JP5778889B2 - 刺激緩和ポリマーおよびその使用 - Google Patents
刺激緩和ポリマーおよびその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5778889B2 JP5778889B2 JP2009536509A JP2009536509A JP5778889B2 JP 5778889 B2 JP5778889 B2 JP 5778889B2 JP 2009536509 A JP2009536509 A JP 2009536509A JP 2009536509 A JP2009536509 A JP 2009536509A JP 5778889 B2 JP5778889 B2 JP 5778889B2
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- Prior art keywords
- acid
- polymer
- meth
- alkyl
- surfactant
- Prior art date
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 146
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 title description 4
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 title 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 185
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 120
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 103
- -1 2-ethylhexyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 75
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 63
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 46
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001124 (E)-prop-1-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229940091181 aconitic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- GTZCVFVGUGFEME-IWQZZHSRSA-N cis-aconitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C\C(C(O)=O)=C\C(O)=O GTZCVFVGUGFEME-IWQZZHSRSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- GTZCVFVGUGFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-aconitic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)=CC(O)=O GTZCVFVGUGFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N citraconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C\C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940018557 citraconic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 9
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylideneoxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound C=C1CC(=O)OC1=O OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- AYKYXWQEBUNJCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylfuran-2,5-dione Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)OC1=O AYKYXWQEBUNJCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- HETCEOQFVDFGSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropenyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=C)OC(C)=O HETCEOQFVDFGSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- YCUBDDIKWLELPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(=O)OC=C YCUBDDIKWLELPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- IGBZOHMCHDADGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OC=C IGBZOHMCHDADGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- TVFJAZCVMOXQRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 7,7-dimethyloctanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCC(=O)OC=C TVFJAZCVMOXQRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- GFJVXXWOPWLRNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl formate Chemical compound C=COC=O GFJVXXWOPWLRNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010419 pet care Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011345 viscous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XVOUMQNXTGKGMA-OWOJBTEDSA-N (E)-glutaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C\C=C\C(O)=O XVOUMQNXTGKGMA-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WROUWQQRXUBECT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylacrylic acid Chemical compound CCC(=C)C(O)=O WROUWQQRXUBECT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N mesaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C/C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylfumaric acid Natural products OC(=O)C(C)=CC(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical class [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 33
- 239000002453 shampoo Substances 0.000 description 25
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 21
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 18
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- 206010040880 Skin irritation Diseases 0.000 description 9
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 9
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 206010015946 Eye irritation Diseases 0.000 description 8
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 8
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
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- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 8
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- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- LADGBHLMCUINGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricaprin Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC LADGBHLMCUINGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003500 triclosan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HTJNEBVCZXHBNJ-XCTPRCOBSA-H trimagnesium;(2r)-2-[(1s)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-2h-furan-5-one;diphosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O HTJNEBVCZXHBNJ-XCTPRCOBSA-H 0.000 description 1
- NRWCNEBHECBWRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(propyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCC[N+](C)(C)C NRWCNEBHECBWRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RRHXZLALVWBDKH-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethyl]azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC(=C)C(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C RRHXZLALVWBDKH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GXQFALJDHPPWKR-UHFFFAOYSA-L trimethyl-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethyl]azanium;sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.CC(=C)C(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C.CC(=C)C(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C GXQFALJDHPPWKR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000004072 triols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N triton Chemical compound [3H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019156 vitamin B Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011720 vitamin B Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019166 vitamin D Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011710 vitamin D Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003710 vitamin D derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940046008 vitamin d Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007883 water-soluble azo polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002888 zwitterionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/3757—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions
- C11D3/3765—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions in liquid compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F265/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof as defined in group C08F20/00
- C08F265/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof as defined in group C08F20/00 on to polymers of esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F290/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups
- C08F290/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups on to polymers modified by introduction of unsaturated end groups
- C08F290/06—Polymers provided for in subclass C08G
- C08F290/062—Polyethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/44—Preparation of metal salts or ammonium salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L51/003—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Description
CH2=CRX
式中、Rは水素またはメチルであり;Xは−C(O)OR1または−OC(O)R2であり;R1は直鎖または分枝C1〜C9アルキルであり;R2は水素または直鎖もしくは分枝C1〜C9アルキルである。本発明の別の態様では、R1およびR2は直鎖または分枝C1〜C8アルキルであり、さらなる態様では、R1およびR2は直鎖または分枝C2〜C5アルキルである。
R9ZmQnR9
式中、R9は末端基で、同一でも異なってもよいが、ZおよびQとは異なり、Zは25℃の水に対する溶解性が1%未満の疎水性部分であり、Qは25℃の水に対する溶解性が1%を超える親水性部分であり、mおよびnは1以上の整数で、ポリマーの分子量(Mn)が約100〜約250,000になるように選択される。そうした立体安定剤は、参照によって本明細書に援用する米国特許第5,373,044号および同第5,349,030号記載されている。一態様では、本発明の立体安定剤として、フェニックスケミカル(Phoenix Chemical)からPecosil(登録商標)という商標名で販売されているジメチコンコポリオール、ジメチコンコポリオールエステルおよびジメチコンコポリオールフタラートがある。上記に式ABAで定義した線状ブロックコポリマーは、ユニケマ(Uniquema)からHypermer(Hypermer B−246など)という商標名で入手できる。任意の立体安定剤が存在する場合、モノマー混合物は、ほとんどの場合、混合物中の一不飽和酸と疎水性コモノマーの100重量部当たり約0.1〜約10重量部で含む。
濁度
組成物を含む界面活性剤の濁度を報告する場合、蒸留水(NTU=0)を基準として比濁計濁度メーター(Mircro100Turbidimeter,HFサイエンティフィック(HF Scientific,Inc.))を用いて比濁計濁度単位(NTU:Nephelometric Turbidity Unit)で測定した。6ドラムのスクリューキャップバイアル(70mm×25mm)にほぼ上部まで被検サンプルを充填し、すべての泡が除去されるまで100rpmで遠心する。遠心の際、各サンプルバイアルをティッシュペーパーで拭き取り汚れを除去してから濁度メーターに導入する。このサンプルを濁度メーターに導入して測定値を得る。測定値が安定したら、NTU値を記録する。このバイアルを4分の1回転させ、さらに測定値を得て記録する。これを4つの測定値が得られるまで繰り返す。4つの測定値のうち最も低いものを濁度値として報告する。NTU値が約90以上の組成物を濁りと判断した。
Brookfield回転スピンドル法:組成物を含む各ポリマーの粘度を、周囲室温約20〜25℃、毎分約20回転(rpm)でBrookfield回転スピンドル粘度計Modeel RVT(ブルックフィールエンジニアリングラボラトリーズインク(Brookfield Engineering Laboratories,Inc.))を用いてmPa・sで測定する(以下、粘度という)。適切なスピンドルのサイズは、実施例に記載してある。
降伏値は降伏応力とも呼ばれ、応力を加えたときの流れに対する初期抵抗と定義される。これを、Brookfield粘度計(Model RVT)を用いてBrookfield降伏値(BYV:Brookfield Yield Value)外挿法で測定する。Brookfield粘度計を用いて、液体サンプルに入れたスピンドルを0.5〜100rpmの速度で回転させるのに必要なトルクを測定する。このトルク測定値にスピンドルおよび速度の適切な定数を乗じて見掛け粘度を得る。測定値を剪断速度ゼロに外挿して降伏値を求める。BYVは、以下の式で計算される:
BYV、dyn/cm2=(ηα1−ηα2)/100
式中、ηα1およびηα2は、2種類のスピンドル速度(それぞれ0.5rpmおよび1.0rpm)で得られた見掛け粘度である。こうした降伏値測定の技法および有用性は、参照によって本明細書に援用するルーブリゾールアドバンスドマテリアルズインクのノベオンコンシューマースペシャリティーズのTechnical Data Sheet Number 244(Revision:5/98)に説明されている。低降伏値(<50dyns/cm2)からは、滑らかでニュートン流体のような特性が示される。
被検サンプル水溶液のCMCについては、周囲室温で界面活性剤濃度を一定の範囲で徐々に高めサンプルの表面張力を測定して判定する(正滴定張力測定試験(Forward Titration Tensiometry Test))。被検サンプルに、自動添加メーター665DosimatとLabDesk(商標)(CMCアドオンプログラムを含むバージョン3.0)測定および解析ソフトウェアをロードしたパーソナルコンピューターとを統合したKruss K12自動張力計(クルスUSA(Kruss USA),マシューズ(Matthews),ノースカロライナ州)を用いて界面活性剤含有溶液を連続的に加える。この試験を、白金プレート(幅19.9mm×高さ10mm×厚み0.2mm)およびSV20ガラスサンプル容器(vessel)(直径66.5mm×高さ35.0mm;体積=121.563ml)を用いてウィルヘルミプレート法で行う(Holmberg,K.;Jonsson,B.;Kronberg,B.;Lindman,B.Surfactants and Polymers in Aqueous Solution,Wiley & Sons,p.347)。
ポリマーサンプルの数平均(Mn)を、ポリマーラボラトリーズ(Polymer Laboratories)製のPL−220高温GPC装置を用いてGPC法により判定する。この装置は、Waters Empower Pro LC/GPCソフトウェアを導入したCompaq Dell OptiPlex GX270コンピューターを統合している。ポリマーサンプル約0.02gを、250ppmのBHT(butylated hydroxytoluene)および0.05モルのNaNO3を含む5mlのジメチルアクトアミド(DMAc)に溶解する。この被検サンプル溶液を約2時間穏やかに振盪し、0.45μmのPTFEディスポーザブルディスクフィルターで濾過する。クロマトグラフ条件を以下のようにする:
移動相:250ppmのBHTと0.05mのNaNO3を含むDMAc、70℃、1.0ml/分。
サンプルサイズ:100μl
カラムセット:PLgel(ガード+2×Mixed−B)、すべて10μm、直列
検出器:屈折率検出器
較正標準:PMMA 。
本発明の非架橋線状アクリルコポリマーを調製する一般的なエマルジョン重合手順は、以下のとおりである。窒素入口および混合撹拌機を備えた第1の反応器においてモノマーエマルジョンを、所望の量の各モノマーと乳化量の陰イオン界面活性剤を含む水とを組み合わせて調製する。この各要素を窒素雰囲気下でエマルジョンが得られるまで混合する。混合撹拌機、窒素入口およびフィードポンプを備えた第2の反応器に、所望の量の水および任意に追加の陰イオン界面活性剤を加える。内容物を混合撹拌しながら窒素雰囲気下で加熱する。第2の反応器の温度が約70〜95℃の範囲に達してから、所望の量のフリーラジカル開始剤を第2の反応器内の溶液に注入する。次いで第1の反応器のモノマーエマルジョンを、反応温度を約80〜90℃の範囲に制御して約1〜約4時間の期間にわたり第2の反応器に計量する。モノマー添加の終了後、必要に応じて一定量のフリーラジカル開始剤を第2の反応器にさらに加えてもよい。得られた反応混合物を約85〜95℃の温度で重合反応が終了するのに十分な期間、一般に約90分保持する。その後、得られたポリマーエマルジョンを冷却してもよく、反応器から取り出してもよい。
モノマー反応混合物を、約500rpmで回転する撹拌機を装備した、窒素雰囲気下の第1の反応器内で調製する。表1に記載の量(全モノマー重量に対するwt.%)のモノマーを、約1.0重量%の30%水性ラウリル硫酸ナトリウムを含む約17.5重量%の脱イオン水を含む反応器に秤量する。混合撹拌機、窒素入口およびフィードポンプを備えた第2の反応器に約47.0重量%の脱イオン水と約0.1重量%の30%水性ラウリル硫酸ナトリウムとを加える。第2の反応器の内容物を窒素雰囲気下で回転速度約350rpmで混合撹拌しながら加熱する。第2の反応器の内容物の温度が約85〜88℃の範囲に達してから、このように形成された第2の反応器内の熱い界面活性剤溶液に約0.6重量%の2.5%過硫酸アンモニウム溶液(フリーラジカル開始剤)を注入する。第1の反応器のモノマー混合物の水性エマルジョンを、約100〜120分の期間にわたり反応温度を約85〜88℃の範囲に制御した第2の反応器に徐々にする。同時に、約4.5重量%の0.25%過硫酸アンモニウム溶液を約120〜150分かけて第2の反応器内の反応混合物に秤量し、反応温度を約90℃に維持する。残存のない完全な重合に追加量の開始剤を加えてもよい。得られたポリマーエマルジョンを室温まで冷却し、反応器から取り出し、回収する。
実施例2〜9までの非架橋線状ポリマーの粘度、降伏値および濁度値を測定し、表2に報告する。非架橋線状ポリマーの粘質物を、脱イオン水に溶かした1、2、3および5wt.%の各ポリマー(ポリマー固形分)を18%NaOH水溶液を用いてpH約7に中和して調製する。
(比較例)
比較実施例1の架橋ポリマーと、Carbopol(登録商標)Aqua SF−1およびCarbopol(登録商標)ETD2020として市販されている2つの架橋アクリル含有コポリマーとの粘度、降伏値および濁度値を測定する。実施例9〜15と同様に架橋ポリマーの粘質物を調製する。Carbopol ETD2020から調製した粘質物の高粘稠特性のため、粘質物とpH測定プローブとが密着できない。したがって、ETD2020粘質物を目標pH点でなく、約6.5〜約7.5の目標pH範囲に中和する。測定した各ポリマーのレオロジー特性を表3に示す。
2Carbopol(登録商標)ETD 2020=(メタ)アクリル酸およびC10〜C30アルキルアクリラートの架橋コポリマー(ルーブリゾールアドバンスドマテリアルズインクのノベオンコンシューマースペシャリティーズから入手可能)
注記1:粘質物の粘度および降伏値が高すぎてチャネリング現象のため標準スピンドルを用いたBrookfield RVT粘度計では測定できない
注記2:粘稠過ぎてNTUを測定できない。
比較例
Carbopol(登録商標)ETD2020レオロジー調整剤の1、2、3、4および5wt.%(ポリマー固形分)粘質物の粘度を、Brookfield Helipath(商標)StandおよびTバースピンドル(T−7)を備えたBrookfield RVT粘度計を用いて判定する。実施例18と同様に粘質物サンプルを調製する。粘度の結果を表4に記載する。
2種類の陰イオン界面活性剤組成物、ラウレス−2硫酸ナトリウム(SLES−2)および非架橋線状ポリマーを含む組成物と、SLES−2および市販されている架橋ポリマーを含む組成物とのCMCを、Kruss K12自動張力計で作成した張力測定データをプロットして判定する。界面活性剤原液を5762mg/Lとし、SLES−2を0mg/L〜3200mg/Lで添加量調節する以外は、CMCプロトコルに記載されているとおりCMC法を用いる。各ポリマー(500mg/L)の複数のサンプルで添加量調節を行い、各サンプルを18%NaOH溶液を用いてすぐ下の表に示す中和度(DN)に中和する。所望の中和度にするため添加するNaOHの量は、ポリマーそれぞれの酸価に基づく。添加量調節には実施例7の非架橋線状ポリマーおよびCarbopol(登録商標)Aqua SF−1という商標名で市販されている架橋ポリマーを用いる。それぞれのDNにおける各ポリマーのCMC値を表5に示す。
非イオン界面活性剤において実施例7の非架橋線状ポリマーおよび市販されている架橋ポリマーCarbopol(登録商標)Aqua SF−1の濃度を上げたときのCMC値については、Kruss K12自動張力計により作成された張力測定データをプロットすることで得られる。界面活性剤原液を5752mg/Lとし、界面活性剤を0mg/L〜3257mg/Lで添加量調節する以外は、CMCプロトコルに記載されているとおりCMC法を用いる。被検ポリマー溶液の濃度の範囲は、250mg/L刻みで0mg/L〜1000mg/Lとする。非イオン界面活性剤は、Tomadol(登録商標)25−7として入手できるエトキシル化(約7エチレンオキシド単位)直鎖C12〜C15アルコールである。2つのポリマーの得られたCMC値の比較プロットを図3に示す。ポリマー濃度が上昇すると、2つのポリマーはともに、CMC値の上昇を示す。しかしながら、同じポリマー濃度では非架橋線状ポリマーの方が高いCMC値を示す。
本発明の非架橋線状ポリマーおよび2つの比較架橋ポリマーのレオロジー特性(粘度、降伏値など)および濁度を、市販されているシャンプー組成物にポリマーを別々に配合して評価する。小売店で購入した市販のシャンプーJohnson’s(登録商標)Baby Shampoo(ジョンソンアンドジョンソンコンシューマーカンパニーズインコーポレイテッドインク)(ロットNo.718844)をpH、粘度、降伏値および濁度について評価する。このレオロジー特性値を対照実験として記録する。市販シャンプーの94gのアリコート3つを別のガラス容器に秤量する。穏やかに撹拌しながら、それぞれの容器に以下の表に記載の各ポリマーエマルジョン6gを加え、各サンプル中に約1.8グラムの活性ポリマー固形分を得る。18%NaOH溶液を用いて各被検サンプルのpH値をおおよそ市販の対照サンプルのpH値に調整する。結果を表6に示す。
実施例22〜24に記載の手順に従い、本発明の非架橋線状ポリマーおよび比較架橋ポリマーのレオロジー特性(粘度および降伏値など)および濁度を、小売店で購入しSLES−2ベースの市販シャンプーJohnson’s(登録商標)Head−to−Toe(登録商標)Baby Wash(ジョンソンアンドジョンソンコンシューマーカンパニーズインコーポレイテッドインク)(ロットNo.720842)にポリマーを別々に配合して評価する。結果を表7に示す。
実施例7の非架橋線状ポリマーおよび市販されている架橋ポリマーCarbopol(登録商標)Aqua SF−1の粘度を、ポリマーの中和度を上げながら測定する。各ポリマー(脱イオン水中の1wt.%ポリマー固形分)の複数の粘質物を調製する。各ポリマーの粘質物を20、40、60、80および100%DNに中和する。さらに、各ポリマーの粘質物サンプルを150および200%DNに中和する。ポリマーサンプルを18%NaOH溶液(NaOHの使用量はポリマーの酸価に基づき算出)で中和する。各粘質物サンプルの粘度を24時間後に上記の粘度手順を用いて測定する。結果を図4にプロットしてある。
本発明の好ましい実施形態によれば、例えば、以下が提供される。
(項1) 疎水性修飾(メタ)アクリルポリマーを含む界面活性剤組成物の臨界ミセル濃度を上げる方法であって、該ポリマーを該ポリマーの酸価に基づき約1〜約75%の範囲の中和度(degree of neutralization)に中和することを含む、方法。
(項2) 前記中和度は前記ポリマーの酸価に基づき約5〜約60%の範囲にある、上記項1に記載の方法。
(項3) 前記中和度は前記ポリマーの酸価に基づき約15〜約30%の範囲にある、上記項1に記載の方法。
(項4) 前記ポリマーはモノマーを含む少なくとも1つの一不飽和カルボン酸および少なくとも1つの疎水性修飾エチレン性不飽和コモノマーを含むモノマー組成物から重合される、上記項1に記載の方法。
(項5) 前記モノマーを含む少なくとも1つの一不飽和カルボン酸は(メタ)アクリル酸、エタクリル酸、イタコン酸、シトラコン酸、メサコン酸、グルタコン酸、フマル酸、クロトン酸、マレイン酸、アコニット酸、マレイン酸無水物、イタコン酸無水物、シトラコン酸無水物、C 1 〜C 30 アルカノールでエステル化されたマレイン酸、フマル酸、イタコン酸、アコニット酸、マレイン酸無水物、イタコン酸無水物、シトラコン酸無水物のハーフエステルおよびこれらの混合物から選択される、上記項4に記載の方法。
(項6) 前記少なくとも1つの疎水性修飾エチレン性不飽和コモノマーは式(I)および(II)およびこれらの組み合わせで表され:
式中、R 3 は水素、メチルまたはエチルを示し;Xは酸素またはNHを示し;R 4 はC 1 〜C 30 アルキル、C 5 〜C 8 シクロアルキルまたはアリールを示し;
式中、R 5 は各々独立に水素、メチル、−C(O)OHおよび−C(O)OR 6 を示し;R 6 はC 1 〜C 30 アルキルであり;Aは−CH 2 C(O)O−、−C(O)O−、−O−、−CH 2 O−、−NHC(O)NH−、−C(O)NH−、−Ar−(CE 2 ) Z −NHC(O)O−、−Ar−(CE 2 ) Z −NHC(O)NH−および−CH 2 CH 2 NHC(O)−であり;Arは二価アリールであり;EはHまたはメチルであり;zは0または1であり;kは0〜約30の範囲の整数であり、mは0または1であり、ただし、kが0の場合、mは0であり、kが1〜約30の範囲にある場合、mは1であり;(R 7 −O) n はC 2 〜C 4 オキシアルキレン単位のホモポリマー、ランダムコポリマーまたはブロックコポリマーであるポリオキシアルキレンであり、式中、R 7 は−C 2 H 4 −、−C 3 H 6 −、−C 4 H 8 −であり、nは約5〜約250の範囲の整数であり、Yは−R 4 O−、−R 4 NH−、−C(O)−、−C(O)NH−、−R 4 NHC(O)NH−または−C(O)NHC(O)−であり;R 8 はC 8 〜C 40 直鎖アルキル、C 8 〜C 40 分枝アルキル、C 8 〜C 40 炭素環式アルキル、C 2 〜C 40 アルキル置換フェニル、アリール置換C 2 〜C 40 アルキルから選択される置換または非置換アルキルであり、該R 8 アルキル基は任意にヒドロキシル基、アルコキシル基およびハロゲン基から選択される1つまたは複数の置換基で置換されており;R 8 は、たとえば、ラノリンまたはコレステロールなどの多環式ヒドロカルビル化合物の残基および、たとえば、水素化ヒマシ油(castor seed oil)などの種子油の残基から選択されてもよい、
モノマーから選択される、上記項4に記載の方法。
(項7) 前記ポリマーは陰イオン性モノマー、陽イオン性モノマー、モニオニック(monionic)モノマー、両性モノマーおよびこれらの混合物から選択されるモノマーをさらに含むモノマー組成物から重合される、上記項6に記載の方法。
(項8) 前記ポリマーは架橋モノマーをさらに含むモノマー組成物から重合される、上記項6に記載の方法。
(項9) 線状疎水性修飾(メタ)アクリルポリマーを含む界面活性剤組成物の臨界ミセル濃度を上げる方法であって、該ポリマーを該ポリマーの酸価に基づき約1〜約75%の範囲の中和度に中和することを含み、かつ18%NaOH溶液で(and)約pH7に中和された脱イオン水中の該ポリマーの3wt.%粘質物は20〜25℃の温度範囲で降伏値が0であり、ブルックフィールド粘度が1000mPa・s(Brookfield RVT、20rpm、スピンドルNo.1)未満である、方法。
(項10) 前記中和度は前記ポリマーの酸価に基づき約5〜約60%の範囲にある、上記項9に記載の方法。
(項11) 前記中和度は前記ポリマーの酸価に基づき約15〜約30%の範囲にある、上記項9に記載の方法。
(項12) 前記線状ポリマーはモノマーを含む少なくとも1つの一不飽和カルボン酸および以下の式で表される少なくとも1つの疎水性修飾エチレン性不飽和コモノマーを含むモノマー組成物から重合され:
CH 2 =CRX
式中、Rは水素およびメチルから選択され;Xは−C(O)OR 1 および−OC(O)R 2 から選択され;R 1 は直鎖および分枝C 1 〜C 9 アルキルから選択され;R 2 は水素および直鎖または分枝C 1 〜C 9 アルキルから選択される、
上記項9に記載の方法。
(項13) 前記線状ポリマーは(メタ)アクリル酸、イタコン酸、シトラコン酸、マレイン酸、フマル酸、クロトン酸、アコニット酸;これらの無水物;これらのC 1 〜C 30 アルカノールのモノエステル;およびこれらの混合物を含むモノマー組成物から重合される、上記項12に記載の方法。
(項14) 前記少なくとも1つの疎水性修飾エチレン性不飽和コモノマーはエチル(メタ)アクリレート、ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、2−エチルヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、ギ酸ビニル、酢酸ビニル、1−メチルビニルアセテート、プロピオン酸ビニル、酪酸ビニル、ビニル2−エチルヘキサノエート、ピバル酸ビニル、ネオデカン酸ビニルおよびこれらの混合物から選択される、上記項13に記載の方法。
(項15) 前記線状ポリマーの分子量は100,000M n 以下である、上記項14に記載の方法。
(項16) 前記(a)疎水性修飾エチレン性不飽和モノマーはC 1 〜C 9 アルキル(メタ)アクリレートから選択され、かつPMMA標準で較正したGPCにより測定した前記ポリマーの分子量は100,000M n 以下であり、ブルックフィールド粘度は18wt.%NaOH溶液でpH7に中和した脱イオン水中の5wt.%ポリマー固形分濃度において500mPa・s以下(Brookfield RVT、20rpm、スピンドルNo.1)である、上記項12に記載の方法。
(項17) 界面活性剤および線状疎水性修飾(メタ)アクリルポリマーを含む家庭ケア、ペットケア、動物ケア、工業および施設ケア浄化組成物の臨界ミセル濃度を上げる方法であって、該ポリマーを該ポリマーの酸価に基づき約1〜約75%の範囲の中和度に中和することを含み、かつ18%NaOH溶液で(and)約pH7に中和した脱イオン水中の該ポリマーの3wt.%粘質物は20〜25℃の温度範囲で降伏値が0であり、ブルックフィールド粘度が1000mPa・s未満(Brookfield RVT、20rpm、スピンドルNo.1)である、方法。
(項18) 前記中和度は前記ポリマーの酸価に基づき約5〜約60%の範囲にある、上記項17に記載の方法。
(項19) 前記中和度は前記ポリマーの酸価に基づき約15〜約30%の範囲にある、上記項17に記載の方法。
(項20) 前記線状ポリマーはモノマーを含む少なくとも1つの一不飽和カルボン酸および以下の式で表される少なくとも1つの疎水性修飾エチレン性不飽和コモノマーを含むモノマー組成物から重合され:
CH 2 =CRX
式中、Rは水素およびメチルから選択され;Xは−C(O)OR 1 および−OC(O)R 2 から選択され;R 1 は直鎖および分枝C 1 〜C 9 アルキルから選択され;R 2 は水素および直鎖または分枝C 1 〜C 9 アルキルから選択される、
上記項17に記載の方法。
(項21) 前記線状ポリマーは(メタ)アクリル酸、イタコン酸、シトラコン酸、マレイン酸、フマル酸、クロトン酸、アコニット酸;これらの無水物;これらのC 1 〜C 30 アルカノールのモノエステル;およびこれらの混合物を含むモノマー組成物から重合される、上記項20に記載の方法。
(項22) 前記少なくとも1つの疎水性修飾エチレン性不飽和コモノマーはエチル(メタ)アクリレート、ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、2−エチルヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、ギ酸ビニル、酢酸ビニル、1−メチルビニルアセテート、プロピオン酸ビニル、酪酸ビニル、ビニル2−エチルヘキサノアート、ピバル酸ビニル、ネオデカン酸ビニルおよびこれらの混合物から選択される、上記項21に記載の方法。
(項23) 前記線状ポリマーの分子量は100,000M n 以下である、上記項22に記載の方法。
(項24) 前記界面活性剤は陰イオン界面活性剤(単数または複数)、陽イオン界面活性剤(単数または複数)、両性界面活性剤(単数または複数)、モニオニック(monionic)界面活性剤(単数または複数)およびこれらの混合物から選択される、上記項17に記載の方法。
Claims (13)
- 線状疎水性修飾(メタ)アクリルポリマーを含む界面活性剤組成物の臨界ミセル濃度を上げる方法であって、該ポリマーを該ポリマーの酸価に基づき5〜50%の範囲の中和度(degree of neutralization)に中和することを含み、
ここで、該ポリマーはモノマーを含む少なくとも1つの一不飽和カルボン酸および少なくとも1つの疎水性修飾エチレン性不飽和コモノマーを含むモノマー組成物から重合され、該モノマーを含む少なくとも1つの一不飽和カルボン酸は(メタ)アクリル酸、エタクリル酸、イタコン酸、シトラコン酸、メサコン酸、グルタコン酸、フマル酸、クロトン酸、マレイン酸、アコニット酸、マレイン酸無水物、イタコン酸無水物、シトラコン酸無水物、C1〜C30アルカノールでエステル化されたマレイン酸、フマル酸、イタコン酸、アコニット酸、マレイン酸無水物、イタコン酸無水物、シトラコン酸無水物のハーフエステルおよびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択され、そして、
該少なくとも1つの疎水性修飾エチレン性不飽和コモノマーは式(I)、式(II)およびこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択され:
- 前記中和度は前記ポリマーの酸価に基づき15〜30%の範囲にある、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリマーは陰イオン性モノマー、陽イオン性モノマー、非イオン性モノマー、両性モノマーおよびこれらの混合物から選択されるモノマーをさらに含むモノマー組成物から重合される、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 線状疎水性修飾(メタ)アクリルポリマーを含む界面活性剤組成物の臨界ミセル濃度を上げる方法であって、該ポリマーを該ポリマーの酸価に基づき5〜50%の範囲の中和度に中和することを含み、かつ18%NaOH溶液でpH7に中和された脱イオン水中の該ポリマーの3wt.%粘質物は20〜25℃の温度範囲で降伏値が0であり、ブルックフィールド粘度が1000mPa・s(Brookfield RVT、20rpm、スピンドルNo.1)未満であり、
ここで、該ポリマーはモノマーを含む少なくとも1つの一不飽和カルボン酸および以下の式で表される少なくとも1つの疎水性修飾エチレン性不飽和コモノマーを含むモノマー組成物から重合され:
CH2=CRX
式中、Rは水素およびメチルから選択され;Xは−C(O)OR1および−OC(O)R2から選択され;R1は直鎖および分枝C1〜C9アルキルから選択され;R2は水素および直鎖または分枝C1〜C9アルキルから選択され、そして、
該モノマーを含む少なくとも1つの一不飽和カルボン酸は(メタ)アクリル酸、イタコン酸、シトラコン酸、マレイン酸、フマル酸、クロトン酸、アコニット酸;これらの無水物;これらのC1〜C30アルカノールのモノエステル;およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、方法。 - 前記中和度は前記ポリマーの酸価に基づき15〜30%の範囲にある、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの疎水性修飾エチレン性不飽和コモノマーはエチル(メタ)アクリレート、ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、2−エチルヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、ギ酸ビニル、酢酸ビニル、1−メチルビニルアセテート、プロピオン酸ビニル、酪酸ビニル、ビニル2−エチルヘキサノエート、ピバル酸ビニル、ネオデカン酸ビニルおよびこれらの混合物から選択される、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記線状ポリマーの分子量は100,000Mn以下である、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記(a)疎水性修飾エチレン性不飽和モノマーはC1〜C9アルキル(メタ)アクリレートから選択され、かつPMMA標準で較正したGPCにより測定した前記ポリマーの分子量は100,000Mn以下であり、ブルックフィールド粘度は18wt.%NaOH溶液でpH7に中和した脱イオン水中の5wt.%ポリマー固形分濃度において500mPa・s以下(Brookfield RVT、20rpm、スピンドルNo.1)である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 界面活性剤および線状疎水性修飾(メタ)アクリルポリマーを含む家庭ケア、ペットケア、動物ケア、工業および施設ケア浄化組成物の臨界ミセル濃度を上げる方法であって、該ポリマーを該ポリマーの酸価に基づき5〜50%の範囲の中和度に中和することを含み、かつ18%NaOH溶液でpH7に中和した脱イオン水中の該ポリマーの3wt.%粘質物は20〜25℃の温度範囲で降伏値が0であり、ブルックフィールド粘度が1000mPa・s未満(Brookfield RVT、20rpm、スピンドルNo.1)であり、
ここで、該線状ポリマーはモノマーを含む少なくとも1つの一不飽和カルボン酸および以下の式で表される少なくとも1つの疎水性修飾エチレン性不飽和コモノマーを含むモノマー組成物から重合され:
CH2=CRX
式中、Rは水素およびメチルから選択され;Xは−C(O)OR1および−OC(O)R2から選択され;R1は直鎖および分枝C1〜C9アルキルから選択され;R2は水素および直鎖または分枝C1〜C9アルキルから選択され、そして、
該モノマーを含む少なくとも1つの一不飽和カルボン酸は(メタ)アクリル酸、イタコン酸、シトラコン酸、マレイン酸、フマル酸、クロトン酸、アコニット酸;これらの無水物;これらのC1〜C30アルカノールのモノエステル;およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、方法。 - 前記中和度は前記ポリマーの酸価に基づき15〜30%の範囲にある、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの疎水性修飾エチレン性不飽和コモノマーはエチル(メタ)アクリレート、ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、2−エチルヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、ギ酸ビニル、酢酸ビニル、1−メチルビニルアセテート、プロピオン酸ビニル、酪酸ビニル、ビニル2−エチルヘキサノエート、ピバル酸ビニル、ネオデカン酸ビニルおよびこれらの混合物から選択される、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記線状ポリマーの分子量は100,000Mn以下である、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記界面活性剤は陰イオン界面活性剤、陽イオン界面活性剤、両性界面活性剤、非イオン界面活性剤およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項9に記載の方法。
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BRPI0718034A2 (pt) | 2013-11-12 |
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