WO2021215901A1

WO2021215901A1 - Hydraulic power station

Info

Publication number: WO2021215901A1
Application number: PCT/KZ2020/000031
Authority: WO
Inventors: Виктор Степанович Лысенко
Original assignee: Товарищество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Water Energy"
Priority date: 2020-04-22
Filing date: 2020-12-21
Publication date: 2021-10-28

Abstract

The invention relates to hydraulic power engineering and can be used for converting the energy of a pressurized flow of water into electrical or other energy. A hydraulic power system consists of: housings; an injector; a conical axial turbine rigidly mounted to a power take-off shaft and having a plurality of helical blades that form through-channels; a drainage pipe; a pressurized water supply conduit and a water discharge conduit. The system is provided with one or a number of devices for accelerating a pressurized flow of water, which are in the form of through-flanges or bushings having peripheral passages and a tapered bevel edge of a through-passage and/or are in the form of a flange or bushing with a salient member of a flow divider formed by a bevel edge of a peripheral bore that transitions into peripheral passages and by a bevel edge of a central through-passage, along which water is guided toward the centre of the flow, said devices being mounted in the pressurized water supply conduit and/or upstream of the injector. The system is further provided with a guiding cone of the turbine, and the blades are configured so that the taper angle of the inside edge of a blade is greater than the taper angle of the outside edge of the blade.

Description

Hydraulic power station

The invention relates to hydropower and can be used to convert the energy of a pressure flow of water into electrical or other energy.

Known designs of hydraulic power plants (Turbine equipment for small-scale power generation: Industry catalog. M.: 2001, - p. 51), which have a housing, underwater pressure and outlet conduits and a turbine installed on bearing supports with peripheral blades, the water supply to which is carried out from the pressure conduit through the guide vanes or confusers (injectors).

The disadvantage of these turbines is that when the water flow interacts with the turbine blades, intense cavitation occurs, which has a destructive effect on the material of the blades and negatively affects the structure of the water. In addition, head losses in the supply water supply and confuser significantly reduce their productivity.

Known vortex hydraulic turbine (Innovative patent RK N ° 23032, publ. 15.10.2010), which is made in the form of a cone with spiral blades and liners, passing at the base into the blades. Spiral blades and inserts are made separately, installed in pairs in a certain number and fixed to the turbine housing using faceplates.

The disadvantage of this hydraulic turbine is that turbulent water flows occur in the vortex chamber, which leads to losses of flow energy and, accordingly, the performance of the hydraulic turbine decreases.

The closest analogue, that is, the prototype of the invention is a vortex hydraulic turbine (Innovative patent of the Republic of Kazakhstan N ° 21232, published 15.05.2009, bulletin N ° 5), consisting of a body, a vortex chamber of a cylindrical or conical shape, a swirler (injector), a drain tanks, supply pressure and outlet water pipelines, conical axial turbine with several spiral blades in the form of a corkscrew turning into blades.

The disadvantage of the prototype is also the hydraulic head loss in the supply pressure water supply and in the injector (confuser), which lead to a decrease in productivity.

The objective of the invention is to increase the productivity of the hydraulic station by reducing hydraulic losses in the pressure water supply, in the injector and accelerating the flow of water in the working bodies of the turbine. The task is achieved by the fact that the hydraulic power plant, consisting of casings, an injector, rigidly mounted on the power take-off shaft of a conical axial turbine with several spiral blades forming through channels, a drain pipe, supplying pressure and outlet water pipelines, is equipped with one or more devices for accelerating the pressure head. flow of water in the form of through flanges or bushings with peripheral holes and a tapered chamfer of the through hole and / or in the form of a flange or sleeve with a protrusion of the flow divider, which is formed by a chamfer of the peripheral groove passing into the peripheral holes and the chamfer of the central through hole, along which water is directed to the center of the flow, which are installed in the pressure water pipe and / or in front of the injector and are also equipped with a turbine guide cone, and the turbine spiral blades are made in such a way that the cone angle of the inner edge of the blade is greater than the cone angle of the outer edge of the blade and thus provides The narrowing of the passage slots between the blades from the entrance to the cone turbine to the exit of water from it is observed. In this case, the peripheral holes are made in the form of cylindrical, conical or threaded holes or Laval nozzles, and the axes of these holes are located at an angle to the generatrices of the pressure water line or the injector cone.

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a hydraulic power plant; figure 2 is an embodiment of a device for accelerating the flow of water; Fig.Z is a section A-A of Fig. 2 of a device for accelerating the flow of water.

The hydraulic power station (Fig. 1) consists of a housing 1, a housing 2, a bearing support 3, a power take-off shaft 4, a cone turbine 5, an injector 6, a pressure water supply pipe 7, a pipe 8 for water discharge, a device 9 for accelerating the flow of water.

The cone turbine 5 is rigidly mounted coaxially on the shaft 4 and is equipped with cone-helical blades 10 and liners 11, which are fixed to the turbine 5 by means of a cone 12. The cone-helical blades 10 are made in such a way that the cone angle of the inner edge of the blade is greater than the cone angle of the outer edge blades. This achieves a gradual narrowing of the passages that are formed between the blades, and thus the acceleration of the water in these passages.

The device 9 for accelerating the flow of water is made in the form of a flange with peripheral holes 13 and a tapered chamfer 14 of the passage hole 15. or in the form of a sleeve 22.

Also, the device for accelerating the flow of water can be made in the form of a flange or sleeve 16 with a protrusion 17 of the flow divider, which is formed by a bevel of the peripheral conical groove 18 passing into the peripheral holes 19 and the chamfer 20 of the central passage hole 21, along which the water is directed to the center of the flow.

The device for accelerating the flow can be made in the form of a sleeve 22, which can be rigidly fixed on the inner surface of the water pipe 7 or injector 6 at the pipe joints or by known methods at intermediate distances along the length of the pipe or injector.

Variants of devices for accelerating the flow of water can be used separately (figure 1) or together (figure 2). In the case of joint use of these devices (Fig. 2), the protrusion 17 of the flow divider is located along the axis of the holes 13.

Holes 13 and 19 are made conical or threaded (not shown in the figures) or in the form of Laval nozzles (Fig. 1), and the axes of these holes 13 and 19 are located at an angle (Xk forming a pressure water pipe or an injector cone. the diameter of the pressure water pipe or the angle of the injector taper and can be in the range of 10-40 degrees.

Hydraulic power station (figure 1) works as follows.

Water from the water intake device (not shown) enters the supply pressure water supply line 7, in which, due to the friction of the water against the walls of the water supply system and turbulent flows, hydraulic resistance occurs and there is a loss of pressure and a decrease in the flow rate. The use of the proposed devices for accelerating the flow 9, 16 and 22 makes it possible to achieve a decrease in hydraulic resistance and acceleration of the water flow due to the fact that when wall water flows, falling into holes 13 or 19, direct water jets along the walls of the water supply system or injector along helical lines. This leads to significant reductions in hydraulic resistance against the pipe wall. In addition, the tapered chamfers 14 of the orifice 15 provide a velocity gradient towards the center of the flow. As a result, with a slight deceleration of the water flow near the walls of the pipe 7 and injector 6, the central flow of water is accelerated, the hydraulic pressure losses are reduced, and the throughput of the pipe and the injector increases.

Further, water passing through the cavity of the injector 6 in the area of the cone 12 is also accelerated due to the narrowing of this cavity and enters the passage slots between the turbine blades. Due to the adhesion of water to the surface of the blades, the turbine unwinds. Moving along the passage slots between the blades from the entrance along a tapered helical trajectory, the water flow receives an additional impulse due to the centrifugal forces of inertia and an increase in speed due to the narrowing of the passage channels between the blades from the entrance to the conical the turbine before the water leaves it. When water leaves the passage slots, due to the reactive effect, an additional impulse of forces arises on the turbine.

As a result, the available power of the pressure flow of water increases and, accordingly, the power on the shaft of the cone hydraulic turbine increases and its productivity increases.

The mechanical rotation of the hydraulic turbine is transmitted by mechanical means to a current generator (not shown), which generates electrical power corresponding to the pressure and water flow rate.

Claims

Claim

1. Hydraulic power plant, consisting of casings, an injector, rigidly mounted on the power take-off shaft of a conical axial turbine with several spiral blades forming passage channels, a drain pipe, a supply pressure and outlet water pipelines, characterized in that it is equipped with one or more acceleration devices pressure flow of water in the form of through flanges or bushings with peripheral holes and a tapered chamfer of the through hole and / or in the form of a flange or sleeve with a projection of the flow divider, which is formed by the chamfer of the peripheral groove passing into the peripheral holes and the chamfer of the central through hole, along which water is directed to the center of the flow, which are installed in the pressure water pipe and / or in front of the injector and are also equipped with a turbine guide cone, and the turbine spiral blades are made in such a way that the cone angle of the inner edge of the blade is greater than the cone angle of the outer edge of the blade and thus provides a narrowed no passage slots between the blades from the entrance to the cone turbine to the exit of water from it.

2. Hydraulic power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the peripheral holes of the devices for accelerating the water flow are made in the form of cylindrical, conical or threaded holes or Laval nozzles, and the axes of these holes are located at an angle to the generatrix of the pressure water supply line or the injector cone.