JP5895421B2 - Joining method and joining apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a joining method and joining apparatus using resistance heating and vibration friction.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a method is known in which a pair of members to be bonded is vibrated and the members to be bonded are vibration welded. Patent Document 1 proposes a method of vibrating and welding bonded members made of materials that are difficult to bond by one-way vibration by vibrating each of the bonded members in different directions.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-116220

  However, depending on the shape of the joining surface of the member to be joined, there may be a variation in joining strength depending on the part of the joining surface in vibration welding.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a bonding method and a bonding apparatus capable of obtaining a stable bonding strength on a bonding surface of a member to be bonded.

The joining method according to the present invention that achieves the above object is a joining method for joining a pair of members to be joined having conductivity, and includes a preheating step and a joining step. In the preheating step, the bonding surfaces of the members to be bonded are heated in advance. In the bonding step, the bonding surfaces to be bonded to each other are opposed to each other, and a pair of the members to be bonded are relatively slid and current is passed from one of the members to be bonded to the other to perform resistance heating. The joining surfaces are joined together. In the preliminary heating step, parts that are different from the parts to be joined to each other on the joining surface are brought into contact with each other and the parts to be contacted are heated.
A joining device according to the present invention that achieves the above object is a joining device for joining a pair of members to be joined having conductivity. The joining apparatus joins an electrode for flowing a current from one of the members to be joined to the other, a sliding means for relatively sliding a pair of the members to be joined, and a pair of the members to be joined. Moving means for relatively moving in a direction along the surface so that the joint surfaces of the joint surfaces are shifted or matched.

According to the joining method configured as described above, since there is a preheating step in which the parts that are different from the parts to be joined of the joining surfaces are brought into contact with each other and the contacted parts are preheated, the softening is performed in advance and the wear progresses. And a uniform and stable joint strength can be obtained over substantially the entire joint surface.
Moreover, according to the joining apparatus comprised as mentioned above, a pair of to-be-joined member was moved relatively to the direction along a joining surface, and the state which mutually joined the part to which joining surfaces were joined was made to correspond. Since it has the moving means for making it into a state, before joining to-be-joined members, it can be moved to the state which shifted the joining surface, and a joining surface can be pre-heated.

It is a schematic front view which shows the joining apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a schematic side view which shows the joining apparatus observed from the 2-2 line | wire of FIG. It is an enlarged front view which shows the electrode vicinity of the joining apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is an enlarged front view which shows the vibration means vicinity of the joining apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which follows the 5-5 line of FIG. It is a top view which shows the joining surface of the to-be-joined member in 1st Embodiment. It is the schematic for demonstrating progress of abrasion of a joint surface, (A) is a long part long in an excitation direction, (B) shows a short part short in an excitation direction. It is a top view which shows the time of mutually shifting the joining surfaces of a to-be-joined member. It is a top view which shows the contact area | region of the joining surface shown in FIG. 8, (A) shows one to-be-joined member, (B) shows the other to-be-joined member. It is a top view which shows the contact area | region of the joining surface at the time of joining a to-be-joined member. It is a flowchart which shows the joining method in 1st Embodiment. It is an expanded sectional view showing the time of installing a member to be joined to the joining device concerning a 1st embodiment. It is an expanded sectional view which shows the time of moving one of the to-be-joined members by a moving means. It is an expanded sectional view showing the time of performing a preliminary heating process with the joining device concerning a 1st embodiment. It is an expanded sectional view showing at the time of performing a joint surface matching process and a joining process with the joining device concerning a 1st embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the to-be-joined member in 2nd Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the joining method in 2nd Embodiment. It is an expanded sectional view showing the electrode neighborhood of the joining device concerning a 3rd embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the joining method in 3rd Embodiment. It is a top view which shows the time of joining the joining surfaces of the other examples of a to-be-joined member relatively. It is a top view which shows the contact area | region of the joining surface shown in FIG. 20, (A) shows one to-be-joined member, (B) shows the other to-be-joined member.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, the dimension ratio of drawing is exaggerated on account of description, and may differ from an actual ratio.

<First Embodiment>
X As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the joining apparatus 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention uses a pair of joined members 1 a and 1 b having conductivity using resistance heating by current and friction heating by vibration. Thus, the conductive bonding member is obtained by bonding them together. The bonding apparatus 10 holds the bonded members 1a and 1b with the bonding surfaces 2a and 2b to be bonded to each other facing each other, and pressurizes in the pressing direction Z (the normal direction of the bonding surfaces 2a and 2b). The members to be joined 1a and 1b are joined by performing resistance heating while oscillating in the oscillating direction X along 2b. The excitation direction X is selected so as to coincide with the long direction of the joint surfaces 2a and 2b.

  The bonding apparatus 10 includes a first fixing member 20 for fixing the upper member to be bonded 1a, a holding means 60 for slidably holding the lower member to be bonded 1b, and a sliding member 1b. And a moving means 100 for sliding in a direction orthogonal to the direction (excitation direction X). The bonding apparatus 10 further includes a first electrode 51 and a second electrode 52 for flowing current to the bonded members 1a and 1b, and a vibration device 70 for vibrating the bonded member 1b below. ing. In the present embodiment, the excitation direction X substantially coincides with the long direction of the joining surfaces 2a and 2b, so that the slide direction Y coincides with the short direction. Therefore, since the moving means 100 is arranged in the short direction and the member 1b to be joined is moved in the short direction, the apparatus can be saved in a space. Note that the slide direction Y does not necessarily have to be strictly orthogonal to the excitation direction X, and only needs to intersect the excitation direction X.

  The holding means 60 regulates the movement of the bonded member 1b in the pressing direction Z while holding the lower bonded member 1b slidable in the vibration direction X. The holding means 60 includes a second fixing member 30 (fixing member) that moves in the vibration direction X together with the member 1b to which the member 1b is fixed, a frame 61 that is fixedly disposed, and a second fixing member. It has the 1st linear guide 65 and the 2nd linear guide 66 which can move the member 30 along the sliding direction of the to-be-joined member 1b. The frame body 61 also has a function as an electromagnetic shielding cover.

  The moving means 100 includes a third linear guide 101 that allows the second fixing member 30 that holds the bonded member 1b to move in a sliding direction Y perpendicular to the excitation direction X and the pressing direction Z, and the second linear member 101 in the sliding direction Y. 2 has an actuator 102 coupled to the second fixing member 30 to move the fixing member 30 (see FIG. 2). The moving means 100 moves the member 1b to be bonded, so that the bonding surfaces 2a and 2b of the member 1a and the member 1b to be bonded to each other are arranged to face each other at a position different from the part to be actually bonded. is there.

  The actuator 102 is connected to the control device 80 and can control the amount of movement of the second fixing member 30 in the sliding direction Y. The structure of the actuator 102 is not particularly limited as long as the movement amount of the second fixing member 30 can be controlled. For example, a hydraulic type, a pneumatic type, a motor, or the like can be applied.

  The 1st fixing member 20 has the fitting hole 21 which can fit the to-be-joined member 1a, and when the to-be-joined member 1a is fitted and fixed to the fitting hole 21, the to-be-joined member 1a. Movement in the horizontal direction (excitation direction X and sliding direction Y along the joining surfaces 2a and 2b) is restricted. A first electrode 51 capable of moving forward and backward from above passes through the fitting hole 21 so that the first electrode 51 can come into contact with the upper surface of the joined member 1a. The first fixing member 20 is fixed to the frame body 61 via an insulating member 62.

  The second fixing member 30 has a fitting hole 31 into which the member to be joined 1b can be fitted. The member to be joined 1b is fitted and held in the fitting hole 31, and the second fixing member 30 is added. The bonded member 1b is vibrated by vibration in the vibration direction X, and the bonded member 1b is moved by movement of the second fixing member 30 in the sliding direction Y. The fitting hole 31 of the second fixing member 30 is provided with an electrode protection plate 32 made of copper having high conductivity, and the second fixing member 30 and the joined member 1b are in contact with each other through the electrode protection plate 32. . A second electrode 52 that can move forward and backward from below can contact the lower surface 33 of the second fixing member 30.

  The joining device 10 further includes a vibration device 70 (vibration means, sliding means) that vibrates the second fixing member 30 and a control device 80 (control means) that controls the joining device 10. .

  As shown in FIG. 4, the vibration device 70 includes a motor 71 as a drive source controlled by the control device 80, a drive shaft 72 that is rotationally driven by the motor 71, and a vibration that is vibrated by the drive shaft 72. A plate 73 and a counter plate 74 are provided. The motor 71 is fixed to the frame body 61, and the drive shaft 72 is rotatably held by a bearing 75 disposed on the frame body 61. The drive shaft 72 has a first eccentric portion 72a and a second eccentric portion 72b that are eccentric with the shaft center, and a vibration plate 73 is connected to the first eccentric portion 72a via a first bearing 76a. The counter plate 74 is connected to the second eccentric portion 72b via a second bearing 76b. The vibration plate 73 is held on the counter plate 74 via the first linear guide 65, and the counter plate 74 is held on the frame body 61 via the second linear guide 66. The sliding directions of the first linear guide 65 and the second linear guide 66 are the same, and the vibration plate 73 and the counter plate 74 can individually vibrate in the same direction.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the first bearing 76 a is fitted in an oblong hole 77 having a long axis in a direction orthogonal to the vibration direction of the vibration plate 73. For this reason, when the drive shaft 72 rotates and the first eccentric portion 72 a swings, the vibration in the major axis direction is not transmitted to the vibration plate 73, and the vibration plate 73 is vibrated only in one direction X. The second bearing 76b is fitted in an oval hole 78 having a long axis in a direction orthogonal to the excitation direction X of the counter plate 74 (see FIG. 4). For this reason, when the second eccentric portion 72b is swung around, the vibration in the major axis direction is not transmitted to the counter plate 74, and the counter plate 74 is vibrated only in one direction X.

  The first eccentric portion 72a and the second eccentric portion 72b have a structure in which the phase in the eccentric direction is shifted by 180 degrees, and the vibration of the frame body 61 is canceled by the vibration of the excitation plate 73 and the counter plate 74 in opposite phases. It has become. It should be noted that the mechanism of the vibration exciter can be, for example, an ultrasonic vibration, an electromagnetic vibration, or a hydraulic one.

  The second fixing member 30 is fixed to the vibration plate 73 via a third linear guide 101 extending in a sliding direction Y orthogonal to the first linear guide 65 and the second linear guide 66. When the second fixing member 30 receives a force from above, the frame is fixedly arranged via the third linear guide 101, the vibration plate 73, the first linear guide 65, the counter plate 74, and the second linear guide 66. The force is received by the body 61, and the second fixing member 30 does not move downward.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the first electrode 51 and the second electrode 52 are connected to a current supply device 90 that supplies current, and a member sandwiched between the first electrode 51 and the second electrode 52 Can flow.

  The first electrode 51 is connected to the upper first pressurizing device 41 and can be moved forward and backward, and can pressurize the member 1a to be joined in the pressing direction Z. The first pressurizing device 41 incorporates, for example, a hydraulic cylinder and is connected to the control device 80 and controlled to adjust the contact pressure of the first electrode 51 with respect to the bonded member 1a.

  The second electrode 52 is connected to the lower second pressurizing device 42 so as to be able to advance and retract, and can press the member 1b to be pressed in the pressing direction Z through the second fixing member 30. The second pressurizing device 42 incorporates, for example, a hydraulic cylinder and is connected to the control device 80 and controlled to adjust the contact pressure of the second electrode 52 with respect to the member 1b to be joined.

  The first electrode 51 penetrates the frame 61 in a non-contact manner, and the second electrode 52 penetrates the vibration plate 73, the counter plate 74, and the frame 61 in a non-contact manner. The first electrode 51 and the second electrode 52 preferably have a structure in which cooling water circulates inside.

  The current supply device 90 is a device that can supply a direct current or an alternating current to the first electrode 51 and the second electrode 52 and is connected to the control device 80 so that the current value, the voltage value, and the like can be arbitrarily controlled. Yes.

  The control device 80 is an electronic computer that comprehensively controls the first and second pressure devices 41 and 42, the vibration device 70, the current supply device 90, and the actuator 102 described above. The control device 80 includes a calculation unit, a storage unit, an input unit, and an output unit. A program for controlling the entire joining apparatus 10 is stored in the storage unit, and the joined members 1a and 1b are joined to the joining apparatus 10 by executing this program in the arithmetic unit. . By providing the control device 80, all or a part of the steps described later (see FIG. 11) is automatically executed based on the program.

  The members to be joined 1a and 1b are not particularly limited as long as they are materials having conductivity, but in the present embodiment, cast aluminum (Al) is used. As an example, as shown in FIG. 6, the members to be joined 1 a and 1 b have joint surfaces 2 a and 2 b to be joined to each other so that a rectangular opening is formed inside the rectangle. Therefore, the contact length along the excitation direction of the joint surfaces 2a and 2b has a length L1 in the long portion 3 in which the long side extends, and the length L1 is formed on both sides in the excitation direction across the opening. It is longer than the contact length L2 in the short part 4 to be performed. As described above, the contact lengths of the joined members 1a and 1b are not uniform along the vibration direction of the joining surfaces 2a and 2b.

  Here, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, when the long portion 3 ′ and the short portion 4 ′ having the same contact area and different contact lengths in the vibration direction X are compared. Even if it is assumed that the number of wear starting points P is equal, the wear progresses from the starting point P along the vibration direction X. Therefore, the long portion 3 'long in the vibration direction X shown in FIG. However, the wear is substantially more likely to occur than the short portion 4 ′.

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, when the contact surfaces 2 a and 2 b having non-uniform contact lengths are matched and vibrated, a short part having a short contact length compared to the long part 3 having a long contact length. In 4, since it is difficult to promote wear, the final joint strength of the short portion 4 is lower than that of the long portion 3.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, first, by moving the member 1b to be joined in the sliding direction Y orthogonal to the vibration direction X by the moving means 100, the short lengths of the joining surfaces 2a and 2b as shown in FIGS. The part 4 is in a state where it is in contact as much as possible, while the long part 3 is in a state where it is not in contact as much as possible. The hatched portion in FIG. 9 represents the contact area A. And in this state, the part which the joining surfaces 2a and 2b are contacting is heated by sending an electric current between the to-be-joined members 1a and 1b by the 1st electrode 51 and the 2nd electrode 52. In addition, you may perform the friction heating by an excitation instead of the resistance heating by an electric current, or you may perform both.

  As a result, the contact area A including the short portion 4 indicated by the oblique lines in FIG. 9 of the members to be joined 1a and 1b is heated and softened.

  Thereafter, when the member to be bonded 1b is returned to a position coinciding with the member to be bonded 1a by the moving means 100 and a current is passed while being vibrated, the short portion 4 is softened and wear tends to progress. As shown in the contact area A shown in FIG. 10, wear develops in both the long portion 3 and the short portion 4, and a more uniform and stable joint strength can be obtained at the joint surfaces 2a and 2b.

  Next, a method of joining the members to be joined by the joining apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment will be described along the flowchart shown in FIG.

  First, to-be-joined members 1a and 1b to be joined to each other are prepared. As shown in FIG. 12, the to-be-joined member 1b is fitted in the fitting hole 31 of the second fixing member 30 and installed. 1 a is installed in the fitting hole 21 of the first fixing member 20. At this time, the first electrode 51 is not in contact with the upper surface of the bonded member 1 a, and the second electrode 52 is not in contact with the second fixing member 30.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 13, the actuator 102 of the moving means 100 is operated (see FIG. 2) to move the member to be joined 1b in the sliding direction Y, and as shown in FIG. While the short portion 4 of 2b is in a state of being in contact as much as possible, the long portion 3 is in a state of being not in contact as much as possible. In order to achieve such a state, it is preferable that the amount of movement of the bonded member 1b be equal to or greater than the width W of the long portion 3 in the sliding direction Y, but the present invention is not limited to this, and it depends on the shape of the bonded member. It is preferable to set appropriately.

  And as shown in FIG. 14, the 1st electrode 51 is dropped by the 1st pressurization apparatus 41, the upper surface of the to-be-joined member 1a is pressurized below by the 1st electrode 51, and the 2nd electrode 52 is made 2nd pressurization. The second electrode 52 is pressed against the lower surface 33 of the second fixing member 30 by being raised by the device 42. And an electric current is sent between the 1st electrode 51 and the 2nd electrode 52, and the site | part which the joining surfaces 2a and 2b are contacting is heated (preheating process S11). In addition, you may perform the friction heating by an excitation instead of the resistance heating by an electric current, or you may perform both. By this preliminary heating step S11, the contact area A including the short portion 4 is heated and softened.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 15, while the joining surfaces 2 a and 2 b are heated by resistance heating and vibration heating (friction heating by sliding), the joining surfaces 2 a and 2 b are joined to each other. A joining surface matching step S12 for moving the joined member 1b is performed. In the joining surface matching step S <b> 12, the member to be joined 1 b fixed to the second fixing member 30 by driving the vibration device 70 by the control device 80 while passing a current between the first electrode 51 and the second electrode 52. Is vibrated in the vibration direction X. In the vibration exciter 70, the motor 71 is driven by the controller 80, the drive shaft 72 rotates, and the vibration plate 73 and the counter plate 74 vibrate in opposite phases. When the vibration plate 73 vibrates, the second fixing member 30 fixed to the vibration plate 73 also vibrates, and the joined member 1b fixed to the second fixing member 30 vibrates in the vibration direction X. At this time, since the to-be-joined member 1a in contact with the to-be-joined member 1b is fixedly restricted in movement in the horizontal direction by the first fixing member 20, friction occurs between the to-be-joined member 1a and the to-be-joined member 1b. . In the present embodiment, unidirectional vibration is performed, but the member to be bonded 1b can be vibrated so as to revolve along the bonding surfaces 2a and 2b. Here, the revolving motion means that the bonded member 1b swings around in a circular orbit without rotating. Since the relative movement between the joining surfaces 2a and 2b does not stop if the member to be joined 1b vibrates so as to revolve, only the dynamic friction coefficient acts to stabilize the friction coefficient. The vibration becomes smooth and the joint surfaces 2a and 2b can be more evenly worn.

  Then, the current is passed between the first electrode 51 and the second electrode 52, and the second fixing member 30 is operated by operating the actuator 102 while maintaining the state where the bonded member 1b is vibrated in the vibration direction X. The to-be-joined member 1b fixed to is gradually positioned until it coincides with the to-be-joined member 1a. By gradually moving the member 1b to be joined, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of temperature unevenness on the joining surfaces 2a and 2b and to make the wear more easily progress. Then, by applying vibration while applying pressure by the first electrode 51, the joint surfaces 2a and 2b slide and are heated by frictional heat, and the joint surfaces 2a and 2b are worn by plastic flow, and the joint surface The surface pressure between 2a and 2b is made uniform to some extent. In addition, since the member 1b is vibrated, the frictional resistance in the sliding direction Y is reduced, and the member 1b can be relatively moved while being in contact with the member 1a. Become. Further, in the present embodiment, only one member to be bonded (in this embodiment, the member to be bonded 1b) is vibrated, so that the other member to be bonded (in this embodiment, the member to be bonded 1a) is large. It is possible to apply.

  Furthermore, the joining surface matching step S12 removes the oxide film on the surface of the aluminum by sliding to reduce the variation in contact resistance due to the difference in the film thickness, and the variation in the amount of heat generated when resistance heating is performed in the subsequent step. Demonstrate the effect. Therefore, before joining, the surface of the to-be-joined members 1a and 1b made of aluminum is degreased, and further, a treatment such as brushing with a wire brush to remove the oxide film on the surface becomes unnecessary, and workability is improved. Of course, brushing may be performed in advance.

  In the bonding surface matching step S12, both resistance heating and vibration heating are used in combination, but heating can be performed by only one of them, or the member 1b to be bonded can be covered without heating. It is also possible to position it until it coincides with the joining member 1a.

  After joining surface matching process S12, 1st joining process S13 which heats to-be-joined members 1a and 1b by resistance heating is performed. With the portions to be joined of the joining surfaces 2a and 2b of the members to be joined 1a and 1b being matched, an electric current is passed between the first electrode 51 and the second electrode 52 while being vibrated by the vibration device 70. The members 1a and 1b are heated by using both vibration heating and resistance heating. Since the second fixing member 30 is held by the frame body 61 (holding means 60) so as to be restricted from moving downward, the pressing force of the second electrode 52 against the second fixing member 30 is The minimum force necessary for flowing the current can be obtained, and wear of the second electrode 52 is suppressed to the minimum.

  In the first bonding step S13, resistance heating acts on the high surface pressure portion where currents in the bonding surfaces 2a and 2b concentrate, and the oxide films on the bonding surfaces 2a and 2b are forcibly separated. Furthermore, pressure and vibration act on the high surface pressure portion heated by resistance heating to cause plastic flow and material diffusion, and the high surface pressure portion is worn and the current concentration portion changes every moment. As a result, the current flow is dispersed, the joint surfaces 2a and 2b are uniformly heated, and the entire joint surfaces 2a and 2b can be uniformly joined in a later step. In the first joining step S13, it is also possible to completely stop the rotation of the motor 71 of the vibration exciter 70 and heat and bond only by resistance heating without vibration.

  In the first joining step S13, since both frictional heating and resistance heating by vibration are used together, it is not necessary to apply a high pressure to the joining surfaces 2a and 2b, and the members to be joined having a large area of the joining surfaces 2a and 2b. Even if it is 1a, 1b, it can heat and can join in a next process.

  Moreover, since only the surface layers of the joining surfaces 2a and 2b are melted and finally joined, the heating time can be shortened, and even in the case of a cast product containing gas in the material, It is difficult for gas to expand and eject, and good bonding can be realized.

  After the first joining step S13, a second joining step S14 is performed. In the second bonding step S <b> 14, as shown in FIG. 9, the current supply by the current supply device 90 is stopped and the second electrode 52 is separated from the second fixing member 30. Further, the vibration device 70 is operated to vibrate the bonded member 1 b installed on the second fixing member 30. In this way, by reducing the amount of heat generated by resistance heating and increasing the amount of heat generated by vibration, the softened material is agitated by vibration from the process of promoting the softening by increasing the temperature of the material by contact resistance. Thus, the process moves to the process of promoting integration.

  In the second bonding step S <b> 14, the second electrode 52 and the second fixing member 30 are separated from the second fixing member 30 by separating the second electrode 52 that is no longer required to contact the second fixing member 30 because energization is unnecessary. Wear, adhesion and adhesion are suppressed.

  When the second joining step S14 is finished, the vibration device 70 is stopped. However, in order to finally join the members 1a and 1b to be joined at a desired relative position, the vibration device 70 is finally subjected to the vibration. The joining members 1a and 1b are positioned at specified positions. At this time, since the positioning accuracy decreases if the pressure applied by the first pressurizing device 41 is large, the pressurizing force by the first pressurizing device 41 may be decreased before stopping the vibrating device 70. When the pressurizing force by the first pressurizing device 41 is reduced, the vibration exciting device 70 can be stopped in a state in which the members to be joined 1a and 1b are in a desirable relative position. In addition, you may provide the other structure for positioning the to-be-joined member 1a, 1b separately.

  After 2nd joining process S14, it transfers to cooling process S15 which cools to-be-joined member 1a, 1b. In the cooling step S <b> 15, the control device 80 stops the vibration device 70 and the current supply device 90 and increases the pressure applied by the first pressure device 41. When a preset time elapses, it is determined that the cooling is finished, and the pressurization by the first pressurizing device 41 is finished. Alternatively, after a signal input to the control device 80 from a thermometer (not shown) that measures the temperature of the members to be joined 1a and 1b becomes equal to or lower than a predetermined value, it is determined that the cooling is finished, and the first pressurizing device 41 The pressurization by can also be terminated. Thereafter, the first electrode 51 is raised and separated from the member 1a to be joined, and the joined members 1a and 1b joined are removed from the apparatus.

  At the bonding interface of the bonded members 1a and 1b that are bonded, the diffusion bonded surfaces bonded by diffusion of the material of the bonded members 1a and 1b and the material of the bonded members 1a and 1b are bonded by plastic flow. The plastic flow bonded surfaces are formed in a mixed manner.

  It should be noted that between the first joining step S13 and the second joining step S14, the first joining step S13 and the second joining step S14 are combined into one joining step without decreasing the supply of current while increasing the applied pressure. Can also be implemented. Also, the cooling step S15 can be omitted without necessarily providing it.

  In the bonding method in the first embodiment, the preheating step S11 for preheating the bonding surfaces 2a and 2b to be bonded to each other, and resistance heating by flowing current while the bonding surfaces 2a and 2b are opposed to each other and relatively sliding are performed. Thus, the first and second joining steps S13 and S14 for joining the joining surfaces to each other are provided. Therefore, it is possible to soften the joint surfaces 2a and 2b in advance to facilitate the progress of wear, and to obtain a uniform and stable joint strength over substantially the entire joint surfaces 2a and 2b.

  Further, in the preheating step S11, since the short portion 4 having a relatively short contact length along the sliding direction of the joint surfaces 2a and 2b is preheated, the short portion 4 which is hard to progress in wear is softened and worn in advance. Can be easily developed, and uniform and stable bonding strength can be obtained over substantially the entire bonding surfaces 2a and 2b.

  Moreover, in preheating process S11, since it heats by the resistance heating by electricity supply, or the frictional heating by sliding, the site | part which the joining surfaces 2a and 2b are contacting can be heated easily.

  Moreover, in preheating process S11, the site | parts different from the site | part mutually joined of joining surface 2a, 2b are made to contact, and the said site | part to contact is heated. That is, in order to preheat the short part 4 by moving at least a part of the long part 3 in a non-contact state while relatively moving the members to be joined 1a and 1b and maintaining the contact of the joining surface in the short part 4 Only the short part 4 can be heated as much as possible, and more uniform and stable joint strength can be obtained.

  Further, after the preheating step S11 and before the first joining step S13, the joined members 1a and 1b are joined to each other while heating the joining surfaces 2a and 2b by at least one of resistance heating and frictional heating by sliding. There is a joining surface matching step S12 for relatively moving until the parts to be joined match. For this reason, generation | occurrence | production of the temperature nonuniformity of joining surface 2a, 2b can be suppressed, and more uniform and stable joining strength can be obtained.

  Further, since the excitation direction X (sliding direction) is a direction along the long direction of the joining surfaces 2a and 2b of the members to be joined 1a and 1b, the sliding direction Y in which the member to be joined 1b moves is the short direction. Thus, space saving of the apparatus can be achieved.

  Moreover, according to the joining apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment, since it has the moving means 100 which moves the to-be-joined members 1a and 1b relatively to the direction which cross | intersects the excitation direction X, to-be-joined members 1a and 1b Before joining, the joining surfaces 2a and 2b can be moved to a shifted state to preheat the joining surfaces 2a and 2b.

  In addition, while operating at least one of the electrodes 51 and 52 and the vibration device 70 to heat the bonding surfaces 2a and 2b, the bonding surfaces until the bonding surfaces of the bonding surfaces 2a and 2b are shifted from each other are matched. Since it has the control apparatus 90 which moves the to-be-joined members 1a and 1b relatively to the direction along 2a and 2b, joining to the to-be-joined members 1a and 1b can be performed automatically.

Second Embodiment
The joining apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted by assigning the same reference numerals, but the shapes of the members to be joined 5a and 5b are the same as those of the first embodiment. Different from the members 1a and 1b.

  As shown in FIG. 16, the members to be bonded 5a and 5b in the second embodiment have bonding surfaces 6a and 6b, and the upper surface 7 and the bonding surface 6a to which the load of one of the members to be bonded 5a is applied. The shape does not coincide with the load direction Z. Therefore, when a load from the first electrode 51 acts on the upper surface 7, it overlaps with the upper surface 7 (in the load direction Z) in the overhanging portion 8 that does not overlap with the upper surface 7 of the bonding surface 6 a (the upper surface 7 does not exist in the load direction Z). The acting surface pressure is lower than that of the heavy portion 9 where the upper surface 7 exists. Therefore, even if friction heating by vibration is performed in this state, the overhanging portion 8 is less likely to be worn than the heavy portion 9 and the bonding strength is uneven.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 17, first, current is passed through the members 5a and 5b to be joined by the first electrode 51 and the second electrode 52 of the joining apparatus 10, and the joining surfaces 6a and 6b are heated by resistance. Is preheated (preheating step S21). Thereby, the overhang | projection part 8 is softened and it becomes easy to wear, and it joins by performing 1st joining process S23, 2nd joining process S24, and cooling process S25 similar to process S13-15 of 1st Embodiment after this. Uniform and stable bonding strength can be obtained on the surfaces 6a and 6b.

  According to the joining method in the second embodiment, since the preheating step S21 for preheating the overhanging portion 8 having a low surface pressure of the bonding surfaces 6a and 6b to be bonded to each other is provided in advance, the overhanging portion 8 in which wear hardly progresses is preliminarily provided. It can be softened to facilitate the progress of wear, and a uniform and stable joint strength can be obtained over substantially the entire joint surfaces 6a and 6b.

<Third Embodiment>
The joining apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted. However, as in the second embodiment, the moving means 100 that slides the joined member is not used. And as shown in FIG. 18, the to-be-joined members 15a and 15b are rectangular parallelepipeds of the joining surfaces 16a and 16b, and the long and short portions are not formed on the joining surfaces as in the first embodiment. Unlike the second embodiment, the shape is not such that the surface pressure hardly acts on the joint surface. In addition, a to-be-joined member is not limited to this, A shape will not be limited if it can contact and slide relatively.

  Next, a method for joining the members to be joined 15a and 15b by the joining apparatus according to the third embodiment will be described along the flowchart shown in FIG.

  First, the members to be bonded 15 a and 15 b to be bonded to each other are prepared, the member to be bonded 15 b is installed on the second fixing member 30, and the member to be bonded 15 a is installed on the first fixing member 20.

  Then, the first electrode 51 is lowered by the first pressure device 41, the upper surface of the bonded member 15a is pressurized downward by the first electrode 51, the second electrode 52 is raised by the second pressure device 42, The second electrode 52 is pressed against the lower surface 33 of the second fixing member 30. At this time, unlike the first embodiment, the joint surfaces 16a and 16b are in contact with portions to be actually joined. Then, a current is passed between the first electrode 51 and the second electrode 52 to heat the bonding surfaces 2a and 2b (preheating step S31). In addition, you may perform the friction heating by an excitation instead of the resistance heating by an electric current, or you may perform both. By this preliminary heating step S31, the entire joining surfaces 16a and 16b are heated and softened. Thereafter, the first joining step S33, the second joining step S34 and the cooling step S35 similar to the steps S13 to S15 of the first embodiment are performed to join the joining surfaces 16a and 16b.

  According to the joining method in the third embodiment, since the pre-heating step S31 for preheating the whole joint surfaces 16a and 16b of the members to be joined 15a and 15b is preliminarily heated, the whole joint surfaces 2a and 2b are preliminarily formed. It can be softened to facilitate the progress of wear, and a uniform and stable joint strength can be obtained over substantially the entire joint surfaces 16a and 16b.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the claims. For example, the first electrode 51 may not be in direct contact with the member to be bonded 1 a, and may have a structure in which the member to be bonded 1 a is pressed via the first fixing member 20. For example, the 2nd electrode 52 does not need to contact the 2nd fixing member 30, and may contact the to-be-joined member 1b directly or indirectly.

  Moreover, in 1st Embodiment, the structure to which the to-be-joined member 1a slides instead of the to-be-joined member 1b sliding may be sufficient.

  Further, the member to be bonded in the first embodiment may have another form having a long part and a short part, and the members to be joined 11a and 11b are rectangular as in other examples shown in FIGS. May have three rectangular openings side by side. Even in such a shape, the short portion 14 can be in a state where it is in contact as much as possible, and the long portion 13 can be in a state in which it is not in contact as much as possible, as in the contact region A indicated by hatching in FIG. The contact area A containing can be preheated in advance.

  In addition, the method and apparatus of the first embodiment do not necessarily need to be used for pre-vibration of the members to be joined 1a and 1b provided with the short portion 4, and can be relatively slid and vibrated. The present invention can be applied to any member to be joined as long as it is possible. Therefore, the short part 4 and the long part 3 do not need to be formed on the members 1a and 1b.

  Further, in the second embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment, the member to be joined is slid by the moving unit 100 so that the part having a low surface pressure on the joining surface comes into contact, but at least one part having a high surface pressure is present. If it is possible to make a state where the parts do not contact, the member to be joined may be relatively moved to perform preheating.

  In addition, if possible, a eutectic foil (intermediate material) having a foil-like conductivity made of a eutectic reaction material that undergoes a eutectic reaction with the member to be bonded may be sandwiched between the pair of members to be bonded. When the member to be joined is aluminum, the eutectic foil includes zinc (Zn), silicon (Si), copper (Cu), tin (Sn), silver (Ag), nickel (Ni), etc. that react with the aluminum. Can be used. Further, as long as it is a material that becomes a liquid phase at a temperature lower than the melting point of at least one of the members to be joined, even if it is not a material that undergoes a eutectic reaction, it can be applied instead of the eutectic foil. When a eutectic foil is used between the members to be joined, the eutectic foil becomes a liquid phase at a lower melting point than that of the members to be joined by the eutectic reaction, and plays a role of blocking oxygen and suppressing reoxidation. By using the eutectic foil, it is possible to perform bonding in the atmosphere with a low heat input in a short time in the atmosphere for vacuum brazing which requires a vacuum atmosphere and a long time, and mass production becomes easy. And at the joining interface of the joined members to be joined, a diffusion joining surface joined by diffusion of the material of the joined member, a plastic flow joining surface joined by plastic flow of the material of the joined member, Further, when the eutectic foil is sandwiched, intermediate layer intervening joining surfaces joined via an intermediate material are mixedly formed.

1a, 1b, 5a, 5b, 11a, 11b, 15a, 15b members to be joined,
2a, 2b, 6a, 6b, 16a, 16b joint surface,
3,13 long part,
4,14 Short section,
8 Overhang part,
10 Joining device,
51 first electrode;
52 second electrode,
70 Exciting device (exciting means),
80 control device (control means),
100 moving means,
S11, S21, S31 preheating step,
S12 joint surface matching process,
S13, S23, S33 first joining step (joining step),
S14, S24, S34 second joining step (joining step),
X Excitation direction (sliding direction),
Y slide direction,
Z Pressing direction.

Claims (7)

A joining method for joining a pair of members to be joined having conductivity,
A preheating step of preheating the joining surfaces of the joined members to be joined together;
The bonding surfaces are bonded to each other by causing a current to flow from one of the members to be bonded to the other while causing the bonding surfaces to be bonded to face each other and relatively sliding the pair of members to be bonded. A bonding step of bonding ,
In the preliminary heating step, a bonding method in which a portion different from a portion to be bonded to each other on the bonding surface is brought into contact with each other to heat the contacted portion .   In the preliminary heating step, the joining surface is heated by at least one of resistance heating by flowing current from one of the members to be joined to the other and friction heating by relatively sliding a pair of the members to be joined. The joining method according to claim 1. After the preliminary heating step and before the joining step, resistance heating by flowing current from one of the members to be joined to the other and friction heating by relatively sliding the pair of members to be joined The bonding surface matching step of moving the pair of members to be bonded relatively while heating the bonding surface by at least one of the members until the bonded portions of the bonding surfaces coincide with each other. The joining method described. The sliding method in the said joining process is a joining method of any one of Claims 1-3 which is a direction along the elongate direction of the said joining surface . In the preheating step, the contact pressure along the sliding direction in the joining step of the joining surface is relatively short compared to other portions, or the surface pressure acting between the opposing joining surfaces is other. The joining method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein a part that is relatively lower than the part is heated .   A joining device for joining a pair of members to be joined having conductivity,
  An electrode for flowing a current from one of the members to be joined to the other;
  Sliding means for relatively sliding the pair of members to be joined;
  And a moving means for moving the pair of members to be joined relative to each other in a direction along the joining surface to shift or match the joined portions of the joining surfaces to each other. apparatus. From a state in which at least one of the electrode and the sliding means is operated to heat the joining surface by resistance heating or friction heating, and the moving means is operated to shift the joining portions of the joining surfaces to each other. The joining apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising a control unit that relatively moves the joined members to coincide with each other .

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