JP2014118831A - Water turbine device, and water turbine generator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a water turbine device and a water turbine generator that are small in size and capable of power generation with high efficiency.SOLUTION: A generator 500 is driven by a water turbine device 200. A side wall part 310 of a case 300 of the water turbine device 200 has a truncated cone shape that decreases in size toward a water discharging side and includes an impeller 400 disposed inside. The case 300 includes a water supply pipe 330 at the side wall part 310, for supplying water to the impeller 400 from a tangential direction of trajectory of the impeller 400, and a water discharge pipe 340 at a small diameter side, for discharging water along axis of the impeller 400. The impeller 400 includes tweleve blades 420 around an axial member 410 having a truncated cone shape, the distances of from a rotation shaft decreasing toward the water discharge pipe side, the peripheral edges having a trajectory of a truncated cone shape adjacent to an inner wall of the water discharge side wall part 310. The blades 420 are inclined against the rotation shaft at 45 degrees and against a radial direction from the rotation shaft at 45 degrees.

Description

  The present invention relates to a water turbine apparatus and a hydroelectric power generation apparatus that generates power using the water turbine apparatus.

  In recent years, the spread of renewable energy has been demanded, and interest in small hydropower generation (microhydropower generation) has increased. In small hydropower generation, power generation can be performed using various water streams such as rainwater at home, water supply, toilet flush water, in addition to small and medium rivers and irrigation canals.

  In addition, small hydropower generation can be installed where there is a water source, so it can also be used for energy recovery. Specifically, pipes are installed in factories, high-rise buildings, hospitals, etc. for air conditioning, irrigation water, and drainage, and the water and cold / hot water circulate at a level difference from high to low, such as underground. doing. Energy can be recovered as electric power by rotating the impeller with the water flow at the time of falling to generate power.

  In such small hydropower generation, a water turbine device is rotated by a water flow, and a generator is driven by the water turbine device to obtain electric power. Such a hydroelectric generator is required to be able to generate power efficiently even with a small water flow, and further high efficiency and downsizing are required.

As a hydroelectric generator that can be used for small hydropower generation, Patent Document 1 discloses a cylindrical portion provided below the upper disc, a casing having a conical skirt portion that extends below the cylindrical portion, and The thing comprised by the impeller provided with the several blade | wing part arrange | positioned rotatably in a casing is disclosed.
See JP 2012-31767 A

  However, the conventional water turbine apparatus and hydroelectric power generation apparatus have a problem that they do not necessarily have sufficient efficiency and are not sufficiently small.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to provide a water turbine apparatus and a hydroelectric power generation apparatus that are small in size and capable of generating power with high efficiency.

  The invention according to claim 1, which solves the above-described problem, includes an axial member and an impeller including a plurality of blades arranged radially from the axial member, and is formed coaxially with the axial member. A case that is arranged rotatably and allows a fluid from outside to flow into the blade from one end side, and a case for flowing out the fluid that has rotated the impeller from the other end side, and the blade includes The outer edge line is directed from the one end side to the other end side so that the distance from the rotation shaft of the shaft member is reduced, and the rotation shaft is inclined at a first angle with respect to the rotation shaft, and the rotation shaft The case is attached to the shaft member at a second angle with respect to the radial direction from the side, and the case has a side wall part that forms a frustoconical side surface disposed around the impeller, Seal the bottom of the large diameter side And a support plate that supports the rotating shaft, a liquid supply pipe that is disposed along a plane perpendicular to the rotating shaft and that discharges the fluid to the blade along a tangent to the rotation locus of the impeller, and a small diameter of the side wall portion It is a water turbine apparatus provided with the drainage pipe which is arrange | positioned at a part and discharges | emits the said fluid along the axial direction of the said impeller.

  Similarly, the invention according to claim 2 is the watermill device according to claim 1, wherein the blade has an attachment angle of 45 ° with respect to the axis of the shaft member, and attachment of 45 ° with respect to the radial direction. It is characterized by making a corner.

  Similarly, the invention according to claim 3 is the water turbine apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the shaft member has a truncated cone shape, the blade is a quadrilateral plate-like member, and an outer edge thereof. Is located on the inner surface of the side wall of the case.

  Similarly, the invention according to claim 4 is a hydraulic power generation device comprising: the water turbine device according to any one of claims 1 to 3; and a generator driven by the water wheel device. is there.

  Similarly, the invention according to claim 5 is the hydraulic power generation apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising a speed reduction mechanism between the turbine apparatus and the generator.

  Similarly, the invention according to claim 6 is the hydraulic power generation device according to claim 5, further comprising a plate-like member that is arranged in parallel with being separated from the end plate by a predetermined distance, and to which the generator is attached, The speed reduction mechanism is disposed between the plate-like members.

  Similarly, the invention according to claim 7 is the hydraulic power generation apparatus according to any one of claims 5 to 6, wherein the speed reduction mechanism includes two pulleys respectively provided in the generator and the turbine, It is characterized by comprising a toothed belt stretched around two pulleys.

  Similarly, the invention described in claim 8 is characterized in that, in the hydroelectric generator according to any one of claims 4 to 7, the generator is a DC generator.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, a water turbine apparatus and a hydroelectric generator can be obtained from a small-scale water stream with high efficiency, and can be reduced in size.

It is side explanatory drawing which shows the hydraulic power unit which concerns on embodiment. It is plane explanatory drawing which shows the arrangement | positioning state of each apparatus of the hydraulic power unit. It is sectional drawing which shows the case of the water turbine apparatus. It is sectional drawing which shows the shaft member of the impeller of the water turbine apparatus. It is a perspective view which shows the braid | blade of the water turbine apparatus. The blade of the water turbine apparatus is shown, (a) is a plan view, (b) is a side view.

  Hereinafter, a water turbine apparatus and a hydroelectric power generation apparatus according to embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is an explanatory side view showing a hydroelectric generator according to the embodiment, and FIG. 2 is an explanatory plan view showing an arrangement state of each device of the hydroelectric generator.

  The hydroelectric power generation device 100 according to the embodiment includes a water turbine device 200 that rotates by receiving water that is a fluid, and a generator 500. The water turbine device 200 and the generator 500 are connected via a speed reduction mechanism 600. In the hydroelectric generator 100 according to the embodiment, the generator 500 is fixed to a circular mounting plate 710, and the water turbine device 200 and the mounting plate 710 are fixed by long bolts 721 and a sheath tube 722. The speed reduction mechanism 600 is disposed between the water turbine device 200 and the mounting plate 710. As a result, the water turbine device 200, the generator 500, and the speed reduction mechanism 600 are integrally combined.

  In this embodiment, water is described as an example of fluid, but the fluid may be other than water, and the fluid is not limited to liquid but may be gas.

  The watermill device 200 includes a case 300 and an impeller 400 that is rotatably disposed in the case 300. First, the case 300 will be described. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a case of the water turbine apparatus according to the embodiment. The case 300 includes a side wall portion 310 that forms the side surface of the truncated cone. The side wall portion 310 includes a large-diameter side opening 311 and a small-diameter side opening 312. The case 300 includes a disc-shaped end plate 320 that covers the large-diameter side opening 311 of the side wall 310, a water supply pipe 330 that is a liquid supply pipe disposed on the large-diameter side of the side wall 310, And a drain pipe 340 that is a drain pipe extending to the opening 312 on the small diameter side. The drain pipe 340 is formed integrally with the side wall portion 310.

  The end plate 320 is provided with a hole 350 for attaching a bearing 750 for holding the impeller 400 at the center thereof. Further, the side wall portion 310 and the end plate 320 are fixed by a metal ring 730. The metal ring 730 presses the side wall portion 310 against the end plate 320 by using the bolt 721 and the sheath tube 722 described above. Further, a watertight packing member 740 is disposed between the side wall portion 310 and the end plate 320.

  Since the water supply pipe 330 supplies flowing water from the tangential direction of the rotation locus of the impeller 400 that rotates inside, the axis OI of the water supply pipe 330 is arranged at a twisted position with respect to the rotation axis O of the impeller 400 (see FIG. 1, see FIG. In the embodiment, each part of the case 300 can be made of synthetic resin, metal, or the like.

  Next, the impeller 400 will be described. First, the shaft member 410 will be described. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a shaft member of an impeller of the water turbine device according to the embodiment. The shaft member 410 includes a truncated cone-shaped base portion 411 and a skirt portion 412 extending from the large diameter portion of the base portion 411. As for the shaft member 410, the base part 411 and the skirt part 412 are integrally formed, for example with a synthetic resin. The blade 420 is formed on the side surface of the shaft member 410 formed integrally with the base portion 411 and the skirt portion 412. Further, the shaft 430 is fixed to the large-diameter side end surface of the base portion 411. The shaft 430 is attached to a bearing 750, and a large-diameter pulley 610, which will be described later, constituting the speed reduction mechanism 600 is attached.

  Next, the blade 420 of the impeller 400 will be described. FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the blade of the water turbine device, FIG. 6 shows the blade of the water wheel device, (a) is a plan view, and (b) is a side view. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, twelve blades 420 are arranged radially from the shaft member 410. When the blades 420 are rotated, the trajectory of the outer edge of each blade 420 forms the side surface of the truncated cone 440 (see FIGS. 5 and 6), and the trajectory of the blade 420 efficiently captures the water flow with the blades. It is desirable to be close to the inner surface of the side wall portion 310 of the case 300.

  Next, the shape of the blade 420 will be described. 5 and 6 show only one blade. Further, the shaft member 410 draws only its outline and does not represent the thickness of the blade 420. The blade 420 is a substantially quadrilateral plate member surrounded by a, b, c, and d in the drawing, which is disposed from the small diameter portion 421 (center O1) to the large diameter portion 422 (center O2) of the shaft member 410. The locus when the blade 420 rotates occupies a region between the base 411 and the truncated cone 440 located outside the base 411. Further, the impeller 400 according to the embodiment bends the blade 420 to effectively supplement the water flow. In addition, the dimension in the width direction of the blade 420 and the degree of curvature can be appropriately changed depending on conditions such as the amount of water and pressure.

  And as shown in FIG. 5, the blade 420 makes 45 degrees as inclination-angle (theta) with respect to axis line O1-O2. That is, a projection line O1A on a surface BCDE (a surface including the axis O1-O2 and perpendicular to the radius O1a) of a line ab connecting the starting point a on the small diameter portion 421 side and the starting point b on the large diameter portion 422 side of the blade 420. In such a manner that the inclination angle θ with respect to the axis O1-O2 is 45 ° (see FIG. 5).

  Further, the blade 420 has an inclination angle φ (an angle formed by the line segment ab and the line segment cd with R1 and R2) of 45 ° with respect to the radial direction (R1 and R2 in the drawing). Note that the values of these inclination angles θ and φ can be appropriately selected depending on conditions such as the amount of water and pressure.

  In the watermill device 200 having such a configuration, water from the water supply pipe 330 passes through the impeller 400 while being squeezed by the side wall portion 310, and the passing water is effectively captured by the blade 420 and impeller 400. Rotate with high efficiency. For this reason, the impeller 400 can be efficiently rotated even with a small amount of water with a small pressure.

  Next, the generator 500 will be described. As the generator 500 used in the embodiment, a DC motor driven by 12 volts is used. And in order to rotate this generator 500 by appropriate rotation speed, the speed reduction mechanism 600 is arrange | positioned between the water turbine apparatus 200 and the generator 500. FIG. The speed reduction mechanism 600 includes two large and small pulleys 610 and 620 and a toothed belt 630 that spans the pulleys 610 and 620. Note that another mechanism such as a gear device can be used as the speed reduction mechanism.

  A large-diameter pulley 610 was attached to the shaft 430 of the shaft member 410, and a small-diameter pulley 620 was attached to the shaft 510 of the generator 500. The reduction ratio of the speed reduction mechanism 600 is determined by the rotation speed of the water turbine device 200 and the specifications of the generator 500. In addition, as a generator, other generators, such as an alternating current generator, can be used suitably.

<Example>
The following was made as the hydroelectric power generation apparatus 100 and experimented. The side wall portion 310, the end plate 320, the water supply pipe 330, and the drain pipe 340 of the case 300 are made of acrylic resin having a thickness of 5 mm. Further, the diameter of the end plate 320 of the case 300 was about 190 mm, the inner diameter of the water supply pipe 330 was 30 mm, the inner diameter of the drain pipe 340 was 77 mm, and the axial dimension of the case 300 was about 120 mm.

  The blade 420 of the impeller 400 is formed so that the width dimension between the short sides ab is about 20 mm, the linear dimension of the long side bd is about 100 mm, and the thickness is about 10 mm.

  As a generator, a DC motor with a brush (Sawamura Electric Co., Ltd., SS32G: output 14 W, 12 V, 2500 RPM) was used. The reduction ratio of the speed reduction mechanism 600 is set to 1/5. When power generation was performed with water using the hydroelectric power generation apparatus 100 according to the example, good results were obtained.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to embodiment mentioned above and an Example, The material of a case and an impeller, a magnitude | size, and a shape can be changed suitably. In addition to the DC generator described above, the generator can use other generators such as an AC generator.

  As described above, the hydraulic power generation apparatus 100 according to the embodiment can be reduced in size and can generate power with high efficiency by a small-scale water flow. For this reason, it can arrange | position in a waterworks, a sewer, an agricultural waterway, and other waterways, and can obtain an electrical energy. Moreover, the hydroelectric power generation apparatus 100 can be installed in a plurality of stages, and in this case, larger electric energy can be obtained.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100: Hydroelectric power generation apparatus 200: Turbine device 300: Case 310: Side wall part 311: Opening 312: Opening 320: End plate 330: Water supply pipe 340: Drain pipe 350: Hole part 400: Impeller 410: Shaft member 411: Base part 412: Skirt portion 420: blade 430: shaft 440: truncated cone 500: generator 510: shaft 600: reduction mechanism 610, 620: pulley 630: toothed belt 710: mounting plate 721: bolt 722: sheath tube 730: metal ring 740: Packing member 750: bearing

Claims (8)

An impeller comprising a shaft member and a plurality of blades arranged radially from the shaft member;
The impeller is formed coaxially with the shaft member, the impeller is rotatably disposed therein, and fluid from the outside is flowed from one end side toward the blade, and the impeller is rotated from the other end side. A case for allowing fluid to flow to the outside, and
The blade has a shape in which an outer edge line is directed from the one end side to the other end side so that a distance from the rotation shaft of the shaft member is reduced, and the blade is inclined at a first angle with respect to the rotation shaft; Attached to the shaft member at a second angle with respect to the radial direction from the rotating shaft;
The case includes a side wall portion that forms a frustoconical side surface disposed around the impeller, a large-diameter-side bottom portion of the side wall portion, and a mirror plate that supports the rotation shaft, along a plane perpendicular to the rotation shaft. Arranged along the tangent line of the rotation path of the impeller and the fluid supply pipe that discharges the fluid to the blade, and the small diameter portion of the side wall, and discharges the fluid along the axial direction of the impeller Equipped with a drain pipe
A watermill device characterized by that.   2. The watermill device according to claim 1, wherein the blade has an attachment angle of 45 ° with respect to an axis of the shaft member and an attachment angle of 45 ° with respect to the radial direction.   3. The shaft member according to claim 1, wherein the shaft member has a truncated cone shape, the blade is a quadrilateral plate-like member, and a locus of an outer edge thereof is located on an inner surface of the side wall portion of the case. The watermill device described in 1.   A hydraulic power generation apparatus comprising: the water turbine apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3; and a generator driven by the water turbine apparatus.   The hydroelectric generator according to claim 4, further comprising a speed reduction mechanism between the water turbine device and the generator.   2. A plate-like member that is arranged in parallel with a predetermined distance from the end plate, and is provided with a plate-like member to which the generator is attached, and the speed reduction mechanism is arranged between the end plate and the plate-like member. 5. The hydroelectric power generator according to 5.   The said reduction mechanism is comprised with two pulleys each provided in the generator and the water turbine, and the toothed belt hung over the said two pulleys, The any one of Claims 5-6 characterized by the above-mentioned. The hydroelectric power generator described in 1.   The hydroelectric generator according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein the generator is a DC generator.