含まれる。酵素を抗体にコンジュゲートさせる技術は、O'Sullivan等, Methods for the Preparation of Enzyme-Antibody Conjugates for use in Enzyme Immunoassay, in Methods in Enzym. (J. Langone及びH. Van Vunakis編), Academic press, New York, 73:147-166 (1981)に記載されている。
(i)西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼ(HRPO)と基質としての過酸化水素で、過酸化水素が染料前駆物質(例えば、オルトフェニレンジアミン(OPD)又は3,3',5,5'-テトラメチルベンジジン塩酸塩(TMB))を酸化する;
(ii)アルカリホスファターゼ(AP)と色素原基質としてのパラ-ニトロフェニルホスフェート;及び
(iii)β-D-ガラクトシダーゼ(β-D-Gal)と色素原基質(例えば、p-ニトロフェニル-β-D-ガラクトシダーゼ)又は蛍光原基質(例えば、4-メチルウンベリフェリル-β-D-ガラクトシダーゼ)。
本発明の治療用抗体-薬剤コンジュゲート(ADC)の薬学的製剤は、典型的には、単位用量の滅菌注射用形態で、非経口投与、すなわち薬学的に許容可能な非経口用ビヒクルと共に、ボーラス、静脈内、腫瘍内注射用に調製される。所望の純度を有する抗体-薬剤コンジュゲート(ADC)は、凍結乾燥製剤又は水溶液の形態で、場合によっては薬学的に許容可能な希釈剤、担体、賦形剤又は安定化剤(Remington:The Science and Practice of Pharmacy 第21版 (2005)編. Univ. of the Sciences Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)と混合される。
本発明の抗体は、抗癌性を有する第2の化合物と、併用治療として、薬学的組合せ製剤又は投与レジメンに組合せることができる。薬学的組合せ製剤又は投与レジメンの第2の化合物は、互いに悪影響を及ぼさないように、組合せの抗体に対して相補活性を有しうる。
本発明の他の実施態様では、上述の疾患の処置に有用な物質を含む製造品又は「キット」が提供される。製造品は容器と該容器上の又はそれに付随したラベル又はパッケージ挿入物を含んでなる。パッケージ挿入物は、治療用生成物の市販パッケージに慣習的に含まれる使用説明書を意味し得、このような治療用生成物の使用に関する表示、使用法、用量、投与法、禁忌及び/又は警告についての情報を含む。好適な容器には、例えば、ビン、バイアル、シリンジ、ブリスターパック等が含まれる。容器は、ガラス又はプラスチックなどの様々な材料から形成されうる。
次の材料がアメリカン・タイプ・カルチャー・コレクション,10801 ユニバーシティ・ブルバード、マナッサス、バージニア20110-2209米国(ATCC)に寄託されている:
材料 ATCC寄託番号 寄託日
Her-4 1H10.1E5 PTA-9655 2008年12月11日
抗HER4抗体
特定のオリゴヌクレオチドを、HER4 DNA配列に基づき合成した(30)。全ての細胞RNAをMDA-MB-453細胞から抽出し、RT PCRにおいて鋳型として使用し、ヒトHER4細胞外ドメイン(ECD)コード化配列を生じせしめた。
正常なヒトの心臓及び肝臓の凍結切片を、電気ショックで死亡した4才の男児から得た。同じ患者からの組織学的に正常な末梢組織とヒト乳癌を表す17のスナップ凍結された組織試料対が、親切にも、Dr. Manolo M. Morente, Spanish National Tumour Bank Network, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spainから提供された。全ての組織試料の使用は、Institutional Review Boardにより承認されており、インフォームドコンセントは、全ての試験被験者から得られた。
EGFR、HER2又はHER3(31)を発現するCOS-7,NIH 3T3-7d形質移入体及びHEK293 EBNA(Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA)細胞を、10%のFCS(Autogen Bioclear UK Ltd., Wiltshire, UK)、及び1%のL-グルタミン-ペニシリン-ストレプトマイシン溶液(Sigma-Aldrich)が補填されたRPMI中のDMEM、及びT-47D及びMCF-7細胞に維持した。
発現プラスミドpcDNA3.1HER4JM-aCYT-2、pcDNA3.1HER4JM-bCYT-2、pcDNA3.1IHER4JM-aCYT-2-HA及びpcDNA3.1HER4JM-bCYT-2-HA(26、32)を使用し、COS-7細胞において、カルボキシ末端赤血球凝集素(HA)エピトープタグを伴うか又は伴わないでHER4アイソフォームを一過性に発現させた。キナーゼデッドHER4コンストラクトを産生するために、HER4のキナーゼドメイン内の推定ATP結合部位を、部位特異的突然変異誘発キット(Stratagene)を使用して、pcDNA3.1HER4JM-aCYT-2において変異させ(K751R)、pcDNA3.1HER4JM-aCYT-2-K751Rを得た。pcDNA3.1HER4ECD HER4外部ドメインコード化配列を、5'-プライマーTTG GTA CCG CAC CAT GAA GCC GGC GAC AGG AC(配列番号:3)及び3'-プライマーT TAT CTC GAG TTA GTG ATG GTG ATG GTG ATG TTG TGG TAA AGT GGA ATG(配列番号:4)を使用するPCRにより、全長pcDNA3.1HER4JM-aCYT-1から誘導した。5'-プライマーは、HER4配列の開始コドンの前にKpn I制限エンドヌクレアーゼ認識配列及びリボソーム結合配列を導入した。3'-プライマーは、HER4 JM-a(23)の最後の細胞外アミノ酸His647の後に、ヘキサヒスタジンコード化配列、新しい停止コドン、及びXhoIエンドヌクレアーゼ認識配列を導入した。
24-ウェルプレート(4×104)又は6-ウェルプレート(1.5×105)に播種された細胞に、製造者のプロトコルに従い、FuGENE6形質移入試薬(Roche, Mannheim, Germany)を使用し、0.5−1ugの適切なプラスミドを形質移入させた。
cDNA3.1HER4ECDを形質移入したHEK293 EBNA細胞を、150ug/mlのハイグロマイシンB(Roche)を含む培地中で選択し、クローニング後、75ug/mlのハイグロマイシンBの存在下で維持した。培地から可溶性外部ドメインを回収する前に、細胞を、0.5%のFCSを含むDMEM中で培養した。HIS-タグ外部ドメインを、段階的なpH勾配にて、固定化された金属キレートアフィニティークロマトグラフィー(GE Healthcare, Chalfont St. Giles, UK)により、収集した培養培地から精製した。
モノクローナル抗HER4抗体のアイソフォーム特異性を研究するするために、COS-7細胞に、pcDNA3.1HER4JM-aCYT-2、pcDNA3.1HER4JM-bCYT-2、又はpcDNA3.1ベクターを、一過性に形質移入させた。24時間後、細胞を氷冷PBSで洗浄し、溶解バッファー(1%のトリトンX-100、10mMのトリス-HCL(pH7.4)、1mMのEDTA、2mMのフェニルメチルスルホニルフルオリド、10ug/mlのアプロチニン、10ug/mlのロイペプチン、1mMのオルトバナジン酸ナトリウム、10mMのフッ化ナトリウム、及び10mMのリン酸ナトリウム)に溶解させ、遠心分離した。上清を、ジチオスレイトール(DTT)を伴い又は伴わず、試料バッファー中で5分間、沸騰させるか、そうでなければ95℃で、先に記載したように、SDS-PAGE及びウエスタンブロットにより分析した(21)。NIH 3T3-7d形質移入体におけるErbB発現を、次の一次抗体:抗EGFR(sc-03)、抗HER2(sc-284)、抗HER3(sc-285)(全てSanta Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CAからのもの)、及びmAb1479を使用し、非還元条件下でウエスタンブロットにより分析した。
COS-7細胞をカバースリップ上で増殖させ、pcDNA3.1HER4JM-aCYT-2-HA、pcDNA3.1HER4JM-bCYT-2-HA、又はpcDNA3.1ベクターコントロールを形質移入させた。形質移入の24時間後、細胞をメタノールで固定し、1:100の希釈度で、抗HER4(HFR-1;Neomarkers, Fremont, CA)又は抗HA(Roche)で染色し、続いて1:250の希釈度で、Alexa Fluor 488ヤギ抗マウス又はAlexa Fluor 568ヤギ抗ラット(双方ともMolecular Probes, Leiden, The Netherlandsからのもの)と共にインキュベートした。カバースリップにVectashieldマウント培地(Vector Laboratories, Inc., Burlingame, CA)をマウントした。全ての画像はOlympus BX60 (Olympus, Hamburg, Germany)蛍光顕微鏡で得た。
凍結切片(5uM)を、20ug/mlの一次抗体mAb1479、抗HER4(HFR−1)、抗CD44(Hermes-3;Dr. Sirpa Jalkanen, University of Turku, Turku, Finlandから提供を受ける)、又はチキンT-細胞抗原を認識する抗体(3g6;Dr. Sirpa Jalkanenから提供を受ける)、及び二次抗体 Alexa Fluor 488ヤギ抗マウス(1:200)又はHRP-コンジュゲートヤギ抗マウス(1:100;Santa Cruz Biotechnology)を使用して染色した。ペルオキシダーゼ染色では、切片を、製造者の使用説明書に従い、DABペルオキシダーゼ基質で処理し(Vector Laboratories)た後、ヘマトキシリンで染色した。免疫蛍光染色では、切片を25mg/mlの1,4-ジアザビシクロ[2.2.2.]オクタン](Sigma-Aldrich)で処理し、光脱色を防止した。全てのスライドにmowiol (Calbiochem)をマウントし、Olympus BX60蛍光顕微鏡により可視化させた。
組換えHIS-タグ化HER4外部ドメイン(2ug)を、0.5ugのmAb1479又は3g6と共に又はそれを伴わずにインキュベートした。外部ドメインと他のタンパク質との間の複合体形成を、非還元条件下で、抗ペンタHIS抗体(Molecular Probes)を用いたウエスタンブロットにより可視化した。
HER4切断に対するmAb1479の効果を研究するために、T-47D細胞を血漿なしに2時間欠乏させ、1μg/mlのmAb1479で1時間処理し、100ng/mlのホルボール13-ミリステート-12-アセテート(PMA;Sigma-Aldrich)(23,33)で切断を刺激した。
COS-7細胞をカバースリップ上で増殖させ、pcDNA3.1HER4JM-aCYT-2、又はキナーゼデッドpcDNA3.1HER4JM-aCYT-2K751R (32)及びRab5a-GFP(34)を形質移入させた。形質移入から24時間後、細胞を5分又は2時間、1ug/mlのmAb1479で処理した。細胞をメタノールで固定し、Alexa Fluor 568ヤギ抗マウスで染色した。カバースリップにVectashieldマウント培地をマウントした。画像はLSM 510 Meta 共焦点顕微鏡(Carl Zeiss, Inc., Thornwood, NY)で得た。
T-47D及びMCF-7細胞を一晩欠乏させ、5%のチャコールストリップFCS、及び1ug/mlのmAb1479又は10ug/mlの2C4(Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA)を含むRPMIにおいて96-ウェルプレートに播種した(1.5×104/ウェル)。生存細胞数を、製造者の使用説明書に従い、CellTiter 96(登録商標)非放射性細胞増殖アッセイ(Promega, Madison, WI)を用い、示された時点で推定した。
2mlのRPMI、0.5%のBacto寒天、及び10%のFCSからなる底層を、6-ウェルプレートに塗布した。底層を固化させた後、1ug/mlのmAb1479を有するか又は有さない、1.2mlのRPMI、0.33%のBacto寒天、及び10%のFCS中に30000細胞/ウェルからなる上層を、頂部に塗布した。全試料を3組調製した。細胞を14日間、37℃でインキュベートした。8細胞より大きなコロニーを、顕微鏡下で計数した。
MTS及び軟寒天アッセイの異なる時点での統計的分析のために、スチューデントt検定を使用した。分析は、5つの独立したMTS、及び3つの独立した軟寒天実験を含めた。腫瘍対正常組織における全長HER4及びHER4外部ドメインの量を、ウィルコクソン符号順位検定を用い、マッチした腫瘍/正常組織対を使用して比較した。
HER4の外部ドメインに対して抗体を分泌する29のハイブリドーマクローンを、HER4アイソフォームの選択的認識についてスクリーニングした(図2)。モノクローナル抗体のアイソタイピングを、製造者の使用説明書に従い、Zymed (Zymed, So. San Francisco, CA)製のMouse MonoAb ID/SPアイソタイピングキットを使用して実施した。エピトープマッピングをクロスブロッキングELISAにより実施した。HER4 mAbsを、無関係なmAbコントロールと比較して、50%又はそれ以上他のものとの結合をブロックする能力に基づき、エピトープにグループ分けした。HER4 mAbsの特異性を、1μg/mlの濃度で、ELISAプレートでコーティングされたHER2(aa1−645)、HER3(aa1−617)及びHER4(aa1−640)細胞外ドメイン(Genentech, Inc.)に結合するビオチン化HER4mAbsの能力を試験することにより、ELISAで決定した。
mAb1479が、インビボでのHER4 JM-aアイソフォームの発現を選択的に分析するために使用可能であるかどうかに対処するために、ヒト腎臓及び心臓の凍結切片を免疫蛍光染色により評価した。JM-a(腎臓)又はJM-b(心臓)アイソフォーム(23)のいずれかを専ら発現することが示されているので、これらの2つの組織型を選択した。実施例2で検討したインビトロでの特異性に基づいて予想されるように、mAb1479は、腎臓を特異的に染色したが、心臓組織はしなかった。HER4のカルボキシ末端に対するポジティブコントロール抗体(HFR-1)は双方の組織を染色し、ニワトリT細胞タンパク質に対するネガティブコントロール抗体(3g6)を使用した場合は、免疫染色は観察されなかった。膜アンカーCD44タンパク質に対する抗体を使用し、細胞膜コンパートメントを可視化した。mAb1479について観察された染色パターンは、HFR-1について観察されたものとは異なっていた。これは、それらが認識する種々のエピトープにより説明できるが、糸球体細胞の核内でのHER4 ICDの局在化によって示唆されるように、HER4分子が切断され、その外部ドメインが腎臓組織中に脱落するという事実のためである可能性が高い。また、インビボでの腎臓組織中におけるHER4切断に支持されて、腎臓組織可溶化物のウエスタン分析により、mAb1479が2つの主なバンドを認識したことが示された(図6)。一つは、非還元条件下で全長ErbBのサイズに相当する150kDで移動し(図6のレーン1対図3のレーン1を比較せよ)、他方は、組換えHER4外部ドメインのサイズに対応する100kDでより顕著なものである(図6のレーン1対2)。約200kDaで移動する第3のバンドは、組換え外部ドメインでのレーン中の弱いバンドにサイズが類似しており、外部ドメイン二量体を表す。
切断型JM-aアイソフォーム、並びにHER4を切断可能なTACE酵素は、インビボで乳癌組織中において過剰発現され(29)、カルボキシ末端HER4エピトープは、組織化学的に正常な乳腺上皮よりも乳癌組織において、より頻繁に核に局在化している(35)。さらに、HER4免疫反応性の核局在化は、細胞表面免疫反応性と比較した場合、好ましくない生存率に関連している(29)。これらの知見は、HER4切断及び外部ドメイン脱落が、正常な乳房組織と比較して、乳癌において亢進され、切断が生物学的に重要であることを意味している。組織学的に正常な乳房組織の乳癌への形質転換が、HER4外部ドメインの脱落の亢進に関連しているかどうかを試験するために、17のマッチした正常な乳房/乳癌の組織対を、mAb1479を用いてウエスタンブロットにより分析した(図9)。試料対は、癌組織及び組織学的に正常な隣接する組織の双方が入手できた乳癌患者からの凍結組織材料から構成された。非還元条件下で生成されたウエスタンデータは、全長HER4を表す150kDのシグナルと、可溶性外部ドメインを表す100kDのシグナルの強度についてのスコア化した。腫瘍試料の17のうち9(53%)が、適合した正常組織対と比較した場合に、全HER4発現が増加していたことが示された。唯一の腫瘍試料(1/17;6%)は、検出可能なHER4がない正常な乳房組織の6つの試料(6/17;35%)と反対に、比較される検出可能なHER4発現がなかった。また、癌対正常組織における亢進されたHER4タンパク質レベルの同様の知見が、同じ試料対を使用するmAb1479での免疫組織化学によっても得られた。
HER4機能に結合するmAb1479の結果を分析するために、HER4リン酸化を、自然にJM-aアイソフォームを発現するMCF-7乳癌細胞において測定した(26)。MCF-7細胞を、0、1、又は10ug/mlのmAb1479細胞を用い、1、2、又は3時間刺激し、その後50ng/mlのニューレグリン-1(NRG-1)で15分刺激し、HER4のpTyr1284に対するホスホ-特異性抗体を使用して、HER4チロシンリン酸化について分析した。抗HER4(Abcam)及び抗アクチンを用いて、膜を再ブロットした。mAb1479は、NRG-1により刺激される、HER4のリン酸化を有意に抑制した(図11A)。
抗HER2抗体による腫瘍増殖の阻害は、エンドサイトーシスを誘発するmAbの内因的能力に関連していることが示されている(37)。mAb1479は、HER4を発現する細胞の培養培地から迅速に枯渇することが観察されているが、ベクターコントロール細胞の培地からはそうではない。これが、mAbのHER4媒介性内部移行によるものであったかどうかに取り組むために、HER4 JM-aを一過性に発現するCOS-7細胞をmAb1479で処理し、共焦点顕微鏡で分析し、抗体の小細胞局在化を可視化させた。インキュベーションの5分後、mAb1479は主として細胞表面で検出された。しかしながら、2時間の間に、抗体はサイトゾルに内部移行し、緑色蛍光タンパク質(GFP)-タグ化Rab5、細胞内小胞体のマーカーと共に部分的に同時局在化した。JM-bアイソフォームを発現する細胞において、mAb1479の細胞質局在化は観察されなかった。HER4発現に依存性であるが、キナーゼデッドHER4 JM-aコンストラクト(K751R)を一過性に発現するCOS-7細胞を分析した場合、mAb1479が効果的に内部移行したので、mAb1479の内部移行はHER4キナーゼ活性を必要としなかった。
乳癌細胞の増殖に対するmAb1479の効果を研究するために、生存細胞の量を測定するMTSアッセイを、ヒト乳癌細胞株を用いて実施した。mAb1479は、T-47D(P=0.0014)及びMCF-7(P=0.047)細胞の増殖を有意に抑制した(図14)。このアッセイにおいて、示された時間の間、細胞株を、1ug/mlのmAb1479、又はポジティブコントロール抗体2C4(Genentech)で処理した。生存細胞の数をMTS分析により推定した。抗体は、7日の時点での生存細胞数を有意に低減させた(*P<0.05;**P<0.01;***P<0.001;スチューデントt検定、5組の独立した実験を3回実施した)。mAb1479で見られる効果は、他のHERレセプターとのHER2ヘテロ二量体化をブロックする、抗HER2抗体2C4(Genentech)と比較した場合、同様か又はそれ以上であった(39)。
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Claims (30)
- NGPTSHDCIYYPWTGHSTLPQHAのアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドの少なくとも一部に結合する、HER4 JM-aアイソフォームに特異的に結合し、HER4 JM-bアイソフォームに結合しない、単離された抗HER4抗体。
- 請求項1に記載の抗体を産生するハイブリドーマ。
- キメラ、ヒト、又はヒト化抗体である、請求項1に記載の抗体。
- HER4 JM-aアイソフォームに特異的に結合する単離された抗HER4抗体であって、受託番号PTA-9655を有するATCC寄託ハイブリドーマ細胞株により産生されるモノクローナル抗体mAb1479からのVH1、VH2、VH3高頻度可変領域の全て、及び、VL1、VL2、VL3高頻度可変領域の全てを含む断片を含む抗体。
- HER4 JM-aアイソフォームに特異的に結合する、受託番号PTA-9655を有するATCC寄託ハイブリドーマ細胞株により産生されるモノクローナル抗体mAb1479からの重鎖可変領域および軽鎖可変領域を含む、請求項4に記載の単離された抗HER4抗体。
- 抗体がヒト化抗体である、請求項3〜5のいずれか一項に記載の抗体。
- 抗体が親和性成熟している、請求項3〜6のいずれか一項に記載の抗体。
- 受託番号PTA-9655を有するATCC寄託ハイブリドーマ細胞株により産生されるモノクローナル抗体mAb1479又はそのヒト化抗体を含む、単離された抗HER4抗体。
- 抗体が細胞傷害剤に結合している、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の抗体。
- 抗体は、HER4 JM-aアイソフォームに対して特異的ではない抗HER4抗体よりも心毒性が少ない、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の抗体。
- HER4 JM-aアイソフォームを発現する癌細胞の増殖を阻害する薬剤において、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の単離された抗HER4抗体の有効量を含む、薬剤。
- 抗HER4抗体がHER4外部ドメイン脱落を低減する、請求項11に記載の薬剤。
- 癌がHER4 JM-aアイソフォームを発現する患者における癌を治療するための医薬であって、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の抗HER4抗体の治療的有効量を含有する、医薬。
- 抗HER4抗体がHER4外部ドメイン脱落を低減する、請求項13に記載の医薬。
- 癌が、乳癌、卵巣癌、又は髄芽腫である、請求項13又は14に記載の医薬。
- 癌細胞の試料中のHER4 JM-aアイソフォームの存在を検出する方法において、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の抗体に細胞を接触させることを含む方法。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の抗体を患者から単離した試料と接触させることを含む、癌におけるHER4 JM-aアイソフォームの存在を検出する方法。
- 抗HER4抗体がHER4外部ドメインの脱落を低減する、請求項16又は17に記載の方法。
- 癌が、乳癌、卵巣癌、又は髄芽腫である、請求項16〜18のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 癌細胞が同じ組織型の非癌細胞と比較して脱落したHer4外部ドメインレベルが増加した患者において、癌を治療するための医薬であって、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の抗Her4抗体の治療的有効量を含有する、医薬。
- 抗HER4抗体がHER4外部ドメインの脱落を低減する、請求項20に記載の医薬。
- 癌が、乳癌、卵巣癌、又は髄芽腫である、請求項20又は21に記載の医薬。
- 癌患者における癌治療に関連した心毒性リスクを低減するための医薬であって、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の抗HER4抗体の治療的有効量を含有する、医薬。
- 癌がHER4 JM-aアイソフォームを過剰発現している、請求項23に記載の医薬。
- 癌が、同じ組織型の非癌細胞と比較して増加した脱落したHer4外部ドメインレベルを有している、請求項23又は24に記載の医薬。
- 癌が、乳癌、卵巣癌、又は髄芽腫である、請求項23〜25のいずれか一項に記載の医薬。
- 細胞の試料中の脱落したHER4外部ドメインの存在を検出する方法において、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の抗体に細胞を接触させることを含む方法。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の抗体を患者から単離した試料と接触させることを含む、腫瘍における脱落したHER4外部ドメインの存在を検出する方法。
- 腫瘍における脱落したHER4細胞外ドメインのレベルを、非癌性コントロール試料における脱落したHER4外部ドメインのレベルと比較することをさらに含む、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の抗体を含む、HER4 JM-aアイソフォームを発現する癌の診断キット。
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PCT/US2009/065712 WO2010068437A1 (en) | 2008-11-25 | 2009-11-24 | Isoform specific anti-her4 antibodies |
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CA2103323A1 (en) | 1992-11-24 | 1994-05-25 | Gregory D. Plowman | Her4 human receptor tyrosine kinase |
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