JP5740959B2 - Joining method and joining apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a joining method and joining apparatus using resistance heating and vibration friction.

  Conventionally, resistance welding has been used as a method for joining conductive metal materials to each other. Resistance welding is a method in which conductive metal materials are melt-bonded by resistance heating caused by contact resistance of the joint surface by sandwiching the conductive metal materials in contact with each other and applying current from the electrodes. . For example, Patent Document 1 describes a method in which a pair of conductive metal materials to be bonded are vibrated in contact with each other, the vibration is stopped after the surface insulating coating is peeled off, and fusion bonding is performed by resistance heating. Yes.

JP 11-138275 A

  However, in the method described in Patent Document 1 described above, when current is supplied, the current concentrates on the high surface pressure portion on the joint surface, so that the portion where the current does not flow much on the joint surface is not heated and is limited. Can only be joined with different areas and shapes.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a bonding method and a bonding apparatus that can uniformly bond the entire bonding surface and can easily set a preferable bonding condition. And

The joining method according to the present invention that achieves the above object is a joining method for joining a pair of members to be joined having conductivity. In the bonding method, the bonding surfaces of the bonded members to be bonded to each other face each other, and a pair of the bonded members are slid relative to each other, and an electric current is passed from one of the bonded members to the other via an electrode. The joining process which joins the said joint surfaces is carried out by flowing resistance and carrying out resistance heating. In the bonding step, the members to be bonded are relatively pressed by a pressurizing unit, the members to be bonded are relatively slid by a sliding unit, and the members to be bonded and the electrodes are Is pressed relatively. In the joining step, (a) a pressure force that relatively presses the members to be joined, (b) displacement of sliding, (c) energization via the electrodes, and (d) the member to be joined Of the electrode pressing force that relatively presses the electrode, the parameters that change with time are synchronized with each other to join the joining surfaces together.

  A joining device according to the present invention that achieves the above object is a joining device for joining a pair of members to be joined having conductivity. The joining apparatus is configured such that the joining surfaces of the joined members to be joined to each other face each other, and a pair of the joined members are relatively slid, while an electric current is passed from one of the joined members to the other via an electrode. And joining means for joining the joining surfaces by resistance heating. The joining means includes a pressurizing means for relatively pressing the members to be joined together, a sliding means for relatively sliding the members to be joined, and one of the members to be joined via the electrode from the other. Current supply means for flowing current, electrode pressurizing means for relatively pressing the member to be joined and the electrode, the pressurization means, the sliding means, the current supply means, and the electrode pressurization Control means for controlling the respective operations of the means. And when the said joining means joins the said joining surfaces, (a) The applied pressure which presses the said to-be-joined members relatively, (b) Displacement of a slide, (c) Current supply via the said electrode And (d) among the electrode pressurizing forces that relatively press the member to be joined and the electrodes, the parameters that change with time are synchronized with each other, the pressurizing means, the sliding means, the current supply means, Alternatively, the operation of the electrode pressurizing means is controlled.

  According to the joining method and the joining apparatus configured as described above, since the member to be joined is subjected to resistance heating while sliding, the sliding acts on the high surface pressure portion heated by the resistance heating and wears. As the plastic flow occurs and the surface pressure of the high surface pressure portion decreases, the current concentration changes from moment to moment. Thereby, a joining surface can be heated uniformly and the whole joining surface can be joined uniformly. When joining the joining surfaces, (a) a pressing force that relatively presses the members to be joined, (b) displacement of sliding, (c) energization via the electrodes, and (d) a member to be joined and the electrodes Among the electrode pressurizing force that presses relatively, the parameters that change with time are synchronized with each other, so that suitable joining conditions can be easily set.

It is the schematic for demonstrating an example of the joining apparatus which concerns on embodiment. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the joining method which concerns on embodiment. It is a figure for demonstrating the control which synchronized the electricity_supply via an electrode with the displacement of sliding. It is a figure for demonstrating the control which synchronized the electricity_supply via an electrode with the displacement of sliding. It is a figure for demonstrating the control which synchronized the energization via an electrode with the applied pressure which changes with time. It is a figure for demonstrating the control which synchronized the energization via an electrode with the applied pressure which changes with time. It is a figure for demonstrating the control which synchronized the electricity_supply via an electrode with the electrode pressurization force which changes with time. It is a figure for demonstrating the control which synchronized the electricity_supply via an electrode with the electrode pressurization force which changes with time. It is a figure for demonstrating the control which synchronized the applied pressure which changes with time with the displacement of sliding. It is a figure for demonstrating the control which synchronized the electrode pressurization force which changes with time with the displacement of sliding. It is a figure for demonstrating the control which synchronized the electrode pressurization force which changes with time with the displacement of sliding.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the drawings, the same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted. The dimensional ratios in the drawings are exaggerated for convenience of explanation, and are different from the actual ratios.

  Drawing 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining an example of a joining device concerning an embodiment.

  The joining device 40 according to the embodiment is a joining device for joining a pair of members to be joined 10 and 20 having conductivity. In summary, the joining device 40 is configured so that the joining surfaces 10a and 20a of the joined members 10 and 20 to be joined to each other face each other and the pair of joined members 10 and 20 slide relative to each other while the joined members 10 and 20 are relatively slid. , 20 has a joining means for joining the joining surfaces 10a, 20a by flowing current from the one to the other through the first and second electrodes 42, 44 (corresponding to electrodes) and resistance heating. doing. The joining means using resistance heating and frictional heat (plastic flow) is a relative force between the pressurizing device 80 (corresponding to the pressurizing means) that presses the members to be joined 10 and 20 relative to each other and the members to be joined 10 and 20. And a current supply device 50 (current supply) for flowing a current from one of the members 10 and 20 to the other via the electrodes 42 and 44. An electrode pressurizing device 88 (corresponding to electrode pressurizing means) and a controller 90 (corresponding to control means) for relatively pressing the members 10 and 20 and the electrodes 42 and 44 to be joined. Have The control device 90 controls the operations of the pressure device 80, the sliding device 70, the current supply device 50, and the electrode pressure device 88. When the control device 90 joins the joining surfaces 10a and 20a, (a) a pressure P1 that relatively presses the joined members 10 and 20 together, (b) a sliding displacement D, and (c). Among the energization C via the electrodes 42 and 44 and (d) the electrode pressure P2 for relatively pressing the members 10 and 20 to be joined and the electrodes 42 and 44, the parameters that change with time are synchronized with each other, The operation of the pressure device 80, the sliding device 70, the current supply device 50, or the electrode pressurization device 88 is controlled. Details will be described below.

  The workpieces to be joined include a member to be joined 10 positioned above, a member to be joined 20 located below, and an intermediate member 30 that is a member to be joined disposed between the members to be joined 10 and 20. The members to be joined 10 and 20 and the intermediate member 30 have a uniform shape with respect to the vibration direction described later, and the extending direction of the joining surfaces 10a and 20a is a horizontal direction H.

  Aluminum (Al) is applied to the members to be joined 10 and 20 in the present embodiment. As the aluminum, a rolled material (for example, A5052) or a cast material (for example, ADC12) can be used. The members to be joined 10 and 20 are not particularly limited as long as they are conductive materials, and iron (Fe) or magnesium (Mg) can be applied. Moreover, it is also possible to apply to joining of the same material of Al—Al, and joining of different materials of Al—Fe or Al—Mg. Since an Al—Fe or Al—Mg dissimilar material joined body can be obtained, it can be easily applied as automotive parts such as a cylinder head.

  The intermediate member 30 is made of a eutectic reaction material that undergoes a eutectic reaction with the bonded members 10 and 20. When the bonded members 10 and 20 are aluminum, eutectic reaction materials that form a low temperature eutectic with aluminum are zinc (Zn), silicon (Si), copper (Cu), tin (Sn), silver (Ag), Nickel (Ni) or the like can be applied.

  The eutectic reaction material forms a liquid phase and promotes interdiffusion between the members to be bonded 10 and 20 and between the eutectic reaction material and the members to be bonded 10 and 20, thereby ensuring good bonding strength. In addition, since the gap is filled with the liquid phase to be formed, it is easy to achieve good water-tightness even when joining large areas or curved surfaces. Therefore, it is particularly effective for a portion requiring high water tightness, a two-dimensional curved surface, or a large area portion. The thickness of the eutectic reaction material is, for example, 10 to 100 μm, but is not particularly limited thereto, and the thickness can be appropriately changed according to the site.

  Due to the eutectic reaction of the intermediate member 30 to form a liquid layer with a low melting point and to block oxygen and suppress reoxidation. It is also preferable in that it can be joined with time and low heat input, and mass production is easy.

  The intermediate member 30 can also be composed of a conductive material that forms a liquid phase other than the eutectic reaction material. In this case, the degree of freedom of selection of the intermediate member is large (the material selection range is wide), and a liquid phase is formed by the intermediate member 30, so that the members to be bonded 10, 20 and the intermediate member 30 and the member to be bonded 10 are formed. , 20 is promoted, and good bonding strength is ensured. And since a gap | interval is filled up with the liquid phase formed, it is easy to achieve favorable watertightness also in joining of a large area and a curved surface. Examples of the conductive material that forms a liquid phase other than the eutectic reaction material include inexpensive and general brazing materials and low-temperature solder as compared with the eutectic reaction material.

  The intermediate member 30 is not limited to the form which consists of another body, but can also be comprised from the coating layer integrated with one of the to-be-joined members 10 and 20. FIG. In this case, it is possible to arrange the intermediate member 30 locally. The coating can be formed by plating, cladding material, coating, or the like. Moreover, the intermediate member 30 does not necessarily need to be provided.

  The first and second electrodes 42 and 44 raise the temperature of the members to be bonded 10 and 20 and the intermediate member 30 (bonding surfaces 10a and 20a of the members 10 and 20 to which the intermediate member 30 is interposed) by resistance heating. It is a heating means for softening, and the first electrode 42 is electrically connected to the member to be bonded 10 positioned above, and the second electrode 44 is electrically connected to the member to be bonded 20 positioned below. The The 1st and 2nd electrodes 42 and 44 are not limited to the form which contacts the to-be-joined members 10 and 20 directly, For example, it is also possible to contact indirectly through the other member which has electroconductivity. Each of the first and second electrodes 42 and 44 may be composed of a plurality of electrodes.

  The current supply device 50 is current supply means for causing a direct current or an alternating current to flow from the first electrode 42 to the second electrode 44 via the bonded member 10, the intermediate member 30, and the bonded member 20. For example, the current value and the voltage value are configured to be adjustable.

  The holding device 60 has a movable holding part 62 positioned above and a fixed holding part 64 positioned below. The movable holding part 62 is used to hold the member 10 to be reciprocated in the horizontal direction H. The fixed holding portion 64 is used to restrict the movement of the member to be bonded 20 in the horizontal direction H and maintain the member to be bonded 20 in a stationary state relative to the member to be bonded 10.

  The sliding device 70 slides the member to be bonded 10 relative to the member to be bonded 20, and generates frictional heat (plasticity) on the bonding surfaces 10a and 20a of the members to be bonded 10 and 20 on which the intermediate member 30 is interposed. (Vibrating) used to generate a flow). The vibration means vibrates (vibrates) the member to be bonded 10 held by the movable holding portion 62 in a horizontal direction H parallel to the extending direction of the bonding surfaces 10a and 20a. And a motor 74 which is a drive source. The vibration means can arbitrarily control the vibration frequency, the vibration amplitude, the vibration force, and the like. For example, the excitation amplitude is adjustable in the range of 100 to 1000 μm, and the excitation frequency is adjustable in the range of 10 to 100 Hz. The vibration mechanism is not particularly limited, and for example, ultrasonic vibration, electromagnetic vibration, hydraulic vibration, and cam vibration can be applied.

  Since the excitation direction is a reciprocating motion in one direction along the extending direction of the joint surfaces 10a and 20a, the degree of freedom of the shape of the joint surfaces 10a and 20a is improved. That is, since vibration can be applied as long as it can be displaced in only one direction, the shape of the joint surfaces 10a and 20a does not need to be a flat surface. For example, the convex portion may be fitted in a groove extending in one direction. Is possible.

  Further, the sliding device 70 is not limited to a form using vibration (vibration mechanism), and it is also possible to appropriately apply a rotational motion or a revolving motion that swings around in a circular orbit without rotating. . In the revolving motion, unlike the vibration, the relative motion between the joint surfaces 10a and 20a does not stop. Therefore, only the dynamic friction coefficient acts to stabilize the friction coefficient, and the joint surfaces 10a and 20a are evenly worn. It is possible to make it.

  The pressurizing device 80 includes a pressurizing unit 82 positioned above and a support structure 84 positioned below. The pressurizing part 82 is connected to the push rod 86 and can advance and retreat in the vertical direction (pressing direction orthogonal to the joint surfaces 10a and 20a) L. The pressurizing unit 82 can apply a pressure P <b> 1 that relatively presses the members to be bonded 10 and 20 through the push rod 86, and adjusts the pressing surface pressure of the member to be bonded 20 against the member to be bonded 20. The surface pressure adjusting means. The pressurizing unit 82 includes, for example, a hydraulic cylinder, and is configured to be able to adjust the pressure P1. For example, the applied pressure P1 is determined so that the surface pressure applied to the joint surface is 2 to 10 MPa.

  The electrode pressurizing device 88 is connected to the first electrode 42 and can be moved back and forth in the vertical direction L. The electrode pressurizing device 88 can apply an electrode pressure P2 that presses the first electrode 42 against the member 10 to be bonded, and is a surface pressure adjusting means for adjusting the pressing surface pressure of the first electrode 42 against the member 10 to be bonded. is there. The electrode pressurizing device 88 includes a hydraulic cylinder, for example, and is configured to be able to adjust the electrode pressurizing force P2. For example, the electrode pressure P2 is determined such that the surface pressure applied to the electrode contact surface is 2 to 10 MPa. Note that the electrode pressurizing device 88 also functions as a surface pressure adjusting means for adjusting the pressing surface pressure of the member to be bonded 20 against the member to be bonded 20, similarly to the pressure unit 82.

  The support structure 84 has the second electrode 44 to which the pressurizing force P1 of the pressurizing device 80 and the electrode pressurizing force P2 of the electrode pressurizing device 88 are transmitted via the member to be joined 10, the intermediate member 30, and the member to be joined 20. Used to support.

  It is also possible to dispose the pressurizing unit 82 and the electrode pressurizing device 88 and the support structure 84 in reverse. In this case, the second electrode 44 is pressed by the pressurizing unit 82 and the electrode pressurizing device 88 disposed below, and the first electrode 42 is supported by the support structure 84 disposed above. Further, instead of the support structure 84, by providing a second pressure unit, the degree of freedom in adjusting the surface pressure is improved, and by providing a second electrode pressure device, the second electrode 44 is joined. It is also possible to improve the degree of freedom in adjusting the electrode pressing force pressed against the member 10.

  The control device 90 is a control means including a computer having a calculation unit, a storage unit, an input unit, and an output unit, and controls the pressurizing device 80, the sliding device 70, the current supply device 50, and the electrode pressurizing device 88. Used to control. Each function of the control device 90 is exhibited when the arithmetic unit executes a program stored in the storage device.

  For example, the program is performed by vibrating the joined member 10 in the horizontal direction H by the sliding device 70 in a state where the pressing force P1 of the pressing device 80 and the electrode pressing force P2 of the electrode pressing device 88 are adjusted. The current supplied from the current supply device 50 is supplied from the first electrode 42 to the joined member 10 and the intermediate member 30 while sliding the joining surfaces 10a and 20a of the joined members 10 and 20 in which the member 30 is interposed. Then, the control device 90 is caused to execute a procedure for joining the members to be joined 10 and 20 with the intermediate member 30 interposed by flowing to the second electrode 44 through the member 20 and resistance heating. For.

  Next, the joining method according to the embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 2 is a flowchart for explaining the joining method according to the embodiment. The algorithm shown by the flowchart shown in FIG. 2 is stored as a program in the storage unit of the control device 90, and is executed by the arithmetic unit of the control device 90. A method of joining the members to be joined 10 and 20 using the joining device 40 will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.

  First, as shown in FIG. 1, the intermediate member 30 is sandwiched between the members to be bonded 10 and 20 to be bonded to each other, and the members to be bonded 10 and 20 are held between the electrodes 42 and 44. The member to be bonded 20 is fixed to the fixed holding portion 64, and the member to be bonded 10 is held by the movable holding portion 62 so as to vibrate.

  Subsequently, the members to be joined 10 and 20 are pressurized with a pressure P1 set in advance by the pressurizing unit 82 of the pressurizing device 80. The pressure P1 is adjusted by the control device 90, and the surface pressure applied to the joint surface is preferably about 2 to 10 MPa, for example, but is not limited thereto. The first electrode 42 is pressurized with a preset electrode pressure P2 by the electrode pressurizing device 88. The electrode pressure P2 is adjusted by the control device 90, and the surface pressure applied to the electrode contact surface is preferably about 2 to 10 MPa, but is not limited thereto.

  Next, the sliding device 70 is driven by the control device 90 to vibrate and slide the member 10 to be joined in a direction along the joining surfaces 10a and 20a (preliminary sliding step S11). Although the excitation frequency and the excitation amplitude are not particularly limited, as an example, the excitation amplitude is preferably about 100 to 1000 μm, and the excitation frequency is preferably about 10 to 100 Hz.

  When the pre-sliding step S11 for sliding while applying pressure as described above is performed, the joint surfaces 10a and 20a slide and frictional heat is generated, the material is softened, and the joint surfaces 10a and 20a are worn. It plastically flows and the surface pressure between the joint surfaces 10a and 20a is made uniform to some extent. Further, the preliminary sliding step S11 has the effect of reducing the variation in contact resistance due to the difference in the film thickness by removing the oxide film on the surface of the aluminum, and suppressing the variation in the amount of heat generated when resistance heating is performed in the subsequent step. Demonstrate. Therefore, before bonding, the surface of the members to be bonded 10 and 20 made of aluminum is degreased, and further, a treatment such as brushing with a wire brush to remove the oxide film on the surface becomes unnecessary, and workability is improved. Of course, a treatment such as brushing may be performed before the preliminary sliding step S11.

  After the preliminary sliding step S11, a first joining step S12 is performed. In the first joining step S <b> 12, the first electrode 42 and the second electrode 44 are brought into contact with the members to be joined 10, 20, and the sliding between the first electrode 42 and the second electrode 44 is maintained while maintaining sliding. A current is supplied by the current supply device 50. In this manner, the members to be joined 10 and 20 are heated by using both friction heating and resistance heating in combination. In the first bonding step S12, resistance heating acts on the high surface pressure portion where currents in the bonding surfaces 10a and 20a concentrate, and the oxide films on the bonding surfaces 10a and 20a are forcibly separated. Furthermore, pressure and sliding are applied to the high surface pressure portion heated by resistance heating to cause plastic flow and material diffusion, and the high surface pressure portion is worn and the current concentration portion changes every moment. As a result, the current flow is dispersed and the joint surfaces 10a and 20a are heated uniformly.

  After the first joining step S12, a second joining step S13 is performed. In the second joining step S <b> 13, the frictional heat is increased by decreasing the supply of current by the current supply device 50 and increasing the pressure P <b> 1 by the pressurizing device 80. As a result, the amount of heat generated by resistance heating is reduced, and the process proceeds to a process of promoting integration by stirring the softened material by sliding. Note that the supply of current by the current supply device 50 is finally stopped. The increase in frictional heat can also be achieved by controlling the sliding device 70.

  In the first joining step S12 and the second joining step S13 of the present embodiment, as will be described later, the control device 90 performs (a) a pressure P1 for relatively pressing the members 10 and 20 to be joined together, and (b) a slide. The displacement D of the movement, (c) the energization C via the electrodes 42 and 44, and (d) the electrode pressure P2 that relatively presses the members 10 and 20 to be joined and the electrodes 42 and 44 are changed with time. The operation of the pressurizing device 80, the sliding device 70, the current supply device 50, or the electrode pressurizing device 88 is controlled by synchronizing the parameters. This point will be described in detail later.

  Immediately before ending the second joining step S13, the sliding device 70 is stopped. In order to join the members 10 and 20 to be joined at a desired relative position, the sliding member 70 is finally used by the sliding device 70. , 20 are positioned at desired positions. Note that if the pressure P1 of the pressurizing device 80 or the pressure P2 of the electrode pressurizing device 88 is large, the positioning accuracy is lowered. Therefore, before the sliding device 70 is stopped, the pressure P1 or the electrode by the pressurizing device 80 is stopped. The pressure P2 applied by the pressure device 88 may be reduced. When the pressurizing force P1 by the pressurizing device 80 and the pressurizing force P2 by the electrode pressurizing device 88 are reduced, the positioning accuracy of the members to be joined 10 and 20 is improved, and the members to be joined 10 and 20 are in a desirable relative position. The sliding device 70 can be stopped in the state. In addition, you may provide the other structure for positioning the to-be-joined member 10 and 20 separately.

  After the second bonding step S13, a cooling step S14 is performed. In the cooling step S <b> 14, the control device 90 stops the sliding device 70 and the current supply device 50, and increases the pressurizing force P <b> 1 by the pressurizing unit 82 of the pressurizing device 80 and the pressurizing force P2 by the electrode pressurizing device 88. Then, when the preset time has elapsed, it is determined that the cooling has ended, and the pressurization by the pressurizing device 80 and the electrode pressurizing device 88 is terminated. Alternatively, after a signal input to the control device 90 from a thermometer (not shown) that measures the temperature of the members to be joined 10 and 20 becomes a predetermined value or less, it is determined that the cooling is finished, and the pressurizing device 80 and The pressurization by the electrode pressurization device 88 can also be terminated. Thereafter, the electrodes 42 and 44 are retracted, and the joined members 10 and 20 joined are removed from the apparatus. Thereby, joining of the to-be-joined members 10 and 20 is completed.

  A diffusion bonding surface bonded by diffusion of the material of the members to be bonded 10 and 20 to the bonding interface of the members to be bonded 10 and 20 bonded by the bonding method of the present embodiment, and the material of the members to be bonded 10 and 20 Are formed by mixing a plastic flow joint surface joined by plastic flow and an intermediate layer joint surface joined via the intermediate member 30.

  In the first joining step S <b> 12 and the second joining step 13, the intermediate member 30 becomes a liquid phase with a low melting point by a eutectic reaction, and the members to be joined 10, 20 or the intermediate member 30 to the members to be joined 10, 20 Promote interdiffusion. Further, since the intermediate member 30 plays a role of blocking oxygen and suppressing re-oxidation of the joint surfaces 10a and 20a, it can be joined in the atmosphere for a short time with low heat input, and mass production is facilitated. .

  In the present bonding method, since sliding and resistance heating are used in combination, the current concentration location is changed and uniform heating is possible without applying high pressure to the bonding surfaces 10a and 20a, and the bonding surface 10a. , 20a can be joined even when they have a large area or a complicated shape, and uniform surface joining is possible with low distortion. In addition, since only the surface layers of the joining surfaces 10a and 20a are melted and joined, the heating time can be shortened, and even in a cast product containing gas in the material, the gas in the material expands due to heating. Therefore, it is difficult to eject and good bonding can be realized.

  The member to be joined 10 is vibrated in one direction along the joining surfaces 10a and 20a, but is not limited to this as long as it slides relatively. For example, the joining surface 10a can be a revolving motion or the like. , 20a can be vibrated in two directions.

  Further, the preliminary sliding step S11 can be omitted without necessarily providing it. In addition, instead of sliding by the sliding device 70 instead of the preliminary sliding step S11 or before the preliminary sliding step S11, current is supplied to the electrodes 42 and 44 by the current supply device 50, so that the joining surface is obtained. 10a and 20a may be softened by resistance heating. In addition, the first joining step S12 and the second joining step S13 can be performed as one joining step without increasing the pressure while reducing the supply of current between the first joining step S12 and the second joining step S13. It can also be implemented. Further, the cooling step S14 can be omitted without always being provided.

  Next, synchronous control executed by the control device 90 will be described. As described above, when joining the joining surfaces 10a and 20a, the control device 90 (a) the pressure P1 that relatively presses the joined members 10 and 20 together, (b) the sliding displacement D, Of (c) energization C via the electrodes 42 and 44 and (d) the electrode pressure P2 for relatively pressing the members 10 and 20 to be joined and the electrodes 42 and 44, the parameters that change with time are synchronized with each other. Thus, the operation of the pressure device 80, the sliding device 70, the current supply device 50, or the electrode pressure device 88 is controlled. By performing such control, it is possible to easily set various suitable joining conditions as will be described below. The pressing force P1 and the electrode pressing force P2 can be periodically changed by a control device of a servo mechanism of a hydraulic exciter. In the following description, the case where the sliding is vibration that causes the member to be bonded 10 to reciprocate periodically in one direction will be described as an example.

(Synchronous control for energization C)
The control device 90 synchronizes the energization C via the electrodes 42 and 44 with any one of the sliding displacement D, the applied pressure P1 that changes with time, or the applied electrode pressure P2 that changes with time. 50 operations are controlled. When energized when the sliding speed and the applied pressure P1 are high, the electrodes 42 and 44 generate heat, so that the electrodes 42 and 44 are likely to be worn or welded. By synchronizing the energization C via the electrodes 42 and 44 with the sliding displacement D or the like, it is possible to easily set various suitable joining conditions and prevent the electrodes 42 and 44 from being worn or welded. It is also possible to do. Since welding of the electrodes 42 and 44 can be prevented, the restriction on the position where the electrodes 42 and 44 are brought into contact with the members to be joined 10 and 20 is reduced. For example, the electrodes 42 and 44 can be brought into contact with a surface requiring accuracy, and the degree of freedom in selecting the contact position of the electrodes 42 and 44 is increased.

  3 and 4 are diagrams for explaining the control in which the current C passing through the electrodes 42 and 44 is synchronized with the sliding displacement D, and each figure (A) shows the sliding displacement D and each of them. FIG. 5B is a diagram showing a state of the energization C via the electrodes 42 and 44, and FIG.

  Referring to FIG. 3, the control device 90 controls the operation of the current supply device 50 by synchronizing the energization C via the electrodes 42 and 44 with the sliding displacement D. The control device 90 controls the operation of the pressurizing device 80 so that the applied pressure P1 is constant. The controller 90 is energized at least at the displacement D at which the sliding speed is zero, and is not energized at the displacement D at which the sliding speed is maximum.

  In this specification, the concept of “energize” and “stop energization” includes not only control for turning on and off the current supply but also control for increasing / decreasing from a reference current value (not zero), that is, an energization amount. It should be understood that control that increases or decreases with respect to the reference energization amount is also included. In FIG. 8 to be described later from FIG. 3, control for simply turning on and off the current supply is shown for easy understanding.

  Furthermore, even when the current supply is simply on / off controlled, some response delay may occur. Therefore, there is a slight response delay in “the current is energized at least at the displacement D when the sliding speed is zero and the current is stopped at the displacement D at which the sliding speed is maximum”. There is no problem even if it occurs.

  According to the above control, since the current is applied when the displacement D is within the range where the sliding speed is relatively low, the softened electrode is worn by the temperature rise due to resistance heating, or the softened portion is applied to the electrode. It is possible to avoid welding. As a result, it is possible to reduce the frequency of electrode replacement. That is, it is possible to easily set a suitable joining condition that the life of the electrodes 42 and 44 for resistance heating the members to be joined 10 and 20 can be improved.

  Referring to FIG. 4, the control device 90 controls the operation of the current supply device 50 by synchronizing the energization C via the electrodes 42 and 44 with the sliding displacement D. The control device 90 controls the operation of the pressurizing device 80 so that the applied pressure P1 is constant. The controller 90 is energized at least at the displacement D at which the sliding speed is maximum, and is not energized at the displacement D at which the sliding speed is zero.

  According to such control, since the current is applied when the displacement D is within the range where the sliding speed is relatively high, the wear or plastic flow caused by the sliding is applied to the portion softened by the temperature rise due to the resistance heating. It can be further generated. As a result, the speed at which the shapes of the joint surfaces 10a and 20a are corrected by sliding can be maximized. That is, it is possible to easily set a suitable bonding condition that the surface pressure of the bonding surfaces 10a and 20a can be promoted.

  The synchronization control shown in FIG. 3 may be combined with the synchronization control shown in FIG. That is, the control device 90 controls the operation of the current supply device 50 by synchronizing the current C passing through the electrodes 42 and 44 with the sliding displacement D. When starting the joining of the members to be joined 10 and 20 in the first joining step (S12), the control device 90 is energized at least at the displacement D at which the sliding speed is maximized, and the sliding speed. When the displacement D is zero, the energization is stopped (see FIG. 4). Further, when the joining of the members to be joined 10 and 20 is finished in the first joining step (S12), at least the sliding is performed. Energization is performed at the displacement D at which the moving speed is zero, and energization is stopped at the displacement D at which the sliding speed is maximum (see FIG. 3). The switching of the control is performed, for example, at a timing when the surface pressure of the joint surfaces 10a and 20a becomes uniform.

  According to such control, when the joining of the members 10 and 20 to be joined is started in the first joining step (S12), the surface pressure of the joining surfaces 10a and 20a is promoted to be uniform and the surface pressure is made uniform. After that, it is possible to easily set a suitable joining condition that the life of the electrodes 42 and 44 for resistance heating the members to be joined 10 and 20 can be improved.

  FIGS. 5 and 6 are diagrams for explaining control in which the energization C via the electrodes 42 and 44 is synchronized with the applied pressure P1 that changes with time, and each figure (A) shows the applied pressure P1, FIG. (B) is a diagram showing a state of energization C via the electrodes 42 and 44.

  Referring to FIG. 5, the control device 90 controls the operation of the current supply device 50 by synchronizing the energization C via the electrodes 42 and 44 with the applied pressure P1 that changes with time. The control device 90 is energized at least when the applied pressure P1 is minimized, and is not energized when the applied pressure P1 is maximized.

  According to such control, since the energization is performed when the pressure P1 is less than the maximum, the heat generation amount is increased by energizing when the pressure P1 is relatively small and the contact resistance is relatively large. Can do. That is, it is possible to easily set a suitable joining condition that the amount of generated heat can be controlled by controlling the current path.

  Referring to FIG. 6, the control device 90 controls the operation of the current supply device 50 by synchronizing the energization C that has passed through the electrodes 42 and 44 with the applied pressure P <b> 1 that changes with time. The control device 90 is energized at least when the applied pressure P1 is maximized, and is not energized when the applied pressure P1 is minimized.

  According to such control, since energization is performed when the applied pressure P1 is in the vicinity of the maximum, generation of spatter can be prevented by energizing when the applied pressure P1 is relatively large and the contact resistance is relatively small. Can do. That is, it is possible to easily set a suitable joining condition that the amount of generated heat can be controlled by controlling the current path.

  FIGS. 7 and 8 are diagrams for explaining the control in which the energization C via the electrodes 42 and 44 is synchronized with the electrode pressurization pressure P2 that changes with time, and each figure (A) shows the electrode pressurization pressure P2. Each figure (B) is a figure which shows the state of the electricity supply C which passed through the electrodes 42 and 44. FIG.

  Referring to FIG. 7, the control device 90 controls the operation of the current supply device 50 by synchronizing the energization C that has passed through the electrodes 42 and 44 with the electrode pressure P2 that changes with time. The control device 90 is energized at least when the electrode pressure P2 is maximum, and is not energized when the electrode pressure P2 is minimum.

  According to such control, since the current is applied when the electrode pressure P2 is near the maximum, the current is applied when the electrode pressure P2 is relatively large and the contact resistance of the first electrode 42 is relatively small. The heat generation of the first electrode 42 can be reduced. For this reason, it can avoid that the electrode which softened by the temperature rise by resistance heating is abraded, or the softened site | part welds to an electrode. As a result, it is possible to reduce the frequency of electrode replacement. That is, it is possible to easily set a suitable joining condition that the life of the electrodes 42 and 44 for resistance heating the members to be joined 10 and 20 can be improved.

  Referring to FIG. 8, the control device 90 controls the operation of the current supply device 50 by synchronizing the energization C that has passed through the electrodes 42 and 44 with the electrode pressure P2 that changes with time. The control device 90 is energized when the electrode pressure P2 is minimum, and is not energized when the electrode pressure P2 is maximum.

  According to such control, since the current is applied when the electrode pressure P2 is less than the maximum, the current is applied when the electrode pressure P2 is relatively small and the contact resistance of the first electrode 42 is relatively large. The amount of heat generated by the first electrode 42 can be increased. Abrasion and plastic flow due to sliding can be further generated in a portion softened by a temperature rise due to resistance heating. As a result, the speed at which the shapes of the joint surfaces 10a and 20a are corrected by sliding can be maximized. That is, it is possible to easily set a suitable bonding condition that the surface pressure of the bonding surfaces 10a and 20a can be promoted.

(Synchronous control for pressure P1)
FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining control in which the pressure P1 that changes with time is synchronized with the sliding displacement D. FIG. 9A shows the sliding displacement D, and FIG. It is a figure which shows the state of the applied pressure P1.

  Referring to FIG. 9, the control device 90 controls the operation of the pressurizing device 80 by synchronizing the pressure P <b> 1 that changes with time with the displacement D of the slide. The control device 90 maximizes the applied pressure P1 at least at the displacement D at which the sliding speed is maximum, and minimizes the applied pressure P1 at the displacement D at which the sliding speed is zero.

  According to such control, it is possible to reduce the applied pressure P1 at the turning point that becomes the static friction coefficient, and to prevent stick-slip in the push rod 86 of the pressurizing unit 82. As a result, the chatter phenomenon of the push rod 86 does not damage the surface with which the push rod 86 contacts. That is, it is possible to easily set a suitable joining condition that the outer surface of the member to be joined 10 can be prevented from being damaged by stick slip.

(Synchronous control for electrode pressure P2)
FIGS. 10 and 11 are diagrams for explaining control in which the electrode pressure P2 that changes with time is synchronized with the sliding displacement D. FIGS. 10A and 10A show the sliding displacement D and the respective drawings. (B) is a figure which shows the state of the electrode pressurizing force P2.

  Referring to FIG. 10, the control device 90 controls the operation of the electrode pressurizing device 88 by synchronizing the electrode pressing force P <b> 2 that changes with time with the sliding displacement D. The control device 90 maximizes the electrode pressure P2 at least at the displacement D at which the sliding speed is zero, and minimizes the electrode pressure P2 at the displacement D at which the sliding speed is maximum. Yes.

  According to such control, the electrode pressure P2 is reduced when the displacement D is within the range where the sliding speed is relatively high, so that the contact pressure of the first electrode 42 is reduced to avoid wear. Can do. As a result, it is possible to reduce the frequency of electrode replacement. That is, it is possible to easily set a suitable joining condition that the life of the electrodes 42 and 44 for resistance heating the members to be joined 10 and 20 can be improved.

  Referring to FIG. 11, the control device 90 controls the operation of the electrode pressurizing device 88 by synchronizing the electrode pressing force P <b> 2 that changes with time with the sliding displacement D. The control device 90 minimizes the electrode pressure P2 at least when the displacement D has the maximum sliding speed, and minimizes the electrode pressure P2 at the displacement D at which the sliding speed becomes zero. Yes.

  According to such control, the electrode pressure P2 increases when the displacement D is within a range where the sliding speed is relatively high, so that the portion softened by the temperature rise due to resistance heating is caused by sliding. Wear and plastic flow can be further generated. As a result, the speed at which the shapes of the joint surfaces 10a and 20a are corrected by sliding can be maximized. That is, it is possible to easily set a suitable bonding condition that the surface pressure of the bonding surfaces 10a and 20a can be promoted.

  As described above, the joining method of the present embodiment is a joining method for joining a pair of joined members 10 and 20 having conductivity, and joining the joined members 10 and 20 joined to each other. The surfaces 10a and 20a are opposed to each other, and a pair of members to be bonded 10 and 20 are relatively slid, and a current is passed from one of the members to be bonded 10 and 20 to the other via the electrodes 42 and 44 to perform resistance heating. By doing so, it has the joining process which joins joining surface 10a, 20a. In the joining process, (a) a pressure P1 that relatively presses the members to be joined 10 and 20 together, (b) a sliding displacement D, (c) an energization C via the electrodes, and (d) Of the electrode pressure P2 that presses the members to be joined 10 and 20 and the electrodes relatively, parameters that change with time are synchronized with each other, and the joining surfaces 10a and 20a are joined together. According to such a joining method, since the joined members 10 and 20 are slid and joined by resistance heating, the sliding acts on the high surface pressure portion heated by the resistance heating, thereby causing wear and plastic flow. As the surface pressure of the high surface pressure portion decreases, the current concentration location changes from moment to moment. Thereby, the joining surfaces 10a and 20a can be heated uniformly, and the whole joining surfaces 10a and 20a can be joined uniformly. When joining the joining surfaces 10a and 20a, (a) a pressure P1 that relatively presses the joined members 10 and 20 together, (b) a sliding displacement D, (c) an energization C via an electrode, and (D) Of the electrode pressure P2 that relatively presses the members to be joined 10 and 20 and the electrodes 42 and 43, the parameters that change with time are synchronized with each other, so that suitable joining conditions are easily set. Can do. Similarly, with respect to the bonding apparatus 40 that embodies the bonding method of the present embodiment, the bonding surfaces 10a and 20a can be uniformly heated to uniformly bond the entire bonding surfaces 10a and 20a. Further, the control device 90 is configured to change parameters of (a) the applied pressure P1, (b) the sliding displacement D, (c) the energization C via the electrode, and (d) the electrode applied pressure P2 that change with time. Therefore, suitable joining conditions can be easily set.

  In addition, since the energization C via the electrodes 42 and 44 is synchronized with either the sliding displacement D, the pressure P1 that changes with time, or the electrode pressure P2 that changes with time, various suitable types The joining conditions can be easily set, and it is possible to prevent the electrodes 42 and 44 from being worn or welded. Since welding of the electrodes 42 and 44 can be prevented, the degree of freedom in selecting the contact position of the electrodes 42 and 44 can be increased.

(Other variations)
The joining method and joining apparatus according to the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be modified as appropriate. Although the configuration in which the pressing force P1 is applied by the pressing device 80 and the electrode pressing force P2 is applied by the electrode pressing device 88 is shown, the pressing device 80 applies the pressing force P1 through the first electrode 42. It is good. In this form, the applied pressure P1 and the electrode applied pressure P2 are equal. Also in this case, for example, the energization C via the electrodes 42 and 44 is controlled in synchronization with either the sliding displacement D or the applied pressure P1 that changes with time (= the applied electrode pressure P2 that changes with time). can do.

  The case where the sliding is a vibration that periodically reciprocates the member 10 to be joined in one direction has been described as an example, and the synchronous control executed by the control device 90 has been described. It is not limited. As described above, the sliding device 70 is not limited to a form using vibration (vibration mechanism), and may appropriately apply a rotational motion or a revolving motion that swings in a circular orbit without rotating. Is possible. In the case of such a sliding form, when a sliding speed is smaller at a certain displacement D than at other displacements, the displacement D is regarded as “a displacement at which the sliding speed becomes zero”. Thus, the synchronization control according to the present invention can be applied. That is, the “displacement at which the sliding speed becomes zero” means that the displacement at which the sliding speed becomes zero as well as the displacement at which the sliding speed becomes smaller than that at other displacements. This is a concept including the displacement D.

10, 20 member to be joined,
10a, 20a joint surface,
30 intermediate member,
40 joining device,
42 1st electrode (electrode),
44 Second electrode (electrode),
50 Current supply device (current supply means),
60 holding device,
70 Sliding device (sliding means),
80 Pressurizing device (pressurizing means),
82 pressurizing part,
84 support structure,
86 Push rod,
88 Electrode pressurization device (electrode pressurization means),
90 control device (control means),
P1 Pressurizing force to relatively press the members to be joined together,
P2 electrode pressing force for relatively pressing the member to be joined and the electrode,
Energization via the C electrode,
D Sliding displacement.

Claims (14)

A joining method for joining a pair of members to be joined having conductivity,
Resistance heating by flowing current from one of the members to be joined to the other through electrodes while facing the joining surfaces of the members to be joined to each other and relatively sliding the pair of members to be joined. By having a joining step of joining the joining surfaces together,
In the bonding step, the members to be bonded are relatively pressed by a pressurizing unit, the members to be bonded are relatively slid by a sliding unit, and the members to be bonded and the electrodes are Press relatively,
In the joining step, (a) a pressing force for relatively pressing the members to be joined, (b) displacement of sliding, (c) energization via the electrodes, and (d) the members to be joined and the electrodes Among the electrode pressurizing pressures that relatively press each other, the joining surfaces are joined together by synchronizing parameters that change with time.   The joining method according to claim 1, wherein the joining surfaces are joined to each other in synchronization with any one of sliding displacement, applied pressure changing with time, and applied electrode pressure changing with time. . Energization through the electrode is synchronized with the displacement of the slide,
3. The joining method according to claim 2, wherein energization is performed at least when the displacement becomes zero and the energization is stopped when the displacement becomes maximum. Energization through the electrode is synchronized with the displacement of the slide,
3. The joining method according to claim 2, wherein energization is performed at least when the displacement has a maximum sliding speed, and energization is stopped when the displacement has a zero sliding speed. Energization through the electrode is synchronized with the displacement of the slide,
When starting the joining of the members to be joined, at least in the case of a displacement where the sliding speed is maximum, energization is stopped, and in the case of a displacement where the sliding speed is zero, energization is stopped,
When the joining of the members to be joined is terminated, at least when the displacement is such that the sliding speed is zero, energization is performed, and when the displacement is such that the sliding speed is maximum, the energization is stopped. Item 3. The joining method according to Item 2. Synchronizing the energization via the electrodes with the applied pressure changing with time,
The joining method according to claim 2, wherein energization is performed at least when the applied pressure is minimized, and the energization is stopped when the applied pressure is maximized. Synchronizing the energization via the electrodes with the applied pressure changing with time,
The joining method according to claim 2, wherein energization is performed at least when the applied pressure is maximized, and the energization is stopped when the applied pressure is minimized. Synchronizing the energization via the electrodes with the electrode pressure that changes over time,
The joining method according to claim 2, wherein energization is performed at least when the electrode pressurizing force is maximized, and the energization is stopped when the electrode pressurizing force is minimized. Synchronizing the energization via the electrodes with the electrode pressure that changes over time,
The joining method according to claim 2, wherein energization is performed at least when the electrode pressurizing force is minimized, and the energization is stopped when the electrode pressurizing force is maximized. Synchronize the pressure that changes over time with the displacement of the slide,
The joining method according to claim 1, wherein the pressing force is maximized at least when the displacement has a maximum sliding speed, and minimized when the displacement has a sliding speed of zero. Synchronize the electrode pressure that changes over time with the displacement of the slide,
2. The joining method according to claim 1, wherein the electrode pressing force is maximized at least when the sliding speed is zero and the electrode pressing force is minimized when the sliding speed is maximum. . Synchronize the electrode pressure that changes over time with the displacement of the slide,
2. The joining method according to claim 1, wherein the electrode pressing force is maximized at a displacement at which the sliding speed is maximum, and the electrode pressing force is minimized at a displacement at which the sliding speed is zero. . A joining device for joining a pair of members to be joined having conductivity,
Resistance heating by flowing current from one of the members to be joined to the other through electrodes while facing the joining surfaces of the members to be joined to each other and relatively sliding the pair of members to be joined. By having a joining means for joining the joining surfaces together,
The joining means includes
Pressurizing means for relatively pressing the members to be joined;
Sliding means for relatively sliding the member to be joined;
Current supply means for flowing a current from one of the members to be joined to the other via the electrode;
An electrode pressing means for relatively pressing the member to be joined and the electrode;
Control means for controlling the operation of the pressurizing means, the sliding means, the current supply means, and the electrode pressurizing means,
The control means, when joining the joining surfaces, (a) a pressing force for relatively pressing the members to be joined, (b) sliding displacement, (c) energization via the electrodes, and (D) Of the electrode pressurizing force that relatively presses the member to be joined and the electrode, the parameters that change with time are synchronized with each other to synchronize the pressurizing means, the sliding means, the current supply means, or the A joining device for controlling the operation of the electrode pressurizing means.   The control means controls the operation of the current supply means in synchronism with the energization via the electrodes, either by sliding displacement, applied pressure changing with time, or applied electrode pressure changing with time. The joining apparatus according to claim 13.

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