JP5657111B2 - 車両用大気浄化装置およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
車両用大気浄化装置およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5657111B2 JP5657111B2 JP2013517813A JP2013517813A JP5657111B2 JP 5657111 B2 JP5657111 B2 JP 5657111B2 JP 2013517813 A JP2013517813 A JP 2013517813A JP 2013517813 A JP2013517813 A JP 2013517813A JP 5657111 B2 JP5657111 B2 JP 5657111B2
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- ozone
- activated carbon
- vehicle
- catalyst
- radiator
- Prior art date
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000004887 air purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 186
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 168
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 94
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 93
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 43
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 23
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000005949 ozonolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 4
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006552 photochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Description
車両の走行時に大気の流路が形成される箇所に配置された車両構成部品と、
前記車両構成部品の表面に形成されたオゾン浄化体であって、標準電極電位の異なる二種類以上の金属からなるオゾン浄化触媒を含むオゾン浄化体と、
を備えることを特徴とする。
前記オゾン浄化体が、オゾン浄化機能を有するオゾン浄化物質を更に含むことを特徴とする。
前記オゾン浄化物質が、前記オゾン浄化触媒を担持可能な多孔質体であることを特徴とする。
前記オゾン浄化物質は活性炭であり、
前記活性炭の粒子表面が、前記オゾン浄化触媒で被覆されていることを特徴とする。
前記車両構成部品はラジエータであり、
前記オゾン浄化体は、前記ラジエータの表面に単層膜として形成されたものであることを特徴とする。
前記オゾン浄化触媒は、
Co、Ni、Cu、Fe、Sn、Rh、Ir、Pd、Pt、Ag、Au、RuおよびOsからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの金属を主成分とする第1触媒成分と、
前記第1触媒成分に担持され、前記第1触媒成分の主成分に使用する金属よりも標準電極電位の高い金属を主成分とする第2触媒成分と、
を備えることを特徴とする。
無電解めっき法を用いて、標準電極電位の異なる二種類以上の金属からなるオゾン浄化触媒を含むオゾン浄化体を調製する工程と、
前記オゾン浄化体をスラリー化し、スプレー法を用いて車両構成部品の表面に塗布する工程と、
を備えることを特徴とする。
以下、図1乃至図10を参照しながら、本発明の実施の形態について説明する。図1は、本実施形態の大気浄化装置を搭載した車両の構成を示す概略図である。車両10は、動力装置としての内燃機関12を備えている。内燃機関12から排出される排気ガスには、HCやNOxが含まれている。オゾンはHCやNOxを反応物として光化学反応により生成される。そのため、内燃機関12を備える車両10に大気浄化装置を搭載し、車両10の走行中に大気中のオゾンを浄化することで、車両10が環境に与える影響を低減することができる。
図2のオゾン浄化体層22を構成する活性炭は、二酸化マンガン等の金属酸化物に匹敵するオゾン浄化性能を有し、かつ、安価に入手が可能であるため、オゾン浄化用の金属酸化物の代替品として有望視されているものである。また、活性炭は、ラジエータの通水温度域(通常80℃〜100℃)や、ハイブリッド用ラジエータの通水温度域(通常50℃〜70℃)のみならず、常温(25℃)域においてもオゾンを浄化できるので、約80℃以上の高い浄化温度を必要とする上記金属酸化物に比して有用である。
O3→O3 − ・・・(1)
O3 −→O2+O− ・・・(2)
C+O→CO ・・・(3)
C+2O→CO2 ・・・(4)
O3→O3 − ・・・(5)
O3 −→O2+O− ・・・(6)
上記式(5)、(6)の反応は、上記式(1)、(2)と同一の反応である。従って、上記オゾン浄化触媒を活性炭と併用すれば、活性炭へのガス接触確率を相対的に低下しつつ、上記式(5)や(6)の反応を利用したオゾン浄化が可能となる。
O−+O3 −→2O2 ・・・(7)
上記式(7)の反応は、上記式(5)、(6)の反応のみならず上記式(1)、(2)の反応により生じたO3 −やO−を利用できる。従って、上記オゾン浄化触媒を活性炭と併用すれば、活性酸素による活性炭の酸化反応(上記式(3)、式(4)の反応)を抑制できる。
次に、図9および図10を参照しながら、本実施形態の大気浄化装置の製造方法を説明する。図9は、図1のラジエータ14の製造フロー図である。図9に示すように、図1のラジエータ14は、(1)粉体メッキ処理工程および(2)コーティング工程を経ることにより製造される。
ところで、上記実施形態においては、活性炭粒子24の周囲を覆うようにオゾン浄化触媒層26を形成した。しかしながら、オゾン浄化触媒層26は、全ての活性炭粒子24の周囲に形成されていなくてよいし、活性炭粒子24の全周囲に形成されていなくてもよい。即ち、一部の活性炭粒子24の周囲に、オゾン浄化触媒層26の非被覆箇所が存在していてもよい。
第1に、活性炭の代わりにゼオライトを用いてもよい。ゼオライトは、活性炭同様の高い比表面積を有するので、その表面に第1触媒成分26aや第2触媒成分26bを多く担持することが可能である。また、ゼオライトは、活性炭には劣るもののオゾン浄化機能を有する。そのため、その表面にオゾン浄化触媒層26を形成すれば、本実施形態同様、風速が速い環境下においても、オゾン浄化体の長寿命化を図ることが可能となる。なお、ゼオライトは活性炭と同時に用いてもよい。
第2に、活性炭の代わりに、酸化鉄、チタニア、アルミナやシリカを用いてもよい。酸化鉄、チタニア、アルミナやシリカは、比表面積は低いものの活性炭と同等のオゾン浄化性能を有する。そのため、酸化鉄等を活性炭の代わりに用いた場合であっても、それによるオゾン浄化が期待できる。なお、酸化鉄等は活性炭と同時に用いてもよい。
第3に、活性炭を用いずに、オゾン浄化触媒のみからオゾン浄化体を構成してもよい。オゾン浄化触媒は単独でもオゾン浄化機能を有するので、それによるオゾン浄化が期待できる。なお、オゾン浄化触媒のみを用いる場合、オゾン浄化体の粒子は、第1触媒成分26aを核として、その表面に第2触媒成分26bが担持された構造となる。
12 内燃機関
14、28 ラジエータ
16 コンデンサ
18 バンパーグリル
20、30 基材
22 オゾン浄化体層
24 活性炭粒子
26 オゾン浄化触媒層
26a 第1触媒成分
26b 第2触媒成分
32 活性炭層
34 オゾン浄化触媒粒子
36 スプレー
Claims (4)
- 車両の走行時に大気の流路が形成される箇所に配置された車両構成部品と、
前記車両構成部品の表面に形成されたオゾン浄化体であって、標準電極電位の異なる二種類以上の金属からなるオゾン浄化触媒と、前記オゾン浄化触媒でその表面が被覆された活性炭粒子とを含むオゾン浄化体と、
を備えることを特徴とする車両用大気浄化装置。 - 前記車両構成部品はラジエータであり、
前記オゾン浄化体は、前記ラジエータの表面に単層膜として形成されたものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車両用大気浄化装置。 - 前記オゾン浄化触媒は、
Co、Ni、Cu、Fe、Sn、Rh、Ir、Pd、Pt、Ag、Au、RuおよびOsからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの金属を主成分とする第1触媒成分と、
前記第1触媒成分に担持され、前記第1触媒成分の主成分に使用する金属よりも標準電極電位の高い金属を主成分とする第2触媒成分と、
を備えることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の車両用大気浄化装置。 - 請求項1乃至3何れか1項に記載の車両用大気浄化装置の製造方法であって、
無電解めっき法を用いて、標準電極電位の異なる二種類以上の金属からなるオゾン浄化触媒と、前記オゾン浄化触媒でその表面が被覆された活性炭粒子とを含むオゾン浄化体を調製する工程と、
前記オゾン浄化体をスラリー化し、スプレー法を用いて車両構成部品の表面に塗布する工程と、
を備えることを特徴とする車両用大気浄化装置の製造方法。
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