JP5714683B1 - Umbrella type spiral turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

An umbrella-type spiral water turbine is provided which can be installed vertically and can obtain a rotational force efficiently from flowing water in the entire water turbine while reducing the installation area. A rotating cylinder 11 having a conical shape and a plurality of rotating blades 12 spirally provided on an outer peripheral surface of the rotating cylinder 11 are provided. The rotary blades 12 extend horizontally outward from the outer peripheral surface of the rotary drum 11, and the inclination angle gradually decreases from the upper side to the lower side. A guide wall 13 is preferably provided on the outer edge of the rotary blade 12 so as to stand upward. The rotating shaft 11 is installed vertically with the top of the rotating drum 11 facing upward, and rotates by receiving flowing water pressure falling from above. [Selection] Figure 5

Description

  The present invention relates to a spiral turbine having a rotating drum and rotating blades spirally provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating drum and rotating under a flowing water pressure flowing from above.

  As this type of spiral water wheel, for example, the following Patent Document 1 has been proposed. The spiral water wheel of Patent Document 1 includes a hollow cylindrical rotating drum and rotating blades provided spirally on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating drum. Here, the rotating blades extend radially outward from the outer peripheral surface of the rotating drum, and the spiral inclination angle is generally the same from the upper start end to the lower end. That is, the rotary blades are provided at the same spiral pitch from the start end to the end. On the other hand, only the lower end portion of the rotating drum has a smaller diameter than the other parts. In addition, the spiral water turbine is installed obliquely on the sloped waterway, and the rotating turbine blades are rotated by receiving the flowing water pressure flowing from above the slope.

JP 2013-174198 A

  In Patent Document 1, the flow of water that generates the rotational force of the spiral water turbine is secured by the slope, and the spiral water turbine is basically horizontally placed. Therefore, in order to provide a height difference for creating a sufficient water flow, Requires a large footprint. This is not suitable for installing a spiral water wheel in a narrow site or indoor.

  In order to solve this problem, it is possible to simply drop the water freely and install the spiral water turbine vertically. However, if such a spiral turbine is simply installed vertically, the following problems arise. First, in the case of the impulse type vertical spiral turbine as described above, the potential energy of the water is converted into the kinetic (rotational) energy of the spiral turbine by flowing water through the rotating blades. In order to rotate the water wheel, the water flow speed must be high to some extent. Specifically, if the flowing water speed is higher than the moving speed of the water turbine spiral surface in the rotation axis direction, the potential energy of water acts as the rotational force of the spiral water wheel. If they are equivalent, the water simply flows (drops) together with the spiral turbine, and the rotational force of the spiral turbine does not occur. Furthermore, if the flowing water speed is smaller than the moving speed of the water wheel spiral surface in the direction of the rotation axis, the water acts to push the upper spiral surface in the direction opposite to the rotation. Here, the moving speed of the water wheel spiral surface in the direction of the rotation axis is the product of the rotation axis direction distance and the rotation speed while the rotating blades make one rotation of the rotation axis.

  Here, when the spiral turbine is installed vertically, the flowing water speed is high in the upper part of the spiral turbine, but the potential energy of water is used as the rotational energy of the spiral turbine, and flows downward through the rotating blades. The flowing water velocity has a characteristic of gradually decreasing as it goes on. Therefore, when the spiral water turbine is simply installed vertically, only the upper part of the spiral water turbine generates rotational force by receiving the flowing water pressure, and the water flows integrally with the spiral water turbine in the middle part and the lower part. Or just jumping out of the spiral turbine, there is a risk that no rotational force will be generated. This not only makes it impossible to effectively use the potential energy of the water from the beginning to the end of the rotating blades, but is also inefficient, and also wastes in terms of downsizing the spiral turbine.

  Accordingly, as a result of intensive studies by the present inventors in view of the above-mentioned problems, the spiral turbine has a divergent taper shape while installing the spiral turbine in a vertical direction to reduce the installation area, and the spiral of the rotating blades. It has been found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by changing the pitch, and the present invention has been completed.

  That is, the present invention solves the above-described problem, and provides an umbrella-type spiral turbine that can be installed vertically and can efficiently obtain a rotational force from running water in the entire rotating blade while reducing the installation area. For the purpose.

  As a means for this, the spiral water turbine of the present invention (runner of the water turbine device) has a rotating drum and rotating blades provided spirally on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating drum, and the rotating drum has a conical shape. It has an umbrella shape. The rotating blades are provided radially outward from the outer peripheral surface of the rotating drum, and the spiral inclination angle gradually decreases from the upper side to the lower side. That is, the spiral pitch of the rotating blades (the distance between the rotating blades that overlap each other) gradually decreases from the upper side to the lower side. Then, the rotating shaft is installed vertically with the top of the rotating drum facing upward, and then water is dropped from above and rotated by receiving the flowing water pressure.

  In the present invention, the rotational axis of the spiral water turbine is set vertically and the rotary blades are installed so as to overlap vertically, and the water is dropped from above, so that the installation area of the spiral water turbine or the water turbine device using the spiral water turbine is reduced. Can be made significantly smaller than before.

  In this case, the flowing water velocity which collides with the spiral water turbine and flows along the rotary blades has a characteristic that it becomes slower toward the lower side of the spiral turbine. At this time, when the flowing water speed becomes slow, a turbulent flow is generated as the water flow cross section increases, and the loss of kinetic energy increases due to the viscous friction of water. Therefore, in order to obtain the rotational force of the spiral turbine by receiving the flowing water pressure, it is necessary to increase the flowing water cross section (the diameter of the trajectory through which water flows) as the flowing water speed decreases. For example, if the running speed is 1/4, a running water cross section four times as large is required. Therefore, in the present invention, since the rotating drum is conical and the rotating blades are provided on the outer peripheral surface thereof, the entire outer shape of the spiral water turbine including the rotating blades is an umbrella shape. Thereby, a flowing water cross section becomes large so that it goes below, and a rotational force can be obtained without waste in the whole rotary blade.

  In addition, as the flowing speed decreases as it goes downward, the moving speed of the water wheel spiral surface in the direction of the rotation axis also needs to be decreased as it goes downward. The reason is as described above. Therefore, in the present invention, the angle of inclination of the rotary blade is made steep at the upper side, and gradually becomes gentler as it goes downward, and the helical pitch is made smaller toward the lower side. As a result, the moving speed of the water turbine spiral surface in the rotation axis direction is fast at the upper part of the spiral water turbine, but the moving speed of the water wheel spiral surface in the rotation axis direction becomes slower as it goes downward, and at any position of the spiral water turbine from the top to the bottom. The flowing water speed is faster than the moving speed of the water wheel spiral surface in the direction of the rotation axis, and the rotational force can be obtained without waste from the flowing water pressure in the entire rotating blade.

  With the above configuration, the water that has collided with the spiral water turbine basically flows smoothly on the rotating blades, so that even with only the rotating blades extending radially outward from the rotating drum, sufficient rotational force can be obtained. Can be obtained. However, with only the rotating blades, water may be scattered outside the spiral turbine. This causes energy loss. Therefore, if a guide wall standing from the outer edge is provided in addition to the rotating blades, the amount of scattered water can be greatly reduced, and energy loss can be reduced. In addition, since the guide wall also receives flowing water pressure, a rotational force can be obtained also in the guide wall.

  If a plurality of the rotating blades are provided in parallel, the rotational force obtained can be improved. In addition, when the water is divided into a plurality of blades and flows in, the inflow amount per sheet is reduced, so that the water turbine volume can be reduced with respect to the flow rate.

  According to the umbrella-type spiral water turbine of the present invention, the rotational force can be efficiently obtained from the flowing water in the entire rotary blade while being installed in the vertical direction to reduce the installation area.

1 is a perspective view of Embodiment 1. FIG. 1 is a plan view of Embodiment 1. FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of Embodiment 1. FIG. It is sectional drawing of the hydroelectric power generator using an umbrella type spiral water turbine. 6 is a perspective view of Embodiment 2. FIG. 10 is a plan view of Embodiment 2. FIG. 10 is a side view of Embodiment 3. FIG. It is a perspective view of Embodiment 4.

(Embodiment 1)
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the spiral turbine 10 according to the first embodiment includes a rotating drum 11 serving as a rotating base, and rotating blades 12 spirally provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating drum 11. It has become an umbrella type that spreads out. The rotating drum 11 has a conical shape, and the top portion is pointed in order to efficiently divide water colliding from above into each rotating blade 12. A connecting rod or the like that is connected to a hydroelectric generator or the like is connected to the lower surface of the rotating drum 11.

  A plurality of rotating blades 12 (six in this embodiment) are provided in parallel from the top to the lower end of the rotating drum 11. Since the rotary blade 12 starts from the top of the rotary drum 11, a rotational force can be obtained immediately after water collides with the spiral turbine 10. Moreover, the rotational force obtained with respect to unit water quantity becomes large because the rotating blade 12 is arranged in multiple numbers. The outward projecting dimension of the rotary blade 12 is substantially the same from the upper start end to the lower end.

  Further, the rotary blade 12 is provided from the outer peripheral surface of the rotary drum 11 outward in the radial direction. In the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the rotating blade 12 extends horizontally outward from the outer peripheral surface of the rotating drum 11 and is provided at a right angle to the rotating shaft. . If the rotating blade 12 is provided at an acute angle (slightly upward) with respect to the rotating shaft, the water flows toward the rotating shaft (inside) when the water flows on the rotating blade 12, so that the kinetic energy is reduced. Loss occurs. On the other hand, when the rotating blade 12 is provided at an obtuse angle (slightly downward) with respect to the rotation axis, water flows outward when the water flows on the rotating blade 12, so that kinetic energy is lost. Occurs. On the other hand, if the rotary blade 12 is provided at right angles to the rotation axis, the loss of kinetic energy as described above is unlikely to occur. The rotary blade 12 always extends outward with respect to the tangential direction of the rotary drum 11.

  Further, the rotation angle of the rotary blade 12 gradually decreases from the upper part to the lower part of the spiral water turbine 10. That is, the rotary blade 12 has a helical pitch that gradually decreases from the upper start end to the lower end. In the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the inclination angle at the upper portion Pu of the spiral turbine 10 is a steep angle (about 80 ° in the present embodiment), and the inclination at the intermediate portion Pm of the spiral turbine 10 is set. The angle is a little gentler than the upper Pu (about 60 ° in the present embodiment), and the inclination angle at the lower Pr of the spiral turbine 10 is the most gradual (about 45 ° in the present embodiment), and is gentle in three stages. It has become. In the first embodiment, the rotating blade 12 is formed by connecting a plurality of short pieces.

  The spiral water turbine 10 is installed such that the rotation axis is in the vertical direction, and the water may be freely dropped from above the spiral water turbine 10. The spiral water turbine 10 having such a configuration can be typically applied to a hydroelectric power generation apparatus. An example of a hydroelectric power generation apparatus using the spiral water turbine 10 is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, the hydroelectric power generation apparatus 100 includes a casing 101 in which a spiral water turbine 10 installed in a vertical orientation is housed, a free fall portion 102 that continues upward from the casing 101, and a free fall portion 102. And a water tank 103 provided above. A spiral turbine 10 is rotatably provided in the casing 101, and a generator 105 is provided below the spiral turbine 10. Reference numeral 106 denotes a water drain pipe used for hydroelectric power generation. Water for use in hydroelectric power generation is stored in the water tank 103, and the water falls freely in the free fall part 102. Reference numeral 107 is a water supply pipe for supplying water to the water tank 103. Note that a rectifier 108 having honeycomb-shaped pores is provided immediately below the drainage port of the water tank 103. This prevents water from diffusing outward when it falls freely. Further, the drain port of the water tank 103 and the center of the rectifier 108 and the rotating shaft of the spiral water turbine 10 are coaxial, and the free-falling water is designed to collide with the top of the rotating drum 11 of the spiral water wheel 10 as the center. .

  According to this hydroelectric power generation device 100, the water W used for hydropower generation supplied through the water supply pipe 107 is temporarily stored in the water tank 103, whereby the fluctuation of the water pressure at the drain outlet is adjusted. The diameter and flow velocity of water flowing into the spiral water turbine 10 can be adjusted by the amount of water stored in the water tank 103, the pore diameter of the rectifier 108, and the like. The water W that has fallen freely via the rectifier 108 has been rectified, and thus falls into one clean column without diffusing outward, and to the top of the spiral water turbine 10 installed vertically. collide. At this time, as the free-falling water W moves downward (the falling distance increases), the falling speed increases, so the diameter of the water column gradually decreases. In addition, in order to eliminate the loss of water (potential energy), it is preferable that the outer dimension (outer diameter) of the starting end of the rotary blade 12 be larger than the diameter of the free-falling water column.

  The water W that has collided with the spiral turbine 10 is diverted to the rotary blades 12 at the top immediately after the collision, and the rotary turbine 12 receives the flowing water pressure as shown in FIG. Rotate in the opposite direction. At this time, after each rotating blade 12 is provided from the top to the lower end of the rotating drum 11, the spiral water turbine 10 has an umbrella-shaped configuration, and the inclination angle of each rotating blade 12 gradually increases from the top to the bottom. As a result, the rotational force can be efficiently obtained in the entire spiral turbine 10 with less energy loss. The water W that has passed through each rotary blade 12 is drained from the drain pipe 106.

(Embodiment 2)
In the first embodiment, only the rotary blade 12 extending outward is provided on the rotary drum 11. However, as in the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the rotary blade 12 is erected upward at the outer edge. A guide wall 13 can also be provided. According to this, water flowing on the rotary blade 12 by the guide wall 13 can be prevented from splashing outward, and energy loss can be reduced. Moreover, since the flowing water pressure also acts on the guide wall 13, a rotational force can be obtained also on the guide wall 13, and the rotational force per unit water volume is further improved. Therefore, in the second embodiment, the rotary blade 12 can be provided not only at a right angle to the rotation axis as in the first embodiment but also at an obtuse angle (slightly downward) with respect to the rotation axis. The other parts are the same as those in the first embodiment, and the same members are denoted by the same reference numerals and the description thereof is omitted.

(Embodiment 3)
In the first embodiment, six rotating blades 12 are arranged side by side, but the number of rotating blades 12 arranged in parallel is not limited to six, and can be appropriately designed in the range of about two to eight. Alternatively, only one rotary blade 22 may be provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotary drum 21 as in the spiral turbine 20 of the third embodiment shown in FIG. Further, the inclination angle of the spiral of the rotary blade 22 is not limited to the angle as in the first embodiment. For example, in the third embodiment, the inclination angle of the rotary blade 22 in the upper portion Pu of the spiral turbine 20 is about 85 °, the intermediate portion Pm is about 45 °, and the lower portion Pr is about 30 °. In addition, since the basic configuration in the third embodiment and the operational effects based on this are the same as those in the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.

(Embodiment 4)
Note that the spiral water turbine 20 of the third embodiment can also be provided with a guide wall 23 that stands up on the outer edge of the rotary blade 22 as in the fourth embodiment shown in FIG.

(Other variations)
As mentioned above, although typical embodiment of this invention was described, it is not restricted to these, A various deformation | transformation is possible further in the range which does not deviate from the summary of this invention. For example, if the inclination angle (spiral pitch) of the rotary blade is gradually gentle from the upper start end to the lower end, the inclination angle is changed in three steps as in the first to fourth embodiments, and the two steps. It can be changed in 4 steps or more. Alternatively, the tilt angle of the series of rotating blades can be changed in a streamline manner without providing a clear change point of the tilt angle.

  The inside of the rotating drum may be solid or hollow. If it is made into a hollow cone shape, it can also be used effectively such as accommodating a generator in the internal space. The rotating blades do not necessarily have to be disposed entirely from the top to the lower end of the rotating drum, and the rotating blades can be provided from a position separated from the top and / or the lower end by a predetermined amount. Further, the top of the rotating drum does not always need to be pointed, and can be a truncated cone having a flat top.

10/20 Spiral turbine 11/21 Rotating drum 12/22 Rotating blade 13/23 Guide wall 100 Hydroelectric generator 103 Water tank 108 Rectifier W Water

Claims (2)

A rotating drum and a rotating blade provided spirally on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating drum;
The rotating drum is conical;
The rotating blades are provided radially outward from the outer peripheral surface of the rotating drum, and the spiral inclination angle gradually decreases from the upper side to the lower side,
On the outer edge of the rotating blade, a guide wall is provided to stand upward,
An umbrella-type spiral turbine in which a rotating shaft is installed vertically with the top of the rotating drum facing upward, and rotates by receiving flowing water pressure falling from above. The umbrella-type spiral water turbine according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the rotating blades are arranged side by side.

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