JP5759421B2 - 固体撮像素子および撮像装置 - Google Patents
固体撮像素子および撮像装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5759421B2 JP5759421B2 JP2012138305A JP2012138305A JP5759421B2 JP 5759421 B2 JP5759421 B2 JP 5759421B2 JP 2012138305 A JP2012138305 A JP 2012138305A JP 2012138305 A JP2012138305 A JP 2012138305A JP 5759421 B2 JP5759421 B2 JP 5759421B2
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- 239000001007 phthalocyanine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000548 poly(silane) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004291 polyenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPNGPNLZQNNVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pteridine Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=NC=CN=C21 CPNGPNLZQNNVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003217 pyrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FYNROBRQIVCIQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole-5,6-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)C(=O)N=C21 FYNROBRQIVCIQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinazoline Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZMJMCDDWKSTTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoline yellow Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(C3C(C4=CC=CC=C4C3=O)=O)=CC=C21 IZMJMCDDWKSTTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001567 quinoxalinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=NC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007261 regionalization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003413 spiro compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001935 tetracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- VELSFHQDWXAPNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracontacyclo[25.6.5.516,28.44,32.35,11.321,34.28,10.212,15.222,35.229,31.113,20.124,38.02,6.014,19.017,25.018,23.030,37.033,36.547,54.446,53.448,58.126,51.150,52.03,45.07,42.09,61.039,40.041,43.044,63.049,76.055,78.056,62.057,68.059,64.060,67.065,69.066,71.070,73.072,75.074,77]octaheptaconta-1,3(45),4(48),5(61),6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24(39),25,27(38),28,30,32,34(42),35(40),36,41(43),44(63),46,49(76),50(77),51,53,55(78),56(62),57,59,64,66,68,70(73),71,74-nonatriacontaene Chemical compound c12c3c4c5c6c1c1c7c8c2c2c3c3c9c4c4c5c5c%10c%11c%12c%13c%14c%15c%12c%12c%16c%17c%18c%19c%20c%21c%17c%17c%22c%21c%21c%23c%20c%20c%19c%19c%24c%18c%16c%15c%15c%24c%16c(c7c%15c%14c1c6c5%13)c8c1c2c2c3c3c(c%21c5c%22c(c%11c%12%17)c%10c4c5c93)c%23c2c%20c1c%19%16 VELSFHQDWXAPNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QKTRRACPJVYJNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazolo[5,4-b]pyridine Chemical compound C1=CN=C2SN=NC2=C1 QKTRRACPJVYJNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVIJJXMXTUZIOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N thianthrene Chemical group C1=CC=C2SC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 GVIJJXMXTUZIOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001834 xanthenyl group Chemical group C1=CC=CC=2OC3=CC=CC=C3C(C12)* 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
- H01L27/14601—Structural or functional details thereof
- H01L27/1462—Coatings
- H01L27/14621—Colour filter arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
- H01L27/14643—Photodiode arrays; MOS imagers
- H01L27/14645—Colour imagers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
- H01L27/14665—Imagers using a photoconductor layer
- H01L27/14667—Colour imagers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/10—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof for transforming different wavelengths into image signals
- H04N25/11—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics
- H04N25/13—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements
- H04N25/133—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements including elements passing panchromatic light, e.g. filters passing white light
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/10—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof for transforming different wavelengths into image signals
- H04N25/11—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics
- H04N25/13—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements
- H04N25/134—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements based on three different wavelength filter elements
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Solid State Image Pick-Up Elements (AREA)
- Transforming Light Signals Into Electric Signals (AREA)
- Color Television Image Signal Generators (AREA)
Description
従って、積層型撮像素子において、Wフィルタを有するフィルタ層を適用する際には、従来の固体撮像素子では生じない新たな混色が発生するため、S/Nが低下しないようにこの混色を抑制することが大きな課題となる。
光電変換膜および対向電極が、全ての画素に共通な共通膜状に形成されてなり、
対向電極上に保護膜を備え、
保護膜上に、異なる複数色のカラーフィルタを有するカラーフィルタ層が、各カラーフィルタが各光電変換部と対応するように配置され、
カラーフィルタ層が、異なる複数色のカラーフィルタとして、所定の色領域の波長のみを透過する所定色フィルタと、所定色フィルタに隣接して配置された全可視光領域に亘る波長を透過する白色フィルタとを含み、少なくとも所定の色領域の波長以外の可視光領域において、所定色フィルタと白色フィルタとの間に屈折率差を有するものであり、
カラーフィルタ層の底面から光電変換膜の上面までの光路長d1が1.2μm以下であり、
光電変換膜の厚みの光路長d2が1.4μm以下であることを特徴とする。
Δn × (d1+d2)2 < 2.0
の関係が成り立つことが好ましい。
図11は、本実施形態の固体撮像素子100の撮像部(画素領域)の一部を模式的に示す断面図である。
またALCVD法で成膜したAlOxは100nm以下と他の成膜法より一桁近く小さい膜厚でも高い保護性能を得ることが出来る。
したがって、例えばALCVD法で成膜した100nm以下のAlOxとCVD法で成膜した100〜500nmのSiONの積層膜は光路長、保護性能の観点から非常に好ましい。
本発明の撮像素子においては、光電変換膜の膜厚を薄くしているために、ショートやリークによる暗電流増大の危険性が高いので、電荷ブロッキング層を備えることによる暗電流抑制の効果が高い。
カラーフィルタ層CFは、図3に示すようにR、G、Bのそれぞれ異なる波長の光を透過するカラーフィルタおよび可視光全域を透過するWフィルタを有する。R,G,Bの各フィルタは、赤/青/緑色の顔料、もしくは染料の入った有機材料により形成される。
図1は、WRGBフィルタの一例を示すものであるが、カラーフィルタ層の各色のフィルタはいずれも光硬化樹脂を用いるのが一般的であるため、各色毎の屈折率差自体は図1と同様に0〜0.4程度である。
図11に示す構成の撮像素子において、隣接する2つの異なる色のフィルタ間の屈折率差が0.1、0.4であるとき、屈折率の低いフィルタから屈折率の高いフィルタ側の光電変換部に入射する光による混色率について、d1、d2を変化させて検討を行った。なお、ここでは画素サイズは3μmとした。
Δn=0.1としては、B光(450nm)を入射したときのW画素からR画素への光の漏れ出しを検討した。RフィルタのB光透過率はほぼ0であるため、R画素の信号は全て漏れ込みによるものと考えられる。そこでR画素で発生した信号電荷を画素サイズ(3μm)で割ったものを混色率としてプロットを行った。
Δn × (d1+d2)2 < 2.0
とすることにより混色をより効果的に抑圧できることを見出した。
11 信号読出回路
12 画素電極
14 光電変換膜
16 対向電極
17 光電変換部
18 保護膜
20 画素部
21 カラーフィルタ
32 出力トランジスタ
33 リセットトランジスタ
34 選択トランジスタ
100 固体撮像素子
FD フローティングディフュージョン
CF カラーフィルタ層
Claims (9)
- 基板上に画素単位で区画された画素電極、入射光の光量に応じた信号電荷を発生する光電変換膜、および該光電変換膜を挟んで前記画素電極に対向して設けられた対向電極を含む光電変換部を有する画素が、二次元状に複数配列されてなる撮像部を有する、入射光が平面波である固体撮像素子において、
前記光電変換膜および前記対向電極が、全ての前記画素に共通な共通膜状に形成されてなり、
前記対向電極上に保護膜を備え、
前記保護膜上に、異なる複数色のカラーフィルタを有するカラーフィルタ層が、該各カラーフィルタが前記各光電変換部と対応するように配置され、
該カラーフィルタ層が、前記異なる複数色のカラーフィルタとして、所定の色領域の波長のみを透過する所定色フィルタと、該所定色フィルタに隣接して配置された全可視光領域に亘る波長を透過する白色フィルタとを含み、少なくとも前記所定の色領域の波長以外の可視光領域において、前記所定色フィルタと前記白色フィルタとの間に屈折率差を有するものであり、
前記カラーフィルタ層の底面から前記光電変換膜の上面までの光路長d1が1.2μm以下であり、
前記光電変換膜の厚みの光路長d2が1.4μm以下であり、
前記画素のサイズが0.9μm以上であることを特徴とする固体撮像素子。 - 前記光電変換膜が有機材料を含むものであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の固体撮像素子。
- 前記白色フィルタと前記所定色フィルタとの屈折率差をΔnとすると、前記所定色フィルタが透過しない可視光波長領域においてΔnと前記光路長d1(μm)、d2(μm)との間に、
Δn × (d1+d2)2 < 2.0
の関係が成り立つことを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の固体撮像素子。 - 前記所定の色が青、緑および赤のいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項1から3いずれか1項記載の固体撮像素子。
- 前記所定の色領域の波長のみを透過する前記所定色フィルタとして、青色領域の波長のみを透過する青色フィルタ、緑色領域の波長のみを透過する緑色フィルタ、および赤色領域の波長のみを透過する赤色フィルタを備えたことを特徴とする請求項1から3いずれか1項記載の固体撮像素子。
- 前記所定の色領域の波長のみを透過する前記所定色カラーフィルタとして、黄色領域の波長のみを透過する黄色フィルタ、マゼンダ領域の波長のみを透過するマゼンダフィルタ、シアン領域の波長のみを透過するシアンフィルタを備えたことを特徴とする請求項1から3いずれか1項記載の固体撮像素子。
- 前記基板に前記光電変換部において生じる電荷に応じた信号を読み出すMOSトランジスタ回路が形成されており、該MOSトランジスタ回路は、前記光電変換部と電気的に接続された電荷蓄積部と、前記電荷蓄積部の電位をリセット電位にリセットするリセットトランジスタと、前記電荷蓄積部の電位に応じた信号を出力する出力トランジスタとを含み、前記リセットトランジスタ及び前記出力トランジスタは、キャリアの極性が前記光電変換部で発生した捕集される電荷と逆極性であることを特徴とする請求項1から6いずれか1項記載の固体撮像素子。
- 前記光電変換膜と前記画素電極との間に、暗電流を抑制する機能層が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1から7いずれか1項記載の固体撮像素子。
- 請求項1から8いずれか1項記載の固体撮像素子を備えたことを特徴とする撮像装置。
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