JP5789512B2 - Led搭載用ウエハとその製造方法、及びそのウエハを用いたled搭載構造体 - Google Patents
Led搭載用ウエハとその製造方法、及びそのウエハを用いたled搭載構造体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5789512B2 JP5789512B2 JP2011524832A JP2011524832A JP5789512B2 JP 5789512 B2 JP5789512 B2 JP 5789512B2 JP 2011524832 A JP2011524832 A JP 2011524832A JP 2011524832 A JP2011524832 A JP 2011524832A JP 5789512 B2 JP5789512 B2 JP 5789512B2
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Description
11 単結晶成長基板1表面のn型III−V族半導体のバッファー層
12 単結晶成長基板1表面の無機化合物の表面コーティング層
2 LED
21 LED2のn型III−V族半導体層
22 LED2の発光層
23 LED2のp型III−V族半導体層
3 反射層
31 反射層3表面の金属層
4 透明導電層
5 LED搭載用基板
51 LED搭載用基板5表面の金属箔層
6 ウエハ
61 ウエハ6の金属含浸セラミックス複合体
62 ウエハ6の保護層
63 金属含浸セラミックス複合体61表面の金属の薄層
<ウエハの製造>
市販の炭化珪素(SiC)粉末A(平均粒子径200μm)1800g、炭化珪素粉末B(平均粒子径20μm)900g、炭化珪素粉末C(平均粒子径2μm)300g、及び成形バインダー(メチルセルロース、信越化学工業社製、「メトローズ」)150gを攪拌混合機で30分間混合した後、Φ55mm×110mmの寸法の円柱状に面圧10MPaでプレス成形した後、成形圧力100MPaでCIP成形して成形体を製造した。これを、大気雰囲気中、温度600℃で2時間脱脂後、アルゴン雰囲気下、温度2100℃で2時間焼成した後、マシニングセンターでダイヤモンド製の砥石により、外形寸法がΦ48.8mm×100mmの形状に加工してセラミックス多孔体(気孔率20%)を製造した。
このウエハ6は、中心部分が金属含浸セラミックス複合体61で、その周囲がアルミナの保護層62からなるものである(図1参照)。表面粗さ計で測定された表面粗さ(Ra)は0.08μmであり、工場顕微鏡にて測定されたアルミナの保護層の厚みは0.9mmで、保護層の体積占有率は7.0%であった。
図2に示すように、板厚が0.5mmの単結晶成長基板(単結晶サファイア基板)1に、アンモニアガスとトリメチルガリウムを使用し、キャリアガスとして水素と窒素の混合ガスを用いて、温度1100℃でMOCVD法により、n型III−V族半導体のバッファー層(n型GaNバッファー層)11を0.3μm形成させた後、LED2を4.1μmエピタキシャル成長させた。LEDは、n型III−V族半導体層(n型GaN半導体層)21が2μm、発光層(GaN発光層)22が0.1μm、及びp型III−V族半導体層(p型GaN半導体層)23が2μmで構成されていた。
実施例2、3及び比較例1、2は、マルチワイヤソー加工時の切断幅をかえ、板厚を種々かえたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にしてウエハを製造した。また、実施例4、5及び比較例3は、ラップ盤加工時のダイヤモンドの砥粒の粒度をかえ、表面粗さをかえたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にしてウエハを製造した。それらの結果を表1に示す。
実施例1で製造したウエハに、表2に示す方法にて種々の金属の薄層63を形成し(図4参照)、耐薬品性を評価した。それらの結果を表2に示す。
実施例1で製造したセラミックス多孔体(気孔率:20%)を、マシニングセンターでダイヤモンド製の砥石を用い、表3に示される外径寸法に加工した。これらのそれぞれを金属製又はセラミックス製の管状体(外径寸法:Φ52.3mm×100mm、内径寸法:表3)に挿入してから、窒化硼素製離型剤を用い、筒状の黒鉛治具(外形寸法:70mm×70mm×100mm、内径寸法:Φ52.5mm×100mm)に入れて構造体とし、以後、実施例1と同様にしてアニール処理までの操作を行って金属含浸セラミックス複合体を製造した。その後、この金属含浸セラミックス複合体から、実施例1と同様にして、Φ50.8mm×0.2mmの形状で、その周囲に、金属製又はセラミックス製の管状体に対応した材質の保護層を有するウエハを製造した。それらの結果を表3に示す。
実施例1のCIP成形体を、大気雰囲気中、温度600℃で2時間脱脂処理後、アルゴン雰囲気下、温度2100℃で8時間焼成して、気孔率が10%のセラミックス多孔体を製造したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にしてアニール処理までの操作を行って金属含浸セラミックス複合体を製造した。その結果、金属含浸セラミックス複合体の線熱膨張係数は4.6×10−6/K、熱伝導率は270W/mK、3点曲げ強度は320MPa、体積固有抵抗は1.6×10−6Ω・mであった。その後、この金属含浸セラミックス複合体から、実施例1と同様にしてウエハを製造したところ、ウエハの表面粗さ(Ra)はRa0.06μm、アルミナの保護層の厚みは0.9mm、体積占有率は7.0%、耐薬品性は0.01mg/cm2であった。
炭化珪素粉末D(市販品:平均粒子径10μm)2000g、シリカゾル(日産化学社製:スノーテックス)300gの混合粉末を、Φ52×100mmの寸法の円柱状に面圧30MPaでプレス成形して成形体を製造した。得られた成形体を、温度120℃で1時間乾燥後、窒素雰囲気下、温度1400℃で2時間焼成して、気孔率が50%のセラミックス多孔体を製造したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にしてアニール処理までの操作を行って金属含浸セラミックス複合体を製造した。その結果、金属含浸セラミックス複合体の線熱膨張係数は9.5×10−6/K、熱伝導率は180W/mK、3点曲げ強度は500MPa、体積固有抵抗は3×10−7Ω・mであった。その後、この金属含浸セラミックス複合体から、実施例1と同様にしてウエハを製造したところ、表面粗さ(Ra)はRa0.09μm、アルミナの保護層の厚みは0.9mmで、体積占有率は7.0%、耐薬品性は0.02mg/cm2であった。
炭化珪素粉末D138g、炭化珪素粉末E(市販品:平均粒子径150μm)255gの混合粉末をアルミナ管(外径寸法:Φ52.3mm×100mm、内径寸法:Φ49mm×100mm)に充填してセラミックス粉末成形体(気孔率:35%)としてから、筒状黒鉛治具に挿入して構造体としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にしてアニール処理までの操作を行って金属含浸セラミックス複合体を製造した。その結果、金属含浸セラミックス複合体の線熱膨張係数は7.5×10−6/K、熱伝導率は210W/mK、3点曲げ強度は400MPa、体積固有抵抗は5×10−7Ω・mであった。その後、この金属含浸セラミックス複合体から、実施例1と同様にしてウエハを製造したところ、表面粗さ(Ra)は0.08μm、アルミナの保護層の厚みは0.9mm、体積占有率は7.0%、耐薬品性は、0.01mg/cm2であった。
(ウエハの製造)
実施例1で製造されたセラミックス多孔体を、マシニングセンターでダイヤモンド砥石を用いて、外形寸法が、Φ52mm×100mmの形状に加工した後、窒化硼素の離型剤を塗布し、筒状鉄製治具(外形寸法:70mm×70mm×100mm、内径寸法:Φ52.5mm×100mm)に挿入して構造体とした。この構造体4個を離型板(70mm×70mm×0.8mmのステンレス板に黒鉛離型剤が塗布されたもの)を挟んで積層して積層体(140.8mm×140.8mm×100mm)となし、この両側にセラミックスボード(厚み10mm)を挟んで鉄板(厚み12mm)を配置し、ボルトで連結した。以後、実施例1と同様にしてアニール処理までの操作を行って金属含浸セラミックス複合体を製造した。
図5に示すように、板厚が0.5mmの単結晶成長基板(単結晶サファイア基板)1に、CVD法でSiCからなる表面コーティング層12を2μm形成した後、アンモニアガスと塩化ガリウムを使用し、キャリアガスとして水素ガスを用い、温度1050℃でHVPE法により、厚みが4.1μmのLED2をエピタキシャル成長させた。LED2は、n型III−V族半導体層(n型GaN半導体層)21が2μm、発光層(GaN発光層)22が0.1μm、及びp型III−V族半導体層(p型GaN半導体層)23が2μmで構成されていた。
セラミックス多孔体として、等方性黒鉛成形体(東海カーボン社製:G458、気孔率:13体積%、寸法:100mm×100mm×100mm)を用い、また離型板として黒鉛離型材の塗布されたステンレス板(100mm×100mm×0.8mm)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1に準じてアニール処理までの操作を行って金属含浸セラミックス複合体を製造した。この金属含浸セラミックス複合体の線熱膨張係数は5.5×10−6/K、熱伝導率は250W/mK、3点曲げ強度は60MPa、体積固有抵抗は1.5×10−7Ω・mであった。
窒化アルミニウム粉末(平均粒子径2μm)2880g、イットリア粉末(平均粒子径1μm)120g、成形バインダー(メチルセルロース)150g、及び純水150gの混合粉末を、面圧10MPaでプレス成形した後、更に成形圧力100MPaでCIP成形してCIP成形体(直径55mm×110mm)を製造した。これを、大気雰囲気中、温度600℃で2時間脱脂処理後、窒素雰囲気下、温度1780℃で4時間焼成して焼結体を製造した後、マシニングセンターでダイヤモンド砥石を用いて、気孔率が22%のセラミックス多孔体(直径52mm×100mm)を製造した。このセラミックス多孔体を用いたこと、及びアルミニウム合金のかわりに純アルミニウムを用いたこと以外は、実施例1に準じてアニール処理までの操作を行って金属含浸セラミックス複合体を製造した。この金属含浸セラミックス複合体の線熱膨張係数は5.3×10−6/K、熱伝導率は180W/mK、3点曲げ強度は420MPa、体積固有抵抗は7.5×10−7Ω・mであった。その後、この金属含浸セラミックス複合体から、実施例27と同様にしてウエハを製造した。ウエハの表面粗さ(Ra)は0.07μm、Niの保護層の厚みは0.01mm、体積占有率は0.04%、耐薬品性は0.01mg/cm2であった。
窒化珪素粉末(平均粒子径1μm)2790g、イットリア粉末(平均粒子径1μm)150g、及び酸化マグネシウム粉末(平均粒子径1μm)60gの混合物を用いたこと以外は、実施例28と同様にしてCIP成形体を製造した。これを、0.9MPaの窒素加圧雰囲気下、温度1880℃で4時間焼成して焼結体を製造した後、マシニングセンターでダイヤモンド砥石を用いて、気孔率が13%のセラミックス多孔体(直径52mm×100mm)を製造した。以下、実施例28と同様にして金属含浸セラミックス複合体及びウエハを製造した。金属含浸セラミックス複合体の線熱膨張係数は4.0×10−6/K、熱伝導率は150W/mK、3点曲げ強度は450MPa、体積固有抵抗は1.1×10−6Ω・mであった。また、ウエハの表面粗さ(Ra)はRa0.09μm、Niの保護層の厚みは0.01mm、体積占有率は0.04%、耐薬品性は0.01mg/cm2であった。
ダイヤモンド粉末A(Diamond Innovations社製、MBG−600、平均粒子径:120μm)7g、ダイヤモンド粉末B(Diamond Innovations社製、MBG−600、平均粒子径:15μm)3gを、アルミナ製の乳鉢で10分間混合した。黒鉛治具X(外形寸法:70mm×70mm×20mm、内径寸法:直径52.5mm×20mm)に、筒状黒鉛治具Y(外形寸法:直径52.4mm×9mmを挿入した後、上記ダイヤモンド混合粉末10gを充填し、更にダイヤモンドの混合粉末の上面に黒鉛治具Yを挿入して、気孔率が35%のセラミックス粉末成形体とした。このセラミックス粉末成形体を実施例1に準じて積層体となし含浸処理を施して、筒状黒鉛治具で囲まれた金属含浸セラミックス複合体(70mm×70mm×20mm)を製造した。この金属含浸セラミックス複合体の線熱膨張係数は7.5×10−6/K、熱伝導率は500W/mK、3点曲げ強度は320MPa、体積固有抵抗は5×10−7Ω・mであった。
実施例1のセラミックス多孔体(外形寸法:直径52mm×高さ100mm、気孔率:20%)を、マシニングセンターでダイヤモンド砥石を用い、外形寸法が直径52mm×20mmの円盤に加工した。この円盤と塊状のシリコンを、BN粉を塗布した黒鉛坩堝に入れ、電気炉内にセットした。炉内を真空引きし、1650℃で8時間保持して円盤にシリコンを含浸させた。室温まで冷却した後、円筒研削盤で余分なシリコンを除去して金属含浸セラミックス複合体を製造した。この金属含浸セラミックス複合体の線熱膨張係数は4.3×10−6/K、熱伝導率は210W/mK、3点曲げ強度は250MPa、体積固有抵抗は1×10−5Ω・mであった。その後、実施例26と同様にしてウエハを製造した。ウエハの表面粗さ(Ra)は0.15μm、Niの保護層の厚みは0.01mm、体積占有率は0.04%、耐薬品性は0.005mg/cm2であった。
Claims (7)
- 平板状の金属含浸セラミックス複合体(61)と、その外周面のみに形成された、アルミナ、ムライト、窒化アルミニウム及び窒化珪素の中から選ばれる1種以上のセラミックスからなる保護層(62)とからなることを特徴とするLED搭載用ウエハ(6)。
- 金属含浸セラミックス複合体(61)が、炭化珪素、窒化アルミニウム、窒化珪素、ダイヤモンド及び黒鉛の中から選ばれる1種類以上を含み、気孔率が10〜50体積%の多孔体又は粉末成形体に、金属が含浸されてなるものであり、板厚が0.05〜0.5mm、表面粗さ(Ra)0.01〜0.5μm、3点曲げ強度が50MPa以上、温度25℃の熱伝導率が150〜500W/mK、温度25℃〜150℃の線熱膨張係数が4〜9×10−6/K、体積固有抵抗が10−9〜10−5Ω・mであることを特徴とする請求項1記載のLED搭載用ウエハ。
- 保護層(62)が、気孔率が3%以下のアルミナ、ムライト、窒化アルミニウム及び窒化珪素の中から選ばれる1種以上のセラミックスからなり、保護層(62)の厚みが3mm以下(0を含まない)、保護層の体積占有率が20体積%以下(0を含まない)であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載のLED搭載用ウエハ。
- 金属含浸セラミックス複合体(61)が、表面に、厚みが0.5〜10μmのNi、Co、Pd、Cu、Ag、Au、Pt及びSnの中から選ばれる1種類以上の金属の薄層(63)を有してなることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のLED搭載用ウエハ。
- セラミックス製の管状体の内部に、セラミックス多孔体、セラミックス粉末成形体及びセラミックス粉末から選ばれた少なくとも一方を充填する工程と、
これらのセラミックス多孔体、セラミックス粉末成形体及びセラミックス粉末から選ばれた少なくとも一方が有する空隙部に金属を含浸させて金属含浸セラミックス複合体を形成する工程と、
を含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のLED搭載用ウエハの製造方法。 - 金属含浸セラミックス複合体を切断して平板状のウエハを形成する工程を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項5に記載のLED搭載用ウエハの製造方法。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のLED搭載用ウエハ(6)の金属含浸セラミックス複合体(61)の部分から切り出された、少なくとも一個の片からなるLED搭載用基板(5)の少なくとも一面に、金属薄層(51)又は金属薄層(51)及び反射層(3)の金属層(31)と、反射層(3)と、LED(2)と、透明導電層(4)とを順次有しており、透明導電層(4)に電極が取り付けられてなることを特徴とするLED搭載構造体。
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