JP5848985B2 - 電気化学反応器 - Google Patents
電気化学反応器 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5848985B2 JP5848985B2 JP2012038563A JP2012038563A JP5848985B2 JP 5848985 B2 JP5848985 B2 JP 5848985B2 JP 2012038563 A JP2012038563 A JP 2012038563A JP 2012038563 A JP2012038563 A JP 2012038563A JP 5848985 B2 JP5848985 B2 JP 5848985B2
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- 229910001233 yttria-stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002076 stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 46
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 41
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 29
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 23
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 23
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004453 electron probe microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004121 SrRuO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010344 co-firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Description
12H2O+6CO2+光エネルギ→C6H12O6(ブドウ糖)+6H2O+6O2・・・(1)
2CO2+2Ni→2CO+2NiO・・・(11)
2NiO+4e-→2Ni+2O2-・・・(12)
2CO+2Ni→2NiO+2C・・・(13)
2CO2+2Ni+4e-→2NiO+2C+2O2-・・・(14)
Ru+2O2-→RuO2+4e-・・・(15)
2O2-→O2+4e-・・・(16)
xRu+2xO2-→xRuO2+4xe-・・・(15´)
2(1−x)O2-→(1−x)O2+4(1−x)e-・・・(16´)
xRu+2O2-→xRuO2+(1−x)O2+4e-・・・(17)
2CO2+2Ni+xRu→(1−x)O2+2C+2NiO+xRuO2・・・(18)
2CO+2Ni→2NiO+2C・・・(21)
2NiO+4e-→2Ni+2O2-・・・(22)
2CO+4e-→2C+2O2-・・・(23)
2O2-→O2+4e-・・・(24)
Ru+2O2-→RuO2+4e-・・・(25)
RuO2+2CO→Ru+2CO2・・・(26)
2O2-+2CO→2CO2+4e-・・・(27)
2yO2-→yO2+4ye-・・・(24´)
2(1−y)O2-+2(1−y)CO→2(1−y)CO2+4(1−y)e-・・・(27´)
2O2-+2(1−y)CO→yO2+2(1−y)CO2+4e-・・・(28)
2(2−y)CO→yO2+2C+2(1−y)CO2・・・(29)
第1の実験では、図4に示すように、上記の実施形態と同様の構成の電気化学反応器10を有する電気化学システム20を構築し、この電気化学システム20を用いて電気化学反応器10の特性の調査を行った。
第2の実験では、ポテンショスタット31によりアノード電極11とカソード電極12との間に1Vの電圧を印加した上で、供給ガス51として10%CO−90%Arの混合ガスを50ml/minの流量でカソード電極12側から供給し、アノード電極11側から流れ出たガス(出口ガス)の流量の経時変化を測定した。この結果を図13に示す。また、図14に出口ガスの成分の割合を示し、図15にCOの改質中の電流密度の変化を示す。電流密度は電流計32により測定した。なお、電気化学反応器10の温度(改質温度)は、800℃から400℃まで降下させた。これは、COガスは600℃以下では、次の(2)式で表わされる不均化反応によりC及びCO2に分解されるためである。つまり、第1の実験と同様に、400℃から800℃まで上昇させると、電気化学反応の有無に拘わらず、昇温時にCが析出する虞があるからである。
2CO→C+CO2・・・(2)
第3の実験では、COの改質反応の時間依存性及び再現性を調査した。具体的には、アノード電極11とカソード電極12との間に1Vの電圧を印加した上で、改質温度を800℃として、10%CO−90%Arの混合ガスを50ml/minの流量でカソード電極12側から供給し、アノード電極11側から流れ出たガス(出口ガス)の成分の割合の経時変化を5時間にわたって観察した。この結果を図18に示す。
2Vo・・+2CO→2Oo×+2C+4h・・・・(31)
4h・+2O2-→O2・・・(32)
2Vo・・+2CO+2O2-→2Oo×+2C+O2・・・(33)
2Oo×→2Vo・・+2O2-・・・(34)
2CO→2C+O2・・・(35)
2、12:カソード電極
3、13:電解質膜
Claims (1)
- ニッケル及びイットリア安定化ジルコニアを含有し、二酸化炭素又は一酸化炭素から炭素及び酸化物イオンを生成するカソード電極と、
イットリア安定化ジルコニアを含有し、前記カソード電極により生成された酸化物イオンを透過させる多孔質の電解質膜と、
ルテニウム及びイットリア安定化ジルコニアを含有し、前記電解質膜を透過した酸化物イオンから酸素を生成するアノード電極と、
を有することを特徴とする電気化学反応器。
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JP2013173980A JP2013173980A (ja) | 2013-09-05 |
JP2013173980A5 JP2013173980A5 (ja) | 2015-01-22 |
JP5848985B2 true JP5848985B2 (ja) | 2016-01-27 |
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JPWO2015133410A1 (ja) * | 2014-03-03 | 2017-04-06 | 国立研究開発法人科学技術振興機構 | 電気化学反応器及び複合電気化学反応器 |
JP6898646B2 (ja) * | 2017-09-22 | 2021-07-07 | 国立大学法人 鹿児島大学 | 電気化学反応器、燃料ガスの製造システム及び燃料ガスの製造方法 |
CN111886365B (zh) | 2018-03-29 | 2022-10-21 | 国立研究开发法人科学技术振兴机构 | 电解池及电解装置 |
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US4767518A (en) * | 1986-06-11 | 1988-08-30 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Cermet electrode |
JP2002047591A (ja) * | 2000-07-28 | 2002-02-15 | Japan Atom Energy Res Inst | 電気化学反応装置 |
WO2009157454A1 (ja) * | 2008-06-27 | 2009-12-30 | 国立大学法人 鹿児島大学 | 電気化学反応器及びそれを使用した燃料ガスの製造方法 |
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