JP5681719B2 - タウ機能不全を伴う神経障害を処置するための新規な治療ターゲットとしてのfkbp52−タウ相互作用 - Google Patents
タウ機能不全を伴う神経障害を処置するための新規な治療ターゲットとしてのfkbp52−タウ相互作用 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、全般に、タウ機能不全を伴う神経障害(アルツハイマー病が含まれる)における神経保護および修復に関する。本発明は、タンパク質FKBP52とタウとの間の直接相互作用を記載する。本発明は、病原性タウの有害作用をモデュレーションするための、FKBP52−タウ相互作用に作用する分子についてのスクリーニング法に関する。本発明は、最終的には、タウ機能不全を伴う神経障害の治療的診断アッセイ、予後アッセイ、およびモニタリングアッセイに関する。
タウタンパク質は、中枢神経系、主にニューロンに広く発現され、そこで微小管動態、軸索輸送および神経突起伸長の調節に重要な役割を果たす主要な微小管関連タンパク質(MAP)である。タンパク質タウは、17番染色体上に局在する独自の遺伝子の一次転写物のエクソン2、3および10の選択的スプライシングによって生成する6種の異なるアイソフォームで成体ヒト脳に存在する。それらの配列長は、352から441個のアミノ酸まで変動する。ますます増える証拠から、「凝集した」タウ(ネイティブな未フォールディングのタンパク質)の異常集合が、アルツハイマー病、ピック病、脳皮質基底核変性症、軽度認知機能不全、進行性核上性麻痺、および17番染色体に連鎖しパーキンソニズムを伴う前頭側頭型認知症が含まれる、タウオパチーまたはタウ機能不全を伴う神経障害とまとめて呼ばれる一連のヒト認知疾患の特徴であることが示唆される。過剰リン酸化、突然変異、短縮化および「濃縮体(tangle)」への凝集などのタウの異常が、病原過程の要因でありうる。今日まで、神経変性疾患の誘導にタウ改変が果たす役割は、完全には理解されていないことから、タウの構造/機能をコントロールする分子メカニズムを解釈することは、大いなる関心対象であり、これらの疾患のための新規な治療アプローチを見出すことを助ける可能性がある。
本発明者らは、イムノフィリンFKBP52と微小管関連タンパク質タウ(過剰リン酸化されているか、またはされていないその公知の全てのアイソフォームに属する)との間に直接的で特異的なタンパク質−タンパク質相互作用を発見した。本発明は、FKBP52−タウ相互作用が、タウ機能不全を伴う神経障害の新規な治療アプローチのために、特にアルツハイマー病のために好都合に使用されうる新しいターゲットを提供することを立証する。
本発明のスクリーニング法:
本発明の第一の目的は、タウ機能不全を伴う神経障害の予防および治療のための薬物をスクリーニングするための方法であって、以下のステップを含む方法から成る:
a)候補化合物がタウポリペプチドとFKBP52ポリペプチドとの間の相互作用をモデュレーションする能力を決定すること、および
b)該相互作用をモデュレーションする候補化合物を正に選択すること。
− a1)被験候補化合物を、第一タウポリペプチドまたはその実質的に相同もしくは実質的に類似のアミノ酸配列と、(2)第二FKBP52ポリペプチドまたはその実質的に相同もしくは実質的に類似のアミノ酸配列との混合物と接触させること、および
− a2)該候補化合物が、該タウポリペプチドと該第二FKBP52ポリペプチドとの間の結合をモデュレーションする能力を決定すること。
(1)
− (i)上記のタウポリペプチドと(ii)転写因子の第一タンパク質部分との間の第一融合ポリペプチド
− (i)上記のFKBP52ポリペプチドと(ii)転写因子の第二部分との間の第二融合ポリペプチド
を発現しているホスト細胞を提供すること
ここで、第一および第二タンパク質部分が一緒に結合している場合、該転写因子は、DNAのターゲット調節配列に対して活性であり、
該ホスト細胞は、(i)該活性転写因子によって活性化されうる調節DNA配列および(ii)該調節配列に作動連結されているDNAレポート配列を含む核酸も含有する、
(2)ステップ1)で提供された該ホスト細胞を被験候補化合物と接触させること、
(3)該DNAレポーター配列の発現レベルを決定すること。
(1)上記の第一タウポリペプチドおよび第二FKBP52ポリペプチドを提供すること、
(2)被験候補化合物を該ポリペプチドと接触させること、
(3)ステップ(2)で得られたような該ポリペプチドおよび該候補化合物を用いて適切な泳動基材上でゲル泳動アッセイを行うこと、
(4)ステップ(3)を行われた泳動アッセイで該ポリペプチドの間に形成した複合体を検出および定量すること。
(1)
− 第一抗原と融合された第一タウポリペプチド、
− 第二抗原と融合された第二FKBP52ポリペプチド、
− 被験候補化合物
を含むアッセイ前試料を接触させること、
(2)ステップ(2)の該アッセイ前試料に:
− 特異的に該第一抗原に対する、ユーロピアン(European)クリプテートでラベルされた少なくとも一つの抗体、
− 該第二抗原に対する、XL665でラベルされた少なくとも一つの抗体
を添加すること、
(3)ステップ(2)のアッセイ試料を該ユーロピアンクリプテートの励起波長で照射すること、
(4)XL665の発光波長で発光された蛍光シグナルを検出および/または定量すること、
(5)ステップ(4)で得られた蛍光シグナルを、ステップ(1)のアッセイ前試料が被験候補化合物の不在下で調製されたときに得られた蛍光と比較すること。
本明細書前記のin vitroスクリーニングの任意の一態様の終わりに正に選択された候補化合物は、タウ介在性細胞機能(チューブリン重合など)、タウ蓄積、タウ凝集および全ての翻訳後タウ改変に関するその性質をさらにアッセイすることを考慮してさらなる選択ステップに供することができる。このために、上記の全般的in vitroスクリーニング法を用いて正に選択された候補化合物は、さらに、それらがタウ介在性細胞機能、タウ蓄積、タウ凝集および全ての翻訳後タウ改変をモデュレーションする能力について選択することができる。
i)請求項1〜6のいずれか記載のin vitroスクリーニング法を行うことによって、タウとFKBP52タンパク質との間の相互作用をモデュレーションする化合物についてスクリーニングすること、および
ii)ステップi)の終わりに正に選択された化合物を、それらのタウ介在性細胞機能、タウ蓄積、タウ凝集および全ての翻訳後タウ改変についてスクリーニングすること。
(1)細胞を、ステップi)の終わりに正に選択された化合物と接触させること、
(2)化合物がタウ介在性細胞機能、タウ蓄積、タウ凝集および全ての翻訳後タウ改変をモデュレーションする潜在能力を決定すること、
(3)ステップ(2)で決定されたタウ介在性細胞機能、タウ蓄積、タウ凝集および全ての翻訳後タウ改変を、ステップ(1)が前記の正に選択された化合物の不在下で行われた場合に決定されたタウ介在性細胞機能、タウ蓄積、タウ凝集および全ての翻訳後タウ改変と比較すること。
本発明の一態様によると、候補化合物は、ペプチド、ペプチド模倣体、有機小分子、抗体、アプタマーまたは核酸から成る群より選択されることがある。例えば、本発明による候補化合物は、予め合成された化合物のライブラリー、または構造がデータベースから決定された化合物のライブラリー、またはde novo合成された化合物のライブラリーから選択することができる。
さらなる局面では、本発明は、タウ機能不全を伴う神経障害の予防および治療のための方法であって、それを必要とする対象にタウとFKBP52タンパク質との間の相互作用をモデュレーションする化合物の治療有効量を投与することを含む方法を提供する。該化合物は、本発明のスクリーニング法によって確認されることがある。
本発明のさらなる局面は、診断アッセイ、予後アッセイ、およびモニタリングアッセイに関係する。
材料および方法
抗体および試薬:抗タウmAB(クローンDC25)および抗タウmAB(Tau5)は、それぞれSigmaおよびCalbiochem製であった。抗FKBP52 pAB761は、記載の通りであった(9)。GTPはSigma製であり、ドキシサイクリンはClontech製であった。
H7C2細胞の生成:pTRE2−FKBP52を得るために、ウサギFKBP52をコードするcDNAをpTRE2ベクター(Clontech)のHindIIIおよびAccI制限部位に挿入した。リバーステトラサイクリン制御性トランス活性化因子を発現する市販のPC12 Tet−on細胞系(Clontech)においてリポフェクタミン(商標)(Invitrogen)を使用して100μgのpTR2−FKBP52および10μgのpTK−ヒグロマイシンのトランスフェクションを実施した。安定にトランスフェクションされた細胞を、100μg/mlヒグロマイシンを用いて選択し、個別にスクリーニングした。
タウFKBP52の結合:いくつかの脳領域由来のサイトゾルタンパク質のウエスタンブロットによって示されるように、FKBP52は脳内に広く分布する(図1)。微小管安定性に及ぼすFKBP52の作用にMAPが関与しうるかどうかを検討するために(9)、セファロースビーズに結合したGST−FKBP52を、成体ラット脳から調製された微小管サイトゾルと共にインキュベーションしてGSTプルダウンアッセイを実施した。特異的に結合したタンパク質を、MAP1b、MAP2およびタウに対する抗体を使用した免疫ブロッティングによって分析した。これらの実験条件において、MAP1bまたはMAP2についての免疫反応性は観察されず、タウの免疫反応性が存在した(図2A)。ラット脳ホモジェネートにおいて、タウは、様々なリン酸化度を有する、異なるスプライスアイソフォームを表す複数のバンドとして現れる。いくつかのタウ種は、GST−FKBP52を使用したラット脳サイトゾル微小管のプルダウン実験でも見出された。タウの免疫反応性は、精製GSTを使用した対照では検出されなかった(図2A)。この結合の特異性を確認するために、成体ラット脳サイトゾルの微小管を、FKBP52に対するポリクローナル抗体と共に免疫沈降させた。モノクローナルタウ抗体を用いたウエスタンブロッティングによって免疫沈降物を分析した。タウは、免疫前血清ではなくFKBP52と共に免疫共沈した(図2B)。したがって、タウとFKBP52とは、ラット脳内で複合体を形成する。これらの実験は、FKBP52へのタウの結合が直接的であるかどうかにも、それが追加的な因子を必要とするかどうかにも取組むものではない。これを検討するために、リコンビナントタウ(hT40、E. coliにおいて発現および精製された最長のアイソフォーム)をニトロセルロース上にスポットし、精製リコンビナントFKBP52と共にインキュベーションした。次に、タウによって隔離されたタンパク質を、FKBP52に対するポリクローナル抗体を用いて検出した。図2Cに示すように、FKBP52は、GSTによってではなくタウによって用量依存的に保持された。これらの結果から、FKBP52とタウとの間の直接相互作用が示される。
本発明者らは、この新たに発見されたFKBP52の「抗タウ」活性のおかげで、本来ホルモンステロイドレセプターのモデュレーターとして確認およびクローニングされた(8,22)このタンパク質の機能を再調査することになる。FKPB52は、ペプチジルプロリルイソメラーゼ(「ロタマーゼ」)セグメントを包含する多モジュールタンパク質であって、その機能は、FK506(23)、ラパマイシンおよびいくつかの関係する非免疫抑制誘導体によって遮断される。FKBP52とPin1と(両タンパク質は、ペプチジル−プロリルイソメラーゼ(PPIase)活性および特異的タンパク質−タンパク質相互作用ドメイン(7)を有する)の間には、顕著な構造類似性がある。Pin1 PPIase活性は、アルツハイマー病モデルにおいてリン酸化タウタンパク質の機能を回復させるので(7)、タウとFKBP52との間に観察された相互作用は、アルツハイマー病を含めたタウオパチーの病原にとって意味をもつ可能性がある。FKBP12とは異なり(24)、FKBP52はカルシニューリンと結合しないことから(25)、FKBP52がFK506の免疫抑制能を仲介しないことも忘れてはならない。したがって、非免疫抑制性FK506/ラパマイシン誘導体によるFKBP52のロタマーゼ活性の薬理学的モデュレーションは、ミスフォールディングしたタウの病原作用を防止/軽減するための新規なアプローチを提供する可能性がある。
タウタンパク質凝集物は、複数の神経変性疾患の特徴である。(Delacourte A and Bue L, 2000)。in vitroタウ凝集に関する条件の研究は、酸化条件、ヘパリンなどのポリアニオンおよびアラキドン酸などの脂肪酸による誘導を含めた、異なる実験系につながっている(Barghorn S and Mandelkow E, 2002)。
National BrainBank(GIE NeuroCEB)の利用により得られたヒト前脳前皮質を、10mMトリス、0.32Mサッカロース、1mM DTTおよびプロテアーゼ阻害剤のカクテルを含有する5容量の緩衝液中で均一化した。そのホモジェネートを、14000RPMで4℃で5分間遠心分離した。上清を可溶性画分として使用した。同条件で均一化することによってペレットを可溶化し、不溶性画分として使用した。可溶性画分および不溶性画分中のFKBP52レベルをウエスタンブロッティングによって分析した。可溶性画分および不溶性画分中のFKBP52レベルは、総FKBP52のそれぞれ80%および20%に相当する。
本出願にわたり、様々な参考文献が、本発明が属する技術の現状を説明している。これらの参考文献の開示は、本明細書によって参照により本開示に組入れられる。
Claims (7)
- タウ機能不全を伴う神経障害の予防および治療のための薬物をスクリーニングするための方法であって、以下のステップ:
a)候補化合物がタウポリペプチドとFKBP52ポリペプチドとの間の相互作用をモデュレーションする能力を決定すること、および
b)該相互作用をモデュレーションする候補化合物を選択すること
を含む方法。 - ステップa)が、以下のステップ:
a1)被験候補化合物を、第一タウポリペプチドまたはその実質的に相同もしくは実質的に類似のアミノ酸配列と、第二FKBP52ポリペプチドまたはその実質的に相同もしくは実質的に類似のアミノ酸配列との混合物と接触させること、
a2)該候補化合物が、該タウポリペプチドと該第二FKBP52ポリペプチドとの間の結合をモデュレーションする能力を決定すること
から成る、請求項1記載の方法。 - タウポリペプチドまたはFKBP52ポリペプチドが、検出可能な分子でラベルされている、請求項1または2記載の方法。
- タウポリペプチドが、第一フルオロフォア物質でラベルされており、FKBP52ポリペプチドが、第二フルオロフォア物質でラベルされている、請求項3記載の方法。
- タウポリペプチドとFKBP52ポリペプチドとの結合が、第二フルオロフォア物質の発光波長値で発光された蛍光シグナル強度を測定することによって検出されるように、第一フルオロフォア物質が、該第二フルオロフォア物質の励起波長値に感知可能に等しい発光波長値を有する、請求項4記載の方法。
- 候補化合物が、ペプチド、ペプチド模倣体、有機小分子、抗体、アプタマーまたは核酸から成る群より選択される、請求項1〜5のいずれか記載の方法。
- タウ機能不全を伴う神経障害の予防および治療のための薬物をスクリーニングするための方法であって、以下のステップ:
i)請求項1〜6のいずれか記載のin vitroスクリーニング法を行うことによって、タウとFKBP52タンパク質との間の相互作用をモデュレーションする化合物についてスクリーニングすること、および
ii)ステップi)の終わりに選択された化合物を、該化合物のタウ介在性細胞機能、タウ蓄積、タウ凝集および全ての翻訳後タウ改変についてスクリーニングすること。
を含む方法。
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