JP5830805B1 - Fermentation control system and fermentation control method for organic waste - Google Patents
Fermentation control system and fermentation control method for organic waste Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【課題】発酵中の有機性廃棄物の含水率を直接測定することなく、簡易な方法で含水率低下による微生物活性が低くなるタイミングを検知しそれに応じた発酵制御を行うことで、乾燥不良や過乾燥による発酵停止を起こさずに順調な発酵を可能とする技術を提供することを目的とする。【解決手段】撹拌機１１が発酵物Ｍを撹拌し、発酵物Ｍの温度とpHならびに撹拌強度と空気供給量とを発酵と乾燥が進行する一定の状態に維持した状態で、CO2センサー１５が該発酵物Ｍから発生する二酸化炭素濃度を測定し、二酸化炭素濃度が所定の値以下の時は、発酵物Ｍに与える空気の供給量を少なくするとともに撹拌強度を小さくすることで乾燥を抑制して有機性廃棄物の発酵を進行させる。【選択図】図１[PROBLEMS] To directly detect the moisture content of organic waste during fermentation and to detect the timing at which microbial activity is reduced due to a decrease in moisture content by a simple method and to perform fermentation control accordingly, It aims at providing the technique which enables smooth fermentation, without causing the fermentation stop by overdrying. A CO2 sensor 15 is used in a state in which a stirrer 11 agitates a fermented product M, and maintains the temperature and pH of the fermented product M, the stirring intensity, and the air supply amount in a constant state in which fermentation and drying proceed. The carbon dioxide concentration generated from the fermented product M is measured, and when the carbon dioxide concentration is below a predetermined value, drying is suppressed by reducing the amount of air supplied to the fermented product M and reducing the stirring strength. To promote fermentation of organic waste. [Selection] Figure 1
Description
本発明は、水分含有量が比較的高い食品製造残渣（焼酎粕、ビール粕、オカラ等）、生ごみ、汚泥、家畜糞尿その他の有機性廃棄物を好気性発酵処理する際の発酵制御システム及び発酵制御方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a fermentation control system for aerobic fermentation treatment of food production residues (shochu, beer lees, okara, etc.), food waste, sludge, livestock manure and other organic waste having a relatively high water content, and The present invention relates to a fermentation control method.
生ゴミ等の有機性廃棄物の発酵処理においては、内容物の含水率が高すぎれば乾燥不良になり、低すぎれば発酵が停止するため、含水率が重要な管理項目となる。 In the fermentation treatment of organic waste such as raw garbage, the moisture content is an important management item because if the moisture content of the contents is too high, drying will be poor, and if it is too low, the fermentation will stop.
しかしながら、安価で信頼性の高い有機性廃棄物の発酵槽用の制御用水分計は実用化されておらず、有機性廃棄物処理システムの運転管理人員が常駐してサンプリングにより測定することができる大型の発酵設備以外では有機性廃棄物の含水率の制御をしていない場合が多いのが実情である。そのため有機性廃棄物の発酵に最適な水分領域を保持できずに乾燥不良や発酵不良によるランニングコストの上昇などのトラブルが多く発生する。 However, a cheap and highly reliable moisture meter for controlling organic waste fermenters has not been put to practical use, and operation management personnel of organic waste treatment systems can be stationed and measured by sampling. In fact, the water content of organic waste is often not controlled except for large-scale fermentation facilities. For this reason, the optimal moisture region for fermentation of organic waste cannot be maintained, and problems such as poor drying and increased running costs due to poor fermentation occur.
このような問題に鑑み、有機性廃棄物の含水率の測定を直接行わず、温度やCO2、重量などの値から有機性廃棄物の含水率の測定を間接的に推計して発酵を制御する方法が提案されている。 In view of these problems, the moisture content of organic waste is not directly measured, but the fermentation is controlled by indirectly estimating the moisture content of organic waste from values such as temperature, CO 2 and weight. A method has been proposed.
例えば、特開２００５−２８８２３７号公報では、二酸化炭素濃度、有機性廃棄物の重量及び温度を測定し、格納データから所定時間経過後の有機性廃棄物の発酵状態を判断して、次回の有機性廃棄物の予測投入時期や予測投入量を予測できる発酵処理装置、および発酵状態判断方法が開示されている（特許文献１）。しかしながら、有機性廃棄物は一定の品質のものを一定量、定期的に確保できるものではないため、予測された投入時期や投入量を厳密に守ることは困難であり、変更が生じた場合、適切な投入時期や投入量は結局のところ使用者側で判断しなければならないという問題がある。 For example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-288237, the concentration of carbon dioxide, the weight and temperature of organic waste are measured, the fermentation state of the organic waste after a predetermined time is judged from the stored data, and the next organic A fermentation processing apparatus and a fermentation state determination method capable of predicting the predicted input timing and the predicted input amount of a radioactive waste have been disclosed (Patent Document 1). However, since organic waste cannot be regularly secured in a certain amount and of a certain quality, it is difficult to strictly observe the predicted timing and amount, and if changes occur, After all, there is a problem that the proper input timing and input amount must be determined by the user.
また、特開平０７−３３５７３号公報では、排ガス中のCO2量を測定することで発酵槽内の有機性廃棄物の発酵状態を検知し、必要な空気量を制御する堆肥化方法及び装置並びにこの装置に用いる回転ドラム式発酵槽及び製品貯槽が開示されている（特許文献２）。しかしながら、最適発酵条件を維持するために、有機性廃棄物の水分変動に対し、水分が低いときにはCO2濃度は高くなり、水分が高いときにはCO2濃度は低くなるように送風量の調整を行うような制御は、その前提として温度やpHを一定に維持しなければ、それらによってもCO2濃度が大きく変動するため実際上水分の推計は困難であり制御ができない。 JP-A-07-33573 discloses a composting method and apparatus for detecting the fermentation state of organic waste in a fermenter by measuring the amount of CO 2 in exhaust gas and controlling the required air amount, and A rotary drum fermenter and a product storage tank used in this apparatus are disclosed (Patent Document 2). However, in order to maintain the optimum fermentation conditions, with respect to moisture variation of organic waste, moisture is the CO 2 concentration is high when lower, to adjust the air blowing amount to the CO 2 concentration is low when water is high Such control is based on the premise that unless the temperature and pH are kept constant, the CO 2 concentration greatly fluctuates depending on them, so that it is actually difficult to estimate moisture and control is impossible.
上記のように、有機性廃棄物の発酵に最適な含水率を制御できる発酵制御方法の確立が求められていた。 As mentioned above, establishment of the fermentation control method which can control the moisture content optimal for fermentation of organic waste was calculated | required.
そこで、本発明は、発酵中の有機性廃棄物の含水率を直接測定することなく、簡易な方法で含水率低下による微生物活性が低くなるタイミングを検知しそれに応じた発酵制御を行うことで、乾燥不良や過乾燥による発酵停止を起こさずに順調な発酵を可能とする技術を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, the present invention does not directly measure the moisture content of organic waste during fermentation, but detects the timing at which the microbial activity is lowered due to a decrease in moisture content by a simple method and performs fermentation control accordingly. It aims at providing the technique which enables smooth fermentation, without causing the fermentation stop by drying failure and excessive drying.
本発明者は、発酵中の有機性廃棄物から発生する二酸化炭素の発生量を指標として発酵槽中の環境を制御することにより上記課題を解決することができるとの知見を得た。 The present inventor has obtained knowledge that the above-mentioned problem can be solved by controlling the environment in the fermenter using the generated amount of carbon dioxide generated from the organic waste during fermentation as an index.
本発明は、かかる知見に基づいてなされたものであり、有機性廃棄物を撹拌する撹拌手段と、該有機性廃棄物に空気を供給する空気供給手段と、二酸化炭素を検出する二酸化炭素測定手段と、を備えた有機性廃棄物の発酵制御システムであって、該撹拌手段が該有機性廃棄物を撹拌し、該有機性廃棄物の温度とpH並びに撹拌強度と空気供給量とを発酵と乾燥が進行する一定の状態に維持した状態で、該二酸化炭素測定手段が該有機性廃棄物から発生する二酸化炭素濃度を測定し、該二酸化炭素濃度が所定の値以下の時は、該有機性廃棄物に与える空気の供給量を少なくするとともに撹拌強度を小さくすることで乾燥を抑制して該有機性廃棄物の発酵を進行させる、有機性廃棄物の発酵制御システムを提供するものである。 The present invention has been made on the basis of such knowledge, and includes a stirring means for stirring organic waste, an air supply means for supplying air to the organic waste, and a carbon dioxide measuring means for detecting carbon dioxide. An organic waste fermentation control system comprising: the stirring means for stirring the organic waste; and the temperature and pH of the organic waste, the stirring strength, and the air supply amount are fermented. The carbon dioxide measuring means measures the carbon dioxide concentration generated from the organic waste while maintaining a constant state in which drying proceeds, and when the carbon dioxide concentration is below a predetermined value, the organic Provided is an organic waste fermentation control system in which the amount of air supplied to the waste is reduced and the stirring strength is reduced to suppress drying and advance the fermentation of the organic waste.
また、本発明は、撹拌手段で有機性廃棄物を撹拌し、該有機性廃棄物の温度とpHとを一定の状態に維持した状態で、該有機性廃棄物から発生する二酸化炭素濃度を測定する工程と、該二酸化炭素濃度が所定の値以下の時は、該有機性廃棄物に与える空気の供給量を少なくするとともに撹拌強度を小さくすることで乾燥を抑制して該有機性廃棄物の発酵のみを進行させる工程と、を有する、有機性廃棄物の発酵制御方法を提供するものである。 The present invention also measures the concentration of carbon dioxide generated from the organic waste while stirring the organic waste with the stirring means and maintaining the temperature and pH of the organic waste at a constant state. And when the carbon dioxide concentration is below a predetermined value, the amount of air supplied to the organic waste is reduced and the agitation strength is reduced to suppress drying, thereby reducing the amount of the organic waste. There is provided a method for controlling fermentation of organic waste, comprising a step of allowing only fermentation to proceed.
本発明によれば、発酵中の有機性廃棄物の含水率を直接測定することなく、二酸化炭素濃度を指標とすることで、含水率低下による微生物活性が低くなるタイミングを検知しそれに応じた発酵制御を行うことができ、乾燥不良や過乾燥による発酵停止を起こさずに順調な発酵を実現することができる。 According to the present invention, without directly measuring the moisture content of organic waste during fermentation, the carbon dioxide concentration is used as an index to detect the timing at which the microbial activity is lowered due to a decrease in moisture content, and fermentation accordingly. Control can be performed, and smooth fermentation can be realized without causing a fermentation stop due to poor drying or overdrying.
初めに、本発明の実施形態に係る有機性廃棄物の発酵制御システムについて説明する。図１は、本実施形態に係る有機性廃棄物の発酵制御システム１の概略図であり、図２は、有機性廃棄物処理槽１０の概要を説明するための左側面図である（説明の都合上、空気の供給路に関する説明は省略している）。 First, an organic waste fermentation control system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an organic waste fermentation control system 1 according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a left side view for explaining an overview of an organic waste treatment tank 10 (description of the explanation) For convenience, the description of the air supply path is omitted).
実施形態に係る有機性廃棄物の発酵制御システム１は、有機性廃棄物処理槽１０と、有機性廃棄物処理槽１０内に設置された撹拌機１１と、有機性廃棄物処理槽１０に空気を供給する排気ファン１２と、有機性廃棄物処理槽１に設置された温度センサー１３及びCO2センサー１５と、発酵制御システム１の動作を制御する制御装置１６と、を備えている。 The organic waste fermentation control system 1 according to the embodiment includes an organic waste treatment tank 10, an agitator 11 installed in the organic waste treatment tank 10, and air in the organic waste treatment tank 10. And a temperature sensor 13 and a CO 2 sensor 15 installed in the organic waste treatment tank 1, and a control device 16 for controlling the operation of the fermentation control system 1.
有機性廃棄物処理槽１０は、ほぼ密閉可能な構造になっており、発酵物Ｍ（有機性廃棄物）を収容し乾燥処理及び発酵処理を行うことができるように構成されている。また、通気経路１７から取り入れた空気を通気口１８から有機性廃棄物処理槽１０の内部に供給し、排気口１９から排出された空気は排気経路２０によって外部へ排出されるように構成されている。なお、有機性廃棄物処理槽１０は全体が断熱構造を有していることが好ましい。 The organic waste treatment tank 10 has a substantially sealable structure, and is configured so as to accommodate a fermented matter M (organic waste) and perform a drying process and a fermentation process. Further, the air taken in from the ventilation path 17 is supplied to the inside of the organic waste treatment tank 10 from the ventilation hole 18, and the air discharged from the exhaust port 19 is discharged to the outside through the exhaust path 20. Yes. In addition, it is preferable that the organic waste processing tank 10 has the heat insulation structure as a whole.
また、本発明において必須ではないが、排気口１９から排出された空気を再び通気口１８から有機性廃棄物処理槽１０に循環させるための循環経路２１を備えることもできる。風量調節弁２２ａ、２２ｂの開閉は自在に行うことができるため、空気の排気量と循環量を適宜調節することができる。 Although not essential in the present invention, a circulation path 21 for circulating the air discharged from the exhaust port 19 from the vent port 18 to the organic waste treatment tank 10 can be provided. Since the air volume control valves 22a and 22b can be freely opened and closed, the air exhaust amount and the circulation amount can be adjusted as appropriate.
通気経路１７には不足熱量を供給するための加熱器２３を備えている。加熱温度の設定は空気の流量によって適宜調整されるが、発酵制御システム１内での発酵物Ｍ（有機性廃棄物）の温度は好気性高温菌の活動が最も盛んになる温度（60〜70℃）となるように設定される。加熱器２３は、例えば、電熱ヒータ、バーナヒータ、熱交換器による加熱、蒸気や温水ジャケットの併用方式などを採用することができる。 The ventilation path 17 is provided with a heater 23 for supplying a shortage of heat. The setting of the heating temperature is appropriately adjusted according to the flow rate of air, but the temperature of the fermented product M (organic waste) in the fermentation control system 1 is the temperature at which the activity of aerobic thermophilic bacteria is most active (60 to 70). ° C). The heater 23 can employ, for example, an electric heater, a burner heater, heating by a heat exchanger, a combined system of steam or a hot water jacket, or the like.
有機性廃棄物処理槽１０の上部には発酵物Ｍ（有機性廃棄物）を投入するための原料投入口２５を備え、下部には発酵を終えた発酵生成物搬出口２６を備えている。 The upper part of the organic waste treatment tank 10 is provided with a raw material input port 25 for introducing a fermented product M (organic waste), and the lower part is provided with a fermentation product outlet 26 after fermentation.
有機性廃棄物は、産業廃棄物および都市ゴミを問わず微生物により分解されうる有機物を主体とする廃棄物であって、食品残渣、焼酎粕、ビール粕、オカラ、ジュース搾りかす、醤油粕などの食品系廃棄物；廃棄農産物、廃糖蜜などの農産廃棄物；家畜の敷き藁、動物の糞尿、動物の屍体などの畜産廃棄物；魚の内蔵、頭部、骨、鰭、斃死魚、エビカニなど甲殻類の殻などの水産廃棄物、排水処理汚泥等を含む。なお、本実施形態において、有機性廃棄物は発酵物Ｍと同義のものとして扱う。 Organic waste is waste mainly composed of organic matter that can be decomposed by microorganisms regardless of whether it is industrial waste or municipal waste, such as food residue, shochu, beer lees, okara, juice pomace, soy sauce lees, etc. Food waste; Agricultural waste such as waste agricultural products and molasses; Livestock waste such as livestock litter, animal manure, and animal skeleton; Built-in fish, crusts such as head, bones, coral, dead fish, shrimp crab Includes marine waste such as husks and wastewater treatment sludge. In this embodiment, the organic waste is treated as synonymous with the fermented product M.
発酵を行うため、好気性高温菌を有機性廃棄物に添加する。発酵物Ｍ（有機性廃棄物）と好気性高温菌との混合は有機性廃棄物処理槽１０に投入する前に行っても、有機性廃棄物処理槽１０に投入した後に行ってもよい。また、発酵終了後の発酵物Ｍの一部を種菌および水分調整材として有機性廃棄物と撹拌混合してもよい。 To perform the fermentation, aerobic thermophilic bacteria are added to the organic waste. The mixing of the fermented material M (organic waste) and the aerobic thermophilic bacteria may be performed before being introduced into the organic waste treatment tank 10 or after being introduced into the organic waste treatment tank 10. In addition, a part of the fermented product M after completion of fermentation may be mixed with organic waste as an inoculum and moisture adjusting material.
前記好気性高温菌としては、バチルス（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ）属細菌、ゲオバチルス（Ｇｅｏｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ）属細菌、サーマス（Ｔｈｅｒｍｕｓ）属細菌、アクチノマイセテス（Ａｃｔｉｎｏｍｙｃｅｔｅｓ）属放線菌からなる群から選択された少なくとも１種類を含むことが好ましい。これらの好気性高温菌は、自然界、例えばコンポストや土壌に存在しているものを使用することができるが、上記以外の、酵素生産能に優れた特定の種などを優先種として用いることを妨げるものではない。 The aerobic thermophile includes at least one selected from the group consisting of Bacillus genus bacteria, Geobacillus genus bacteria, Thermus genus bacteria, Actinomycetes genus actinomycetes It is preferable. These aerobic thermophilic bacteria can be used in nature, such as those present in compost or soil, but prevent the use of specific species with excellent enzyme-producing ability other than the above as priority species. It is not a thing.
撹拌機１１は、横軸式または縦軸式、その他の各種のものを用いることができる。具体的には、例えば、パドル式、スクリュー式、リボンスクリュー式、スクープ式、ロータリー式、キルン式などの撹拌手段を採用することができる。撹拌機１１は、発酵物Ｍ（有機性廃棄物）を常時撹拌することで内容物を均一化し、表面の更新による酸素を供給する。また、水分の蒸発を促進して発酵物Ｍの温度とpHとを一定範囲に維持する。また、撹拌機１１は後述する制御装置１６からの指示に基づいて撹拌強度（撹拌速度）を変化させることができるように構成されている。 As the stirrer 11, a horizontal axis type or a vertical axis type and other various types can be used. Specifically, for example, a paddle type, a screw type, a ribbon screw type, a scoop type, a rotary type, a kiln type or the like can be employed. The stirrer 11 constantly agitates the fermented matter M (organic waste) to make the contents uniform, and supplies oxygen by renewing the surface. Further, the evaporation of moisture is promoted to maintain the temperature and pH of the fermented product M within a certain range. The stirrer 11 is configured to change the stirring intensity (stirring speed) based on an instruction from the control device 16 described later.
温度センサー１３、CO2センサー１５及びpHセンサー１４は、後述する制御装置１６に電気的に接続され、有機性廃棄物処理槽１０内の測定結果に関するデータを制御装置１６に送信するように構成されている。 The temperature sensor 13, the CO 2 sensor 15, and the pH sensor 14 are electrically connected to a control device 16, which will be described later, and are configured to transmit data related to measurement results in the organic waste treatment tank 10 to the control device 16. ing.
制御装置１６は、温度センサー１３、CO2センサー１５及びpHセンサー１４から送信されたデータに基づき、排気ファン１２の空気の供給量や撹拌機１１の撹拌強度を調整するものである。そのため、制御装置１６は排気ファン１２及び撹拌機１１の駆動モーター２４とも電気的に接続されている。 The control device 16 adjusts the air supply amount of the exhaust fan 12 and the stirring intensity of the stirrer 11 based on data transmitted from the temperature sensor 13, the CO 2 sensor 15, and the pH sensor 14. Therefore, the control device 16 is also electrically connected to the exhaust fan 12 and the drive motor 24 of the stirrer 11.
制御装置１６は、予め設定された排気ファン１２の風力と撹拌機１１の回転強度を制御し、有機性廃棄物に与える空気の供給量と表面の更新を多くすることで発酵物Ｍ（有機性廃棄物）の発酵と乾燥が進行するようにする。有機性廃棄物の投入により二酸化炭素濃度は徐々に高くなりやがて定常値に達する。発酵乾燥が進み含水率の低下に伴い二酸化炭素濃度が低下し所定の値以下になった時は、排気ファン１２の風力を弱めるとともに撹拌機１１の回転強度を小さくし、発酵物Ｍ（有機性廃棄物）に与える空気の供給量と表面の更新を少なくすることで発酵物Ｍ（有機性廃棄物）の乾燥を抑制して発酵のみが進行するようにする。 The control device 16 controls the wind power of the exhaust fan 12 and the rotational strength of the agitator 11 that are set in advance, and increases the amount of air supplied to the organic waste and the renewal of the surface to increase the fermented matter M (organic The fermentation and drying of the waste) will proceed. With the introduction of organic waste, the carbon dioxide concentration gradually increases and eventually reaches a steady value. When fermentation drying progresses and the carbon dioxide concentration decreases to a predetermined value or less as the water content decreases, the wind power of the exhaust fan 12 is weakened and the rotational strength of the stirrer 11 is reduced, and the fermented product M (organic) By reducing the amount of air supplied to the waste) and the renewal of the surface, drying of the fermented matter M (organic waste) is suppressed and only the fermentation proceeds.
微生物の働きで発酵物Ｍ（有機性廃棄物）中の有機物が分解するとき二酸化炭素が発生する。発酵物Ｍ（有機性廃棄物）から発生する二酸化炭素の量は、温度、pH、発酵物Ｍ（有機性廃棄物）の含水率などで大きく変動する好気性高温菌の活性度による。温度やpHは微生物種により最適範囲があり、その範囲外では活性が大きく低下し二酸化炭素発生量も少ない。本実施形態においては、発酵物Ｍ（有機性廃棄物）有機性廃棄物の温度は60〜70℃の範囲内に維持され、pHが7〜9の範囲内に維持されることが好ましい。 Carbon dioxide is generated when the organic matter in the fermented matter M (organic waste) is decomposed by the action of microorganisms. The amount of carbon dioxide generated from the fermented product M (organic waste) depends on the activity of aerobic thermophilic bacteria that vary greatly depending on the temperature, pH, moisture content of the fermented product M (organic waste), and the like. The temperature and pH have optimum ranges depending on the microorganism species, and the activity is greatly reduced and the amount of carbon dioxide generated is small outside these ranges. In this embodiment, it is preferable that the temperature of the fermented material M (organic waste) organic waste is maintained within the range of 60 to 70 ° C., and the pH is maintained within the range of 7 to 9.
発酵物Ｍ（有機性廃棄物）の含水率が高すぎれば乾燥不良になる。一方、発酵物Ｍ（有機性廃棄物）の含水率が低すぎる場合は好気性高温菌の活性が低下し、二酸化炭素発生量が減少する。さらには発酵が停止する。 If the water content of the fermented product M (organic waste) is too high, drying will be poor. On the other hand, when the water content of the fermented product M (organic waste) is too low, the activity of the aerobic thermophilic bacteria decreases, and the amount of carbon dioxide generated decreases. Furthermore, fermentation stops.
そのため、二酸化炭素濃度が所定の値以下になった時に、所定量の水を発酵物Ｍ（有機性廃棄物）に加水することが好ましい。二酸化炭素濃度が所定の値以下になった時点で、すでに微生物の活性が低下し始めているため、加水により含水率を数％アップさせて活性を回復させることにより、発酵効率を高めることができる。 Therefore, it is preferable to add a predetermined amount of water to the fermented product M (organic waste) when the carbon dioxide concentration becomes a predetermined value or less. Since the activity of microorganisms has already started to decrease when the carbon dioxide concentration falls below a predetermined value, fermentation efficiency can be increased by increasing the water content by several percent by water addition and restoring the activity.
撹拌機１１による発酵物Ｍ（有機性廃棄物）の撹拌が間欠的に行われる場合は、二酸化炭素濃度が急変動するため、制御要素として用いることはできない。従って撹拌間隔、温度又はpHが変動するような条件では、二酸化炭素発生量のみで含水率を推計することは困難である。そのため本実施形態においては、撹拌機１１は常時撹拌を行い、温度とpHをほぼ一定の条件（60〜70℃、pH7〜9）に維持することで、二酸化炭素発生量の変動は含水率の影響によるものと推定することができる。 When stirring of the fermented material M (organic waste) by the stirrer 11 is intermittently performed, the carbon dioxide concentration fluctuates rapidly, and thus cannot be used as a control element. Therefore, it is difficult to estimate the water content only with the amount of carbon dioxide generated under conditions where the stirring interval, temperature or pH varies. Therefore, in this embodiment, the stirrer 11 always stirs and maintains the temperature and pH at substantially constant conditions (60 to 70 ° C., pH 7 to 9). It can be presumed to be due to influence.
二酸化炭素の発生量は二酸化炭素濃度×排気空気量で求めることができることから、空気の供給量を一定に保ったときは二酸化炭素濃度が二酸化炭素の発生量に比例する。このような条件において、発酵物Ｍ（有機性廃棄物）の含水率が低下して微生物の活性が低下すれば二酸化炭素濃度も減少するので、二酸化炭素濃度が低下しはじめたタイミングで発酵乾燥モードから発酵モードに切替えることで低水分による活性低下や停止を起こさずに順調な発酵を行うことができる。 Since the generated amount of carbon dioxide can be obtained by the concentration of carbon dioxide x the amount of exhaust air, the carbon dioxide concentration is proportional to the generated amount of carbon dioxide when the supply amount of air is kept constant. Under such conditions, if the water content of the fermented product M (organic waste) decreases and the activity of the microorganisms decreases, the carbon dioxide concentration also decreases. Therefore, the fermentation drying mode starts when the carbon dioxide concentration starts to decrease. By switching to the fermentation mode, smooth fermentation can be performed without causing a decrease in activity or stoppage due to low moisture.
なお、二酸化炭素の測定値の時間平均や変化率など、測定データを加工した値からモード切替点を設定することもできる。さらに、酸素濃度を測定して二酸化炭素濃度を算出し、モードの切替点を設定することもできる。算出式は、CO2(%)=20.9−O2(%)で表わすことができる。 It should be noted that the mode switching point can also be set from values obtained by processing measurement data, such as time average and change rate of measured values of carbon dioxide. Furthermore, it is possible to set the mode switching point by measuring the oxygen concentration and calculating the carbon dioxide concentration. The calculation formula can be expressed as CO 2 (%) = 20.9−O 2 (%).
図３は本実施形態の有機性廃棄物の制御方法に係る制御プロセスを説明するための図である。図１も同時に参照しつつ、制御プロセスを説明する。 FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a control process according to the organic waste control method of the present embodiment. The control process will be described with reference to FIG.
原料としての有機性廃棄物が発酵制御システム１に投入されると、撹拌機１１が発酵物Ｍ（有機性廃棄物）を撹拌すると共に、排気ファン１２の作動により通気口１８が有機性廃棄物処理槽１０に空気を供給する。これにより内容物を均一化し、表面の更新による酸素を供給し、また、水分の蒸発を促進して発酵物Ｍ（有機性廃棄物）の温度とpHとを一定範囲に維持する。本実施形態においては、発酵物Ｍ（有機性廃棄物）の温度は60〜70℃の範囲内に維持され、pHが7〜9の範囲内に維持されることが好ましい。そして、CO2センサー１５により発酵物Ｍ（有機性廃棄物）から発生した二酸化炭素を測定し、そのデータが制御装置１６に送信される。 When the organic waste as the raw material is input to the fermentation control system 1, the stirrer 11 agitates the fermented matter M (organic waste), and the vent 18 is activated by the operation of the exhaust fan 12. Air is supplied to the treatment tank 10. As a result, the contents are made uniform, oxygen is supplied by renewing the surface, and the evaporation of moisture is promoted to maintain the temperature and pH of the fermented product M (organic waste) within a certain range. In this embodiment, it is preferable that the temperature of the fermented material M (organic waste) is maintained in the range of 60-70 degreeC, and pH is maintained in the range of 7-9. Then, carbon dioxide generated from the fermented matter M (organic waste) is measured by the CO 2 sensor 15, and the data is transmitted to the control device 16.
制御装置１６は予め設定された排気ファン１２の風力と、撹拌機１１の撹拌強度の指令を出す。これにより発酵物Ｍ（有機性廃棄物）の発酵と乾燥が進行する（これを「発酵乾燥モード」という）。このプロセスでは発酵と乾燥が同時に進行するプロセスであり、撹拌機１１による撹拌強度が大きく、排気ファン１２による空気の供給量も多い。その結果、発酵物Ｍ（有機性廃棄物）の表面の更新が大きくなり、発生した水蒸気も速やかに排出されるので、乾燥と発酵が同時に進行する。 The control device 16 issues a command for preset wind power of the exhaust fan 12 and stirring intensity of the stirrer 11. As a result, fermentation and drying of the fermented material M (organic waste) proceed (this is referred to as “fermentation drying mode”). In this process, fermentation and drying proceed simultaneously, the stirring intensity by the stirrer 11 is large, and the amount of air supplied by the exhaust fan 12 is large. As a result, the renewal of the surface of the fermented product M (organic waste) is increased, and the generated water vapor is also quickly discharged, so that drying and fermentation proceed simultaneously.
発酵乾燥モードにおいては発酵と乾燥が同時に進行するが、乾燥能力をやや大きめに設定し、所定の終了時間よりやや早く含水率が低下するようにする。このようにすることで二酸化炭素濃度が低下し始めるモード切替点が現れるからである。また一時的な高水分原料の投入時においても乾燥不良を防ぐことができる。 In the fermentation and drying mode, fermentation and drying proceed simultaneously, but the drying capacity is set slightly larger so that the moisture content decreases slightly earlier than the predetermined end time. This is because a mode switching point at which the carbon dioxide concentration starts to decrease appears. In addition, poor drying can be prevented even when a temporary high-moisture raw material is added.
次に、二酸化炭素濃度が定常値から低下し、所定の値以下になった時は、制御装置１６は排気ファン１２の風力を弱め、発酵物Ｍ（有機性廃棄物）に与える空気の供給量を少なくするとともに、撹拌機１１の撹拌強度を小さくする指令を出す。これにより発酵物Ｍ（有機性廃棄物）の乾燥が抑制され発酵のみが進行する（これを「発酵モード」という）。このプロセスでは、発酵のみが進行するように、撹拌機１１による撹拌強度を発酵に必要な酸素が供給できる最低限にし、排気ファン１２による空気の供給量は発酵に伴う発生ガスを排出できる最低限にする。発酵モードでは撹拌強度が低く、排気風量も少ないため乾燥速度は低くなるが、温度、pHが発酵に適当な条件のままであり、必要な酸素が供給されるので発酵は進行する。 Next, when the carbon dioxide concentration decreases from a steady value and falls below a predetermined value, the control device 16 weakens the wind power of the exhaust fan 12 and supplies air to fermented matter M (organic waste). A command to reduce the stirring intensity of the stirrer 11 is issued. Thereby, drying of fermented material M (organic waste) is suppressed and only fermentation advances (this is called "fermentation mode"). In this process, the stirring intensity by the stirrer 11 is set to a minimum at which oxygen necessary for fermentation can be supplied so that only the fermentation proceeds, and the supply amount of air by the exhaust fan 12 is set to a minimum at which the generated gas accompanying the fermentation can be discharged. To. In the fermentation mode, the drying intensity is low because the stirring intensity is low and the amount of exhaust air is small, but the temperature and pH remain at conditions suitable for the fermentation, and the necessary oxygen is supplied, so the fermentation proceeds.
発酵乾燥モードから発酵モードに切り替わる時点では含水率が微生物活動範囲の下限に近いため、この時点で発酵物Ｍ（有機性廃棄物）に加水して含水率をやや高くすることも発酵の効率が上がる。 Since the moisture content is close to the lower limit of the range of microbial activity at the time of switching from the fermentation drying mode to the fermentation mode, it is also effective to add water to the fermentation product M (organic waste) at this point to slightly increase the moisture content. Go up.
発酵モードでは含水率が微生物活動範囲の下限に近い35〜40％程度であるため、さらに乾燥させるために、発酵モードの後に乾燥モードを付加することにより同一槽で乾燥まで行うことができる（これを「乾燥モード」という）。乾燥モードでは二酸化炭素濃度の制御を外し、排気ファン１２による空気の供給量を多くして撹拌機１１の撹拌強度も大きくする。含水率が低いため発酵は進行しないが乾燥が効率よく進む。 In the fermentation mode, the moisture content is about 35 to 40%, which is close to the lower limit of the microbial activity range, so that further drying can be performed in the same tank by adding a drying mode after the fermentation mode. Is called "drying mode"). In the drying mode, the control of the carbon dioxide concentration is removed, the amount of air supplied by the exhaust fan 12 is increased, and the stirring intensity of the stirrer 11 is increased. Since the moisture content is low, fermentation does not proceed, but drying proceeds efficiently.
なお、発酵制御システム１の能力を上回った高水分原料の場合は、所定の時間で発酵モードに移行しないことから、警告手段により警報等を出すことができる。警報等を出すまでの時間は適宜設定することができるが、例えば、20時間前後に設定することが好ましい。 In the case of a high-moisture raw material that exceeds the ability of the fermentation control system 1, an alarm or the like can be issued by a warning means because the fermentation mode is not shifted to the fermentation mode in a predetermined time. The time until the alarm is issued can be set as appropriate. For example, it is preferable to set the time around 20 hours.
図４は本実施形態の有機性廃棄物の発酵制御システム１を用いて発酵を制御したときの二酸化炭素濃度、発酵物Ｍ（有機性廃棄物）の含水率、分解率、排気風量、撹拌強度の状態を経時的に測定した結果を示す図である。 FIG. 4 shows the carbon dioxide concentration, the moisture content of the fermented product M (organic waste), the decomposition rate, the exhaust air volume, and the stirring intensity when the fermentation is controlled using the organic waste fermentation control system 1 of the present embodiment. It is a figure which shows the result of having measured the state of this with time.
原料となる有機性廃棄物を投入した後は「発酵乾燥モード」にて運転する。撹拌強度が大きく、排気風量も多いので発酵と乾燥が同時に効率よく進む。含水率が低下して二酸化炭素濃度が低下した時に、「発酵モード」に切替える（図４中「モード切替」と示す）。撹拌強度を小さく、排気風量も少なくする。このとき乾燥速度は低下するが、発酵は引き続き継続し、所定の分解率を得ることができる。このように含水率が低下して二酸化炭素濃度が低下した時に、「発酵乾燥モード」から「発酵モード」に切替える制御を行うことで順調な発酵を継続して行わせることができる。 After feeding the organic waste as raw material, it operates in “fermentation drying mode”. Since the stirring intensity is large and the exhaust air volume is large, fermentation and drying can proceed efficiently at the same time. When the water content decreases and the carbon dioxide concentration decreases, the mode is switched to the “fermentation mode” (shown as “mode switching” in FIG. 4). Reduce stirring intensity and exhaust air volume. At this time, the drying rate decreases, but the fermentation continues and a predetermined decomposition rate can be obtained. Thus, when the water content is reduced and the carbon dioxide concentration is reduced, smooth fermentation can be continuously performed by performing control to switch from the “fermentation drying mode” to the “fermentation mode”.
投入負荷が低いときや低水分の原料のときでも二酸化炭素の値により適切に発酵モードに切替えることができるので過乾燥に至らず、安定した発酵を行うことができる。この制御を行わなければ、発酵物Ｍ（有機性廃棄物）の乾燥が進み発酵が停止するので所定の分解率が得られない。 Even when the input load is low or when the raw material has low moisture content, it is possible to appropriately switch to the fermentation mode depending on the value of carbon dioxide, so that overdrying does not occur and stable fermentation can be performed. If this control is not performed, drying of the fermented material M (organic waste) proceeds and the fermentation stops, so that a predetermined decomposition rate cannot be obtained.
図５は、発酵制御を行わずに有機性廃棄物を発酵処理した場合の図である。このような状態では、時間の経過とともに発酵不良が起こり、所望の発酵処理を行うことができない。本実施形態の発酵制御システム１においては、先述のように、投入負荷が高いときや高水分原料のときは所定時間経過しても発酵モードに切替わらないので、このような状況が所定時間継続した場合は警報等を出すことができる（図３参照）。 FIG. 5 is a diagram when the organic waste is subjected to fermentation treatment without performing fermentation control. In such a state, fermentation failure occurs with time, and a desired fermentation process cannot be performed. In the fermentation control system 1 of the present embodiment, as described above, when the input load is high or when the raw material is a high moisture content, since the mode is not switched to the fermentation mode even after a predetermined time, such a situation continues for a predetermined time. If this happens, an alarm or the like can be issued (see FIG. 3).
図６は、比較例として発酵制御システムの乾燥能力が低いときの状態量の変化を経時的に測定した場合を示す図である。ここで、「乾燥能力」とは、発酵制御システムの設定水分蒸発能力をいう。例えば水100kgを1日で蒸発させる装置では約4.2kg/hの水分蒸発能力が必要になる。乾燥能力が所定の発酵時間で所定の含水率になるより小さめの設定では、発酵終了まで「発酵乾燥モード」が継続するが、含水率が所定まで低下しないままで終了する。 FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a case where a change in state quantity when the drying ability of the fermentation control system is low is measured over time as a comparative example. Here, the “drying capacity” refers to the set water evaporation capacity of the fermentation control system. For example, an apparatus that evaporates 100 kg of water in one day requires a water evaporation capacity of about 4.2 kg / h. If the drying capacity is set to be smaller than the predetermined moisture content at the predetermined fermentation time, the “fermentation drying mode” continues until the end of the fermentation, but the moisture content is not lowered to the predetermined value and is ended.
１…発酵制御システム
１０…有機性廃棄物処理槽
１１…撹拌機
１２…排気ファン
１３…温度センサー
１４…pHセンサー
１５…CO2センサー
１６…制御装置
１７…通気経路
１８…通気口
１９…排気口
２０…排気経路
２１…循環経路
２２ａ，２２ｂ…風量調節弁
２３…加熱器
２４…駆動モーター
２５…有機性廃棄物投入口
２６…発酵物搬出口
Ｍ…発酵物
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Fermentation control system 10 ... Organic waste processing tank 11 ... Stirrer 12 ... Exhaust fan 13 ... Temperature sensor 14 ... pH sensor 15 ... CO2 sensor 16 ... Controller 17 ... Ventilation path 18 ... Vent 19 ... Vent 20 ... exhaust path 21 ... circulation paths 22a, 22b ... air volume control valve 23 ... heater 24 ... drive motor 25 ... organic waste inlet 26 ... fermented product outlet M ... fermented product
Claims (6)
該有機性廃棄物に空気を供給する空気供給手段と、
二酸化炭素を検出するための二酸化炭素測定手段と、
を備えた有機性廃棄物の発酵制御システムであって、
該撹拌手段が該有機性廃棄物の常時撹拌を行い、該有機性廃棄物の温度を60〜70℃、pHを7〜9とし、撹拌強度と空気供給量とを発酵と乾燥が進行する一定の状態に維持した状態で、
該二酸化炭素測定手段が該有機性廃棄物から発生する二酸化炭素濃度を測定し、
該二酸化炭素濃度が所定の値以下の時は、該有機性廃棄物に与える空気の供給量を少なくするとともに撹拌強度を小さくすることで該有機性廃棄物の乾燥を抑制して発酵を進行させる有機性廃棄物の発酵制御システム。 A stirring means for stirring the organic waste;
Air supply means for supplying air to the organic waste;
Carbon dioxide measuring means for detecting carbon dioxide,
An organic waste fermentation control system comprising:
The stirring means constantly stirs the organic waste, the temperature of the organic waste is set to 60 to 70 ° C., the pH is set to 7 to 9, and the stirring strength and the air supply amount are constant so that fermentation and drying progress. In the state maintained in the state of
The carbon dioxide measuring means measures the concentration of carbon dioxide generated from the organic waste,
When the carbon dioxide concentration is below a predetermined value, the amount of air supplied to the organic waste is reduced and the stirring intensity is reduced to suppress drying of the organic waste and to proceed the fermentation. Organic waste fermentation control system.
該二酸化炭素濃度が所定の値以下の時は、該有機性廃棄物に与える空気の供給量を少なくするとともに撹拌強度を小さくすることで乾燥を抑制して該有機性廃棄物の発酵を進行させる工程と、
を有する、有機性廃棄物の発酵制御方法。 Stirring means performs constant agitation of organic waste, constant state 60 to 70 ° C. The temperature, the 7-9 pH, traveling the stirring intensity and the air supply amount is dried and fermentation of organic waste A step of measuring the concentration of carbon dioxide generated from the organic waste while maintaining
When the carbon dioxide concentration is less than or equal to a predetermined value, the amount of air supplied to the organic waste is reduced and the stirring intensity is reduced to suppress drying and advance the fermentation of the organic waste. Process,
A method for controlling fermentation of organic waste.
The organic waste fermentation control method according to claim 4 or 5, further comprising a step of notifying an abnormality when a time during which the carbon dioxide concentration is equal to or less than a predetermined value exceeds a preset time by a warning means. .
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| KR102312526B1 (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-10-18 | 서울시립대학교 산학협력단 | Multi stage air supply bio-drying device |
| KR102468009B1 (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2022-11-17 | 신화건설㈜ | Automatic control system for organic waste treatment |
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