RU2623611C2 - Vortex hydropulsor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine engineering.

SUBSTANCE: hydropulsor contains a supply 1, a guiding device 3 with blades forming the centripetal discharge channels 8 and placed above them vanes forming the centripetal pressure channels 5, an impeller 10 with blades forming the centripetal discharge and pressure channels 13 and 16 of the hydro turbine wheel stage, and with the radial blades located above the centripetal pressure channels 16 of the impeller 10 by the centrifugal discharge stage of the wheel. The outlet of the discharge channels 13 is made into a suction pipe 33. Above the centripetal pressure channels 16 of the impeller 10, a tapered cone 17 tapering along the flow direction is established, on the side surface of which there are spiral variable steps, centripetal channels 18 in which spiral flow swirlers 19 are arranged. The exit of the spiral centripetal channels 18 is made in the diffuser 22.

EFFECT: providing calculated output parameters and the possibility of supply and pressure of the liquid at the output of the hydro-pulser.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of hydraulic engineering in terms of renewable energy sources and can find application in systems and installations of water supply, irrigation, drainage, increasing the pressure at micro and mini hydroelectric power stations, the accumulation of water in ship locks and the lifting of other liquids.

The present invention improves the known designs of hydro-pulsors, which include an inlet, a guiding apparatus, a turbine impeller, a pressure outlet, a discharge pipe, as well as radial and axial bearings on the impeller shaft (see, for example, G. Lorenz and E. Preger “Ram and Gidropulsor "," Edition of the mutual assistance cash desk of students of the Polytechnic Institute of the Emperor Peter the Great. Petrograd 1915 ", as well as hydropulsors according to copyright certificates and patents of the USSR, class 59 pages, 17 No. 24710, No. 65722, No. 18057, No. 79816, RF patents No. 2539242, No. 2539225 and others.).

Also known is the design of a hydropulsor comprising an inlet, a guiding apparatus with vanes forming centripetal drain channels, with vanes placed above these channels forming centripetal pressure channels, and an impeller with vanes forming drain and pressure centripetal channels of the turbine wheel stage, and the outlet of the drain channels made in the diffuser of the suction pipe, and with the radial blades of the centrifugal pressure pump stage of the wheel placed above the pressure channels (with m. patent for invention No. 2457367 dated 07/06/2010).

The indicated design of the hydropulsor can be taken as the base object. The disadvantages of the design of the specified base object are:

1. Unattainability or uncertainty of the desired output parameters of the hydropulsor (supplied pressure and flow), especially with a limited low height of the water column at the inlet of the hydropulsor, because at the same time, the power of two centripetal hydraulic turbine stages of the impeller may not be enough to ensure its reliable operation.

2. The inability to control flows in the centripetal channels of the hydroturbine stages of the impeller of the hydraulic pulser, which accordingly makes it impossible to adjust the output parameters.

The problem to which the invention is directed, provides for the elimination of these disadvantages, i.e. providing estimated output parameters and the ability to control the flow and pressure of the liquid at the outlet of the hydro-pulse

The solution to the problem is achieved due to the fact that in a hydro-pulser containing a supply, a guiding apparatus with blades forming a centripetal drain channel, blades placed above them forming a centripetal pressure channel, and an impeller with blades forming a centripetal drain and pressure channel of the turbine wheel stage, moreover, the outlet of the drain channels is made into a suction pipe, and with radial centrifugal blades placed above the centripetal pressure channels of the impeller pressure step of a wheel:

- above the centripetal pressure channels of the impeller, a truncated cone tapering along the flow is installed, on the lateral surface of which are made spiral centrifugal channels of variable pitch, in which spiral flow swirls are placed, and the output of the spiral centripetal channels is made into a diffuser;

- in the spiral supply in front of the centripetal pressure channels of the guide apparatus, flow guiding cutoffs are installed;

- in the centripetal pressure channels of the guiding apparatus there are spiral flow swirls;

- in the suction pipe of the drain hydraulic turbine stage of the impeller, a sleeve is installed on its shaft with spiral blades located on it with a variable pitch between them along the height of the sleeve.

The specified design of the hydropulsor according to claim 1 of the invention provides the possibility of installing in the same hydropulsor in the centripetal channels of its truncated cone different in thickness of the wire and pitch turns of the swirls in the form of springs, which changes the conditions of the swirl of the stream rotating around the main fluid flow in the channel , changing accordingly its parameters at the channel exit. In addition, it is possible to install truncated cones of the same size in the same hydraulic pulser with centripetal channels made on their conical surfaces of different sizes, shapes and steps in the form of spiral grooves of a variable (increasing along the flow) step, closed from the outside adjacent to main cone with a thin-walled conical shell. The indicated replacement changes the rotation conditions of the main stream in the channel and, accordingly, its output parameters.

In the cases described above, the fluid flow in a centripetal channel with a swirl made on a rotating truncated cone flows similarly to the flow flowing in a pipe swirling around itself (due to the spring swirl pressed against the channel walls, forming coils inside the channel, similar to the coils in a pipe swirling around the longitudinal axis ), which is additionally twisted around the cone with a variable increment in the output step. With the specified organization of the stream, it moves in the form of a double-threaded double spiral (in a form similar to an antelope horn), i.e. The peripheral part of the flow, swirled by a spring swirl, rotates along a centrifugal path around a spiral-shaped main flow passing along a centripetal path in a rotating centripetal channel, providing acceleration of the main flow, since swirling the flow in a vortex causes a part of the heat, which is part of the internal energy of the system, to be converted into kinetic energy of the translational motion of the flow along the axis of the vortex, and under this condition, the velocity vector of the acquired translational motion is perpendicular to the instantaneous tangential velocity vector of the rotational motion of the fluid particles in the flow and does not change values of the latter, which ensures compliance with the law of conservation of angular momentum. And the acceleration of the movement of the main stream, in turn, causes an increase in the forces of liquid suction at the outlet of the stream from the centripetal channels into the expanding diffuser. In this case, the swirl in the channel creates a rotating stream, which due to Coriolis acceleration deviates by 90 degrees in the plane of rotation of the truncated surface of the cone and moves tangentially to its circumference, creating an additional moment of rotation of the cone. And in the diffuser, centrifugal flow movement is already ensured.

In cycloidal motion, centripetal and centrifugal forces of motion work simultaneously, while the moving fluid is sucked up with increasing speed from the inside towards the periphery and the impulse of the suction forces exceeds the pressure of the pressure at the inlet to the channels, which leads to an increase in pressure and flow rate of the hydro-pulse output (see, for example, L. Loitsyansky. Mechanics of liquid and gas. M., Nauka, 1970, pp. 204, 356-360, Pyramishvili S.A. et al. Vortex effect. Izv. RAS, Energetics , 2000, No. 5, pp. 137-147, A. Frolov, Energy Vortex processes, New Energy, 2005, 4 (23), pp. 41-42, Schauberger W. Water Energy, M-Yauza, Eksmo, 2007, pp. 70, 77, 79, 81, 150, Targ S. M. A Short Course in Theoretical Mechanics. M., Higher School, 1995, p. 156, Sorokodum ED Vortex-Vibration Technologies "energy supply and energy saving in agriculture. Tr. 6th International scientific and technical conference. Moscow May 13-14, 2008 VIESH, 2008, pp. 276-282, V.P. Kashcheev and other Energy-efficient vortex equipment. Izv. Universities. Energy, 2013, No. 1 p. 78-87, Materials from Wikipedia “Effect, strength and Coriolis acceleration”, “Central acceleration”, etc.).

The installation of guiding flow shutoffs in a spiral supply in front of the centripetal pressure channels of the guiding apparatus provides a more uniform and smooth entry of fluid flows from the supply into these channels, increasing the hydraulic efficiency hydropulsor.

Placing swirls spiral in the form of centripetal pressure arcuate-channel channels of the guiding apparatus spiral in the form of conical springs ensures the fluid movement also in a double-flow spiral-swirling form, leading to an acceleration of the flow at the inlet to the centripetal pressure channels of the hydraulic turbine stage of the impeller and an increase in the speed and volume of flow through them, which increases the power of the stage.

The installation of a sleeve on the shaft of the hydropulsor in the area of the suction pipe of the drain hydraulic turbine stage of the impeller of the sleeve with spiral blades located on it under constant or evenly decreasing steps (increasing installation angles) ensures twisting of the fluid flowing from the drain channels of the wheel around the axis of rotation. And due to the fact that not only the tangential, but also the axial flow velocity increases in the vortex, and, in addition, in the accelerated water flow, it spontaneously cools with the conversion of part of the thermal energy of the water to kinetic energy of the flow (the heat capacity of water is very high and according to scientists cooling 1 liter of water, about 1 ° C, it can be accelerated in motion by 0.9 m / s), then not only the hydrostatic force of the water column, but also the inertia force of the mass moving with the acceleration of water presses on the spiral blades of the hydroturbine . And taking into account the fact that the kinetic energy of the flow is a quadratic function of its speed, then the pressure, flow rate and efficiency increase. drain hydro-turbine centripetal and axial stages. In addition, with an increase in the flow velocity, the transition of the pressure head to dynamic rarefaction increases, increasing the suction effect of the pipe, and the suction generates a power impulse that exceeds the pressure of the inlet pressure (see, for example, N.M. Shchapov. Turbine equipment of hydroelectric stations. M.-L., Gosenergoizdat, 1961, pp. 92, 156, and L.P. Fominsky, The Beginnings of the Theory of Time-Movement, Ch. 6.4. Rotational Energy. Popular Statement, Cherkasy, 1995).

At the same time, the positive difference between the proposed design of the hydro-pulser and the known designs with the same outer diameter, for example, a guide vane, is the possibility of stepwise regulation and increase of the output flow parameters due to changes in the geometry of the channels on interchangeable cones and swirlers in them. An increase in the pressure of the fluid supplied by the hydro-pulser due to an increase in the power of the hydraulic turbine drainage stage of the hydro-pulser drive is also provided by an increase in the action of the suction pipe with spiral blades located in it on the shaft on the drain flow.

In known designs of hydraulic pulsers, a rotating radial-axial turbine impeller directs the fluid that enters it into the drain and then into the pressure cavity due to the fact that the centripetal channels of the wheel are open alternately down and up. When opening the channels down, the liquid at free discharge to the lower level reaches a certain maximum speed at which the rotating impeller, having turned a certain angle, closes the drain channels and opens upward pressure channels.

Due to the acquired impulse, the liquid rushes through the pressure channels into the discharge line, lifting up the liquid in it. Due to the work of raising and loss of energy, the pressure in the supply drops, the water comes to rest and would flow back from the pressure cavity if at this time due to the rotation of the impeller the pressure head channels were not closed and the drain channels opened.

In the proposed design, in addition to changing the flow either to the drain or to the pressure cavity, the centripetal impeller of the known designs of the hydro-pulsers carries out a swirling movement of fluid in the channels of the hydro-pulser, which accelerates its movement with pulsations of the fluid between the lowest and highest speeds, which creates conditions for more efficient operation hydro-pulser due to amplification of shock waves of low intensity.

Thus, the claimed design of the vortex hydropulsor has technical advantages compared with known designs.

The data confirming the reliability of achieving the solution of this problem of the invention are described in special technical literature (see, for example, Rostovtsev V.N. Disposal of small water drops. Publishing house Devriena A.F. Petrograd, 1916, Konradi F.V. Gidropulsor Tashkent, 1939, SD Chistopolsky, Hydraulic rams, M., Onti, chief editor, Energeticheski Literatury, 1936, Landau, LD, Lifshits, EM Theoretical Physics, vol. 6 Hydrodynamics. M., Science. Fizmat, 1988, p. 460, Zhmud A.E. Water hammer in hydraulic turbine units, Dolinsky A.A. Use of the discrete principle of o-pulse energy input to create effective energy-saving technologies. Engineering Physics Journal, 1996, Fominsky LP Rotation Energy, 2000, BN Rodionov et al. Vortex Energy. Building Materials, Equipment, Technologies XXI century, 2001 No. 3 (26) and others.).

The invention is illustrated by drawings of the inventive design of the hydropulsor in FIG. 1 and 2.

In FIG. 1 shows a vertical section of a vortex hydro-pulsator.

In FIG. 2 are shown:

- the upper right quarter of FIG. 2 - section Α-A along the cone with spiral centripetal channels made on it, in which spiral flow swirls are placed;

- the lower right quarter of FIG. 2 - section BB (from the periphery to the center) along a spiral supply, with guiding flow shutoffs installed in it, along the upper pressure head centripetal channels of the guiding apparatus, with flow swirls and its blades installed in them, along the upper pressure head centripetal channels and working blades wheels and cone with spiral centripetal channels made on it, in which spiral flow swirls are placed;

- the lower left part of FIG. 2 - section BB (from the periphery to the center) along a spiral supply, along the lower centripetal drain channels and vanes of the guide channel, along the lower centripetal drain channels and impeller blades, the entrance to the suction pipe and sleeve on the shaft, with spiral blades;

- the upper left part of FIG. 2 - section GG on the suction pipe and the sleeve located in it with spiral blades.

This hydropulsor includes:

- supply 1 (for example, spiral) with flow cutoffs 2 located in its upper part (in the area of the pressure channels of the guide apparatus);

- a guiding apparatus 3 with upper blades 4 forming arched centripetal pressure channels 5, with swirlers 6 installed in them, and lower blades 7 forming centripetal drain channels 8. A guiding apparatus 3 is installed inside the spiral supply 1 on the support 9.

- the impeller 10 with the lower driving disk 11, in which the lower blades 12 are made, forming centripetal hydraulic turbine drain channels 13, and with the upper driven disk 14, in which the upper blades 15 are made, forming the centripetal pressure channels 16;

- a truncated cone 17, on the lateral surface of which centripetal channels 18 are made in the form of spiral grooves with a step increasing to the upper base of the cone, in which flow swirlers 19 are placed in the form of cylindrical springs, and the channels themselves are closed externally by a thin-walled conical shell 20. Rotating cone 17 together with a shell 20 is placed inside the housing 21, which congruently repeats the outer surfaces of the pressure channels 5 and blades 4 of the guide apparatus 3, the impeller 10 and the shell 20;

- a diffuser 22, in which the liquid is released from the channels 18 of the cone 17;

- outlet cone 23;

- the shaft 24 of the hydraulic pulser is mounted in anti-friction radial sliding bearings 25 and is supported by the fifth 26 on the axial sliding bearing 27. To perceive the alternating axial hydraulic forces, a counter-bearing 28 is installed with the fifth 29. The radial and axial sliding bearings are lubricated by the pumped liquid. The upper sliding bearings 25 and 27 are installed in the housing 30, mounted in the diffuser 22, and the lower sliding bearings 25 and 28 are installed in a fixed sleeve 31, mounted by means of cylindrical pins 32 on the support 9.

- the suction pipe 33 for draining the liquid from the drain channels 13 of the impeller 10 consists of a diffuser 34, a flange 35 and a fairing 36, by means of which the pipe is attached to the support 9;

- sleeve 37 with axial spiral mounted on it, vanes 38 decreasing along the flow of pitch.

During the operation of the hydropulsor, liquid from the upper pool (water intake) of the pool is supplied under pressure through a pipe to inlet 1, from which it enters the centripetal drain channels 8, and along the flow guides 2, which organize the uniform liquid flow through the channels located around the circumference, into the pressure channels 5 guide vane 3.

In the position of the impeller 10, when its upper blades 15, made in the driven disk 14, overlap the outputs of the pressure channels 5 of the guide apparatus 3, the outputs of the centripetal drain channels 8 formed by the blades 7 of the guide apparatus 3 are open, into the centripetal drain channels 13 formed by the blades 12 on the driving disk 11 of the impeller 10. The fluid flowing through the drain channels 13 due to the action on the blades 12 rotates the centripetal drain hydraulic turbine stage of the impeller 10 of the hydro-pulse.

From the drain channels 13, the liquid enters the suction pipe 33, inside the diffuser 34 of which flows along the axial spiral blades 38, mounted on the sleeve 37, located on the shaft 24 of the hydro-pulse.

Because not only the hydrostatic force of the liquid column presses on the spiral blades 38, but also the inertia force of the mass moving with the acceleration of the rotating water, then the torque on the blades 38 increases and due to the dynamic rarefaction created by the high-speed flow, the suction effect of the pipe 33 increases, which increases the power of the turbine drain stage of the impeller 10 of the hydro-pulse.

When the impeller 10 is rotated, its lower blades 12, made in the lower drive disk 11, block the outlets of the lower drain channels 8 formed by the vanes 7 of the guiding apparatus 3. Due to a sharp overlap of the drain channels 8 due to a rapid change in the speed of the drain flow, a pressure jump occurs - a hydraulic shock and the shock wave front, when changing the direction of its movement, passes into the opening inputs of the pressure channels 16 of the impeller 10, increasing the pressure of the fluid moving in them. With the full opening of the pressure channels 16 formed by the blades 15 of the impeller 10, they coincide with the pressure channels 5 formed by the blades 4 of the guiding apparatus 3, and the liquid along the channels 5, through the swirlers 6 located in them in the form of conical spirals, providing fluid movement in a two-flow in a spiral-swirling form, it accelerates into the centripetal pressure channels 16 of the impeller 10, simultaneously creating a torque on the impeller 10 due to the effect on the blades 15.

From the rotating pressure channels 16, the liquid enters the annular space around the lower base of the truncated cone 17, and then partially passes through the gap between the shell 20 of the cone 17 and the inner surface of the conical part of the housing 21, and the main part of the liquid enters the rotating centripetal channels 18, in the form of spiral grooves in which spiral flow swirls 19 are arranged in the form of cylindrical springs and closed on the outside by a shell 20 adjacent to the cone 17.

When the flows are moving along spiral centripetal channels 18, straightening along the flow to the vertical axis due to their increasing step towards the upper base of the truncated cone 17, their swirling in the channels 18 around their own axis by spiral swirls 19 and the rotation of the channels 18 around the vertical axis of the cone, the flowing fluid acquires a complex motion in a centripetal spiral-swirl form, providing acceleration of the flow of the main flows, which in turn causes an increase in the absorption forces the exit of the channels 18 to the diffuser 22, which provides a centrifugal acceleration cycle of the liquid when it is diverted to the cone 23. Due to the increase in the velocity of the liquid to the exit, the increasing impulse of the suction forces exceeds in its influence the pressure at the inlet to the hydro-pulse, which leads to an increase in pressure and flow fluid at its outlet, providing the design with higher parameters.

Antifriction radial sliding bearings 25, axial sliding bearings 27 with fifth 26 and bearings (counter-heights) 28 with fifth 29, in which shaft 24 is mounted, are lubricated by fluid passing through the hydraulic pulser.

Thus, the proposed design of the hydropulsor has practical value and can create a technical and economic effect when introducing renewable hydraulic energy sources, contributing to energy saving in solving the problems of lifting liquids without the use of drive motors.

Claims (4)

1. A hydropulsor comprising a supply, a guiding apparatus with blades forming a centripetal drain channel and blades placed above them forming a centripetal pressure channel, an impeller with blades forming a centripetal drain and pressure channel of the turbine wheel stage, and the outlet of the drain channels is made into a suction pipe, and with radial blades placed above the centripetal pressure channels of the impeller, the centrifugal pressure stage of the wheel, characterized in that A truncated cone tapering along the flow channel of the impeller is installed above the centripetal pressure channel of the impeller, on the lateral surface of which are made spiral centrifugal channels of variable pitch, in which spiral flow swirls are placed, and the output of the spiral centripetal channels is made into a diffuser. 2. Hydropulsor according to claim 1, characterized in that in the spiral supply in front of the centripetal pressure channels of the guide apparatus, flow guiding cutoffs are installed. 3. Hydropulsor according to claim 1, characterized in that spiral flow swirls are placed in the centripetal pressure channels of the guide apparatus. 4. Hydropulsor according to claim 1, characterized in that a sleeve with spiral blades located on it is mounted on its shaft in a suction pipe of the drain hydraulic turbine stage of the impeller, with a variable pitch between them along the height of the sleeve.

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