WO2024038508A1 - Turbine device and consecutively connected turbine system - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a turbine device which is capable of efficiently converting the potential energy of a fluid into power for turning a turbine used in power generation or the like.　A turbine device in which a fluid 4 supplied from above rotates a plurality of phased storage bodies 6 which store said fluid 4 and are secured to a rotating shaft 2, said turbine device being characterized in that: the phased storage bodies 6 are composed of a front wall, a rear wall and a lateral wall, and are fluid storage bodies which expand in the direction in which the rotating shaft 2 extends; a front curve 30 of the lateral wall visible when viewed from the front and a rear curve 31 of the lateral wall visible when viewed from the rear are configured such that in comparison to the phase of the front curve, the phase of the rear curve 31 is rotated forward in the rotation direction around the rotating shaft 2 by the torsion angle, while the peripheral region of the rear curve 31 extends by only the extension angle; and the lateral wall of a phased storage body 6 is formed by connecting the front curve and the rear curve 31, which is rotated by the torsion angle and extends by the extension angle, in the front-rear direction by means of a three-dimensionally twisted wall surface.

Description

Turbine equipment and connected turbine systems

The present invention relates to a turbine device related to gravitational torque conversion that converts potential energy of a fluid into useful mechanical power. The turbine device related to gravity torque conversion of the present invention can be suitably used as a power generation device.

Electrical energy produced in a general power plant is generated by rotating the rotating shaft of a dielectric power generation device called a dynamo or alternator using some kind of physical power energy. ”. For example, thermal power generation uses fuel such as oil, coal, combustible gas, or nuclear power, converts it into high-temperature "thermal energy," generates strong steam pressure in a boiler, and uses that "strong pressure" to generate electricity. The most common method is to generate electricity by rotating a turbine connected to the machine at high speed.
On the other hand, a turbine device has also been proposed that uses the potential energy of a fluid located at a high position to turn a rotating shaft and obtain kinetic energy.
As a type of such a turbine device, a turbine device as disclosed in Patent Document 1 below has been proposed with the aim of generating power with high efficiency and high output even when installed in a place where a sufficient head cannot be obtained.

JP2019-173690A

However, in the process of converting energy resources such as fuel into easy-to-use electrical energy, a huge amount of thermal energy is wasted, and the efficiency of energy transformation still remains extremely low. In particular, in the case of thermal power generation, most of the energy originally contained in fuel substances is converted into thermal energy, and the power generation turbine is turned by the physical power energy of the steam pressure generated by the boiler.
In other words, most of the energy is wasted when it is converted into thermal energy, and for stable operation of the power generation system, other power is used for cooling and control, and it is difficult to store electricity. Although it always generates more power than the actual demand, all the power that is not used or consumed momentarily disappears, so it can be said that operational efficiency is extremely low.

In summary, there is a need for a power supply system that can be expected to improve power generation efficiency, and the challenges to achieve this include the following.
(A) Develop a turbine device that uses the potential energy of a fluid located at a high position without using heat, reduces energy loss, and converts the energy into rotational energy with high efficiency.
(B) Develop a highly efficient turbine device that can convert the potential energy of fluid flowing through water sources where a sufficient head cannot be obtained or where the amount of water is low into rotational energy.

The present invention has been made to solve each of the above problems.
A broader object of the present invention is to provide a turbine device and a connected turbine system that can efficiently convert physical power energy such as potential energy of a fluid into power for rotating a turbine used for power generation etc. with a simple configuration. It is.

A turbine device according to a basic first aspect of the present invention is a turbine device that rotates a plurality of storage bodies that store the fluid, which are fixed to a rotating shaft, by gravity related to the fluid, and includes:
The apparatus is characterized in that it has a distribution function part that distributes the fluid between the plurality of reservoirs so as to be effective in changing the rotational torque around the rotation axis.
The second aspect of the present invention is
a supply port for supplying the fluid supplied from above to the reservoir;
an opening for introducing the fluid into the reservoir from the supply port;
the reservoir is comprised of a phase reservoir;
The phase reservoir is a reservoir for the fluid that is configured to include a front wall, a rear wall, and a side wall, and spreads in the direction in which the rotation axis extends,
In the front curve of the side wall that appears when viewed from the front side and the rear curve of the side wall that appears when viewed from the rear side, the phase of the rear curve is compared to the phase of the front curve. , rotated so as to advance in the rotation direction by a twist angle around the rotation axis, and extend a peripheral area of the rear curve by an extension angle;
The side wall of the phase storage body connects the front curve and the rear curve rotated by the twist angle and extended by the extension angle in the front-rear direction with a three-dimensionally twisted wall surface. It is characterized by the fact that it consists of
The third aspect of the present invention is
The distribution function section is configured with an on-off valve, and the on-off valve is provided in a peripheral area of the side wall of the phase storage body, and the on-off valve is configured such that when the phase storage body is in an upper position, It is characterized in that the opening/closing valve is opened to take the fluid into the phase reservoir, and when rotating downward, the opening/closing valve is closed to prevent the accumulated fluid from leaking.

The fourth aspect of the present invention is
It is characterized in that the opening/closing valve distributes the fluid between the phase reservoir at an advanced position in the rotation angle and the phase reservoir at a position delayed in the rotation angle.
The fifth aspect of the present invention is
Both the front curve and the rear curve are spiral curves in which the radial position of the curve extending from the center of rotation gradually increases as it rotates in the circumferential direction.
The sixth aspect of the present invention is
The plurality of phase reservoirs is characterized in that the plurality of phase reservoirs are composed of three phase reservoirs mounted at 120° intervals around the rotation axis.

The seventh aspect of the present invention is
The torsion angle and the extension angle of the rear curve were set so that the side edges of the side walls of the phase reservoir, through which the fluid overflows as the phase reservoir rotates, are horizontal. , is characterized by.
The eighth aspect of the present invention is
The torsion angle and the extension of the rear curve are such that the side edges of the side walls of the phase reservoir, through which the fluid overflows as the phase reservoir rotates, are parallel to the axis of rotation. It is characterized by having set corners.
The ninth aspect of the present invention is
The on-off valve is characterized in that it is composed of an on-off door that is driven by the action of gravity.

The connected turbine system according to the tenth aspect of the present invention includes:
The phase reservoir is formed using a cylindrical shell that rotates about the rotation axis,
The cylindrical shell is composed of a front circular plate, a rear circular plate, and a cylindrical plate,
The cylindrical shell is characterized in that the opening is provided at a front end position or a rear end position of the phase reservoir.
A basic eleventh aspect of the present invention is characterized in that a plurality of the turbine devices according to claim 2 are provided.
The twelfth aspect of the present invention is
The plurality of turbine devices are characterized in that, in the flow of the fluid, each of the plurality of turbine devices has a fluid path communication path that allows the fluid to flow from at least an upstream side to a downstream side.

The thirteenth aspect of the present invention is
A siphon type communication path using a siphon phenomenon is provided in at least a part of the fluid communication path.
The fourteenth aspect of the present invention is
The present invention is characterized in that it includes a return passage that returns the fluid from the turbine device on the downstream side to the turbine device on the upstream side, and a pump that circulates the fluid.
The fifteenth aspect of the present invention is
A serial turbine system having a configuration in which a plurality of the turbine devices are arranged horizontally,
a first upper storage tank provided above the first turbine device on the upstream side and containing the fluid falling from above;
a first lower reservoir provided at a position below the first turbine device and containing the fluid discharged from the first turbine device;
a siphon-type communication path that communicates from a lower position of the first lower storage tank to the supply port of the fluid of the second turbine device on the downstream side;
a second lower reservoir containing the fluid discharged from the second turbine device at a position below the second turbine device;
The first turbine device and the second turbine device are rotated by flowing the fluid from the second lower storage tank using a siphon phenomenon.

The sixteenth aspect of the present invention is
A second upper storage tank is provided above the second turbine device, and the siphon type communication path is communicated with the second upper storage tank.
The seventeenth aspect of the present invention is
A return passage is provided for returning the fluid flowing out from the second lower storage tank to the first upper storage tank, and a pump is provided for circulating the fluid flowing out.
The eighteenth aspect of the present invention is
The plurality of turbine devices are vertically connected via the fluid communication path.

The nineteenth aspect of the present invention is
The distribution function section is characterized in that it has an inter-reservoir communication port that communicates between the plurality of reservoirs.
The 20th aspect of the present invention is
The present invention is characterized in that it includes a distribution pump that distributes the fluid between the plurality of reservoirs in a manner effective for changing the rotational torque.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a turbine device and a connected turbine system that can efficiently convert physical power energy such as potential energy of a fluid into power for rotating a turbine used for power generation or the like with a simple configuration.

It is a perspective view showing an example of the turbine device concerning this embodiment. (a) is a diagram showing a conventional turbine blade, and (b), (c), and (d) are diagrams showing four or three turbine blades that can be adopted in the present invention. In the turbine blades (b), (c), and (d) in FIG. 2, the amount and state of fluid stored in each phase storage body when generating rotational torque are compared in the rotation sequence. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing instantaneous vector analysis using trigonometric functions to obtain rotational torque. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining rotational torque obtained by gravity, moment of inertia, and effective gravity that should be taken into account when rotating a blade. (a) is a schematic diagram showing a state in which a linear flat plate is rotated by fluid falling from above, and (b) is a schematic diagram showing a state in which a reservoir is used in which fluid flows and stagnates. (a), (b), and (c) are diagrams in which the horizontal axis represents the rotation angle of each turbine blade in FIG. 3, and the vertical axis represents the value of torque conversion. (a) is a view of the front curve seen from the front side, (b) is a perspective view of the main part of the turbine device seen from an angle, (c) is a view of the rear curve seen from the rear side, (d) ( e) and (f) are exploded perspective views showing phase reservoirs formed around the rotation axis, respectively. (a), (b), (c), and (d) are exploded perspective views of an example of a turbine device, respectively. (a), (b), and (c) are exploded perspective views of an example of a turbine device, respectively. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an assembled state of the disassembled turbine device. FIG. 2 is a perspective view for explaining the configuration of an opening and the configuration of an on-off valve in an example of the present turbine device. FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing the movement and retention of the fluid in the front-rear direction until the falling fluid enters each phase storage body and exits from the discharge port. (a), (b), (c), and (d) are schematic diagrams viewed from the front side in order to explain the movement of the on-off valves provided on the side walls of each phase storage body during rotation. (a), (b), and (c) are diagrams each showing how fluid flows into each phase reservoir when the rotation angle is 30 degrees. (a), (b), and (c) are diagrams each showing how fluid flows into each phase reservoir when the rotation angle is 60 degrees. (a), (b), and (c) are diagrams each showing how fluid flows into each phase reservoir when the rotation angle is 90 degrees. (a), (b), and (c) are diagrams each showing how fluid flows into each phase reservoir when the rotation angle is 120 degrees. (a), (b), and (c) are diagrams each showing how fluid flows into each phase reservoir when the rotation angle is 150°. (a), (b), and (c) are diagrams each showing how fluid flows into each phase reservoir when the rotation angle is 180 degrees. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of another turbine device according to the present embodiment. FIG. 3 is a diagram of another turbine device viewed from the front side. (a), (b), (c), and (d) are diagrams for explaining operations of other turbine devices, respectively. It is a figure for explaining a siphon phenomenon when a plurality of water storage tanks are provided in the horizontal direction, and is a figure showing a state where a valve is closed. FIG. 24 is a diagram for explaining the siphon phenomenon in a state where the valve is opened. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration in which fluid reservoirs are connected in the vertical direction. FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view for explaining a serially connected turbine device according to the present embodiment that utilizes a siphon phenomenon. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a continuous turbine device that utilizes the siphon phenomenon using the potential energy of naturally falling fluid. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a serially connected turbine device that uses a siphon phenomenon to provide a fluid return passage and a pump that circulates the fluid. It is a diagram showing angle on the horizontal axis and relative torque output on the vertical axis.

[First embodiment]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In the present invention, important aspects of this embodiment will be described below before describing an embodiment of a turbine device related to gravity torque conversion.
Important viewpoints in this embodiment include the following viewpoints.
(Aspect 1) Structure of the reservoir The reservoir has an expanse in the direction in which the rotating shaft extends (front-back direction), and also in the width direction (lateral and radial directions). It is a receptor for fluid that moves, convects, and stagnates between bodies. The reservoir can also be constructed in the form of a container. Each reservoir has an opening that receives fluid from an inlet, typically supplied from above. The aperture primarily functions as an inlet for fluid into the reservoir. Note that a configuration in which the opening is used not only as an inlet but also as an outlet of the reservoir can be adopted.
As shown in Fig. 6 or Fig. 13, when considering the rotational torque generated by a predetermined amount of falling fluid per unit time, in order to efficiently generate large rotational torque, it is necessary to A configuration is adopted in which the fluid moves in the direction extending in the direction of the axis of rotation and in the direction extending in the radial direction of the rotating shaft, and the fluid remains in the reservoir for as long as possible, and the force generated by gravity on the retained fluid is converted into rotational torque It is preferable to adopt a configuration in which the conversion is performed as follows. This concept also holds true for fluid movement between multiple reservoirs.

According to this idea, the rotational torque output, that is, the conversion efficiency into rotational energy is significantly affected by the shape of the storage body. As shown in FIG. 6(a), the linear flat plate 52 is rotated by the fluid 4 falling from above, and as shown in FIG. 6(b), the force of water volume due to gravity is converted into rotational torque. It is important to compare this with a state in which the object is rotated at a "low speed" with the aim of prolonging the time it is affected by gravity. On the premise of increasing torque output, if we consider a comparison between a container 51 (reservoir) that creates a natural "flow" that "stagnates" while performing "convection" and a structure that uses a flat plate 52. , the advantages of the configuration of this embodiment can be easily understood.
In other words, with the configuration of this embodiment, which will be described later, in an instantaneous operating state (in which there is accumulated water in advance), the injected water and the discharged water are in exactly the same operating state, that is, they consume the same potential energy. Under certain conditions, the efficiency of conversion into rotational torque can be increased not only several times, but tens of times, even hundreds of times.

(Aspect 2) Distribution function section As shown in FIGS. 8 to 13, when fluid flows upward into the reservoir due to the action of gravity, and when fluid flows out from the reservoir due to the action of gravity, the flow of fluid into the reservoir is It is important to consider a reservoir configuration that can continuously and efficiently realize supply and discharge around a rotation axis. Note that in this specification, "distribution of fluid" is a concept that includes movement of fluid between different reservoirs, division (branching), and the like.
Taking as an example a member to be described later, the distribution function section 36 may be configured by, for example, only the inter-reservoir communication port 38. The inter-reservoir communication port 38 may also be an inter-reservoir communication path 39 having a certain length. Note that part or all of the opening 40 that takes the fluid into the reservoir from the supply port 22 may function as part of the distribution function section 36.
Further, as a preferable configuration of the distribution function section 36, a configuration including a distribution tool can be exemplified. Examples of the distributing device include a valve body, an on-off valve 5, a water channel (gate mechanism), etc., as shown in the specific configuration described later.

(Aspect 3) Supply Port A supply port for supplying fluid to the reservoir from above is disposed at a position facing the opening and suitable for supplying the fluid. The fluid supply port is constituted by a fluid supply pipe 34 (see, for example, FIGS. 1 and 14). The length of the supply port in the longitudinal direction, the length in the lateral direction, and the cross-sectional shape of the supply port when viewed from above are optimal for generating rotational torque depending on, for example, the configuration of the opening and, for example, the configuration of the distributor. is designed to be.
(Aspect 4) Angular range that maximizes rotational torque As shown in Figures 2 to 5, the angle range that can most efficiently generate rotational torque is 30 degrees above and below the horizontal line passing through the center of rotation of the rotating shaft. In other words, it is preferable to configure the reservoir with a shape that increases the amount of fluid retained in an angular range of 60 degrees.

(Aspect 5) Efficient use of gravitational energy by connecting turbine devices In terms of utilizing the potential energy of fluids, by installing multiple turbine devices, the gravitational energy of fluids located at high positions can be used more effectively than in conventional configurations. can.
Another major feature of these plurality of turbine devices is that they have a fluid path communication path 80 that allows fluid to flow at least from the upstream side to the downstream side.
As the simplest rationale for efficiently utilizing potential energy, for example, in a plurality of fluid reservoirs 70a, 70b, 70c as shown in FIG. 26, each of the fluid reservoirs 70a, 70b, 70c will be simply described below. If the turbine devices 1a, 1b, and 1c are replaced with the turbine devices 1a, 1b, and 1c, the efficiency of utilizing the potential energy of the fluid can be increased compared to the case where only one turbine device 1a is provided at the lowermost storage tank 70a. .
The reason is that when water falls from the highest water supply position, that is, the lower end of the connecting pipe 77 of the storage tank 70c, if there is only one turbine device 1a at the lowest position, the turbine Due to phenomena such as impact, vibration, water splashing, and sound generation caused by the collision of the falling water with the turbine blades of the device 1a, the potential energy of the water at a higher position is lost, and the energy conversion efficiency is reduced. Because it will be. On the other hand, if the three turbine devices 1a, 1b, and 1c are connected vertically to replace each of the storage tanks 70a, 70b, and 70c, the rotational torque will be increased although the speed will be low. It is possible to stably improve power generation efficiency.
Note that the configuration in which a siphon-type communication passage, which will be described later, is provided is an example of a configuration related to a subordinate concept of a continuous type turbine device.
One of the features of the concept of this embodiment is that when converting the potential energy of a fluid falling from above into the torque of the rotating shaft of the turbine shaft, the instantaneous kinetic energy hitting the turbine blades is converted into rotational torque. Compared to other configurations, the potential energy of the fluid can be efficiently converted into rotational energy by adopting various configurations and devices for allowing fluid to flow between individual reservoirs or between multiple reservoirs, causing convection and storage. There are some points that I have found.

Next, the shape design of the reservoir will be further explained.
Figures 2(a), (b), (c), and (d) are diagrams showing the shapes of turbine blades (turbine blades), respectively, and Figure 3 is the rotation of each turbine blade in Figures 2(b), (c, and d). FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a sequence.
FIG. 4 is a diagram for considering the gravitational effect rate depending on the rotation angle using trigonometric functions, where the solid line indicates a sine curve and the broken line indicates a cosine curve.
FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing factors that cause rotational torque. In FIG. 5, arrow G indicates gravity, arrow EG indicates effective gravity, and arrow M indicates moment of inertia. Further, T indicates rotational torque.
In the solid curve 42 shown in FIG. 4, considering angles at intervals of 15 degrees, and describing the acceleration difference and the gravitational effect ratio, Table 1 is obtained. In FIG. 4, the width of the arrow 48 indicates a region indicating an angular range at 30° intervals.

Further, in the broken curve 43 shown in FIG. 4, if we consider angles at intervals of 15 degrees and describe the acceleration difference and the gravitational effect rate, Table 2 will be obtained.

As shown in FIG. 2, there are various ways to rotate a dielectric power generator using turbine blades, depending on the system configuration of the motive force that rotates the turbine blades. To convert fluids such as steam or water flowing at high pressure into rotational energy, it is necessary to install a large number of blades to increase the surface area that receives pressure. The higher the fluid pressure, the less pressure energy can be converted into rotational energy with a single blade wheel, so a method of stacking blade wheels in multiple layers is used. In addition, if the number of blade wheels is small, the efficiency of absorbing pressure and converting it into rotational power will be reduced, and the pressure will be wasted. On the other hand, if the number of blade wheels is too large, fluid resistance will increase and the overall fluid velocity will increase. At the same time, the turbine speed is also reduced, so just designing the turbine blades to improve the rotational efficiency of the turbine requires extremely complex and delicate design, installation, and operation.

As mentioned above, if we consider the storage body of this embodiment as a type of blade, it is not intended to receive pressure, but to receive water falling due to gravity, and the force due to the weight of the water is effective for torque conversion. It is important to be able to stay in a certain position for as long as possible. Therefore, there will be a large difference in the torque conversion characteristics depending on the shape of the reservoir.
For example, even though the three types of reservoirs shown in Figure 3 below, b, c, and d, do not have much difference in appearance, there is a significant difference in torque conversion efficiency in the rotation range from 0° to 90°. .
Specifically, when a rotational power load is applied to rotate the dielectric generator shaft, the gravitational acceleration is absorbed and the blades rotate at a low speed. The most efficient rotational angle band, which is converted into rotational torque depending on rotation band of °. It is important to utilize the torque that is generated when water falls and hits the blade, momentarily accumulating and overflowing due to the tilt of the blade.

In addition, as shown in Fig. 7, this torque output (Tcon) characteristic is different between the semicircular 4-blade blade "Type b" shown in Fig. 7(a) and the semicircular 3-blade blade shown in Fig. 7(b). Compared to each configuration of "Type c", the three-blade phase curve-shaped blade of "Type d" has a "phase curve shape" in which the deployment angle expands in a spiral shape toward the outer shell, as shown in Fig. 7(c). It can be seen that the performance is good. In other words, when comparing the torque output, it can be seen that the torque output of the "Type d" phase curve blade has far less deviation than the other two types, and has good "stability" over the entire rotation range.
If we calculate the energy conversion rate from this torque conversion characteristic, the area surrounded by the vertical and horizontal axes and the curved line shown in Fig. 7 will be the energy absorption rate.As a result, "Type d" is different from other types of blades. It can be seen that an energy conversion efficiency several times higher than that in the rotation range of 0 to 60 degrees can be obtained.

In other words, in order to convert the linear kinetic energy of water falling from above into rotational energy, it is necessary to move 30 degrees above and below a line extending horizontally from the center of rotation of the circular motion (the line that bisects the rotation circle into upper and lower semicircles). The most efficient way is to store water in the area of a 60° arc and rotate it while increasing the storage time, considering the effective rotation time rather than the instantaneous time of kinetic energy. If we perform an integral calculation, we can see that if we can always keep the fluid waiting for its weight within this 60° range, we can efficiently convert the kinetic energy of the falling fluid into rotational energy with a high conversion efficiency.
In addition, the blade shape adopts a "spiral curve" in which the radius increases from the rotation center and extends to the outer periphery, as shown in Figure 3(d), with three spiral curves arranged at 120° intervals around the rotation axis. This means that the blade shape with the blade configuration is more efficient.

Further explanation.
The physical formula for the energy (output energy) that can be generated from rotational torque is the correlation between generated output P [kW] and torque T [Nm], and output P [W] from torque T [Nm] and rotational speed N [rps]. The formula for calculating is P=2πTN. In other words, unless the rotational torque is stable, stable energy cannot be generated, and the amount of energy output per unit time will inevitably decrease.
The stability of rotational torque is an essential element when considering the power generation efficiency of a power generation system. In a system like this embodiment, which catches water falling due to gravity, stores it to a certain extent, and uses the force of the weight of that water to turn a turbine, it is possible to rotate the constantly changing weight balance of water. It is important to have a configuration that converts torque into torque and rotates the dielectric device efficiently. In this case, it is important to consider adding a configuration and a functional system that will rotate at a constant rotational speed as much as possible and provide a constant rotational torque output for a constant rotational load. Furthermore, in order to achieve stable and highly efficient power generation performance, it is important to achieve this with the simplest possible system configuration.

Specifically, in order to generate stable torque, it can be seen that the efficiency of torque generation (torque conversion), that is, the efficiency of energy conversion, changes significantly depending on the shape of the blade as shown in FIG. In the semicircular blade shapes shown in FIGS. 3(b) and 3(c), the torque output is as shown in FIG. When using the blade of (c), as shown in FIG. 4, a region 84 inside the sine curve 42 at a rotation angle of 0 to 90 degrees is represented as torque conversion, that is, the amount of absorbed energy. It will be done.
However, although it seems that the blank area 83 that cannot be filled in other than the area 84 inside the curve 42 of the sine curve is lost (wasted), according to modern general laws of physics, it is in the normal position. In terms of the law of conversion between energy and kinetic energy, it indicates the amount of energy when 100% of potential energy is converted to kinetic energy, and indicates a state where no conversion loss occurs. Incidentally, in order to flatten out the highly uneven torque output at a 90° rotation angle and make it easier to handle, the latest power generation systems of today have traditionally specialized in high-speed rotation.
In contrast, in this embodiment, one purpose is to use the blank area 83 as a complementable area. Note that the blank area 83 shown in FIG. 4 is an example of a "blank area that cannot be filled."

Hereinafter, a more specific configuration of the turbine device will be further described based on the consideration of the above viewpoints, with reference to the drawings regarding a gravity torque conversion type power generation system using the turbine device according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 1 is an external perspective view showing the external appearance of a turbine device 1 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a turbine for simplicity) according to the present embodiment, FIGS. 9 to 11 are exploded views of the turbine, and FIG. 12 is an on-off valve. FIG. 3 is a perspective view for explaining the configuration of the vicinity.
As shown in FIG. 1, the turbine 1 exemplified in this embodiment takes a water flow caused by the natural fall of water 4 as a fluid into the turbine device 1, rotates the rotating shaft 2, and generates the rotational power of the rotating shaft 2. This is a device that generates electricity by connecting to a generator 3 such as a dynamo or alternator.
In this specification, as shown in FIG. 1, the direction in which water 4 falls is the vertical direction (referred to as the X direction in FIG. 1), and the direction in which the rotating shaft 2 extends is the front-rear direction (referred to as the Y direction in FIG. 1). The direction perpendicular to both the up-down direction and the front-back direction is called the lateral direction, the lateral direction (radial direction), or the left-right direction (shown as the Z direction in FIG. 1).

(Phase reservoir)
As shown in FIG. 1 as an example, the phase storage body 6 is a storage container fixed to the rotating shaft 2 of the turbine device 1, and is a three-dimensional storage container divided into a plurality of container parts in the direction in which the rotating shaft extends (front-back direction). It is composed of side walls 16 (rotating blades) that are twisted in a circular motion.
Moreover, each phase storage body 6 has a front wall 14, a rear wall 15, and a side wall 16, and is a container that stores water as a fluid. The shapes of the front wall 14 and the rear wall 15 are not particularly limited as long as they are shapes that allow water to move and accumulate together with the side walls 16 within a predetermined time period determined by the system. It may be a flat surface or a curved surface extending in the front-rear direction.
The phase storage body 6 rotates the front curve 30 described later and the front curve 30 in a predetermined direction by a twist angle θ (see FIG. 8(b)), and rotates the front curve 30 in a predetermined direction by an extension angle φ (see FIG. 8(b)). ) is connected to the rear curve 31 by a side wall 16 extending in the front-rear direction.
The side wall 16 of each phase reservoir 6 has a central region with a large curvature extending radially from the center of rotation and a peripheral region with a small curvature extending along the inner circumferential wall of the inner cylindrical shell. Preferably.

(spiral curve)
In addition, it is preferable that the front curve 30 and the rear curve 31 be configured as "a spiral curve in which the radial distance of the rotary blade increases as it rotates in the circumferential direction." In this specification, the expression "spiral curve" is used to include a polygonal line shape that connects a plurality of straight lines close to an approximate curve or a spiral curve to the extent that energy efficiency can be improved.
Various types of spiral curves are possible, including Archimedean spiral curves, logarithmic spiral curves, Fibonacci lines, and unknown adaptive spirals that are calculated to improve power generation efficiency in accordance with the usage pattern of fluid. Examples include curves.
Which curve to use is selected depending on the required capacity, properties, surrounding conditions, etc. of each turbine device. In the present invention, the number of blades formed along the spiral curve is not limited to three, but in order to achieve high energy efficiency, the number of blades is increased as explained using FIGS. 3 and 7. It is preferable to consist of three pieces.

(twist angle)
In the relationship between the front curve 30 and the rear curve 31 described above, in the phase around the rotation axis, the phase of the rear curve 31 is compared to the phase of the front curve 30, for example, by a twist angle θ around the rotation axis in the rotation direction. I'm shifting it so I can move forward. The torsion angle θ is preferably determined from the viewpoint of a shape that increases the amount of fluid retained in an angular range of 30° above and below the horizontal axis, that is, 60°. , the twist angle θ is appropriately set.
(extension angle)
The extension angle φ increases the capacity of the water container when storing water, and also allows the side edge 33 of the side wall 16 (for example, see FIG. 17(a)) to be aligned with the horizontal line or the rotation axis 2. Since it is configured in parallel to the other, it can also be said to be an angle that defines the circumferential end of the side wall 16 of the phase storage body 6. In the case of three reservoirs spaced apart by 120°, it is preferred to have an extension angle φ of about 60°. It is simple and preferable for the side wall 16 to extend along the extension angle φ to extend the peripheral area of the side wall 16 along the circumferential direction.
In the specific embodiment described below, since there are three reservoirs, the twist angle θ and the extension angle φ are both set to about 60°.

(Position of opening and outlet)
If water falling from above is uniformly supplied to the phase reservoir 6 as a container in the direction in which the rotating shaft extends (front-back direction), water flow in the front-back direction is less likely to occur, and the residence time is shortened. In addition, when considering the overall configuration of the turbine device, if the water supply port and the water discharge port are provided at the ends of the storage bodies in the front and rear direction, the water supplied to each storage body is Water moves toward lower positions according to the height difference in the front and rear direction. In addition, if the discharge point is limited to the front or rear end position, the residence time in each reservoir can be increased compared to a configuration in which the supply port or the discharge port is provided at the center position in the longitudinal direction of the turbine device. It can be said that the rotational torque can be increased. In this case, in order to lengthen the storage time, it is preferable that the direction in which the water flows and the direction of the discharge port from which the water is discharged are opposite directions due to the difference in height between the side walls of the storage body in the front and rear directions.
From this point of view, we designed the slope of the height position of the bottom of the side wall of each reservoir, and also positioned the water supply and discharge ports of each reservoir at positions closer to the ends of the turbine device in the longitudinal direction. It is preferable to provide one.
In addition, FIG. 13 shows that the rearward flow of water due to the difference in the bottom height position of the side wall 16 explained above and the forward flow of water at the time of discharge are performed continuously in each phase reservoir. FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing the situation.

(on-off valve)
It is preferable to provide an on-off valve as a valve body or a distributor for supplying water to each phase reservoir from above along the peripheral region of the phase reservoir.
If each phase storage body is composed of a bowl-shaped water container concave downward as shown in FIG. 6(b), and the entire upper surface is completely open, the Since the timing at which the falling water is supplied is not optimized and the position at which the water falls onto the phase reservoir cannot be optimized, it is not possible to increase the rotational torque. In other words, the combination of the configuration of the supply port 22, the configuration of the opening 40, and the configuration of the distribution function section 36, in other words, optimization of each of these parameters is important.
If the description is limited to the present embodiment shown in FIGS. 8 to 12, the preferred main functions of the on-off valve are as follows.
(A) Opening/closing valves provided along the peripheral region of the phase reservoirs operate to form openings into each phase reservoir for introducing upward water as each phase reservoir moves upwardly.
(B) It operates to close the openings so that the water accumulated in each phase reservoir does not leak out as it moves from the upper position to the lower position.
The on-off valve provided in the turbine device 1 is configured so that the distribution of the amount of water stored in each phase storage body and the storage time are extended. Further, it is preferable that each phase storage body is provided with an on-off valve.

The on-off valve may also be constructed by providing a support shaft extending in the front-rear direction at a circumferential position in the peripheral area of each phase storage body, and rotating the on-off valve around the support shaft.
It is preferable that the on-off valve such as a revolving door has a curved line when viewed from the front so as to follow the curvature of the peripheral area of each phase storage body.
Further, it is preferable that the opening/closing valve is configured so that its opening/closing angle (hanging angle viewed from the support shaft) changes due to the action of gravity or the like. Although a configuration using gravity as the driving force for the on-off valve can be constructed inexpensively and easily, in the present invention, in order to improve the timing adjustment and the degree of closing of the opening, it is preferable to use a driving means for the on-off valve other than gravity (for example, This does not exclude configurations in which various actuators, etc.) are provided.

(Fluid distribution device to multiple reservoirs)
Unless the water falling from above is continuously supplied to the rotating plurality of phase reservoirs, efficient rotational torque cannot be obtained over the entire angular range. For this reason, at the falling position of the water supplied from above, the amount of water is divided (allocated) between the phase reservoir at the advanced position in the rotation angle and the phase reservoir at the position delayed in the rotation angle so as to increase the efficiency. Preferably, a dispensing device is provided.
In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 8 to 12, which will be described later, the on-off valve 5 also serves as a dispensing device.

The components of this embodiment have been described above based on the above-mentioned viewpoints, but an example of a turbine device having a more specific configuration will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 9, the turbine device 1 according to this embodiment is housed in an inner cylindrical shell 11. As shown in FIG. Further, the inner cylindrical shell 11 is accommodated in the outer cylindrical shell 18.
As shown in FIG. 9(b), the turbine device 1 has three side walls 16 arranged at 120° intervals around the rotating shaft 2, with the side walls 16 increasing in radius from the center in the circumferential direction. , and the outer periphery is surrounded by an inner cylindrical shell 11. The inner cylindrical shell 11 has a shape like a cylindrical container in which a cylindrical plate 13 is attached to a rear circular plate 12. The front side wall 16 is fixed to the front circular plate 17, and the rear side wall 16 is fixed to the rear circular plate 12.
Most of the side wall 16 in the front-rear direction is accommodated within the cylindrical plate 13 of the inner cylindrical shell 11 and fixed to the inner peripheral wall of the cylindrical plate 13. Therefore, the inner cylindrical shell 11 rotates as the rotating shaft 2 rotates.

As shown in FIG. 12, the length of the cylindrical plate 13 of the inner cylindrical shell 11 in the front-rear direction is longer than the length of the turbine blade in the front-rear direction (the length of the side wall 16 attached to the rotating shaft 2). Since the opening 40 is formed to be shorter by the length d in the longitudinal direction shown in FIG. 12, an opening 40 having no circumferential wall of the cylindrical plate 13 is formed on the front side of the turbine device 1 over 360 degrees around the rotating shaft 2.
As shown in FIGS. 9 to 11, the outer cylindrical shell 18 is concentrically formed with the inner cylindrical shell 11 and has a substantially similar shape on the rotating shaft 2. It is constructed into a container shape by a front circular plate 19, a rear circular plate 20, and a cylindrical plate 21 to prevent water from leaking.
The space between the outer circumferential wall of the inner cylindrical shell 11 and the inner circumferential wall of the outer cylindrical shell 18 functions as a discharge passage 24 through which water leaking from the side wall 16 of each phase storage body flows downward (see FIG. 17(a)). .
As shown in FIG. 11, a supply port 22 for power water to the turbine device 1 is provided at an upper position (preferably at the uppermost position) near the front end of the outer cylindrical shell 18. Further, a power water outlet 23 is provided at a lower position near the front end of the outer cylindrical shell 18 (preferably at the lowermost position).
Note that the outer cylindrical shell 18 may be replaced by an outer shell of another shape, a funnel, or the like, as long as it has a structure that allows water to be supplied and discharged well inside. Moreover, depending on the usage form of the turbine device 1, it is also possible to omit the outer cylindrical shell 18 itself as appropriate.

Next, the specific on-off valve 5 will be explained.
As shown in FIG. 12, a support shaft 7 extending in the front-rear direction is provided at the end of the peripheral area of the twisted side wall 16 facing the front opening 40 at an end position of the main body of the valve body. By being inserted into the bearing body 8, an opening/closing door 10 serving as the opening/closing valve 5 is configured. Three opening/closing doors 10 are provided at 120° intervals. As illustrated in FIG. 14(a), the opening/closing door 10 is an opening/closing valve 5 having an inward-opening structure that hangs down toward the inside of a cylindrical body around a support shaft 7 as a central axis due to gravity. In addition, when the on-off valve 5 is supported by the peripheral area of the side wall 16, due to the action of water pressure and gravity in the phase reservoir 6, the peripheral area of the side wall 16 is made of an elastic body, etc. The close contact portions are in close contact with each other to form an on-off valve that hardly leaks water in the phase storage body 6.
In the configuration of the embodiment, the on-off valve 5 has a substantially curved shape that is substantially the same as the peripheral area of the side wall 16 when viewed from the front, and has a substantially curved plate shape with a substantially width d in the front-rear direction. It has been formed.

Next, a specific configuration of the phase storage body 6 will be explained.
As shown in FIG. 8(b), in a configuration having three phase storage bodies 6, when rotating clockwise, the twist angle θ is set to a position advanced by 60° in the clockwise direction. The extension angle φ is extended by 60° in the opposite direction to the clockwise direction.
As shown in FIGS. 8(d) to 8(f), the three spaces between the side walls 16a, 16b, and 16c become phase spaces 28, and each phase space 28 includes an on-off valve 5 and an opening 40 (see FIG. 12). Fluid such as water flows into each phase space 28 from the water (reference) and rotates while being stored in each phase space 28.
The connection form of the side walls 16 constituting each phase space 28 in the front-rear direction is such that the central side line part of the front curve 30 is connected to the central side line part of the rear curve 31, and the outer peripheral side line part of the front curve 30 is connected to the central side line part of the rear curve 31. are connected to the outer circumferential side line portion of the rear curve 31, so three three-dimensionally twisted phase reservoirs 6a, 6b, and 6c as shown in FIGS. 8(e) to 8(f) are formed, respectively. Ru.

The rear wall 15 constituting each phase reservoir 6 is constructed using the rear circular plate 12 of the inner cylindrical shell 11. That is, as shown in FIG. 8(c), each of the three spiral rear walls 15 is formed by using the wall surface of the rear circular plate 12 (see FIG. 9(c)). Similarly, the front wall 14 constituting each phase storage body 6 is constructed using a front circular plate 17 (see FIG. 9(b)). That is, as shown in FIG. 8(a), each of the three spiral-shaped front walls 14 is formed by using the wall surface of the front circular plate 17.
The configuration of this phase storage body allows for automatic movement of the water flow generated by the water's own weight (gravity), and changes in the gravity balance due to the movement of the water, which is always effective in the rotation range by highly efficient torque conversion. This naturally creates ``convection and stagnation.'' In other words, it has an automatic adjustment function that does not require a control system, eliminates the need for a pump system or adjustment control device, and makes it possible to realize more stable and highly accurate operation while simplifying the system structure.

Next, we will explain how this turbine device can automatically create "convection" and "retention" in the optimal form and generate stable torque without using a pump or control device.
The shape of the outer shell of the storage body in each of the three phase spaces 28 is such that the phase angle continues from the side where the phase angle lags (the left side of the inner cylindrical shell 11 in the drawing) to the side where the phase angle advances in a twisted manner. The space is shaped like a ``waterway'' that ``spreads out at the end'' and ``gently descends.''
As water moves naturally and automatically due to gravity, it is possible to intentionally adjust convection and stagnation by adjusting the descending angle and width of waterways. This is because once the shape of the reservoir is determined, the flow rate may be determined inevitably. Other requirements include the timing of the spatial movement of water, the spatial shape, the position of the spatial movement waterway (gate mechanism), and the opening/closing and switching points of the waterway. By optimizing the positioning and balance settings to produce the most efficient results, gravity can be used as the power source, eliminating the need for any other control equipment and allowing near-accurate, continuous operation.

(Example of operation of turbine device)
An example of the operation of the turbine device 1 will be described below with reference to FIGS. 14 to 20.
14(a) to (d) show the inside of the turbine device of the side walls 16a, 16b, 16c and the on-off valves 5a, 5b, 5c, which are performed by rotating the turbine device by 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°, respectively. FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the movement of.
15 to 20, (a) shows the inflow state seen from the front side, (b) shows the inflow state seen from an oblique direction, and (c) shows the inflow state seen from the rear side. are shown respectively.
As shown in FIG. 15, the position of the bearing body 8a of the on-off valve 5a corresponding to the first side wall 16a is 0° at the time of startup, that is, rotated 30° clockwise from (see FIG. 14(a)). In this state, water falling from above flows into the first side wall 16a through the opening 40 (see FIG. 12), and the first on-off valve 5a is closed due to the action of water pressure and gravity. become. In this state, as can be seen by comparing FIGS. 15(a) and 15(c), the bottom height position of the first side wall 16a on the rear side is higher than that of the first side wall on the front side. Since the bottom wall is inclined to be at a lower position than the bottom height position of 16a, the water flowing in moves downward to the rear. On the other hand, the second on-off valve 5b is brought into an open state by the action of gravity, leaves the state along the second side wall 16b, and comes into contact with the wall surface on the center side of the third side wall 16c. is in a state.
Further, the water falling from the supply port 22 hits the center side wall of the second side wall 16b, and is gradually diffused in the radial direction of the first side wall 16a to a position below the first side wall 16a. It accumulates in
In this case, since the water falling toward the first side wall 16b is configured to hit a large curvature part at the center of the first side wall 16b, most of the water that bounces back is absorbed into the phase reservoir. It is designed to flow into the body 6a.

Next, as shown in FIG. 16, when the position of the bearing body 8a of the first side wall 16a is rotated by 60 degrees from the time of startup, the second on-off valve 5b is rotated from the parallel state shown in FIG. The second side wall 16b is further tilted inward, and an opening is formed in the outer peripheral side wall of the second side wall 16b by the second on-off valve 5b. The phase of both the phase reservoir 6a composed of a side wall 16a and a second side wall 16b and the phase reservoir 6b composed of a second side wall 16b and a third side wall 16c. Water begins to flow into the reservoir 6. In addition, since the height position on the rear side of the phase storage body 6b is also low, water flows toward the rear side and is gradually stored.

Next, as shown in FIG. 17, when the position of the bearing body 8a of the first side wall 16a is rotated by 90 degrees from the time of startup, the side edge 33 of the first side wall 16a is in a horizontal position. By rotating the phase reservoir 6a by more than 90 degrees, water will overflow from the side edge 33 of the phase reservoir 6a through the opening 40. Since the inner cylindrical shell 11 has no opening through which water exits except the opening 40 provided on the front side of the turbine device 1, when the water flows out, a water flow is created in the phase storage body 6a to the front side. . On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 17(c), since a large amount of water is stored on the rear side of the phase storage bodies 6a and 6b, stable rotational torque can be generated.
As shown in FIG. 17(a), the annular space between the inner cylindrical shell 11 and the outer cylindrical shell 18 functions as a discharge passage 24, and water is discharged from the discharge port 23.
Further, in the state shown in FIG. 17, all of the falling water flows into the phase reservoir 6b.
In this way, the pattern of water injection into the phase reservoirs 6a and 6b, convection, retention, overflow from the side edge 33, and discharge from the opening 40 and the discharge port 23 is 0° to 90° (90° is the fluid flow rate). This occurs in the range of the instant of overflowing from the lateral edge 33). Moreover, such a phenomenon creates a "time difference" in the flow of fluid into the phase reservoirs 6a and 6b by the on-off valve 5. Furthermore, the supply of fluid by the second on-off valve 5b to the plurality of phase reservoirs 6a and 6b which are arranged before and after the rotation is performed simultaneously and in parallel.
Note that in one rotation of 360 degrees, a total of four rotational torque generation patterns are constantly repeated.

Next, as shown in FIG. 18, when the position of the bearing body 8a is rotated by 120 degrees from the time of startup, the second on-off valve 5b hangs down almost vertically within the phase reservoir 6b, and the phase reservoir Water flows and collects toward the rear side within the body 6b. Furthermore, as can be seen by comparing the state of FIG. 17(a) with the state of FIG. 18(a), and comparing the state of FIG. 17(c) with the state of FIG. 18(c), the phase accumulation occurs with rotation. Since the position of the water in the bodies 6a and 6b also moves in the lateral direction (left and right direction), the residence time can be increased and rotational torque can be easily generated.
Next, as shown in FIG. 19, when the bearing body 8a is rotated by 150 degrees from the time of startup, most of the water in the phase storage body 6a is flowing out, and gravity is not easily applied. However, since the amount of water stored in the phase storage body 6b increases, a stable rotational state can be maintained.
Next, as shown in FIG. 20, when the position of the bearing body 8a is rotated by 180 degrees from the time of startup, the third on-off valve 5c is open, so that the amount of water is increased in the plurality of phase reservoirs 6b and 6c. can be distributed. In this way, distribution, inflow, and discharge of water to the phase reservoirs 6a, 6b, and 6c are continuous, and rotation can be performed continuously by operating in the same manner from 180° to 360°. .
In addition, as shown in FIGS. 15 to 20, as the on-off valve 5 opens and closes, the on-off valve 5 itself also functions as a distributor for the fluid supplied to the phase reservoirs 6a, 6b, and 6c. I know that there is.

The water channel (gate mechanism) included in the distribution function section 36 according to the present embodiment is an important element in order to convert the vertically directed gravity vector into rotational torque with high efficiency without disturbing it. Specifically, in order to efficiently convert water that flows down in a straight line due to gravity into a circular orbit and convert it into torque, avoid as much as possible the form of water storage where the falling water collides and bounces back. Must be a structure. If the falling water hits the concave side of the blade for storage, all of the energy can be absorbed, so there is no problem, but during the rotation process, the concave side turns downward and the concave side becomes conversely raised When water flows down, there is inevitably a rotational range where energy is unavoidably wasted due to the water colliding with the engine and bouncing off or splashing around.
The above-mentioned water channel (gate mechanism) suppresses this, and basically hits the falling water at an angle of 30 degrees or more with respect to the vertical vector, preventing it from scattering in directions other than those that are effective for rotational torque. A gate hall has been constructed that straddles the space effortlessly to avoid any problems. However, if the gate hole is left open, it will be difficult to store it, and as a result, there will be a big problem in converting it into rotational torque. Therefore, the distribution function section 16 is configured with a "movable on-off valve 5" that is operated by gravity to solve these problems.
As described above, in the present invention, it is also possible to adopt a configuration in which the drive/control means for the "movable on-off valve 5" is not limited to gravity.

Further, the advantage of this embodiment is that the turbine device can highly efficiently utilize potential energy resources stored in fluids that have been overlooked in the past, such as short vertical drops of water, streams that flow due to the development of potential energy, and waterfalls. There are some points that can be provided.
Since it has a configuration that can convert the potential energy of a fluid into rotational energy with high efficiency, this embodiment is applicable not only to water but also to a wide range of technical fields that convert the potential energy of various fluids into kinetic energy. , it is possible to implement.

[Second embodiment]
21 to 23 are diagrams for explaining a turbine device in which the distribution function section 36 is composed of an inter-reservoir communication path 39 that connects a plurality of reservoirs, and a distribution pump 37.
As shown in FIG. 21, this turbine device has an inner cylindrical shell 11 similar to the Durbin device configured in the first embodiment, and a side wall 16 is provided on the front side of the front circular plate 17 and the rear side circular plate 12, respectively. It has a configuration that appears as a curve 30.30. In other words, these three reservoirs 90a, 90b, and 90c are reservoirs each having no twist angle θ and no extension angle φ.
As shown in FIG. 22, an inter-reservoir communication passage 39 that communicates a first inlet 92 in the first reservoir 90a with a first outlet 93 in the second reservoir 90b, and a first inlet 92 in the second reservoir 90b communicate with each other. An inter-reservoir communication path 39 that communicates the second inlet 94 with the second outlet 95 in the third reservoir 90c, and the third inlet 96 in the third reservoir 90c and the third outlet 97 in the first reservoir 90a. An inter-storage body communication path 39 is provided to communicate with the storage bodies. Distribution pumps P1, P2, and P3 are each provided at a predetermined position capable of moving fluid between the inlet and the outlet. FIG. 22 shows a configuration in which distribution pumps P1, P2, and P3 are provided in the inter-reservoir communication path 39. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 21, the respective inter-reservoir communication passages 39 and the distribution pumps P1, P2, P3 are shown to be provided closer to the front side of the turbine device.

In the configuration shown in FIG. 22, the sequence for operating this turbine device is to move water as shown in FIG. 23, thereby making it possible to generate strong and stable rotational torque over the entire rotation range.
As shown in FIG. 23(a), at the time of starting at 0°, water has already accumulated in the first reservoir 90a located at the upper right. If we assume that a state in which rotational torque is applied in the clockwise direction is considered as a 0° start, then in this 0° state, the dielectric generator begins to rotate slowly while receiving resistance from the rotating shaft to rotate the shaft. The weight of water at 0° is the peak point of the storage state that is most effective for rotational torque conversion, and at 0° in Fig. 23(a), the P1 pump starts operating, and the water is located on the left side. Water starts moving into the second storage body 90b.
In addition, in the rotation range from 0° to 30° shown in Figures 23(a) to (b), the gravity follows or parallels the direction of water flow, so there is almost no pump operating load on P1, and other P2 and P3 pumps are not in operation, so naturally there is no operating load on them.
On the other hand, in the rotation range from 30 degrees to 60 degrees shown in FIGS. 23(b) to 23(c), a slight pumping load is applied.

Furthermore, although the maximum pumping load is applied from 60° to 90° as shown in FIGS. 23(c) to 23(d), water spatially moves toward the second storage body 90b in this 90° rotation range. As a result, even if the entire storage body obtains a force in the direction of rotation, and the water storage position in a single space becomes a position unfavorable to rotational torque conversion, another storage body 90 is always moved with a minimum moving load. Torque conversion state can be achieved with stable maximum efficiency. In other words, in terms of weight balance, it is possible to convert the force that is constantly subjected to the most important load in the entire rotation range into rotational torque.
During one 360° rotation, P2 and P3 pumps operate in the same way as P1 shown in Figure 23 at appropriate times, and this 90° rotation pattern is repeated four times, resulting in stable torque conversion over the entire rotation range. can be made possible.
In addition, in FIGS. 21 to 23, the structure is such that water does not enter from above, but the supply port 22 (not shown), the discharge port 23 (not shown), and the outer cylindrical shell 18 (not shown) may be ), and water enters from the supply port 22 and is discharged from the discharge port 23.
In this configuration, in addition to the configuration of the first embodiment, in order to generate more rotational torque, a reservoir plate connecting path 39 is provided between the plurality of reservoirs as appropriate, and the distribution pump 37 is driven. .

[Third embodiment]
The third embodiment is a continuous type turbine device that utilizes a siphon phenomenon.
In this third embodiment, a plurality of turbine devices having turbine blades (storage bodies) of various shapes and extracting the potential energy of a fluid as kinetic energy are arranged in a substantially horizontal direction, and each turbine device is communicated with each other. In this configuration, a fluid communication passage is provided, a siphon type communication passage using a siphon phenomenon is provided in at least a part of the fluid communication passage, and rotation of a plurality of turbine devices is realized based on the siphon phenomenon.
In addition, as a broad concept, "turbine blades (storage bodies) of various shapes" can also be understood as an example of a conversion means that converts the potential energy of falling fluid into practical kinetic energy such as rotational energy.
Such energy conversion means are housed in a container with falling fluid, such as a turbine arrangement that extracts kinetic energy.
Examples of the energy conversion means include devices and elements such as means for converting pressure fluctuations caused by a fluid, positional fluctuations of a converter due to falling fluid, and electromagnetic field fluctuations for a coil or the like into energy. A piezo element etc. can be illustrated as such an example.

Before describing the third embodiment, the siphon phenomenon when a plurality of water storage tanks is provided will be described.
The siphon phenomenon generally occurs when water is flowed through a pipe connecting a high starting point and a low destination point. Explanations for the occurrence of the siphon phenomenon include those that emphasize atmospheric pressure and the difference in gravity that affects the amount of water in the pipe due to height differences within the pipe. Although there are many cases, in this embodiment, emphasis is placed on phenomena that actually occur.

As an example of the siphon phenomenon, as shown in FIG. 24, in three water storage tanks 70a, 70b, and 70c located at approximately the same height, a siphon phenomenon occurs from the lower position of the water storage tank 70 on the upstream side to the downstream side. Consider a case where a communicating path 71 is provided in the upper part of a certain water storage tank 70 and each water storage tank 70a, 70b, 70c is filled with water 69. In such a case, all the spaces in each water storage tank 70a, 70b, 70c and the communication path 71 are filled with water (not shown), or as shown in FIG. , 70b, 70c are filled with a certain amount of water on the lower side and air on the upper side. Then, as shown in FIG. 24, a discharge path 74 connected to the water storage tank 70a on the most downstream side is provided, and when the valve body 72 provided in the discharge path 74 is closed, as shown in FIG. When the valve body 72 is opened, air 73 is sucked in from the communication passage 71 provided at the upper part of the water storage tank 70c, and the height position of the water in the water storage tanks 70a and 70b hardly changes. , a phenomenon occurs in which water continuously flows out from the discharge channel 74.

FIG. 26 is a diagram showing a configuration in which water storage tanks 70a, 70b, and 70c are connected and connected in the vertical direction via a conduit 77.
As can be seen by comparing the siphon phenomenon in FIGS. 24 and 25 with FIG. 26, if the water storage tanks 70a, 70b, 70c70 are arranged approximately horizontally and the siphon phenomenon as described above is repeated, the structure shown in FIG. This creates a fluid flow phenomenon that is almost the same as stacking up and down in the vertical direction.
If the configuration uses the siphon phenomenon shown in Figures 24 and 25, various conditions must be met to create a system that can repeatedly obtain potential energy by simply arranging each storage tank in a substantially horizontal direction without using pumping energy. This can be achieved by preparing the following.

Furthermore, an example of the concept of the siphon phenomenon will be explained regarding a continuous turbine system using a siphon type communication passage. Note that this way of thinking is just a thought experiment, and the present invention is not limited to this way of thinking.
Originally, it is an accepted theory that under the natural action of gravity, water absolutely only flows from top to bottom. In the siphon phenomenon shown in Figures 24 and 25, depending on the positional relationship of the water, the way of piping, and the surrounding environment, water flows from the bottom to the top in the exact opposite direction of gravity, even without external pressurization such as a pump. The fact that even a stream of water with a considerable flow rate rises to a certain height is a phenomenon that can be easily verified and confirmed in practice.

However, according to the law of conservation of energy, this phenomenon is caused by the potential energy stored at the top being temporarily sucked up by gravity, and the water flowing and falling below its original position, causing the potential energy to decrease. It is said that this happens when the water is consumed, and unless water falls to the top and replenishes the amount of potential energy consumed, the flow of the siphon phenomenon will naturally stop.
As long as we actually observe this series of phenomena, it is said that ``the law of conservation of energy is absolutely true,'' but when we consider the time axis as well, the law of conservation of energy is contradictory. Therefore, it is considered to be incomplete as an energy calculation calculation.
I think this is because they are only validating the results of an extreme stationary state due to one-dimensional positional relationships.

As a question for general verification, when water is moving due to the siphon effect, a considerable amount of water with mass is moving up and down, so instantaneous e = mv ² First, the fact that a considerable amount of kinetic energy is generated is ignored.
Next, when the water stops falling and the siphon phenomenon ends, it is impossible to regenerate the total amount of potential energy consumed by the falling mass and suck it up to the position before it fell. There are several points.
Then, in the same amount of time it took to fall, with no errors or frictional losses, and no other energy expended, return the entire amount of water that fell to its original position, i.e., with the same acceleration, against the gravitational acceleration. If you consider the "pumping energy" required to pump water upward at an increased speed, it is completely out of proportion.

Specifically, in actual calculations, for example, if there is a solid substance with a mass of 1 kg at a height of 1 meter, the potential energy calculated by Watts is 9.8 W (W=J/s). If 1J is the kinetic energy of a 1kg object with a force of 1N at a gravitational acceleration of 9.8m/s ² and the object's velocity reaches 1m/s 1 second after it reaches 1m below, then it is true that Phenomena similar to this occur and are useful as a reference, but I don't think it holds true in the fluid motion of extremely minute molecules such as water.
It is difficult to imagine that it would take an "explosive" amount of energy to pump 1 kg of water, or 1 liter of water, to a height of 1 meter in 1 second and return it in a normal atmosphere of 1 atmospheric pressure on the ground. do not have.
In addition, even if it is not explosive, for example, by using a pump with a relatively appropriate pumping power that can pump 1 liter of water to a position of 1 meter in 10 seconds, the original potential energy can be recovered by pumping water. Even if the pump is an unrealistically high-performance pump with 100% power efficiency, in order to regenerate potential energy, it will require 9.8W x 10 seconds, which is well 10 times 98W. This would require more energy.

In other words, it is necessary to perform calculations that take into account the state of motion of each substance based on the "time axis," and when designing a power system, it is preferable to design according to their unique characteristics.
Note that the configuration of this embodiment, which will be described below, is considered with emphasis on the phenomenon in which effective energy is generated by the siphon phenomenon, and for the purpose of effectively utilizing the siphon phenomenon.
That is, we propose a turbine system in which a plurality of turbine devices are connected at approximately the same height position as shown in FIGS. 27 to 29 as an example.

(Connected turbine system using natural fluid fall)
Hereinafter, with reference to FIG. 27, a continuous turbine system 62 using natural fluid fall, which is an example of the third embodiment, will be described.
As shown in FIG. 27, a first upper reservoir 54a into which the upper water (fluid 4) flows is provided above the first turbine device 1a, and a first turbine device 1a is provided at a lower position of the upper reservoir 54a. An upper connection passage 55a for supplying water to the supply port 22a is provided. Water discharged from the discharge port 23a of the first turbine device 1a is stored in the first lower storage tank 57a via the lower connection passage 56a. Here, the upper connection passage 55a and the lower connection passage 56a may be omitted as appropriate.

Furthermore, a rising passage 58 attached to the outlet 45 at a position lower than the height of the water put into the first lower storage tank 57a and a connecting passage located at a position higher than the supply port 22b of the second turbine device 1b. It communicates with 59. The downstream side of the connection passage 59 is connected to the supply port 22b of the second turbine device 1b. The connecting passage 59 is shown to be U-shaped.
The rising passage 58 and the connecting passage 59 constitute an example of the above-mentioned siphon type communication passage.
Further, a second lower storage tank 57b is provided below the second turbine device 1b, and the water in the second lower storage tank 57 is discharged from the discharge port 46 of the second lower storage tank 57b through the discharge passage 61.
With this configuration, when water flows out from the discharge passage 61 provided in the second lower storage tank 57b according to the siphon principle, the turbine blades of the two turbine devices 1a and 1b rotate, and each generates electricity. It can be performed.
In addition, in FIG. 27, the fluid path communication passage 80 is configured to include at least a passage through which fluid flows from the upstream side to the downstream side. In this embodiment, the fluid path communication path 80 is used as a concept including the first upper storage tank 54a, the lower storage tanks 57a and 57b, the siphon type communication path, the return path 65, and the like.

In this system 62, it is possible to simultaneously run many power generation devices in a chain from a water source with a small flow rate that is poured by the natural fall of power water due to gravity, and it is possible to easily increase the power generation output. .
The upper storage tank 54a shown in FIG. 27, which stores power water, is designed to prevent excess air from entering or leaking from the turbine module, thereby preventing the stabilization of the water level in the downstream storage tank that functions as a siphon. It is set up to do so.
Furthermore, if the amount of the original water source poured by gravity is equal to or greater than the amount of water coming out from the final outlet 46 of the siphon chain, the connected turbine system 62 using this siphon phenomenon will operate stably. As a result, stable power generation can continue.

Note that in the configuration shown in FIG. 27, the second upper storage tank 54b (not shown) is omitted, and a configuration in which only the second lower storage tank 57b is provided is shown.
However, like the first stage configuration, the second upper storage tank 54b (not shown) is provided at a higher position than the supply port 22b of the second turbine device 1b, and the siphon type communication path is connected to the second upper storage tank 54b. A configuration in which it communicates with a storage tank 54b (not shown) can also be adopted.
In addition, in the configuration shown in FIG. 27, the highest position of the connection passage 59 is shown to reach the first upper storage tank 54a, but at least the highest position of the connection passage 59 reaches the first upper storage tank 54a. Any configuration may be used as long as it is located at a higher position and can supply water to the supply port 22b.

Note that a generator 3 is attached to the rotating shaft 2 of each of the first-stage and second-stage turbine devices 1.
The number of elements 67 in the second and subsequent stages shown in FIG. , can be concatenated.
FIG. 28 illustrates such a configuration, and is a diagram showing a configuration in which four turbine devices 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d are arranged in series. In addition, in FIG. 28, since both the aforementioned front curve and the rear curve twisted at the twist angle θ are drawn, a total of six side walls 16 are drawn, three on the front side and three on the rear side. It is shown in the figure.

(Connected turbine system with fluid return passage and pump)
As a modification of the third embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 27 and 29, a return passage 65 for returning fluid from the turbine device on the downstream side to the turbine device on the upstream side and a pump 66 for circulating the fluid are provided. A continuous turbine system will be explained.
To explain the features of this configuration using the example of FIG. 27, a return passage 65 shown by a broken line in FIG. The water is returned to the upper storage tank 54a.
That is, by connecting the water discharged from the final discharge passage 61 of the connected turbine system to the first water intake part of the siphon chain using a pump 66 that operates with small electric power and has a small-scale pumping function. More siphon chain elements 67 can be connected.
Further, the configuration shown in FIG. 29 shows a turbine system in which four turbine devices 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d are connected through a fluid path communication path 80. In this configuration, the first upper storage tank 54a is not provided in the upper part of the first turbine device 1a, and the water returned by the pump 66 is directly communicated with the supply port 22 of the first turbine device 1a. There is.

The advantages of this system including return passage 65 and pump 66 are as follows.
First, since the water circulates within the connected turbine system, there is no need to constantly secure fresh water to fall, and there is no need to consider the supply of water from a high location.
Next, as a second point, if the above-mentioned principle of siphoning due to natural fall is used, the number of turbine devices 1 that can be installed in series will be limited due to the generation of gas dissolved in water during the depressurization caused by the siphon phenomenon, and the passage between water and water. Since various resistance factors such as internal surface tension have a considerable influence, it is necessary to take this into consideration. In this embodiment, by adding a pump 66 that has a small-scale pumping function that operates with small electric power as a power source to actively support the chain siphon phenomenon, the number of continuous installations can be reduced compared to natural fall. It can be increased compared to the configuration.
In addition, the power generation efficiency of the system can be improved by using a type of fluid that can reduce the amount of gas that dissolves into the fluid when the pressure is reduced, and reduce various resistance factors such as surface tension between the fluid and the passage. You can also do it.

In the present invention, the potential energy possessed by solid substances and the potential energy possessed by fluids such as water are determined based on the time axis affected by gravity as a physical phenomenon that actually occurs, as described above. There are completely different characteristics and transition forms in the correlation between ``consumption'' and ``generation (regeneration) through conversion.''
In particular, for non-solid liquid substances such as water and air, by changing or creating special flows such as convection and stagnation, we can create an effect that overlaps the dynamic changes of fluid substances with mass over time. By causing this, it is possible to fill in the blank torque area that cannot be filled in by the general modern theory.
Specifically, the idea of the present invention makes it possible to efficiently supplement and fill in "blank areas that cannot be filled" using, for example, the following four methodologies and systems.

The first methodology is to use a blade shape that utilizes the phase curve shown in Figure 2(d) to increase the amount of storage over time, resulting in a significant amount of water as shown in Figure 7(c). This makes it possible to fill in the blank areas.
The second methodology is a "distorted space" in which a two-dimensional phase curve as explained in the first embodiment is given a three-dimensional phase angle and a "twist" is added to the configuration of the first methodology. ” is being created. Then, each "distorted space" is installed in an integrated form, and by using the accurate flow of water due to natural gravity, the opening and closing of the inlet to each space is controlled in a timely manner, and the inflow timing of powered water is controlled. It is configured to delay or accelerate the With this configuration, the "fluid center of gravity" of water always stays at a position that is effective for rotational torque conversion, and by extracting instantaneous motion energy that exceeds simple potential energy and then discharging it, most blank areas can be removed. It makes it possible to fill in. For example, by switching the reservoir waterway at the above timing to a distorted space with a twist of 60° phase angle, stable torque output performance can be achieved over the entire 360° rotation range.
FIG. 30 is an explanatory diagram thereof. In the region indicated by the 0° to 180° rotation range β, a rectangular region 87 corresponding to a relative torque of 1.0 on the vertical axis is almost filled by four chevron curves 86. This shows that stable torque output can be obtained by providing a distribution function section and switching the reservoir waterway as described above.

As mainly explained in the second embodiment, the third methodology is a configuration that does not use a distorted space that is twisted like the second methodology. In other words, by using a pump means such as an electric pump, the inter-reservoir communication passage 39 is provided so that the "center of gravity" of the power water flowing into each space is always at a position effective for rotational torque conversion. By setting the flow rate per unit time that is spatially moved at appropriate timing, it is possible to achieve torque conversion performance superior to that of the second method depending on various setting conditions.
However, since additional energy is required to operate the pump, it must be noted that the ``load on the amount of water pumped due to the difference in pumping height'' that occurs instantaneously accounts for most of the energy required to operate the pump. Since most of the moving process does not require this load, there may be a configuration in which the total amount of generated energy and the gain power obtained by subtracting the energy for operating the pump are positive.
Furthermore, since it is greatly affected by the performance of the pump and the way the piping is installed, this system alone cannot clearly improve the torque conversion efficiency as shown in the first and second methodologies above, that is, the amount of energy generated per unit time. In some cases, it may not be possible to contribute to the stabilization of

The fourth methodology is to use an articulated system that mainly utilizes the siphon phenomenon as described in the third embodiment. Note that, if necessary, by combining the above-mentioned first, second, and third methods, it is possible to further increase the torque conversion efficiency from a different perspective.
Each of the systems described in the first, second, and third methodologies also makes it possible to increase the efficiency of torque conversion from gravity in each unique system configuration. In each methodology, if you look at it roughly, it is possible to further amplify torque by using the potential energy of water due to gravity, the ``kinetic energy of water flow'', i.e., convection, etc., and the weight balance due to the time difference due to retention. It can also be said that they have something in common. This basic idea is as explained in the comparison of FIGS. 6(a) and 6(b).
In particular, by linking the configurations of the second and third methodologies with the configuration of the articulated system described in the third embodiment, it is possible to utilize the siphon phenomenon that does not require other motive energy due to gravity or atmospheric pressure. A preferred configuration can be realized. In other words, it becomes possible to improve torque conversion efficiency, that is, energy conversion efficiency, to another dimension without being bound by the conventional general law of conservation of energy.

Although the present invention has been described above by exemplifying the embodiments, the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the configuration described in the above embodiments. The technical scope of the present invention should be determined based on the claims, and it goes without saying that various modifications, additions of configurations, and improvements can be made within that scope.

1: Turbine device 2: Rotating shaft 4: Fluid 5: Opening/closing valve (an example of a distribution function part)
6, 6a, 6b, 6c: Phase storage body 10: Opening/closing door (an example of an opening/closing valve)
11: Inner cylindrical shell 12: Rear circular plate 13: Cylindrical plate 14: Front wall 15: Rear wall 16: Side wall 17: Front circular plate 22: Supply port 30: Front curve 31: Back curve 33: Side Side edge of wall 36: Distribution function section 37: Distribution pump 38: Communication port between reservoirs (an example of distribution function section)
39: Inter-reservoir communication path (an example of a distribution function part)
40: Opening 54a: First upper storage tank 57a: First lower storage tank 57b: Second lower storage tank 58: Rising passage (passage forming part of the siphon communication passage)
59: Connection passage (passage that forms part of the siphon type communication passage)
65: Return passage 66: Pump 80: Fluid communication passage 90, 90a, 90b, 90c: Reservoir θ: Torsion angle φ: Extension angle

Claims (20)

1. A turbine device that rotates a plurality of reservoirs that store the fluid and that are fixed to a rotating shaft by gravity related to the fluid,
   A turbine device comprising: a distribution function section that distributes the fluid between the plurality of reservoirs so as to effectively change the rotational torque around the rotational axis.
2. a supply port for supplying the fluid supplied from above to the reservoir;
   an opening for introducing the fluid into the reservoir from the supply port;
   the reservoir is comprised of a phase reservoir;
   The phase reservoir is a reservoir for the fluid that is configured to include a front wall, a rear wall, and a side wall, and spreads in the direction in which the rotation axis extends,
   In the front curve of the side wall that appears when viewed from the front side and the rear curve of the side wall that appears when viewed from the rear side, the phase of the rear curve is compared to the phase of the front curve. , rotated so as to advance in the rotation direction by a twist angle around the rotation axis, and extend a peripheral area of the rear curve by an extension angle;
   The side wall of the phase storage body connects the front curve and the rear curve rotated by the twist angle and extended by the extension angle in the front-rear direction with a three-dimensionally twisted wall surface. The turbine device according to claim 1, characterized in that the turbine device is configured by:
3. The distribution function section is configured with an on-off valve, and the on-off valve is provided in a peripheral area of the side wall of the phase storage body, and the on-off valve is configured such that when the phase storage body is in an upper position, Claim 2, characterized in that the opening/closing valve is opened to take the fluid into the phase reservoir, and when rotating downward, the opening/closing valve is closed so as not to leak the accumulated fluid. The turbine device described.
4. The turbine apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the on-off valve distributes the fluid between the phase reservoir at a position advanced in rotation angle and the phase reservoir at a position delayed in rotation angle.
5. 3. The front curve and the rear curve are both spiral curves in which the radial position of the curve extending from the center of rotation gradually increases as it rotates in the circumferential direction. Turbine equipment.
6. 6. The turbine apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the plurality of phase reservoirs are comprised of three phase reservoirs mounted at 120° intervals around the rotating shaft.
7. The torsion angle and the extension angle of the rear curve were set so that the side edges of the side walls of the phase reservoir, through which the fluid overflows as the phase reservoir rotates, are horizontal. The turbine device according to claim 2, characterized in that: .
8. The torsion angle and the extension of the rear curve are such that the side edges of the side walls of the phase reservoir, through which the fluid overflows as the phase reservoir rotates, are parallel to the axis of rotation. The turbine device according to claim 2, characterized in that the turbine device has an angle.
9. The turbine device according to claim 3, wherein the on-off valve is configured with an on-off door that is driven by the action of gravity.
10. The phase reservoir is formed using a cylindrical shell that rotates about the rotation axis,
    The cylindrical shell is composed of a front circular plate, a rear circular plate, and a cylindrical plate,
    3. The turbine apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the cylindrical shell is provided with the opening at a front or rear end position of the phase reservoir.
11. A serially connected turbine system comprising a plurality of the turbine devices according to claim 2.
12. 12. The connected turbine system according to claim 11, wherein the plurality of turbine devices each have a fluid path communication path that allows the fluid to flow from at least an upstream side to a downstream side in the flow of the fluid. .
13. 13. The continuous turbine system according to claim 12, wherein at least a portion of the fluid passage communication passage is provided with a siphon type communication passage using a siphon phenomenon.
14. The continuous turbine system according to claim 12, further comprising: a return passage that returns the fluid of the turbine device on the downstream side to the turbine device on the upstream side; and a pump that circulates the fluid. .
15. A serial turbine system having a configuration in which a plurality of the turbine devices are arranged horizontally,
    a first upper storage tank provided above the first turbine device on the upstream side and containing the fluid falling from above;
    a first lower reservoir provided at a position below the first turbine device and containing the fluid discharged from the first turbine device;
    a siphon-type communication path that communicates from a lower position of the first lower storage tank to the supply port of the fluid of the second turbine device on the downstream side;
    a second lower reservoir containing the fluid discharged from the second turbine device at a position below the second turbine device;
    The continuous arrangement according to claim 12, wherein the first turbine device and the second turbine device are rotated by flowing the fluid from the second lower storage tank using a siphon phenomenon. type turbine system.
16. 16. The continuous type according to claim 15, wherein a second upper storage tank is provided above the second turbine device, and the siphon type communication passage is communicated with the second upper storage tank. turbine system.
17. 16. The continuous system according to claim 15, further comprising a return passage for returning the fluid flowing out from the second lower storage tank to the first upper storage tank, and a pump for circulating the fluid flowing out. type turbine system.
18. 13. The connected turbine system according to claim 12, wherein the plurality of turbine devices are connected in a vertical direction via the fluid path communication path.
19. The turbine device according to claim 1, wherein the distribution function section has an inter-storage body communication port that communicates between the plurality of storage bodies.
20. The turbine device according to claim 19, further comprising a distribution pump that distributes the fluid between the plurality of reservoirs in a manner effective for changing the rotational torque.