JP5697027B2 - マウス網膜上への細胞膜傷害複合体(mac)生成のヒト化モデル、並びに、黄斑変性の処置のための組成物とキットと方法 - Google Patents
マウス網膜上への細胞膜傷害複合体(mac)生成のヒト化モデル、並びに、黄斑変性の処置のための組成物とキットと方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
ここの実施例のデータは、CD59が、MACを抑制するように働き、網膜細胞の溶解を防いでいることを示している。CD59は、ヒトの赤血球と、リンパ球と、血管内皮細胞とを含む細胞の膜に関連して見出された、膜結合糖タンパク質である。CD59タンパク質は、MACの機能の組み立てを抑制し、これゆえ、補体媒介活性化及び/又は溶解から細胞を保護している。
ここでの発明の種々の実施例において、AMDを処置するための方法が、与えられている。該方法は、CD59タンパク質のソース、又は、インビボでのCD59発現のソース、を含んでいる医薬組成物によって細胞又は組織に接触することを含んでいる。例えば、CD59タンパク質は、組換えによって作られたタンパク質として投与される。“組換え体”という語は、例えば、微生物のような、遺伝子組換え生物の操作によって生成されたタンパク質を表すものである。
5,139,941、4,797,368に記載されている。遺伝子送達でのAAVの使用は、更に、LaFace等による論文“Virology”、162(2):483 486、1988年と、Zhou等による論文“Exp.Hematol”、21:928 933、1993年と、Flotte等による論文“Am.J.Respir.Cell Mol.Biol.”、7(3):349 356、1992年と、Walsh等による論文“J.Clin.Invest”、94:1440 1448、1994年と、に記載されている。
本発明は、また、ヒトMACに特有の抗体を使用し、免疫組織化学によって網膜の上でMAC沈着の範囲を測定することによって、黄斑変性の存在または進行を診断又は予後診断することに関するものである。“抗体”という語は、ここでは、全ての抗体と、任意の抗原結合性フラグメント(即ち、“抗体結合部分”)又はこれらの単一の鎖、を含む物として表されている。自然に生成している“抗体”は、ジスルフィド結合によって相互接続されている、少なくとも2つの重鎖(H)と、2つの軽鎖(L)とを含んでいる糖タンパク質である。
本発明のある観点は、CD59タンパク質又はCD59タンパク質発現のソースを含んでいる医薬組成物を与える。ある実施例において、これらの組成物は、随意に、更に、1又はそれ以上の追加の治療薬を含んでいる。ある実施例において、追加の治療薬、複数の治療薬は、次のグループから選択される。即ち、該グループは、成長因子、抗炎症剤、一酸化窒素とカルシウムチャネルブロッカーを含むが、これに限らない昇圧剤、コラゲナーゼインヒビター、局所用のステロイド、マトリックスメタロプロテイナーゼインヒビター、アスコルビン酸塩、アンギオテンシンII、アンギオテンシンIII、カルレティキュリン、テトラサイクリン、フィブロネクチン、コラーゲン、トロンボスポンジン、トランスフォーミング成長因子(TGF)、ケラチン生成細胞成長因子(KGF)、線維芽細胞成長因子(FGF)、インシュリン様成長因子(IGF)、IGF結合タンパク質(IGFBPs)、上皮細胞増殖因子(EGF)、血小板由来成長因子(PDGF)、neu分化要因(NDF)、肝細胞増殖因子(HGF)、血管内皮成長因子(VEGF)、ヘパリン結合性EGF(HBEGF)、トロンボスポンジン、フォンウィルブラント要因C、ヘパリンとヘパリン硫酸塩と、ヒアルロン酸と、から成る。
ここで与えられている方法によるAMD処置は、医薬組成物を備えている網膜色素細胞に接触することを含んでいる。前記医薬組成物は、例えば、活性剤として、CD59タンパク質又はCD59タンパク質の発現のソースを有している、所望の結果を達成するのに必要な、量と時間、被験者に必要なだけの、治療的に有効な量の医薬組成物を投与するものである。
望ましい投与量内の適切な薬学的に許容可能な担体によって処方されたように、ここで与えられた医薬組成物は、人又は他の動物に、(溶液、軟膏又はドロップによって)眼に、経鼻的に、“頬側に、経口で、経直腸的に、非経口的に、嚢内に、膣内に、そして、腹腔内に、投与される。
CD59タンパク質又はCD59タンパク質のインビボでの発現のソースを含む組成物は、AMDを処置するのに有効である、ということが下記実例によって示される。インビトロ及びインビボでのヒトMAC沈着の測定の、ヒト化マウスモデルは、下記実例に示されており、このモデルは、ヒトCD59タンパク質を発現するベクターによってヒトMACの有害な沈着から、マウスRPEの保護を測定するのに用いることができる。
ヒトCD59cDNAは、American Type Tissue Culture Collection (ATCC、Manassas,VA)から得られ、XhoI部位(下線部分;5’ccccctcgagtggacaatcacaatggg3’、SEQ ID NO:1)を含んでいるフォワードプライマーと、EcoRV部位(下線部分;5’cccccgatatcaacggggagtttgggagaa3’、SEQ ID NO:2)を備えてるリバースプライマーと、を用いているPCR増幅から得られた。
ヒト胚網膜芽培養細胞株911は、10%ウシ胎仔血清(FBS)によって補充されたダルベッコ・モディファイド・イーグル・培地(DMEM)内に維持され、マウスヘパトーマ培養細胞株hepa−1c1c7(ATCC、Manassas、VA)は、10%FBSによって補充されたα―MEM内に維持されている。細胞は、95%空気雰囲気中、5%二酸化炭素の環境下、37度で加湿インキュベータ内で培養された。
細胞は、50mM、トリス塩酸、pH8.0/150mM、塩化ナトリウム/0.1%ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム/2%(v:v)プロテアーゼ阻害カクテル(Sigma−Aldrich、St.Louis、MO)を含んでいる、1%トリトンX−100内に、溶解された。細胞からの培地は、集められ、遠心分離され、残っている細胞残屑を除去するため、0.22μmフィルター又は図示されているような他のフィルターを通される。培地は、10,000ダルトン孔サイズのBiomax遠心分離フィルタ(Millipore Corporation、Billerica、MA)を用いて10倍に濃縮される。溶解は、15%トリスグリシンSDS−PAGE(ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム・ポリアクリルアミドゲル電気泳動)ジェル(Bio−Rad Laboratories、Hercules、CA)上で、非還元状態下、ゲル電気泳動によって解析される。タンパク質は、フッ化ポリビニリデン(PVDF)細胞膜(Millipore、Billerica、MA)に移された。5%(w:v)スキムミルク(Becton Dickinson、Sparks、MD)内でブロッキングしているとき、膜は、マウス抗ヒトCD59モノクローナル抗体(1:1000ダルトン、Clone Mem−43、Abcam、Cambridge、MA)を用い、次に、第2抗体西洋わさびペルオキシターゼ共役やぎ抗マウス抗体(1:10000ダルトン、Jackson Immunoresearch、West Grove、PA)を用いることによって、ヒトCD59を探索した。上述したように、ストリッピング、ブロッキングの後、同じ細胞膜が、マウス項βアクチンタンクローン抗体(1:5000ダルトン、Clone AC−15、Sigma−Aldrich、St.Louis、MO)を用いてβアクチンを探索した。第2検出は、上述したように実行された。
正常なヒト血清(NHS)は、Sigma(St.Louis,MO)からの凍結乾燥形態で購入され、粉末の得られたヒト血漿のものと等量の血清を得るため、(メーカーの説明書によって)1mlの冷たい滅菌脱イオン水でもどされる。43CH50ユニット/ml、又は、74CH50ユニット/mlの溶血性力価を、それぞれ、有している(KabatとMayerとの方法を使用しているメーカーによって測定される)、結果として得られるヒト血清のロットは、等分され、−80度で保存される。43CH50ユニット/mlの溶血性の力値を有する第1ロットは、hepa−1c1c7細胞による実験で用いられた。74CH50ユニット/mlの溶血性の力値を有する第2ロットは、他の実験に用いられた。
マウスhepa―1c1c7細胞は、3日間培養され、ポリDリジン被覆・チャンバースライド(Becton Dickinson、Franklin Lakes、NJ)内で、AdCAGGFP(負の対照)又はAdCAGCD59に接触させることによって事前処置され、1倍のPBSによって2度洗浄された。細胞は、その後、1、3、5、7又は10分間、37度で、GVB++(Complement Technology、Tyler、TX)内で、10%(v:v)NHS又はHI−NHSを使ってインキュベートされた。
前記、固定された細胞又は組織は、優しく回転振動しつつ、2.5時間、6%(w:v)正常やぎ血清(Jackson Immunoresearch、West Grove、PA)を含んでいる1倍のPBS内で、(各々1:50ダルトン、Abcam、Cambridge、MAの)ヒトCD59(クローンM−43)又はヒトC5b−9(クローンaE11)に対する一次マウスモノクローナル抗体によってインキュベートされた。第2検出は、暗室内で、1.5時間の間、Cy3共役やぎ抗マウス抗体(1:400ダルトン、Jackson、Immunoresearch、West Grove、PA)を用いることによって実行された。
細胞は、血清を除去するために洗浄された後、5分間、0.1%のトリパンブルー溶液内でインキュベートされることを除いて、前記実例内に記載されたように、細胞培養内でMAC沈着アッセイのために処置された。細胞は、その後、1倍のPBSによって2度洗浄され、前記実例に記載したように固定される。
マウス(C57BJ/6J)は、Jackson Laboratories(Bar Harbor、ME)から購入され、12時間の明暗サイクルで、育てられ、保持される。マウスは、キシラジン(10mg/ml)/ケタミン(1mg/ml)の腹腔内注入によって麻酔がなされた。網膜下注射は、5μlのガラス製注射筒(Hamilton、Reno、NV)に取り付けられた32ゲージ注射器と共に、経強膜的、経脈絡膜的アプローチを用い、Andersonによる“Am J Ophthalmol.”134:411−431、2002年に記載されているように、実行された。1μlの、9分のAdEMPTYと1分のAdCAGGFP(全部で3×108ベクター粒子、対照)の対照混合物、又は、〜9分のAdCAGCD59と1分のAdCAGGFP(全部で3×108ベクター粒子)の混合物は、各被験マウスに注入された。
注入による事前処置のための投与6日後、マウスは、CO2吸収によって犠牲になり、目が採取され、ペニシリン(100U/ml)とストレプトマイシン(100U/ml)とを含んでいる、1倍のPBS内に置かれた。円形の切開が、鋸状縁の後ろ1乃至2mm形成され、レンズを含んでいる完全な前房は、慎重に除去された。神経節の軸索を切るため、視神経の基部で、小さな切開を形成した後、網膜は、除去され、眼杯組織は、(CD59免疫組織化学用に)一晩中、リン酸緩衝液(pH7.4)内の、4%パラホルムアルデヒドで直ちに固定され、又は、1時間、4℃で、冷たいGVB++(Complement Technology、Tyler、TX)内に、25μg/mlのやぎ抗マウスEMMPRIN抗体(R&D Systems、Minneapolis、MN)によって、インキュベートされる。
体内で、マウスRPEと網膜とを事前処置するために、ヒトCD59(hCD59)を送達するため、チキンβアクチン(CAG)プロモーター(ADCAGCD59ヴェクター、図1A)の制御下において、hCD59cDNAを含んでいる第1代血清型5アデノウィルスが、製造された。2つの負のアデノウィルス対照ベクター、即ち、CAGプロモーターの制御下でGFPを発現しているAdCAGGFPと、AdEMPTYとが、また、作られた(図1A)。これらのベクターは、アデノウィルスの領域E1内で欠失部分を有するように、作られており、それ故、パッケージング細胞の外側に複製欠失が存在するものである。
AdCAGCD59ベクターから発現されたhCD59の機能活性を試験するため、ヒト血清細胞溶解アッセイが、マウスhepa−1c1c7上で実行された。細胞懸濁は、細胞を補体へと曝露するため、(非補体特異的溶解用対照として)NHS又はHI−NHSによってインキュベートされる。%細胞溶解は、FACS解析によって検出され、定量化されたように、PIの摂取によって測定される。
前述の実例のデータは、正常なヒト血清マウスhepa−1c1c7細胞のインキュベーションが、補体活性化と広範な細胞溶解を導き、この溶解が、組換えヒトCD59がこれらのセル内で発現したときに、有効に抑制される、ということを示している。
MAC沈着アッセイは、AMD損傷の及ぶ範囲又はAMD用の潜在力をアッセイするためにマウス眼組織を使用する目的で、そして、AMDを処置又は防ぐためのスクリーン剤として用いるために、開発された。
MAC沈着と保護との作用を、更に、調べるため、一次(0継代)マウスRPE細胞は、AdCAGCD59+ADCAGGFP(それぞれ800+200vp/cell)の混合物、又は、AdEMPTY+AdCAGGFP(それぞれ800+200vp/cell)の対照混合物によって事前処置された。7分間のNHS処置後、洗浄と固定とが、細胞に施された。処置後3日後、これらの細胞は、MAC沈着アッセイによって解析された。
ヒトMAC沈着からマウスRPEを保護するhCD59事前処置の効果が評価された。マウスは、各アデノウィルスベクターの網膜下注射によってインビボに投与された。注射して6日後、AdCAGCD59ベクターの網膜下注射の後のマウスRPE上のhCD59の発現は、抗hCD59抗体によって免疫組織化学によって認められた(図11A)。負の対照AdCAGGFPによって注射された眼杯組織内には、hCD59に対する染色は認められなかった(図11B、上の横列)。むしろ、GFP蛍光は、注射部位で可視化された(図11B、底の横列)。
MAC沈着と、アデノウィルスによって送達されたhCD59による保護とは、マウス角膜内皮を使用して更にアッセイされた。角膜内皮は、容易に使用できる組織であり、エクスビボ及びインビボで培養され、アデノウィルスと他のベクターによって事前処置された。さらに、角膜内皮を用いたここでのアッセイでは、効率化のための角膜内皮の均質な形質導入と、補体抑制因子のある薬等の他の因子の効率のよい測定とが示された。角膜内皮上のMAC沈着の調査は、更に、MAC沈着を阻害するものを選別し、インビトロおよびインビボでのRPE内の試験を補完するのに用いられた。
前記実例で用いられているCD59コンストラクトは、GPIリンカーを通じて膜結合性タンパク質を発現するように、構成されていた。C末端26アミノ酸の配列コードを欠いているヒトCD59は、(下線を付した)XhoI部分(5’ccccctcgagtggacaatcacaatggg3’、SEQ ID No.1)を含むフォワードプライマーと、(下線を付した)EcoRV部分(5’taaggagatatcttaatttcaagctgttcgtta3’、SEQ ID No.3)を含むリバースプライマーと、を用いるPCR増幅である。前記C末端26アミノ酸は、77位で、残基アミノ酸アスパラギンをコードしているヌクレオチドのGPIアンカーのアッタチメントのシグナル配列を含んでいる。リバースプライマーは、ヒトCD59の溶解型をコードする配列を結果として生じているアスパラギン77後の終止コドンを導入した。XhoI/EcoRVによって消化(digested)されたPCR産物は、XhoI/EcoRV消化pShCAGへとクローン化され、結果として生じるプラスミドpShCAGsCD59は、ここで記載されたように、アデノウィルスAdCAGCD59を生成するのに用いられた。これゆえ、GPIシグナルは、溶解性の分泌されたバージョンを発現するコンストラクトを得るための組換え方法によって除去され、分析は、分泌されたバージョンが、網膜に広がりやすく、遺伝子導入ベクターに直接接触され、形質導入されることなく、細胞に対するMAC沈着からの保護を与えるような、治療薬として有益か否かを試験するために実行された。
Claims (19)
- 溶解性CD59タンパク質をコードする核酸の発現のソースを含む医薬組成物である、被験者中の黄班変性を処置するための前記組成物であって、
前記CD59タンパク質をコードする核酸がグリコシルホスファチジルイノシトール(GPI)固定領域をコードする核酸配列の欠損を含み、
前記組成物が、黄班変性を処置するのに有効な量で黄斑変性に感染した眼への送達のために処方され、眼への送達が黄斑変性に感染した眼の細胞による溶解性CD59タンパク質の発現及び分泌をもたらす、医薬組成物。 - 溶解性CD59タンパク質をコードする核酸の発現のソースが、溶解性CD59タンパク質をコードする遺伝子を備えている核酸ベクター、溶解性CD59タンパク質をコードする遺伝子を備えているウィルスベクター、溶解性CD59タンパク質を発現する宿主システム、からなるグループから選択される少なくとも1つである、請求項1記載の組成物。
- 眼への送達のために処方された組成物が、注射、点眼、軟膏からなるグループから選択される少なくとも1つである、請求項1記載の組成物。
- 注射が、眼内注射、結膜下注射、サブテノン嚢注射からなるグループから選択される少なくとも1つである、請求項3記載の組成物。
- 組成物が、更に、抗癌、抗ウィルス、抗バクテリア、抗マイコバクテリア、抗真菌、抗増殖性、抗アポトーシスからなるグループから選択される少なくとも1つの薬剤を含む、請求項1記載の組成物。
- インビボの溶解性CD59タンパク質をコードする核酸の発現のソースを含む医薬組成物と、
前記CD59タンパク質をコードする核酸がグリコシルホスファチジルイノシトール(GPI)固定領域をコードする核酸配列の欠損を含み、前記組成物が、黄班変性を処置するのに有効な量で黄斑変性に感染した眼への送達のために処方されている、眼への送達が黄斑変性に感染した眼の細胞による溶解性CD59タンパク質の発現及び分泌をもたらし、
容器と、使用説明書とを含む、黄班変性を処置するためのキット。 - CD59タンパク質が親液性である、請求項6記載のキット。
- 組成物が、注射、点眼、軟膏、ペースト、クリーム、ローション、ゲル、粉末、溶液、スプレー、および、パッチのグループの少なくとも1つから選択される投与経路のために処方される、請求項1記載の組成物。
- 組成物が、抗癌、抗ウィルス、抗バクテリア、抗マイコバクテリア、抗真菌、抗増殖性、抗アポトーシスのグループから選択される少なくとも1つの薬剤をさらに含む、請求項1記載の組成物。
- 可溶性CD59タンパク質が、野生型のCD59アミノ酸配列に実質的に由来するアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1記載の組成物。
- CD59タンパク質のアミノ酸配列が、野生型のCD59アミノ酸配列と、少なくとも85%同一で、または、少なくとも95%同一である、請求項10記載の組成物。
- CD59タンパク質のアミノ酸配列が保存配列改変を含む、請求項10記載の組成物。
- 保存配列改変が、置換、付加、又は、欠失の少なくとも1つを含む、請求項12記載の組成物。
- 組成物が薬学的に許容可能な担体を含む、請求項1記載の組成物。
- CD59タンパク質をコードする核酸の発現のソースが、膜独立性のCD59タンパク質をコードする核酸を含む、請求項1記載の組成物。
- 核酸が、CD59タンパク質組成物を発現するためのシグナルに操作可能にリンクされ、それによって、細胞がCD59タンパク質を発現し、分泌する、請求項15記載の組成物。
- 溶解性CD59タンパク質がヒト由来である、請求項1記載の組成物。
- 溶解性CD59タンパク質がヒト由来である、請求項6記載のキット。
- 前記ウィルスベクターが、アデノウィルス、アデノ随伴ウィルス、ヘルペスウィルス及びレンチウィルスからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つのウィルスの遺伝子組換ゲノム由来である、請求項2記載の組成物。
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