JP5670835B2 - 銀錯体 - Google Patents
銀錯体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5670835B2 JP5670835B2 JP2011117302A JP2011117302A JP5670835B2 JP 5670835 B2 JP5670835 B2 JP 5670835B2 JP 2011117302 A JP2011117302 A JP 2011117302A JP 2011117302 A JP2011117302 A JP 2011117302A JP 5670835 B2 JP5670835 B2 JP 5670835B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- group
- carbon atoms
- formula
- silver complex
- light emitting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 53
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 53
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 title claims description 53
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 52
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 74
- -1 platinum group metal complex Chemical class 0.000 description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 33
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 25
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 19
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 17
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 15
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 13
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 12
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 10
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 10
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 10
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- MZYDBGLUVPLRKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-(3-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)carbazole Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC(N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)=CC=C1 MZYDBGLUVPLRKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 7
- DNKGIDURJINUOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,9-dichloro-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)N=C2C3=NC(Cl)=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DNKGIDURJINUOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 5
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 5
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000004106 butoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 125000002510 isobutoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001494 silver tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000003707 hexyloxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 3
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004115 pentoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(Cl)Cl QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001615 alkaline earth metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- QHRVFPPZMPHYHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methylphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1PC1=CC=CC=C1C QHRVFPPZMPHYHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNHIGQDRGKUECZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(ii) dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Pd+2].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 YNHIGQDRGKUECZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000547 conjugated polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000008376 fluorenones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940079865 intestinal antiinfectives imidazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SJCKRGFTWFGHGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium silver Chemical compound [Mg].[Ag] SJCKRGFTWFGHGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FCPRDUXJWIUVPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;methoxybenzene;bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].COC1=CC=CC=[C-]1 FCPRDUXJWIUVPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XKBGEWXEAPTVCK-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyltrioctylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCC[N+](C)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC XKBGEWXEAPTVCK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007645 offset printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001282 organosilanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004866 oxadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000007978 oxazole derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassiosodium Chemical compound [Na].[K] BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940042055 systemic antimycotics triazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- CXNIUSPIQKWYAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N xantphos Chemical compound C=12OC3=C(P(C=4C=CC=CC=4)C=4C=CC=CC=4)C=CC=C3C(C)(C)C2=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 CXNIUSPIQKWYAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UWRZIZXBOLBCON-VOTSOKGWSA-N (e)-2-phenylethenamine Chemical class N\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 UWRZIZXBOLBCON-VOTSOKGWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPVAHOUXGQHEOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethylene epoxide Chemical compound ClC1(Cl)CO1 DPVAHOUXGQHEOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical group C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=NC2=C1 BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VERMWGQSKPXSPZ-BUHFOSPRSA-N 1-[(e)-2-phenylethenyl]anthracene Chemical class C=1C=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C2C=1\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 VERMWGQSKPXSPZ-BUHFOSPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZNBLSJQZFYSPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octyl-9h-fluorene Chemical compound C1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1C(CCCCCCCC)=CC=C2 BZNBLSJQZFYSPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SULWTXOWAFVWOY-PHEQNACWSA-N 2,3-bis[(E)-2-phenylethenyl]pyrazine Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1/C=C/C1=NC=CN=C1\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 SULWTXOWAFVWOY-PHEQNACWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZNVUJQVZSTENZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(=O)C(C#N)=C(C#N)C1=O HZNVUJQVZSTENZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YMMGRPLNZPTZBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydrothieno[2,3-b][1,4]dioxine Chemical compound O1CCOC2=C1C=CS2 YMMGRPLNZPTZBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MVWPVABZQQJTPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-diphenylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione Chemical class O=C1C=CC(=O)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 MVWPVABZQQJTPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004974 2-butenyl group Chemical group C(C=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000006024 2-pentenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RXELBMYKBFKHSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC=NC=N1 RXELBMYKBFKHSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004975 3-butenyl group Chemical group C(CC=C)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004800 4-bromophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1Br 0.000 description 1
- KOOOIWAMHCJZDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7,7-bis(4-bromophenyl)bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-trien-8-amine Chemical compound NC1C2=CC=CC=C2C1(C=1C=CC(Br)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 KOOOIWAMHCJZDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZYASLTYCYTYKFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-methylidenefluorene Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(=C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 ZYASLTYCYTYKFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000882 C2-C6 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000538 pentafluorophenyl group Chemical group FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(*)C(F)=C1F 0.000 description 1
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- 229920006287 phenoxy resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229940005642 polystyrene sulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazol-3-one Chemical class O=C1C=CN=N1 JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003219 pyrazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical class C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003378 silver Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBLZDCFTQSIIOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;perchlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC KBLZDCFTQSIIOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiopyran Chemical compound S1C=CC=C=C1 IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoroacetic acid Substances OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
Description
そのため、コスト面で有利である安価な金属を用いる錯体が、種々検討されている(非特許文献1)。
〔1〕下記式(1)で表される銀錯体。
式(2)で表される1価の芳香族基は、ベンゼン環を構成する炭素原子に結合する水素原子の一部又は全部が炭素原子数1〜6のヒドロカルビルオキシ基又は炭素原子数1〜6のヒドロカルビル基に置換されていてもよい。但し、R2は炭素原子数1〜6のヒドロカルビルオキシ基又は炭素原子数1〜6のヒドロカルビル基を表す。
式(1)中、Ar2は、下記式r1’、r2’、r5’又はr6’で表される2価の基であり、ベンゼン環を構成する炭素原子に結合する水素原子の一部又は全部が、炭素原子数1〜6のアルキル基に置換されていてもよい。式r1’、r2’、r5’及びr6’中、*印は、リン原子との結合部位を表す。
〔2〕下記式(3)で表される、上記〔1〕に記載の銀錯体。
〔4〕上記〔1〕から〔3〕のいずれか一項に記載の銀錯体を含む発光素子。
本発明の銀錯体は、発光材料としての利用に好適である。発光性の観点からは、本発明の銀錯体の好ましい一形態として、室温空気下において、固体発光量子効率が0.5%以上を示す銀錯体が挙げられる。
式(2)中、*印は、リン原子との結合部位を表す。
式(2)で表される1価の芳香族基は、ベンゼン環を構成する炭素原子に結合する水素原子の一部又は全部が炭素原子数1〜6のヒドロカルビルオキシ基又は炭素原子数1〜6のヒドロカルビル基に置換されていてもよい。但し、R2は炭素原子数1〜6のヒドロカルビルオキシ基又は炭素原子数1〜6のヒドロカルビル基を表す。
(a)陽極/正孔注入層/(正孔輸送層)/発光層/陰極
(b)陽極/発光層/電子注入層/(電子輸送層)/陰極
(c)陽極/正孔注入層/(正孔輸送層)/発光層/電子注入層/(電子輸送層)/陰極(d)陽極/発光層/(電子輸送層)/電子注入層/陰極
(e)陽極/正孔注入層/(正孔輸送層)/発光層/(電子輸送層)/電子注入層/陰極
実施例中、i−Prはイソプロピル基を、OMeはメトキシ基を意味する。
NMR測定には、Varian社製、300MHzNMRスペクトロメータ−を用いた。
2,9−ジクロロ−1,10−フェナントロリンを、Bull.Chem.Soc.Jpn.65,2007−2009(1992)に記載の方法で合成した。1,2−フェニレン〔ビス(2−メチルフェニル)〕ホスフィンを、Organometallics,23,6077−6079(2004)に記載の方法で合成した。
アルゴン雰囲気下、テトラフルオロホウ酸銀(I)(31.5mg,0.162mmol)のジクロロメタン1mL溶液に、1,2−フェニレンビス[ビス(2−メチルフェニル)]ホスフィン(81.3mg,0.162mmol)を加え、室温で10分間撹拌した。反応液に2,9−ジクロロ−1,10−フェナントロリン(46.4mg,0.186mmol)を加え、室温で10分間撹拌した。反応液をろ過し、ろ液を濃縮し、ジクロロエタン−エーテルでスローディフュージョンによる再結晶を行い、乾燥させて淡黄色固体の錯体を130mg(収率85.2%)得た。
1,2−フェニレン〔ビス(2−イソプロピルフェニル)〕ホスフィンを、Organometallics,23,6077−6079(2004)に記載の方法で合成した。
アルゴン雰囲気下、テトラフルオロホウ酸銀(I)(15.2mg,0.0778mmol)のジクロロメタン1mL溶液に、1,2−フェニレンビス[ビス(2−イソプロピルフェニル)]ホスフィン(47.8mg,0.0778mmol)を加え、室温で10分間撹拌した。反応液に2,9−ジクロロ−1,10−フェナントロリン(19.4mg,0.0778mmol)を加え、40℃で5分間撹拌した。反応液を濃縮乾燥させて淡黄色固体の錯体を定量的に(82.3mg)得た。
アルゴン雰囲気下、o−ビス(ジクロロホスフィノ)ベンゼン(2.08g,7.43mmol)のTHF(50mL)溶液を−15℃に冷却し、1mol/Lの2−メトキシフェニルマグネシウムブロミドのTHF溶液(60.2mL,2−メトキシフェニルマグネシウムブロミドとして60.2mmol)を15分間かけて滴下した。反応液を室温まで自然昇温させて終夜撹拌し、更に50℃で3時間撹拌した。反応液を−10℃に冷却し、1mol/Lの塩化アンモニウム水溶液(75mL)を滴下した。得られた溶液を減圧濃縮した後、クロロホルムを加えて抽出し、有機層を水で洗浄した。有機層をセライトろ過し、ろ液を無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥し、ろ過した。ろ液を減圧濃縮し、残渣をクロロホルムで懸濁ろ過した。ろ物をヘキサンとクロロホルムで洗浄し、無色固体の1,2−フェニレン〔ビス(2−メトキシフェニル)〕ホスフィンを2.53g(収率60.1%)得た。
アルゴン雰囲気下、テトラフルオロホウ酸銀(I)(10.7mg,0.0550mmol)のジクロロメタン1mL溶液に、1,2−フェニレンビス[ビス(2−メトキシフェニル)]ホスフィン(31.1mg,0.0550mmol)を加え、室温で10分間撹拌した。反応液に2,9−ジクロロ−1,10−フェナントロリン(13.7mg,0.0550mmol)を加え、40℃で5分撹拌した。反応液を濃縮乾燥させて淡黄色固体の錯体を定量的に(55.5mg)得た。
アルゴン雰囲気下、テトラフルオロホウ酸銀(I)(27.5mg,0.141mmol)のジクロロメタン8mL溶液に、4,5−ビス(ジフェニルホスフィノ)−9,9−ジメチルキサンテン(81.7mg,0.141mmol)を加え、室温で15分間撹拌した。反応液に2,9−ジクロロ−1,10−フェナントロリン(44.0mg,0.177mmol)を加え、1時間加熱し還流した。反応液をろ過し、ろ液を濃縮し、クロロホルム−エーテルでスローディヒュージョンによる再結晶を行い、乾燥させて淡黄色固体の錯体を135mg(収率93.5%)得た。
(1)固体発光波長:
錯体及び膜の発光スペクトルは蛍光分光光度計(JOBINYVON−SPEX社製、Fluorolog−Tau3)を用いて測定した。
量子効率は、量子効率測定装置(住友重機械メカトロニクス社製)にて測定した。
該機器構成は以下の通りである。光源はKimmon社製クラス3BのHe−Cd式CWレーザーを用いた。出射部にOFR社製のNDフィルターFDU0.5を挿入し、光ファイバーで積分球へ導いた。住友重機械メカトロニクス社製のオプテル部の積分球、ポリクロメータ、及びCCDマルチチャンネル検出器を介し、KEYTHLEY社製の型式2400ソースメーターを連結して、一般的なノート型PCに接続した。
錯体の固体発光量子効率の測定は、次のように行った。
サンプル調製は以下の通りで行った。室温空気下、18mm角、厚さ0.3mmの2枚の石英板に、上記実施例あるいは比較例で合成した錯体およそ1.5mgを挟み込み、10mm×5mm程度の楕円形に引き伸ばし、固定した。
上記の方法で固体発光量子効率を求めたところ、実施例1の銀錯体は59%(最大発光波長は518nm)、比較例1の銀錯体は33%(最大発光波長は526nm)であった。
ホスト材料中に銀錯体をドープして形成した膜の発光量子効率を次のようにして測定した。
室温空気下、実施例1、実施例2、実施例3又は比較例1で合成した錯体0.70mgと1,3−ビス(カルバゾール−9−イル)ベンゼン3.50mgとの混合物をクロロホルム350mgに溶かし、10mm×20mmの石英基板に9滴落とし、風乾させて膜サンプルを調製した。これを、窒素雰囲気下にて量子効率測定装置(住友重機械メカトロニクス社製)の積分球内に設置し、前記固体発光量子効率の測定と同様の条件にて、発光量子効率を測定した。
ポリ(9−ビニルカルバゾール)(Aldrich社製、カタログ記載のMn=35000,Mw<70000)中の発光量子効率は、上記1,3−ビス(カルバゾール−9−イル)ベンゼンをポリ(9−ビニルカルバゾール)に変えた以外は、1,3−ビス(カルバゾール−9−イル)ベンゼン中の発光量子効率と同様の方法で測定したところ、実施例1の銀錯体は12%(最大発光波長は521nm)、実施例3の銀錯体は20%(最大発光波長は550nm)、比較例1の銀錯体は7%(最大発光波長は506nm)であった。
厚さ150nmのITO膜が付着したガラス基板上に、ポリ(3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン)/ポリスチレンスルホン酸(Bayer製、商品名:Bytron P AI4083)の懸濁液をスピンコート法(1000rpmで15秒間、1500rpmで60秒間)により塗布し、厚さ80nmの塗膜を得た。この塗膜を設けた基板を、ホットプレート上で170℃、10分間乾燥させた。その後、基板を室温まで自然冷却させ、正孔注入層が形成された基板を得た。
還流冷却器及びオーバーヘッドスターラを装備した三つ口丸底フラスコに、2,7−ビス(1,3,2−ジオキシボロール)−9,9−ジ(1−オクチル)フルオレン(3.86g,7.28mmol)、N,N−ジ(p−ブロモフェニル)−N−(4−(ブタン−2−イル)フェニル)アミン(3.18g,6.92mmol)及びジ(4−ブロモフェニル)ベンゾシクロブタンアミン(156mg,0.364mmol)を入れた。そこに、メチルトリオクチルアンモニウムクロライド(アルドリッチ製、商品名Aliquat336(登録商標))(2.29g)、トルエン50mL、及びジクロロビス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(II)[PdCl2(PPh3)2](4.90mg)を順次添加した。得られた混合物を、105℃の油浴中で15分間撹拌した。混合物に2.0mol/Lの炭酸ナトリウム水溶液(14mL)を添加し、105℃の油浴中で更に16.5時間撹拌した。次いで、フェニルボロン酸(500mg)を添加し、得られた混合物を7時間撹拌した。反応液に水50mLを加え、抽出して水層を除去した。こうして得られた有機層を還流冷却器及びオーバーヘッドスターラを装備した三つ口丸底フラスコに移し、ジエチルジチオカルバミン酸ナトリウム0.750g及び水50mLを添加した。得られた混合物を85℃の油浴中で16時間撹拌した。反応液に水を加え、抽出して水層を除去する操作を3回繰り返した後、有機層をシリカゲル及び塩基性アルミナのカラムに通した。溶離剤としてトルエンを用い、溶出してきたポリマーを含むトルエン溶液を回収した。回収した前記トルエン溶液をメタノールに注いでポリマーを沈殿させた。沈殿したポリマーを再度トルエンに溶解させ、得られたトルエン溶液をメタノールに注いでポリマーを再び沈殿させた。沈殿したポリマーを60℃で真空乾燥し、正孔輸送性高分子材料4.20gを得た。得られた正孔輸送性高分子材料のポリスチレン換算の重量平均分子量(Mw)及び分子量分布指数[重量平均分子量(Mw)/数平均分子量(Mn)]をゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィーにより測定した。その結果、得られた正孔輸送性高分子材料のMwは1.24×105であり、Mw/Mnは2.8であった。
Claims (4)
- 下記式(1)で表される銀錯体。
式(2)で表される1価の芳香族基は、ベンゼン環を構成する炭素原子に結合する水素原子の一部又は全部が炭素原子数1〜6のヒドロカルビルオキシ基又は炭素原子数1〜6のヒドロカルビル基に置換されていてもよい。但し、R2は炭素原子数1〜6のヒドロカルビルオキシ基又は炭素原子数1〜6のヒドロカルビル基を表す。
式(1)中、Ar2は、下記式r1’、r2’、r5’又はr6’で表される2価の基であり、ベンゼン環を構成する炭素原子に結合する水素原子の一部又は全部が、炭素原子数1〜6のアルキル基に置換されていてもよい。式r1’、r2’、r5’及びr6’中、*印は、リン原子との結合部位を表す。
- 請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の銀錯体を含む発光素子。
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