JP5775093B2 - 能動フォトニック結晶構造を有する高出力量子カスケードレーザ - Google Patents
能動フォトニック結晶構造を有する高出力量子カスケードレーザ Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004038 photonic crystal Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000004867 photoacoustic spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910005542 GaSb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004141 dimensional analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010330 laser marking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
- H01S5/34—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers
- H01S5/3401—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers having no PN junction, e.g. unipolar lasers, intersubband lasers, quantum cascade lasers
- H01S5/3402—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers having no PN junction, e.g. unipolar lasers, intersubband lasers, quantum cascade lasers intersubband lasers, e.g. transitions within the conduction or valence bands
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/40—Arrangement of two or more semiconductor lasers, not provided for in groups H01S5/02 - H01S5/30
- H01S5/4025—Array arrangements, e.g. constituted by discrete laser diodes or laser bar
- H01S5/4031—Edge-emitting structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
- H01S5/024—Arrangements for thermal management
- H01S5/02461—Structure or details of the laser chip to manipulate the heat flow, e.g. passive layers in the chip with a low heat conductivity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/20—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers
- H01S5/22—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure
- H01S5/2205—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure comprising special burying or current confinement layers
- H01S5/2222—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure comprising special burying or current confinement layers having special electric properties
- H01S5/2224—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure comprising special burying or current confinement layers having special electric properties semi-insulating semiconductors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
- H01S5/32—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures
- H01S5/3211—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures characterised by special cladding layers, e.g. details on band-discontinuities
- H01S5/3213—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures characterised by special cladding layers, e.g. details on band-discontinuities asymmetric clading layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/40—Arrangement of two or more semiconductor lasers, not provided for in groups H01S5/02 - H01S5/30
- H01S5/4025—Array arrangements, e.g. constituted by discrete laser diodes or laser bar
- H01S5/4081—Near-or far field control
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Description
Claims (18)
- 半導体レーザアレイデバイスであって、
(a)コアを含む量子カスケードレーザ構造と、
(b)前記量子カスケードレーザ構造の上方に光閉じ込め材料の少なくとも1つの層と、前記量子カスケードレーザ構造の下方に光閉じ込め材料の少なくとも1つの層とを含む光閉じ込め構造と、
(c)前記光閉じ込め構造の上方にクラッド材料の少なくとも1つの層と、前記光閉じ込め構造の下方にクラッド材料の少なくとも1つの層とを含むクラッド構造と、
(d)横方向に離間した複数のトレンチ領域であって、前記量子カスケードレーザ構造の一部が該横方向に離間した複数のトレンチ領域の下方に配置されるように、前記量子カスケードレーザ構造内へ部分的に縦方向に延びる、トレンチ領域と、
を備え、各トレンチ領域は、半絶縁性材料を含む下側トレンチ層と、前記半絶縁性材料の屈折率よりも高い屈折率を有する材料を含む上側トレンチ層とを備え、前記トレンチ領域は更に、前記レーザアレイデバイスにおける素子領域によって分離された素子間領域を構成し、
前記素子間領域に対応する基本横モードの有効屈折率は、前記素子領域に対応する基本横モードの有効屈折率よりも大きく、更に、前記レーザアレイデバイスは、全ての素子領域の間に漏洩波による強い結合がある横方向共振条件に適合する同相アレイモードを生成するよう設計されている
ことを特徴とする半導体レーザアレイデバイス。 - 前記各トレンチ領域は更に、前記上側トレンチ層の上方に配置された熱伝導材料の層を含む、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記クラッド構造及び前記横方向に離間した複数のトレンチ領域の上に配置された金属の層を更に含む、請求項2に記載のデバイス。
- 前記金属層の下側表面と前記量子カスケードレーザ構造の最上面との間の距離は、前記素子領域におけるよりも前記素子間領域においてより小さい、請求項3に記載のデバイス。
- 前記デバイスは、連続波又は準連続波作動中に、少なくとも2.5Wのコヒーレント平均出力パワーを有して8μmで放出するよう構成される、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記デバイスは、少なくとも15%のウォールプラグ効率を提供するよう構成される、請求項5に記載のデバイス。
- 前記素子間領域に対応する基本横モードの有効屈折率と前記素子領域に対応する基本横モードの有効屈折率との間の屈折率ステップが、少なくとも0.05である、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記素子領域の幅は、前記素子間領域の幅の約5倍である、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記トレンチ領域は、前記量子カスケードレーザ構造の厚みの少なくとも25%を通って延びる、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記レーザアレイの外側縁部において前記素子領域に隣接する境界領域を更に備え、該境界領域はトレンチ領域と同じ材料を含む、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記コアは複数の結合レーザ段を含み、前記複数の結合レーザ段の各々は、電子入射器と、少なくとも1つの量子井戸を有するアクティブレーザ発振領域と、電子反射器とを含む、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記アクティブレーザ発振領域は深井戸構造を有する、請求項11に記載のデバイス。
- 前記コアは複数の結合レーザ段を含み、前記複数の結合レーザ段の各々は、電子入射器と、少なくとも1つの量子井戸を有するアクティブレーザ発振領域と、電子反射器とを含み、前記量子カスケードレーザ構造は、AlInAs障壁層とInGaAs井戸層とを交互に含む、請求項2に記載のデバイス。
- 前記アクティブレーザ発振領域は深井戸構造を有する、請求項13に記載のデバイス。
- 前記下側トレンチ層はInPを含み、前記上側トレンチ層はInGaAsを含み、前記熱伝導材料はn-−InPを含む、請求項13に記載のデバイス。
- 半導体レーザアレイデバイスを製造する方法であって、
(a)構造体に横方向に離間した複数のトレンチを形成する段階を有し、前記構造体は、
(i)コアを含む量子カスケードレーザ構造と、
(ii)前記量子カスケードレーザ構造の上方に光閉じ込め材料の少なくとも1つの層と、前記量子カスケードレーザ構造の下方に光閉じ込め材料の少なくとも1つの層とを含む光閉じ込め構造と、
(iii)前記光閉じ込め構造の上方にクラッド材料の少なくとも1つの層と、前記光閉じ込め構造の下方にクラッド材料の少なくとも1つの層とを含むクラッド構造とを備え、前記トレンチは、前記量子カスケードレーザ構造の一部が前記トレンチの下方に配置されるように、前記構造体内へ縦方向に延び、前記量子カスケードレーザ構造を部分的に通り、
前記方法は更に、
(b)前記トレンチの各々に、半絶縁性材料を含む下側トレンチ層を成長させる段階と、
(c)前記トレンチの各々に、前記半絶縁性材料の屈折率よりも大きい屈折率を有する材料を含む上側トレンチ層を成長させる段階と、
を有し、これにより素子間領域によって分離される複数の素子領域が前記レーザアレイデバイスに構成され、前記素子間領域に対応する基本横モードの有効屈折率は、前記素子領域に対応する基本横モードの有効屈折率よりも大きく、更に、前記レーザアレイデバイスは、全素子領域間に漏洩波による強い結合がある横方向共振条件に適合する同相アレイモードを生成するよう設計されている
ことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記各上側トレンチ層の上方に熱伝導材料の層を成長させる段階を更に含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記クラッド構造の上に金属の層を堆積させる段階を更に含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
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US12/639,178 US8259767B2 (en) | 2009-12-16 | 2009-12-16 | High-power quantum cascade lasers with active-photonic-crystal structure |
US12/639,178 | 2009-12-16 | ||
PCT/US2010/051740 WO2011084201A1 (en) | 2009-12-16 | 2010-10-07 | High-power quantum cascade lasers with active-photonic-crystal structure |
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JP5775093B2 true JP5775093B2 (ja) | 2015-09-09 |
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EP (1) | EP2514050B1 (ja) |
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US8428093B2 (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2013-04-23 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | High-power quantum cascade lasers with active-photonic-crystal structure for single, in-phase mode operation |
US9548590B2 (en) | 2011-11-29 | 2017-01-17 | Thorlabs Quantum Electronics, Inc. | Quantum cascade laser design with stepped well active region |
JP2013149665A (ja) * | 2012-01-17 | 2013-08-01 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 量子カスケード半導体レーザ |
JP2013254907A (ja) * | 2012-06-08 | 2013-12-19 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 量子カスケード半導体レーザ |
WO2014018776A1 (en) * | 2012-07-26 | 2014-01-30 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Photonic integrated circuits based on quantum cascade structures |
WO2016087888A1 (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2016-06-09 | Alpes Lasers Sa | Quantum cascade laser with current blocking layers |
US9742151B1 (en) | 2016-05-04 | 2017-08-22 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Terahertz quantum cascade lasers |
US10084282B1 (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2018-09-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Fundamental mode operation in broad area quantum cascade lasers |
US11031753B1 (en) | 2017-11-13 | 2021-06-08 | The Government Of The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Extracting the fundamental mode in broad area quantum cascade lasers |
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JPS60133780A (ja) * | 1983-12-21 | 1985-07-16 | Nec Corp | 半導体レ−ザ |
US4860298A (en) * | 1988-04-12 | 1989-08-22 | Dan Botez | Phased-locked array of semiconductor lasers using closely spaced antiguides |
US4985897A (en) | 1988-10-07 | 1991-01-15 | Trw Inc. | Semiconductor laser array having high power and high beam quality |
US5062115A (en) | 1990-12-28 | 1991-10-29 | Xerox Corporation | High density, independently addressable, surface emitting semiconductor laser/light emitting diode arrays |
JPH05167175A (ja) | 1991-12-13 | 1993-07-02 | Matsushita Electron Corp | 半導体レーザアレイ装置 |
US5297158A (en) | 1991-04-22 | 1994-03-22 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor laser device including a gallium-aluminum arsenic compound |
US5386429A (en) | 1992-03-31 | 1995-01-31 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Low operating current and low noise semiconductor laser device for optical disk memories |
JP2006093466A (ja) | 2004-09-24 | 2006-04-06 | Toshiba Corp | 多波長半導体レーザ素子および多波長半導体レーザ装置 |
JP2007035854A (ja) | 2005-07-26 | 2007-02-08 | Toshiba Corp | 半導体レーザアレイ及び半導体レーザ装置 |
US7403552B2 (en) | 2006-03-10 | 2008-07-22 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | High efficiency intersubband semiconductor lasers |
US7457338B2 (en) | 2006-04-19 | 2008-11-25 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Quantum well lasers with strained quantum wells and dilute nitride barriers |
US7408966B2 (en) | 2006-08-18 | 2008-08-05 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Intersubband quantum box stack lasers |
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