JP5686579B2 - Crushing and separating apparatus and crushing and separating method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a crushing and separating apparatus that crushes and separates waste including solids and fluids.

  Urban garbage contains a lot of bagged garbage in which garbage or combustible garbage is packed in a synthetic resin garbage bag. A sorting device has been proposed.

  The crushing / separating apparatus includes a vertically extending rotating shaft, a plate-shaped first crushing blade connected to the rotating shaft and driven to rotate, and a chain connected to the rotating shaft. And a plate-like second crushing blade that is connected to the first crushing blade and disposed below the first crushing blade. The upper part of the casing has a first outlet, the lower part of the casing has a second outlet, and a suction device that sucks dust by an air flow is connected to the first and second outlets. Bag-filled trash introduced from the inlet at the upper end of the casing was crushed by the first crushing blade, and fragments of the trash bag and relatively light crushed pieces were discharged from the first outlet, while falling inside the casing. The relatively heavy debris fragments are crushed by the second crushing blade and discharged from the second discharge port. Thus, it is formed so as to be separated into light crushed pieces and heavy crushed pieces.

JP 2007-296474 A

  Garbage contained in municipal waste includes fluids such as water and edible oil, and these fluids flow downward as the processing of the object to be treated proceeds. Therefore, the conventional crushing and separating apparatus has a problem that the movable part including the bearing and the like that rotatably supports the lower end portion of the rotating shaft is easily deteriorated by the fluid flowing out from the object to be processed.

  Further, the crushing / separating apparatus has a problem that, when a processing object including a fluid is crushed, a fragment of the processing object remains in the casing due to the fluid. Moreover, since the crushed piece discharged | emitted from the 1st and 2nd discharge port is a state which the fluid adhered, it is necessary to perform removal and drying of a fluid, and there exists a problem which requires a troublesome handling.

  Moreover, since the said crushing and separating apparatus sucks and discharges the crushed pieces from the first and second discharge ports by the suction device, the crushed pieces are not sufficiently discharged particularly with respect to the first discharge port sucked upward. There is a problem that tends to become.

  In the crushing / separating apparatus, since the second crushing blade for crushing relatively heavy garbage is a plate-like body connected to the rotating shaft with a chain, a metal can, a glass bottle, or the like cannot be crushed sufficiently. There is. Since municipal waste often contains metal cans and glass bottles in raw garbage and combustible waste, a process for removing the cans and bottles is required before the municipal waste is processed by the crushing and separating apparatus. Therefore, there is a risk of increasing the time for waste disposal and increasing the size of the apparatus configuration.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to stably and efficiently crush and separate a material to be processed including a fluid and a solid with a relatively simple configuration, and is difficult to break down, and further, a hard solid such as metal or glass. An object of the present invention is to provide a crushing / separating apparatus capable of crushing and separating without any problem even if an object is mixed.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the crushing and separating apparatus of the present invention is disposed substantially horizontally in a horizontally long casing having a workpiece inlet on one end side and a workpiece outlet on the other end side. A drive shaft and a plurality of hammers rotatably provided so as to revolve around the drive shaft, and the inside of the casing in order from the input port to the discharge port, a crushing portion, a crushing and separating portion, A crushing and separating device divided into a crushing discharge unit,
The crushing part is formed so as to crush the object to be processed introduced from the charging port with the hammer and send it to the crushing and separating part.
The crushing / separating unit includes a separating unit disposed outside the revolution path of the hammer and having a permeation gap, and crushes the object to be processed sent from the crushing unit with the hammer and applies centrifugal force to While passing through the separation means, it is formed so as to send an object to be processed that does not pass through the separation means to the crushing discharge part,
The crushing and discharging unit crushes the object to be processed sent from the crushing and separating unit with the hammer, and discharges the crushed object to be processed from the discharge port by wind and centrifugal force generated by the hammer. It is characterized by being formed.

  According to the said structure, the to-be-processed object thrown into the insertion port is crushed by the effect | action of a hammer in a crushing part in a casing, and is sent toward a crushing and classification part. The object to be processed crushed in the crushing unit is further crushed by the action of the hammer in the crushing and sorting unit, and centrifugal force is applied from the hammer toward the sorting means. The object to be processed that has been subjected to the centrifugal force is classified into one that passes through the transmission gap of the sorting means and one that does not pass through the transmission gap of the sorting means. The to-be-processed object which did not permeate | transmit the permeation | transmission gap | interval of a classification means is sent to a crushing and carrying-out part. The object to be processed sent from the crushing and separating means is crushed by a hammer at the crushing discharge section. The hammer applies centrifugal force to the object to be processed and generates wind, and the crushed object to be processed is discharged from the discharge port by the centrifugal force and wind generated by the hammer.

  In the case where the object to be processed includes a fluid such as moisture or edible oil, the fluid receives a centrifugal force from the hammer together with the object to be processed and passes through the separation means in the crushing and separating unit. Thereby, a fluid leaves | separates from the to-be-processed object which does not permeate | transmit a separation extraction stage. Here, the hammer is driven to revolve around a drive shaft arranged substantially horizontally, and the separation means is arranged outside the revolution path of the hammer, so that the fluid separated by the separation means is driven. It is possible to prevent the shaft from being transmitted and entering a moving part such as a bearing. Therefore, even if the object to be processed contains moisture or edible oil, such as garbage, the inconvenience that the moisture separated from the garbage enters the movable part and deteriorates is prevented.

  Moreover, since this crushing and separating apparatus effectively detaches the fluid from the object to be processed by the crushing and separating unit by means of a hammer and a separating means, for example, crushing beverages in paper packs and the like and crushing beverages from pieces of paper packs. Can be separated sufficiently, and the crushed pieces of the paper pack with less adherence of beverage can be discharged. In this way, the fluid can be effectively separated at the crushing and fractionating section, and a solid material with less adhesion of the fluid can be obtained. Therefore, this crushing and separating apparatus can easily handle the processed object after processing.

  Moreover, this crushing and separating apparatus separates the fluid and solids that pass through the separating means by the crushing and separating unit, and then discharges the object to be processed by the centrifugal force and wind force generated by the hammer in the crushing and discharging unit. Accordingly, the object to be processed can be effectively discharged while preventing the object from remaining in the casing.

  Further, this crushing / separating apparatus crushes the object to be treated with a hammer in each of the crushing part, crushing / separating part, and crushing / discharging part in the casing, so that, for example, hard solids such as metal cans and glass bottles are covered. Even if it mixes with a processed material, this processed material can be crushed effectively.

  As described above, according to the crushing and separating apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to stably process an object to be processed containing a relatively large amount of fluid such as water or oil, or an object to be processed in which hard solids such as metal cans are mixed. . Therefore, in addition to municipal waste including beverage cans and beverage bottles as well as raw garbage, high-moisture waste such as food residues discharged from food processing factories, agricultural and fishery industry waste, etc. is effectively crushed. Thus, it can be separated into a fluid and a solid. In addition, for example, a metal can that contains a relatively large amount of liquid and a metal member, such as a metal can containing water or oil, is effectively crushed into a fluid and a solid. Can be separated. Also, for example, by putting waste with soil and compost attached to the crushing / separating device together with moisture, such as plastic waste for agriculture, the crushing / separating part effectively removes the deposits such as earth and sand. It can be separated and crushed.

  In the present invention, the permeation gap formed in the separation means refers to holes, slits, meshes, etc. that allow the object to be processed smaller than a predetermined dimension to pass through, and the separation means includes a plate-like body formed with holes, Various forms such as those formed by combining a plurality of plate-like bodies or rod-like bodies to form slits and those using a net body can be employed.

  In one embodiment, the crushing / separating apparatus is configured such that at least one hammer of the crushing section sends an object to be processed in the extending direction of the drive shaft.

  According to the said embodiment, the to-be-processed object thrown into the crushing part can be sent to the crushing classification part located in the other end side of the drive shaft which drives this hammer, crushing with a hammer. Here, the hammer has a feeding surface for applying a force in the extending direction of the drive shaft to the workpiece, so that the workpiece can be fed in the extending direction of the drive shaft.

  In one embodiment of the crushing / separating apparatus, at least one hammer of the crushing portion has a tip portion formed in a bowl shape.

  According to the said embodiment, the to-be-processed object thrown into the crushing part can be effectively crushed with the hammer in which the front-end | tip part was formed in bowl shape.

  In one embodiment, the crushing / separating apparatus is configured such that at least one hammer of the crushing / separating unit feeds an object to be processed in the extending direction of the drive shaft.

  According to the embodiment, the object to be processed sent from the crushing part to the crushing / separating part can be sent to the crushing / discharging part located on the other end side of the drive shaft that drives the hammer while crushing with the hammer. . Here, the hammer has a feeding surface for applying a force in the extending direction of the drive shaft to the workpiece, so that the workpiece can be fed in the extending direction of the drive shaft.

  In one embodiment of the crushing and separating apparatus, at least one hammer of the crushing / discharging unit has a wind generating surface that extends substantially parallel to the drive shaft.

  According to the above embodiment, when the hammer revolves around the drive shaft, the rotational flow of air around the drive shaft can be generated by the wind generating surface of the hammer. Further, the workpiece can be sent in the direction of the tangential line of the revolution circle by the rotational force of the hammer. By these rotational flow and rotational force, the object to be processed can be effectively discharged from the discharge port.

  The crushing / separating apparatus according to an embodiment includes a hopper that collects an object to be processed that has passed through the permeation gap of the separating unit, and a discharge mechanism that discharges the object to be processed collected by the hopper to the outside of the casing. Is provided.

  According to the above-described embodiment, the object to be processed that has passed through the permeation gap of the sorting means is collected by the hopper, and is discharged out of the casing by the discharge mechanism, whereby the object to be processed is relatively small or relatively flexible. Can be extracted together with a fluid such as moisture and discharged.

  In the crushing and separating apparatus according to an embodiment, the crushing and discharging unit is provided with a duct that guides a workpiece that has passed through the sorting means downward, and a discharge mechanism that discharges the workpiece guided by the duct to the outside of the casing. ing.

  According to the said embodiment, a to-be-processed object with a comparatively large specific gravity can be discharged | emitted by collecting a to-be-processed object with a duct, and discharging | emitting a casing outside with a discharge mechanism.

  As for the crushing and separating apparatus of one Embodiment, the said discharge mechanism is formed with the screw conveyor.

  According to the said embodiment, the to-be-processed object mainly discharged | emitted by the crushing-and-separation part and discharged | emitted by the crushing discharge part can be discharged | emitted efficiently.

  In one embodiment, the crushing / separating device includes a plurality of plates arranged such that the crushing / separating unit has a separating means extending in the radial direction of the drive shaft so as to surround at least a part of the revolution path of the tip of the hammer. The transmission gap is formed by a slit-like gap formed between the plate-like bodies.

  According to the above embodiment, the separating means having a plurality of plate-like bodies is difficult to be damaged even if it receives an impact from a workpiece subjected to centrifugal force from a hammer, so that the workpiece can be stably separated. it can. Further, by forming the separating means with a plurality of plate-like bodies arranged extending in the radial direction of the drive shaft, it is possible to form a transmission interval while ensuring a relatively high strength in the radial direction of the drive shaft. Even if the wear proceeds due to the contact of the workpiece, the separation performance can be exhibited stably. Moreover, since a margin for wear of the sorting means can be ensured, the frequency of maintenance can be reduced, and a crushing and sorting apparatus having stable processing performance over a long period of time can be obtained.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the crushing and separating apparatus of the embodiment. It is a front view of a crushing and separating apparatus. It is a top view of a crushing and separating apparatus. It is a cross-sectional view in the crushing part of a crushing and separating apparatus. It is a cross-sectional view in the crushing and sorting part of the crushing and sorting apparatus. It is a cross-sectional view in the crushing discharge part of a crushing and separating apparatus. It is a front view of a crushing hammer. It is a bottom view of a crushing hammer. It is a front view of the 2nd crushing hammer. It is a bottom view of the 2nd crushing hammer. It is a front view of a feed hammer. It is a bottom view of a feed hammer. It is a cross-sectional view of the edge part of the sorting means provided in a crushing and sorting part. It is a perspective view which shows a classification means. It is a front view of the 3rd crushing hammer. It is a bottom view of the 3rd crushing hammer. It is a front view of a blowing hammer. It is a bottom view of a blowing hammer.

  Hereinafter, the crushing and separating apparatus of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the illustrated embodiments.

  FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a crushing and separating apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a front view of the crushing and separating apparatus, and FIG. 3 is a plan view of the crushing and separating apparatus. The crushing and separating apparatus 1 according to the embodiment is installed in a garbage disposal facility and performs a crushing and separating process for municipal waste.

  The crushing / separating apparatus 1 generally connects an inlet 2a and an outlet 2b in a casing 2 having an inlet 2a into which an object to be processed is introduced and an outlet 2b that discharges a processed object. A drive shaft 3 extending in this manner is provided. Disc-shaped end plates 31, 31 are fixed to both ends of the outer peripheral surface of the drive shaft 3, and a plurality of disc-shaped support plates 32, 32,. • is fixed. On the outer peripheral side of the drive shaft 3, four rotating shafts 4, 4,... The four rotary shafts 4, 4,... Are fixed at both ends to the end plates 31, 31, and the peripheral edges of the plurality of support plates 31, 31,. It penetrates the part. On each of the rotating shafts 4, 4,..., A hammer 5 is rotatably attached between the support disks 32, 32,. The drive shaft 3 is supported at both ends by aligning bearings 35 and 35 provided outside the casing 2. A pulley 36 having a plurality of V grooves is connected to one end of the drive shaft 3, and a V belt (not shown) is spanned over the pulley 36, and the V belt is driven by a motor (not shown) to drive the drive shaft 3. Is driven to rotate.

  The drive shaft 3 is driven at a rotational speed at which the peripheral speed at the edge of the support disk 32 is 30 to 65 m / sec. Here, the measurement position of the peripheral speed is a position corresponding to a diameter of 800 to 1000 mm from the central axis of the drive shaft 3, and the rotational speed of the drive shaft 3 is 450 to 900 RPM.

  The inside of the casing 2 of the crushing / separating apparatus 1 is roughly constituted by a crushing part 6 in which an inlet 2a is formed, a crushing / separating part 7, and a crushing / discharging part 8 in which a discharge port 2b is formed. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the crushing unit 6, FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the crushing and separating unit 7, and FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the crushing and discharging unit 8.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the crushing portion 6 is formed in a substantially cylindrical crushing portion casing 21 that is a portion corresponding to the crushing portion 6 of the casing 2. In the upper part of the crushing part casing 21, an input duct 22 having an input port 2 a formed at the upper end is formed in communication. A plurality of fixed blades 61, 61,... Having a rectangular cross section and extending in the axial direction of the casing are fixed to the inner side surface of the crushing portion casing 21.

  As the hammers 5, 5,... Arranged in the crushing section 6, a crushing hammer having a crushing function and a feeding hammer having a feeding function as well as a crushing function can be adopted.

  As the crushing hammer, a rectangular hammer 51 as shown in the front view of FIG. 7A can be used. The rectangular hammer 51 has a through hole 511 that is inserted into the rotary shaft 4 and supported so as to be rotatable around the rotary shaft 4 at the upper end portion, and the hammer body portion 512 is provided below the through hole 511. Have. As can be seen from the bottom view of FIG. 7B, the hammer body 512 has a rectangular cross section and is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape that is long in the vertical direction in FIG. 7A.

  Moreover, as the crushing hammer arranged in the crushing part 6, as shown in the front view of FIG. 8A, a hook-shaped hammer 52 having a lower end pointed toward both sides in the width direction in a front view can be used. The hook-shaped hammer 52 has a through hole 521 inserted through the rotating shaft 4 and a hammer main body 522 below the through hole 521. The hammer body 522 has a constriction at the center in the vertical direction when viewed from the front. The opposing side surfaces 523 and 523 of the hammer body 522 are inclined so that the cross section in the width direction becomes a parallelogram, as shown by the broken line in the bottom view of FIG. 8B. Thereby, the edge which continues between the side 523 of the hammer main-body part 522, and the front 524 or the back 525 is formed in the acute angle. When viewed from the front, a portion below the constricted portion of the hammer body 522 is formed wider toward the lower end side, and both end portions of the lower end are formed at acute angles. As a result, an edge where the side surface 523 and the bottom surface 526 are continuous is formed at an acute angle. When the hook-shaped hammer 52 rotates around the drive shaft 3 and rotates around the rotation shaft 4, the sharp edge of the hammer body 522 bites into the object to be processed, such as a metal can or a glass bottle. The hard workpiece is effectively crushed.

  As the feed hammer arranged in the crushing part 6, as shown in the front view of FIG. 9A, an inclined hammer 53 in which the hammer body part 532 is inclined with respect to the surface having the rotation axis as a normal line can be used. The inclined hammer 53 has a through-hole 531 inserted through the rotation shaft 4 and a hammer main body 532 below the through-hole 531. The hammer body 532 is formed in a substantially rectangular shape when viewed from the front. As shown in the bottom view of FIG. 9B, the normal lines of the front surface 533 and the back surface 534 are the central axis of the rotating shaft 4, that is, the central axis of the through hole 531. It is formed to be inclined with respect to. Thereby, when it rotates around the drive shaft 3 parallel to the rotation axis 4 and rotates around the rotation axis 4, it moves from the front surface 533 or the back surface 534 of the hammer body 532 to the object to be processed in the direction of the rotation axis 4. A force having a component toward it can be applied. Therefore, the inclined hammer 53 can send the workpiece in the extending direction of the rotary shaft 4, that is, the drive shaft 3 while crushing.

  In the crushing unit 6 provided with these hammers 51, 52, and 53, the workpieces that are input from the input port 2 a of the input duct 22 of the crushing unit casing 21 are treated as rectangular hammers 51, hook-shaped hammers 52, and inclined hammers 53. And the shearing action of the hammers 51, 52, 53 and the fixed blades 61, 61,. The crushed workpiece is sent to the crushing / separating unit 7 connected to the other end of the drive shaft 3 by the feeding action of the inclined hammer 53.

  As shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 5, the crushing / separating portion 7 is provided in the crushing / separating portion casing 23 corresponding to the crushing / separating portion 7 of the casing 2, and is disposed outside the revolution path of the hammer 5. A plate screen 9 as a means is accommodated.

  The crushing / separating portion casing 23 is formed in a cylindrical shape in a cross section corresponding to approximately three-quarters of the upper portion. A hopper 24 is formed below the cylindrical portion of the crushing / separating portion casing 23. The hopper 24 has two surfaces whose distance from each other narrows downward, and houses the screw conveyor 10 as a discharge mechanism at the lower end.

  The plate screen 9 is formed in a cylindrical shape by combining two semi-cylindrical screens 91 shown in FIG. The semi-cylindrical screen 91 is stretched between two straight frames 92 extending in the axial direction, arc frames 93 and 93 at both ends spanned between the straight frames 92 and 92, and between the straight frames 92 and 92. Arc-shaped intermediate frames 94 and 94 are provided. A plurality of plate-like screen members 95, 95,... Are supported by these frames. FIG. 11 is an enlarged view showing the end of the cross section of the semi-cylindrical screen 91. As shown in FIG. 11, the screen members 95, 95 are stacked such that the longitudinal direction extends in the axial direction of the semi-cylindrical screen 91 and the short direction extends in the radial direction of the semi-cylindrical screen 91. It has been. The screen member 95 has a wedge-shaped cross section whose thickness decreases from the radial inner side to the outer side of the semi-cylindrical screen 91, and is arranged with the end face on the thicker side facing the inner side of the semi-cylindrical screen 91. ing. The screen member 95 has a gap between end faces on the thicker side of 1 to 2 mm, thereby forming a slit-like gap of 1 to 2 mm inside the semi-cylindrical screen 91. By forming the slit-shaped gap to be 1 to 2 mm, water, food, sand and the like are transmitted while metal, paper and plastic are not transmitted. Further, since the screen member 95 is formed to have a smaller thickness as it goes outward in the radial direction of the semi-cylindrical screen 91, the size of the gap formed between the opposing surfaces of the adjacent screen members 95 is While the entrance is the smallest, the entrance becomes larger as it goes outward in the radial direction of the semi-cylindrical screen 91. As a result, the object to be processed that has entered the gap between the screen members 95 and 95 from the inside of the semi-cylindrical screen 91 does not clog the gap between the screen members 95 and 95 toward the outer side in the radial direction of the semi-cylindrical screen 91. It is possible to progress.

  The plate screen 9 may be provided with only the lower half cylindrical screen 91 of the two half cylindrical screens 91. In this case, a portion corresponding to the upper semi-cylindrical screen 91 is constituted by a wall surface that surrounds the revolution path of the hammer 5 and does not transmit the workpiece. Alternatively, the space between the upper end of the lower semi-cylindrical screen 91 and the inner side surface of the crushing / separating portion casing 23 may be sealed.

  In the present embodiment, the plate screen 9 is used as the sorting means. However, a plate-like body in which a transmission hole having a predetermined size is formed, a rod-like body combined so as to form a slit having a predetermined width, and a mesh having a predetermined size. You may use the net body etc. which have for a classification | category means.

  As the hammers 5, 5,... Arranged in the crushing and separating unit 7, a crushing hammer and a feeding hammer can be used. A rectangular hammer 51 shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B can be used as the crushing hammer, and an inclined hammer 53 shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B can be used as the feeding hammer.

  As the crushing hammer, an octagonal hammer 54 shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B may be used. As shown in the front view of FIG. 12A, the octagonal hammer 54 has a through hole 541 at the upper end portion thereof, which is inserted through the rotary shaft 4 and is rotatably supported around the rotary shaft 4. A hammer main body 542 is provided on the lower side of 541. As can be seen from the bottom view of FIG. 12B, the hammer body 542 has a flat octagonal cross section in the width direction. The octagonal hammer 54 can also be used as a crushing hammer for the crushing unit 6.

  The rectangular hammer 51, the octagonal hammer 54, and the inclined hammer 53 are rotated about the drive shaft 3 and rotated about the rotation shaft 4, and the workpieces are hit with these hammers 51, 54, 53. The hammer 51, 54, 53 gives an impact to the workpiece and crushes it, and the rectangular hammer 51 and the octagonal hammer 54 mainly apply centrifugal force to the workpiece. The object to be processed that has received the centrifugal force moves toward the plate screen 9 located outside the revolution trajectory of the hammers 51, 54, 53, and the object to be processed is smaller than the gap of 1 to 2 mm between the screen members 95. Things pass through the plate screen 9. An object to be processed that passes through the plate screen 9 is a fluid such as water or oil, a soft solid such as food, or a solid having a small size such as sand. The workpieces that have passed through the plate screen 9 are moved between the plate screen 9 and the inner surface of the crushing / separating portion casing 23, collected in the hopper 24, and discharged out of the casing 2 by the screw conveyor 10. Yes.

  The object to be processed that does not pass through the plate screen 9 and remains in the plate screen 9 is sent to the crushing and discharging unit 8 connected to the other end of the drive shaft 3 by the feeding action of the inclined hammer 53. The objects to be processed that remain in the plate screen 9 and are sent to the crushing and discharging unit 8 are, for example, metal, paper, plastic, and the like, and these are dehydrated when the plate screen 9 separates water.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the crushing / discharging unit 8 includes a crushing / discharging unit casing 25 corresponding to the crushing / discharging unit 8 of the casing 2 and a duct 26 provided on a side portion of the crushing / discharging unit casing 25. The crushing discharge portion casing 25 has a substantially cylindrical shape so as to surround the outside of the revolution path of the hammer 5. The inside of the crushing / discharging part casing 25 and the inside of the duct 26 communicate with each other, and the tangent line of the crushing / discharging part casing 25 is formed so as to substantially overlap the center line of the duct 26 in the cross section. The upper part of the duct 26 is connected to the crushing / discharging part casing 25 and connected to the crushing / discharging part casing 25. The upper duct 26a has a discharge port 2b formed at the upper end thereof. The lower part of the duct 26 is connected to the screw conveyor 11 at the lower end of the lower duct 26b.

  As the hammers 5, 5,... Arranged in the crushing and discharging unit 8, a blower hammer 55 as shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B can be used. As shown in the front view of FIG. 13A, the blower hammer 55 has a through hole 551 at the upper end portion thereof, which is inserted through the rotation shaft 4 and is supported rotatably around the rotation shaft 4. A hammer body 552 is provided on the lower side of the 551. As can be seen from the bottom view of FIG. 13B, the hammer body 552 is formed substantially parallel to the central axis of the through hole 551. The blower hammer 55 is driven to rotate about the drive shaft 3 and rotates about the rotation shaft 4 so as to hit and crush the workpiece guided from the crushing and separating unit 7. Further, the blower hammer 55 forms a rotational flow of air around the drive shaft 3 in the crushing / discharging portion casing 25 by the through hole 551, that is, the hammer body portion 552 parallel to the rotation shaft 4. Further, the hammer main body 552 of the blower hammer 55 applies a force generally directed in the tangential direction of the revolution path of the blower hammer 55 to the workpiece. Thus, the main body portion 552 of the blower hammer 55 functions as a crushing and wind generating surface.

  The wind around the drive shaft 3 generated by the blower hammer 55 flows into the upper duct 26a from the crushing / discharging portion casing 25 and flows upward through the upper duct 26a. A workpiece having a relatively small specific gravity is guided from the crushing / discharging portion casing 25 to the upper duct 26a by the wind generated by the blower hammer 55 and discharged from the discharge port 2b. Most of the objects to be processed discharged from the discharge port 2b are paper and plastic, and are collected by a filter device (not shown) connected to the discharge port 2b and used as recycled resources.

  In the lower duct 26 b, an object to be processed that is not conveyed by the wind generated by the blower hammer 55 is guided and dropped from the crushing and discharging unit casing 25 by the tangential force of the revolution path received from the blower hammer 55. The object to be processed falling through the lower duct 26b is a metal or glass having a relatively large specific gravity. The object to be processed that has fallen through the lower duct 26b is collected by the screw conveyor 11 at the lower end.

  The screw conveyor 10 conveys water, food, sand, and the like separately collected by the crushing and separating unit 7 and discharges them from the discharge port 10a. Moreover, the screw conveyor 11 conveys the metal etc. which were collected separately by the crushing discharge part 8, and discharges them from the discharge port which is not shown in figure. Water, food, sand, etc. conveyed on the screw conveyor 10 are subjected to drying treatment, while metal etc. conveyed on the screw conveyor 11 are subjected to regeneration treatment, thereby efficiently and effectively treating the separately collected materials. can do.

  According to the crushing / separating apparatus 1 of this embodiment, in the crushing / separating unit 7, water permeates the plate screen 9 by the centrifugal force of the hammer 5 driven by the drive shaft 3 facing in the horizontal direction, Separated from workpieces that do not pass through. The water that has passed through the plate screen 9 is collected by the hopper 24 below the crushing / separating portion casing 23 and discharged by the screw conveyor 10. Therefore, since fluids such as water and oil contained in the object to be processed are effectively collected and discharged without being transmitted through the drive shaft 3 and the like, the drive shaft in which the water and oil are vertically oriented as in the prior art. It is possible to prevent the inconvenience of entering the movable part along the path. Therefore, the crushing / separating apparatus 1 can stably process an object to be processed including raw garbage including fluid such as water and oil, has few failures, and can reduce maintenance and repair work.

  Moreover, according to the crushing and separating apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the light-weight object to be processed is dehydrated by the crushing and separating unit 7 and then discharged by the wind generated by the blower hammer 55 of the crushing and discharging unit 8. The light-weight object can be efficiently discharged by the wind without adhering to the inner surface of 26a or the inner surface of the transfer duct connected to the discharge port 2b. Therefore, as in the prior art, it is possible to prevent inconvenience that the object to be processed containing water adheres to the duct or the collection container. In addition, since the object to be processed is separated by the plate screen 9 in the crushing and separating unit 7 and dehydrated, it is discharged from the discharge port 2b by the force of the wind, so that variations in the size and specific gravity of the object to be discharged are reduced. it can.

  Moreover, in the crushing part 6, the crushing and separating part 7 and the crushing and discharging part 8, the object to be processed is crushed with the hammer 5, so that even if the object to be processed contains metal or the like, it can be easily crushed and separated. it can. Therefore, the to-be-processed object discharged | emitted from this crushing and separating apparatus 1 can be utilized effectively as a recycled resource.

  Moreover, according to the crushing and separating apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the crushing, sorting and dewatering can be performed with one apparatus, so that the sorting apparatus and the dewatering apparatus can be reduced as compared with the prior art. Therefore, it is possible to save the space of the processing facility for the object to be processed and reduce the equipment cost.

  The crushing and separating apparatus 1 of the present embodiment can stably process an object to be processed that contains a relatively large amount of water or a metal object that is relatively large. Therefore, in addition to general waste such as municipal waste that contains a lot of raw garbage, high-moisture waste such as food residues discharged from food processing factories and agricultural and fishery wastes can be effectively crushed and Can be separated. In addition, for example, a processing object including a relatively large amount of fluid and having a metal member, such as a metal can containing water or oil, can be effectively crushed and separated. Also, for example, by putting waste with soil and compost attached to the crushing / separating device together with moisture, such as plastic waste for agriculture, the crushing / separating part effectively removes the deposits such as earth and sand. It can be separated and crushed.

  Moreover, the crushing and sorting apparatus of the present invention is suitable for crushing and sorting processing of waste gypsum board. Recently, attempts have been made to recycle waste gypsum board discharged as building waste material, extract gypsum components, and use them as recycling resources. The waste gypsum board uses combustible components such as paper together with gypsum. However, in order to obtain a gypsum that can be used practically as a recycled resource, it is necessary to remove the paper components of the waste gypsum board with high accuracy. In consideration of cases where gypsum is not reused as a recycling resource and is subject to final disposal, combustible components such as paper remaining on the gypsum should be removed from the viewpoint of preventing hydrogen sulfide generation and reducing heat loss. , It is necessary to set it to a predetermined ratio or less. Thus, in the treatment of waste gypsum board, it is necessary to highly separate gypsum and combustible components.

  Conventionally, in the recycling treatment of waste gypsum board, after the waste gypsum board is crushed with a crushing device, gypsum and combustible components are separated with a sorting device. However, waste gypsum board often contains a large amount of moisture in the state of being discharged as building waste, and with conventional crushing devices, gypsum sticky with moisture adheres to the crushing blade, and crushing efficiency There is a problem of causing deterioration of the crushing device and abnormal stopping of the crushing device. Moreover, after crushing a waste gypsum board, it is necessary to dry before fractionating gypsum and a combustible component. In order to dry the crushed piece containing gypsum and the combustible component, it is necessary to prevent the combustible component from being ignited.

  Here, by using the crushing and separating apparatus 1 of the embodiment of the present invention for the crushing and separating processing of the waste gypsum board, even waste waste gypsum board containing moisture can be accurately separated into gypsum and combustible components. it can. For example, the waste gypsum board is roughly crushed to a size of about 15 cm square, and this coarsely crushed piece is put into the inlet 2a. The coarsely crushed pieces of the waste gypsum board that has been thrown in are crushed by the rectangular hammer 51 and the octagonal hammer 54 in the crushing unit 6 and then sent to the crushing and separating unit 7 by the inclined hammer 53. In the crushing / separating unit 7, the gypsum component containing moisture permeates through the plate screen 9 by being further crushed by the rectangular hammer 51 and the octagonal hammer 54 and receiving centrifugal force. The gypsum component that has passed through the plate screen 9 passes through the hopper 24 and is discharged by the screw conveyor 10. The combustible component such as paper remaining inside the plate screen 9 is sent to the crushing and discharging unit 8 by the inclined hammer 53. The crushing and discharging unit 8 is crushed by the blower hammer 55 and discharged through the upper duct 26 a by the wind force generated by the blower hammer 55. In addition, heavy items such as waste gypsum board fixing brackets are discharged by the screw conveyor 11 through the lower duct 26b.

  Thus, the plaster and the combustible component can be accurately separated by the plate screen 9 of the crushing and separating unit 7. In addition, since the crushing and separating unit 7 separates moisture from combustible components such as paper, the combustible component discharged from the discharge port 2a through the crushing and discharging unit 8 does not need to be dried while preventing ignition. Therefore, handling of combustible components can be facilitated. In addition, scattering of dust of a gypsum component can be prevented by connecting a filter device such as a bag filter to the discharge port 2a.

  Further, the gypsum component separated by the plate screen 9 of the crushing and separating unit 7 contains water, but can be efficiently discharged by the screw conveyor 10. Further, since the gypsum component separated by the plate screen 9 contains almost no flammable component, no measures for preventing ignition are unnecessary, and therefore it can be efficiently dried.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Crushing and separating apparatus 2 Casing 2a Input port 2b Discharge port 3 Drive shaft 4 Rotating shaft 5 Hammer 6 Crushing part 7 Crushing and separating part 8 Crushing and discharging part

Claims (8)

In a horizontally long casing having a workpiece inlet on one end side and a workpiece outlet on the other end side, a drive shaft arranged substantially horizontally and revolving around the drive shaft A crushing / separating apparatus comprising a plurality of hammers provided to be rotatable, wherein a casing is divided into a crushing part, a crushing / separating part, and a crushing / discharging part in order from the inlet to the outlet. ,
The crushing part is formed so as to crush the object to be processed introduced from the charging port with the hammer and send it to the crushing and separating part.
The crushing / separating unit includes a separating unit disposed outside the revolution path of the hammer and having a permeation gap, and crushes the object to be processed sent from the crushing unit with the hammer and applies a centrifugal force to the processing unit. While passing through the separation means, it is formed so as to send the processed material that does not pass through the separation means to the crushing discharge part
The crushing and discharging unit crushes the object to be processed sent from the crushing and separating unit with the hammer, and discharges the crushed object to be processed from the discharge port by wind and centrifugal force generated by the hammer. Formed ,
In the crushing part, a crushing hammer having a crushing function and a feeding hammer having a crushing function and a feeding function are used,
In the crushing / separating section, a crushing hammer that applies centrifugal force when crushing an object to be processed and a feed hammer are used,
The crushing and separating apparatus is characterized in that a blower hammer is used in the crushing and discharging unit to crush the object to be processed and to form a rotational flow of air around the drive shaft . In the crushing and separating apparatus according to claim 1,
The crushing and separating apparatus, wherein at least one hammer of the crushing part is formed in a bowl shape at a tip part. In the crushing and separating apparatus according to claim 1,
The crushing and separating apparatus, wherein at least one hammer of the crushing discharge section has a wind generating surface extending substantially parallel to the drive shaft. In the crushing and separating apparatus according to claim 1,
The crushing / separating section is provided with a hopper that collects the workpiece that has passed through the permeation gap of the sorting means, and a discharge mechanism that discharges the workpiece collected by the hopper to the outside of the casing. Crushing and separating device. In the crushing and separating apparatus according to claim 1,
On the side of the crushing and discharging part of the casing, provided with a duct that communicates with the crushing and discharging part and extends in the tangential direction of the casing,
The upper part of the duct above the connecting part with the crushing discharge part is an upper duct in which a discharge port is formed at the upper end, and the part below the connecting part with the casing of the crushing discharge part of the duct is the lower duct And
The lower end of the lower duct is connected to a discharge mechanism for discharging the workpiece to the outside of the casing,
While the object to be processed having a relatively small specific gravity is guided from the crushing discharge part to the upper duct by the wind generated by the blow hammer, it is discharged from the discharge port,
A crushing / separating apparatus characterized in that the object to be processed that is not conveyed by wind is guided by a tangential force of a revolution path received from a blowing hammer and is guided from a crushing / discharging unit to fall in a lower duct. . In the crushing and separating apparatus according to claim 4 or 5 ,
The crushing and separating apparatus, wherein the discharge mechanism is formed by a screw conveyor. In the crushing and separating apparatus according to claim 1,
The separation means of the crushing and separating unit has a plurality of plate-like bodies arranged extending in the radial direction of the drive shaft so as to surround at least a part of the revolution path of the tip of the hammer, The crushing and separating apparatus, wherein the permeation gap is formed by a slit-like gap formed between the bodies. A method for crushing and separating waste gypsum board using the crushing and separating apparatus according to claim 1,
Insert the roughly crushed pieces of waste gypsum board into the inlet,
In the crushing unit, crush roughly crushed pieces and send them to the crushing and sorting unit
In the crushing and separating unit, the gypsum component containing moisture is passed through the permeation gap of the sorting means and discharged by the discharge mechanism,
Waste gypsum board characterized in that in the crushing and discharging unit, combustible components remaining inside the above-mentioned sorting means are crushed and discharged through the upper duct by the force of wind, while heavy objects are discharged from the lower duct of the crushing and discharging unit Crushing separation method.

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