JP5848351B2 - Reactive flow static mixer with crossflow obstruction - Google Patents

Description

  Embodiments of the present invention relate to a mixing device for mixing fluid components, such as mixing phosgene and amine in a reactive chemical process.

  The field of conventional mixing devices can be broadly classified into two main areas: dynamic mixers, ie mechanical mixers and static mixers. A dynamic or mechanical mixer relies on some type of moving part or parts to ensure the desired or complete mixing of the components. Static mixers generally do not have conspicuous moving parts, but instead rely on flow characteristics (profiles) and pressure differences within the fluid being mixed to facilitate mixing. The present disclosure primarily relates to static mixers, but can also be used in combination with dynamic mixers.

  Isocyanates are molecules characterized by N = C = O functional groups. Most of the widely used isocyanates are aromatic compounds. Two aromatic isocyanates are widely produced commercially, namely toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). Isocyanates can react with polyols to form polyurethanes. Major polyurethane applications are high quality insulators and rigid foams frequently used in the appliance, automotive and construction industries, and soft foams that can be used in mattress and furniture applications. In addition, aliphatic isocyanates such as hexamethylene diisocyanate are also widely produced and used in special applications such as abrasion coatings and UV resistant coatings.

Mixing is important in the formation of isocyanate. The quality and yield of the isocyanate product depends on the multi-step chemical reaction network. In the first step of the process, a continuous stream of two reactants (amine and phosgene) is mixed. Ultimately, secondary reactions such as reactions between phosgenated products that form urea and other urea derivatives and amines reduce the quality of the product composition. Even if the formation of isocyanate is desired, the secondary reaction yields an undesirable product. Some of these secondary reactions are thought to produce products such as urea and urea derivatives such as carbodiimide and uretonimine. The entire chemical reaction can be explained as follows.

Amine + phosgene → isocyanate + hydrochloric acid + urea + carbodiimide + uretonimine + undesirable product

  A number of known and unknown factors control the nature of the primary reaction, but the formation of undesirable by-products is minimized by increasing the ratio of phosgene to amine, diluting the amine in the solvent, or improving mixing. Can be suppressed. Some of these undesirable by-products are solid and can lead to deposition in the process equipment.

  As a result, the mixer design with inadequate mixing may result in a lower overall yield of the desired product, or by creating a product that plugs or adheres to the reactor system. There may be a need for downtime and / or increased maintenance costs.

  FIG. 1 schematically illustrates the concentration of phosgene in a prior art static mixer. FIG. 1 shows a tubular conduit 3 in which a phosgene stream 1 travels from left to right and an amine stream 2 is injected into the phosgene stream 1 from an injection port 4 formed through a tubular (cylindrical) conduit 3. The fragmentary sectional view of is shown. When amines cross phosgene and react with phosgene, primary and secondary reactions occur. A circle 5 located at a distance L into which the amine stream 1 enters shows a region on the downstream side of the injection port 4 where the phosgene concentration is relatively low (almost zero). Since the reaction between phosgene and amine is exothermic, the area around the circle 5 is hot. Low phosgene concentration and high temperature promote the formation of undesirable secondary reactions and the formation of by-products.

  It would be desirable to have a static mixer that limits the formation of undesirable by-products by improving the mixing of phosgene and amine.

  Embodiments of the present invention relate to a static mixing device that can be used alone or in combination with a dynamic mixer.

  One embodiment of a static mixing device provides a mixing conduit with a cylindrical side wall that defines an internal volume. One or more injection ports are formed through the cylindrical side wall to the internal volume, and one or more flow obstructions (disturbances) are disposed in the internal volume, each flow obstruction being , Aligned upstream of corresponding holes to improve cross-flow (cross-flow, cross-flow) for injection penetration and injection mixing and reduce back-mixing in the mixing conduit.

  Another embodiment of the present invention is disposed within one or more fluid receiving conduits defining one or more outer walls of the annular chamber and a first conduit defining at least an inner wall of the annular chamber. A static mixer is provided comprising the mixing conduit of the present invention, wherein the annular chamber is in fluid communication with one or more outlets of the mixing conduit.

  BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In order that the above features of the present invention may be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, given above as a brief summary, is presented in several embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. As a reference. It should be noted, however, that the attached drawings are merely illustrative of exemplary embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered as limiting the scope of the invention. This is because the present invention may allow other equally effective embodiments.

FIG. 2 schematically illustrates the concentration of phosgene in a prior art static mixer used in the mixing of phosgene and amine. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a mixing conduit for a static mixer according to an embodiment of the present invention. 2B is a perspective view of the mixing conduit of FIG. 2A. FIG. It is sectional drawing of the static mixer by one Embodiment of this invention. 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a mixing conduit having an obstruction attached in one configuration. FIG. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an obstacle for use in a mixing conduit such that the crossflow is further streamlined by the shape of the obstacle in the radial direction, according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an obstacle for use in a mixing conduit such that the crossflow is further streamlined by the shape of the obstacle in the radial direction, according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an obstacle for use in a mixing conduit such that the crossflow is further streamlined by the shape of the obstacle in the radial direction, according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an obstacle for use in a mixing conduit such that the crossflow is further streamlined by the shape of the obstacle in the radial direction, according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an obstacle for use in a mixing conduit such that the crossflow is further streamlined by the shape of the obstacle in the radial direction, according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an obstacle for use in a mixing conduit such that the crossflow is further streamlined by the shape of the obstacle in the radial direction, according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an obstacle for use in a mixing conduit such that the crossflow is further streamlined by the shape of the obstacle in the radial direction, according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of one mechanism for mounting an obstacle in a mixing conduit according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of one mechanism for mounting an obstacle in a mixing conduit according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of one mechanism for mounting an obstacle in a mixing conduit according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of one mechanism for mounting an obstacle in a mixing conduit according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a schematic view of a mixing conduit having a configuration near a central axis, according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a mixing conduit having a configuration near a central axis, according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. It is a figure which shows the attachment of the flow obstruction on the torpedo-shaped central obstruction. 1 is a schematic view of a mixing conduit having a central disk coupled to a vane-shaped flow obstruction that orients the crossflow, according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a schematic view of a mixing conduit having a central disk coupled to a vane-shaped flow obstruction that orients the crossflow, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a mixing conduit having a central disk coupled to a vane-shaped flow obstruction that orients the crossflow, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a mixing conduit having multiple rows of obstacles, according to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a mixing conduit having a complex jet design, according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a mixing conduit having a complex jet design, according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a mixing conduit having a complex jet design, according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a mixing conduit having a complex jet design, according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG.

  To facilitate understanding, identical reference numerals have been used, where possible, to designate identical elements that are common between the figures. It is contemplated that elements disclosed in one embodiment may be advantageously utilized in other embodiments without specific description.

  Embodiments of the present invention relate to a static mixing device for mixing components in applications with or without chemical reactions, where mixing is the rate limiting step and can cause the formation of undesirable products. In particular, embodiments of the present invention provide a mixing device for mixing fluid components such as phosgene and amines during highly reactive chemical reactions.

  The static mixer of the present invention is designed to allow high speed mixing in industrial reaction processes, such as reacting phosgene and MDA to form MDI. Embodiments of the present invention provide a static mixer in which phosgene can wrap the amine stream and minimize secondary reactions. The energy used to mix the fluid is derived from the pressure drop in the mixing device. The static mixer of the present invention improves the jet mixing process that allows for high production rates and maintains a moderate pressure drop to improve product quality.

  Embodiments of the present invention provide that when the first flow merges with a second flow that passes through the conduit and is injected into the conduit by one or more jets formed through the conduit. A certain velocity characteristic (profile) is produced in the first flow, typically the main cross flow. In one embodiment, the first flow velocity characteristic is generated by one or more flow obstructions located upstream in the conduit. The one or more flow obstructions direct a first stream, such as phosgene, around a second stream, such as an amine. The flow obstruction minimizes the phosgene deficient area near the amine jet, and phosgene better wraps the amine stream.

  One embodiment of the invention has a conduit having at least one hole formed through the outer periphery of the conduit and at least one obstacle disposed in the conduit upstream of the at least one hole. Provide a static mixer. Upon mixing, the first flow component flows through the conduit, passes through the at least one obstacle, and then impinges on the second flow entering the conduit through the corresponding at least one hole.

  FIG. 2A is a partial cross-sectional view of a mixing conduit 100 for a static mixer according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2B is a perspective view of the mixing conduit 100 of FIG. 2A.

  The mixing conduit 100 includes a cylindrical side wall 101 that defines an internal volume 107. The first flow 105 is set to enter the internal volume 107 from the inlet end 108 of the mixing conduit 100. The mixing conduit 100 has a central axis 106.

  A plurality of holes 102 are formed through the cylindrical side wall 101 around the outer periphery of the mixing conduit 100. The plurality of holes 102 are configured to inject the second stream 104 into the internal volume 107 of the mixing conduit 100. In one embodiment, the plurality of holes 102 are evenly distributed around the outer periphery of the mixing conduit 100.

  FIG. 2A illustrates that each hole 102 has a tapered shape. This taper shape of the hole 102 allows the second flow 104 to pass more near the central axis 106 as the second flow 104 enters the mixing conduit 100. A speed characteristic is generated at However, other designs of holes 102 may be used. US patent application Ser. No. 11 filed Jul. 7, 2005, at least partially due to a common inventor and published as US Patent Publication No. 2008/0087348, for a static mixer having a tapered bore. / 658,193 is incorporated herein by reference.

  The mixing conduit 100 further comprises a plurality of spokes 103 disposed between the plurality of holes 102 and the inlet end 108 of the mixing conduit 100. Each of the plurality of spokes 103 is aligned with a corresponding hole 102 so as to provide a flow obstruction during the first flow just before the first flow 105 reaches the corresponding hole 102.

In one embodiment, the plurality of spokes 103 are inserted into the mixing conduit 100 through the cylindrical side wall 101. Each spoke 103 may have an inner end portion 103 ₁ and the outer end 103 _2. Inner end 103 ₁ is smaller than the outer end 103 _2, therefore, the outer end 103 _2, after entering the mixing conduit 100 by the inner end portion 103a extending through the cylindrical side wall portion 101, an opening The mixing conduit 100 is sealed with a plug. Since each spoke 103 is directly aligned with the corresponding hole 102, the spoke 103 causes a first flow velocity reduction upstream of the entry of the second flow 104 from each hole 102; Thus, the second stream 104 can penetrate deeper into the interior volume 107 and improve mixing.

  Various factors may be adjusted to improve mixing depending on the processing conditions. For example, the distance 109 between the hole 102 and the spoke 103, the size of each spoke 103, the attachment angle of the spoke 103, the length of each spoke 103, the shape of the spoke 103, and the design of the corresponding hole 102 can be adjusted. Is possible.

  During mixing, the first stream 105 enters the mixing conduit 100 from the inlet end 108 and collides with the plurality of spokes 103. The plurality of spokes 103 shield the second flow 104 downstream of the cross flow of the first flow 105 and increase the speed of the first flow 105 in the space between the second flows from the holes 102. .

  FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a static mixer 150 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Static mixer 150 defines a cross-flow chamber formed by a second flow conduit 155 mounted within a first flow conduit 153 having a longitudinal axis 156. As shown in FIG. 2A, the mixing conduit 100 is such that the mixing conduit 100 is coaxial with the first flow conduit 153 and the plurality of holes 102 are fluids with the second flow conduit 155 and the internal volume 107 of the mixing conduit 100. A first flow conduit 153 is disposed in communication. Mixing conduit 100 defines at least an inner wall portion of an annular chamber formed by conduit walls 154 and 155, which is in fluid communication with one or more outlets of mixing conduit 100. The mixing flow 157 exits the outlet end 158 of the first flow conduit 153 that is coaxial with the mixing conduit 100.

  The mixing conduit 100 isolates the first flow conduit 153 from the second flow conduit 155 so that the second flow 104 only mixes with the second flow 105 through the plurality of holes 102 in the mixing conduit 100. It becomes possible to do. The first stream 105 enters the mixing conduit 100 from the inlet end 152 of the first flow conduit 153, passes through the plurality of spokes 103, and then passes through the plurality of holes 102 to the mixing conduit from the second conduit 155. Mix with the second stream 104 entering 100. Mixing stream 157 exits mixing conduit 100 through outlet end 158. In one embodiment, the flow region in the first flow conduit 153 may vary, for example, to provide a reduction or expansion in flow characteristics.

  It should be noted that the mixing conduit 100 can be used with other mixing devices. A variety of mixing conduits can be used with the static mixer of the present invention.

  4A-4D schematically illustrate various embodiments of a mixing conduit having various obstacles attached at different angles.

  FIG. 4A illustrates a mixing conduit 100a similar to the mixing conduit 100 of FIG. 2A. The mixing conduit 100a has a plurality of spokes 103a mounted parallel to a plane 110 that is perpendicular to the central axis 106 of the mixing conduit 100a. 4B illustrates a mixing conduit 100b having a plurality of spokes 103b mounted at an angle α with respect to the plane 110. FIG. The ends of the plurality of spokes 103b are angled in the downstream direction. FIG. 4C illustrates a mixing conduit 100 c having a plurality of spokes 103 c attached at an angle β with respect to the plane 110. The ends of the plurality of spokes 103d are angled in the upstream direction. FIG. 4D illustrates a mixing conduit 100 d having a plurality of curved spokes 103 d attached to the plane 110. The plurality of spokes 103d are angled in the upstream direction in the outer region of the conduit 100d and are angled in the downstream direction near the center of the conduit 100d. By angling the orientation in combination with the shape of the obstruction, it is possible to further improve the cross-sectional interaction between the first flow and the second flow.

  5A-5G schematically illustrate various embodiments of spokes for use in a mixing conduit according to embodiments of the present invention. Each of FIGS. 5A-5G includes a cross-sectional view and a top view of the spokes. FIG. 5A illustrates a spoke 203a having a circular cross section and a partially tapered end. FIG. 5B illustrates a spoke 203b having an elliptical cross section and a partially tapered end without a head. FIG. 5C illustrates a spoke 203c having a triangular cross section. FIG. 5D illustrates a spoke 203d having a diamond shaped cross section. FIG. 5E illustrates a spoke 203e having a diamond-shaped cross section (saddle shape) without a tapered end. FIG. 5F illustrates a spoke 203f having a teardrop shaped cross section and a fully tapered shape. FIG. 5G illustrates a spoke 203g having an elliptical cross section, with the spoke 203f having a larger inner end than an outer end.

  6A-6D schematically illustrate various mechanisms for mounting an obstacle in a mixing conduit according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 6A, the spoke 103 is simply inserted into the side wall 101 of the mixing conduit 100 and secured therein. The spoke 103 is prevented from moving into the mixing conduit 100 due to the large diameter of one end (103b) attached to the mixing conduit 100 in FIG. 2A. In FIG. 6B, the plurality of spokes 103 are coupled to the central ring 111 inside the mixing conduit 100. The central ring 111 holds the plurality of spokes 103 in place. In one embodiment, the central ring 111 may be a central plate as illustrated in FIG. 7B. In FIG. 6C, two concentric central rings 111, 112 inside the mixing conduit 100 are used to secure a plurality of spokes 103. In FIG. 6D, a retaining ring 113 disposed outside the side wall portion 101 is used to prevent the spoke 103 from coming off the mixing conduit 100.

  7A-7C schematically illustrate mixing conduits having various configurations near a central axis, according to embodiments of the present invention.

  FIG. 7A illustrates a mixing conduit 200 a having a plurality of spokes 203 positioned upstream of a plurality of holes 202. The spoke 203 does not reach the central axis 206 of the mixing conduit 200a, thereby leaving a circular gap 210 near the central region of the mixing conduit 200a. There is no obstacle to the cross flow 205 near the center of the mixing conduit 200a.

  FIG. 7B illustrates a mixing conduit 200b having a disk 211 secured to a plurality of spokes 203 near the center of the mixing conduit 200b. A side view of the mixing conduit 200b is illustrated in FIG. 8A. The disk 211 not only fixes the spoke 203 but also becomes an additional obstacle to the cross flow 205. The speed of the cross flow 205 is further increased by reducing the cross-sectional area in the mixing conduit 200b due to the obstruction by the disk 211. The disk 211 also improves mixing in situations where the flow from the holes 202 does not reach the central axis 206 by causing a lack of cross flow 205 near the central axis 206. In one embodiment, a retaining ring 213 is disposed outside the cylindrical wall 201 of the mixing conduit 200b to secure the spoke 203.

  FIG. 7C illustrates a mixing conduit 200c having a streamlined axial flow obstruction or torpedo shape 212 secured to a plurality of spokes 203 near the center of the mixing conduit 200c. The torpedo shape 212 may have a cylindrical intermediate section and a tapered end. The torpedo shaped portion 212 performs the same function as the disk 211 of FIG. 7B. Furthermore, the torpedo shape part 212 also becomes an obstacle along the longitudinal direction of the mixing conduit 200c, whereby the obstacle effect by the spoke 203 and the torpedo shape part 212 extends further downstream. A detailed description of the torpedo shape design can be found in US patent application Ser. No. 12 / 725,262, filed Mar. 16, 2010, at least in part by a common inventor. This is incorporated herein by reference.

8A-8C schematically illustrate various mixing conduits having a central disk coupled to an obstacle according to an embodiment of the present invention. If a central disk such as disk 211 in FIGS. 8A and 7B is used, various spokes can be used to achieve the coordinated function. In Figure 8A, the linear spokes 203 ₁ having a tapered shape, is coupled to the disc 211 in the mixing conduit 200 _b. In FIG. 8B, curved blades 203 _2, but is used in the mixing conduit 200 _c. In FIG. 8C, the expansion and contraction blade 203 _3, is used in the mixing conduit 200 _d. These vanes serve as flow directors and can be designed to produce advantageous velocity characteristics.

  FIG. 9 schematically illustrates a mixing conduit 300 having complex obstacles, according to one embodiment of the present invention. Two or more sets of spokes may be used in the mixing conduit 300. As shown in FIG. 9, two sets of spokes 303 a and 303 b are disposed upstream of a plurality of holes 302 formed through the side wall 301 of the mixing conduit 300. In one embodiment, each spoke 303a, 303b may be aligned with each hole 302. In another embodiment, the spokes 303a, 303b may be such that they are not strictly aligned with each other. In further embodiments, these sets of spokes differ in shape and / or dimensions.

  The spoke embodiments described above may be used in combination with various hole designs. 10A-10D schematically illustrate a mixing conduit having a complex jet, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

  FIG. 10A schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of a mixing conduit 400a having a plurality of spokes 403 positioned upstream of two sets of holes 402a, 402b. The hole 402a is positioned upstream of the hole 402b that can be used to cool and / or dilute the second stream with solvent or with components in the main stream. The cross flow 405 will be mixed with the two sets of jets 411, 412 from the holes 402a, 402b, respectively, at different longitudinal positions. The plurality of spokes 403 become obstacles to both sets of holes 402a and 402b.

  FIG. 10B schematically shows a cross-sectional view of a mixing conduit 400b having a plurality of spokes 403 positioned upstream of two sets of holes 402c, 402d. The hole 402c is formed inside the hole 402d. The jet stream 413 from the hole 402c may have a different flow rate than the jet stream 414 from the hole 402d that may be used to cool and / or dilute the second stream with solvent or with components in the main stream. Good. The cross flow 405 will be mixed with the two sets of jets 413, 414 at substantially the same longitudinal position. The plurality of spokes 403 become obstacles to both sets of holes 402c and 402d.

  FIG. 10C shows a cross section of a mixing conduit 400c having a plurality of spokes 403 positioned upstream of a plurality of holes 402e that are angled relative to a plane 410 perpendicular to the central axis 406 of the mixing conduit 400c. The figure is shown schematically.

  FIG. 10D schematically shows a cross-sectional view of a mixing conduit 400d having a plurality of spokes 403 positioned upstream of two sets of holes 402e, 402f. Mixing conduit 400d is similar to mixing conduit 400a except that holes 402e and 402f are beveled at different angles.

  A detailed description of other jets that may be combined with the obstacles described herein is at least in part by a common inventor, US patent application Ser. No. 12/725, filed Mar. 16, 2010. It can be seen in No.266. This is incorporated herein by reference.

  Embodiments of the present invention are used in mixing phosgene as the first stream and amine as the second stream, such as in an MDI production process. The performance of a static mixer is determined by the level of undesirable by-products such as uretonimine and the pressure loss within the static mixer. In one embodiment, the second stream comprises at least one of methylene diphenyl diamine, toluene diamine, and hexamethylene diamine. A mixing conduit having a flow obstruction according to an embodiment of the present invention is such that the amount of urea, carbodiimide, and uretonimine formed is less than in an amount where the obstruction is not disposed within the internal volume. Change the velocity characteristics in the flow. Table 1 shows the performance comparison of the plurality of mixers.

  With respect to the mixer shown in Table 1, the number, size, and shape of the amine injection ports were constant. Option 1 represents the prior art without the flow obstruction upstream as illustrated in FIG. Option 2 represents the mixer shown in FIG. 7B. Option 2 reduces the unwanted by-product or uretonimine with only a slight change in the pressure loss of the crossflow phosgene stream compared to option 1. Option 3 represents the design shown in FIG. 7A. Option 3 shows little improvement in the level of uretonimine, but the change in pressure drop is also smaller. Option 4 is the spike mixer shown in FIGS. 2A-2B. Option 4 reduces uretonimine more than options 2 and 3 above. Option 5 represents the design shown in FIG. 7C. Option 5 results in the lowest amount of uretonimine, but also results in the greatest phosgene pressure drop due to significant obstruction of the central crossflow.

  While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof.

1 phosgene stream 2 amine stream 3 tubular conduit 4 injection port 5 £ 100 mixing conduit 100a mixing conduit 100b mixing conduit 100c mixing conduit 100d mixing conduit 101 cylindrical side wall portion 102 hole 103 spokes 103 ₁ inner end 103 _second outer end 104 Second flow 105 First flow 106 Central axis 107 Internal volume 108 Inlet end 109 Distance 110 Planar 111 Central ring 112 Central ring 113 Retaining ring 150 Static mixer 152 Inlet end 153 First flow conduit 154 Conduit wall 155 Second flow conduit 156 Longitudinal axis 157 Mixing flow 158 Outlet end 200a Mixing conduit 200b Mixing conduit 200c Mixing conduit 200d Mixing conduit 200e Mixing conduit 201 Cylindrical wall 202 Hole 203 Spoke 203a Spoke 203b Spoke 203c spokes 203d spokes 203e spokes 203f spokes 203g spokes 203 ₁ linear spokes having a taper shape 203 ₂ curved blades 203 ₃ expansion / contraction blades 205 crossflow 206 central axis 210 circular gap 211 disk 212 torpedo shape portion 213 holding ring 300 mixing conduit 301 Side wall portion 302 Hole 303a Spoke 303b Spoke 400a Mixing conduit 400b Mixing conduit 400c Mixing conduit 400d Mixing conduit 402a Hole 402b Hole 402c Hole 402d Hole 402e Hole 402f Hole 403 Spoke 405 Crossflow 406 Central axis 410 Jet 412 Jet 412 Jet flow 414 jet flow

Claims (16)

A mixing conduit,
A cylindrical side wall defining an internal volume, wherein one or more injection ports are formed through the cylindrical side wall and are connected to the internal volume; and
One or more flow obstructions disposed within the internal volume, each flow obstruction being aligned upstream of a corresponding hole , and
The one or more injection ports include a plurality of the holes formed along the outer periphery of the cylindrical side wall, and the one or more flow obstructions are the outer periphery of the cylindrical side wall. Comprising a plurality of spokes inserted into the internal volume along a portion;
Wherein the plurality of spokes each, as the first flow gives the flow disturbance member in the first stream in the front to reach a plurality of said holes, Ru is aligned with said hole, mixing conduit. The mixing conduit of claim 1 , wherein each spoke has a cross-section in one shape of a circle, an ellipse, a triangle, a rhombus, an asymmetric rhombus, or a teardrop shape. 3. Each spoke according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein each spoke is tapered with a large end coupled to the cylindrical side wall and a small end near the central axis of the mixing conduit. Mixing conduit. 4. The mixing conduit according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the plurality of spokes are coupled to a disk that is substantially concentric with the cylindrical side wall. 4. The mixing conduit according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the plurality of spokes are coupled to one or more rings that are substantially concentric with the cylindrical side wall. Wherein the plurality of spokes, wherein the mixing is coupled to the torpedo which is disposed along the central axis of the conduit, the mixing conduit according to any one of claims 1 to 3. Each injection port is, the large opening of the outside of the mixing conduit, a tapered hole having a small opening on the inside of the mixing conduit, the mixing conduit according to any one of claims 1-6. The mixing conduit according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein an additional injection port is disposed adjacent to each of the plurality of injection ports downstream of a longitudinal axis of the cylindrical side wall. Each injection port comprises two holes arranged concentrically, the mixing conduit according to any one of claims 1-6. Each injection port comprises a hole which is inclined at an angle with respect to a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the mixing conduit, the mixing conduit according to any one of claims 1-9. One or more disorders bodies are attached at an angle with respect to a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the mixing conduit, the mixing conduit according to any one of claims 1-10. A static mixer,
One or more fluid receiving conduits that define one or more outer walls of the annular chamber;
12. The mixing conduit according to any one of claims 1 to 11 , wherein the mixing conduit is disposed in a first conduit that defines at least an inner wall portion of the annular chamber, the annular chamber comprising: A static mixer comprising: a mixing conduit in fluid communication with one or more outlets of the mixing conduit. A method for mixing,
Flowing a first flow, wherein the first flow is along the length of the mixing conduit according to any one of claims 1 to 12 , wherein the one or A plurality of obstacles flow a first flow located upstream of the one or more outlets of the mixing conduit;
A step of flowing a second stream, said second stream, through said one or more jets of said mixing conduit according to any one of claims 1 to 12, a second flow Flowing the method. The method of claim 13 , wherein the first stream comprises phosgene and the second stream comprises an amine. The method of claim 14 , wherein the second stream comprises at least one of methylene diphenyl diamine, toluene diamine, and hexamethylene diamine. Wherein disposed in the interior volume of one or more disorders bodies, to change the velocity profile in the first stream, the method according to any one of claims 13 to 15.

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