JP5650691B2 - Easy-to-operate metal carbonization furnace - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a carbonization furnace for making charcoal for fuel such as small logs, a carbonization furnace for making biochar for soil improvement materials for fields and mulching materials for twig chips, pest control and birds and beasts for smoke and wood vinegar. The present invention relates to a new structure of a metal-only carbonization furnace that is easy to operate without using a heat insulating material or a refractory heat insulating material in a carbonization furnace that functions as a repellent. The simple operation means that the charcoal can be put in easily and for a short time, that the time for whistling the charcoal is short, that no operation is required from ignition to completion of carbonization, It is easy to close the air in the furnace, the furnace temperature decreases in a short time, the work at the time of coal output is clean and completed in a short time, the furnace is easy to clean, strong wind, low temperature, rain, etc. Is not affected by the weather.

  Speaking of inexpensive metal carbonization furnaces for fuels, a simple lightweight carbonization furnace developed by the former Forestry Agency Forestry Experiment Station and currently developed by the Forest Experiment Mobile Carbonization Furnace and the Okayama Prefectural Forestry Experiment Station handled by the Charcoal Association. “Sumiyakeru” is currently on the market. In both cases, soil is dug, a furnace is installed on the soil, and soil is used as a joint material for the gap between the metal plates and as a heat insulating material for the furnace. In addition, currently commercially available as expensive carbonization furnaces are metal carbonization furnaces such as “Charcoal” from Thermal Co., Ltd., and metal products such as “Charcoal Grill Master” from Tesaki Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Although it is a carbonization furnace, fire-resistant and heat-insulating materials and heat-insulating materials are used in both products. As a simple and hand-made metal carbonization furnace, drum-type charcoal kilns are generally spread nationwide in both horizontal and vertical types of charcoal grills and international charcoal burning workshops. Naturally, the drum-type charcoal kiln also uses soil as a heat insulator.

  In this way, inexpensive metal carbonization furnaces require considerable labor to use soil as a foundation, joint material, or heat insulation material, and the difficulty of excavation work increases due to rainfall and the like. Or extra heat is required until the function as a heat insulating material comes out, and it is directly affected by the weather. In addition, it has the inconvenience of collecting dust after the completion of charcoal burning, heavy labor, and pulverized coal and dust dust. In other words, it has the disadvantage of having to use soil for hermeticity and high temperature retention. In addition, expensive metal carbonization furnaces use ceramic wool and refractory castables to maintain high temperatures, so they are freed from soil work, but ceramic wool has the disadvantage of becoming thinner during use. Refractory castables have the disadvantage of increasing the weight of the furnace.

  Speaking of simple metal carbonization furnaces for soil improvement materials, “Kunnenki” from Koran Sangyo Co., Ltd., which uses rice husk as a charcoal, “Kun Charcoal” from Kansai Sangyo Co., Ltd. Are currently on the market. Because of its simple structure, those who want it cheaper make it by hand. When putting the material or taking out the finished carbide, it can be tilted by the reversing support shaft and the gantry, so there is the convenience that the work of the pulverized coal is less and the work is reduced.

  However, in these carbonization furnaces, it is possible to carbonize dry branch chips and wood pieces that are less than 1/3 of the volume of the rice husks by wrapping them in the rice husks. Has the disadvantage that it cannot be carbonized. The reason for this is that there is a large amount of heat released from the carbonization furnace wall of the metal plate, and that air from the furnace bottom cannot reach the upper part of the furnace through the gap between the branch chips and wood pieces with density and moisture. The main reasons for all metal carbonization furnaces of manufacturers are that carbonization progresses gradually from upper charcoal to lower charcoal by top side ignition. In a metal carbonization furnace that carbonizes rice husks into charcoal, the structure is incapable of generating heat and maintaining high temperatures so that the branch chips and pieces of wood continue to be spontaneously carbonized.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 03-258895

“Drum can charcoal making ready to be done”, supervised by Sugiura Ginji and Takeshi Hirowaka, published by Somori Co., Ltd., Chapter 3, making a vertical drum can kiln, burning charcoal, pages 73-114.

  Inexpensive metal carbonization furnaces for fuels have the disadvantage that small logs and firewood cannot be carbonized unless they are used as a refractory material that keeps the soil at a high temperature, and the inconvenience of heavy labor and dust work to dig the soil . A metal carbonization furnace for soil improvement materials has the advantage of being inexpensive and easy to work with, but has the disadvantage that it cannot carbonize only chips with high moisture content or wood chips. In addition, when smoke or wood vinegar is used as pest control or repellent for birds and beasts, there is a demand for a carbonization furnace that is lightweight and easy to move. There is a need for a carbonization furnace that resolves these shortcomings and requirements with metal-only materials and structures.

  In order to continue spontaneous carbonization with a metal-only material and structure, it is necessary for air to sufficiently penetrate through the gaps in the carbonized material, and active heat generation from the carbonaceous material must continue. It is necessary to have a structure that creates a flow of combustion gas and carbonized wood gas that surrounds the material and maintains it at a high temperature.

  For farmers and satoyama people to use casually for a long time, instead of using gas or oil as an ignition material for the carbonization furnace, anyone can use local branches and firewood, and it is easy to operate. Must be usable. It is necessary to complete the ignition work in about 20 minutes even if you do not have a fan with a fan for 1 to 2 hours, and no other operation is necessary during carbonization. This is possible, and it is necessary to have a structure in which carbonization proceeds without any influence from sudden strong winds and rain.

  It is necessary to provide a reversal support shaft that tilts the furnace so that the coal removal work and cleaning can be performed easily, and to make the frame a carbonization furnace structure that can be set with pullers and wheels that can move anywhere.

  As a result of repeated experiments to solve the above problems, the present invention has been completed. According to the first aspect of the present invention, it is possible to obtain charcoal and carbides of sufficient quality both as fuel and as a soil conditioner for fields using raw small logs, bushes, branch chips, etc. with a high water content. We were able to provide a carbonization furnace made of metal-only materials and structures that do not use insulation.

  In order to continue the active heat generation, a strong draft is obtained by directly conducting the heat of spontaneous carbonization of the carbonized material to the heating flue provided in the center of the carbonization furnace and heating the flue gas in the heating flue. It is necessary to create a structure in which heat is continuously generated by forcibly supplying the carbonized material with new air as a result of this, forcing it to be discharged outside the furnace. Collected the combustion gas and carbonized wood gas on the bottom of the furnace, and provided a convex air / smoke partition plate with an inclination so that the collected exhaust gas was focused in the middle, and a heated smoke exhaust pipe was connected to the top of the stack.

  By setting the convex air / smoke exhaust partition plate slightly above the bottom of the furnace with the furnace side wall and air gap provided, a ceiling space, descending circulation space, and bottom space can be created so as to surround the carbonized material. A high-temperature space layer in which the combustion gas and carbonized wood gas flow is created, and it serves as a heat insulating layer that prevents the heat of the carbonized material from escaping outside the furnace as much as possible. In addition, the air supply pipe is set to extend to the middle of the convex air / smoke exhaust partition plate across the side wall / partition plate gap, so that the flow of combustion gas / carbonized wood gas in the descending circulation space and the combustion air are three-dimensional. I was able to cross.

  According to the invention of claim 2, the air supplied from the air supply pipe passes through the carbon material mounting rooster, passes through the carbonized material being spontaneously carbonized, reaches the ceiling space, and then around the heated smoke exhaust pipe. By creating a small space, the air, combustion gas, and carbonized wood gas were focused and raised, and a higher temperature combustion rising space was created, and the ceiling space was quickly reached. Due to this high temperature, the drafting force in the heated flue gas becomes stronger, flows from the combustion gas / carbonized wood gas ascending space to the ceiling space, flows through the descending circulation space, reaches the bottom space, and passes through the heated flue gas to the outside of the furnace. A forced and smooth flow of gas was discharged, and carbonization could be completed quickly.

  According to the invention of claim 3, in the case of carbonizing the dried carbonaceous material, the process proceeds from the ceiling space to the descending circulation space, reaches the bottom space, and is discharged out of the furnace through the chimney from the heating stack. By omitting the combustion gas / carbonized wood gas focusing cylinder ascending space and directly from the ceiling space, the combustion gas / carbonized wood gas is discharged from the chimney to the outside of the furnace in half the time of the carbonization furnace of claim 1. Carbonization could be completed.

  According to the invention of claim 4, since the carbonization furnace can be tilted, the work of putting in and out the carbonized material becomes easy, and the dust work is reduced. Also, the furnace can be easily cleaned. By attaching the handle and wheels, you can move the vinegar and smoke to pest control and bird or wildlife orchards and satoyama wherever you like. The carbonization furnace can be stored in

  There was no heavy labor for soil digging, jointing, or heat insulation, and it was freed from dust work in the dust after charcoal burning. No need for conventional charcoal burning knowledge, anyone can provide a metal carbonization furnace that can easily burn charcoal.

  This metal-only carbonization furnace is capable of carbonizing carbonized material from raw branch chips filled with raw small logs 15cm in diameter and 35cm in length until the charcoal storage cylinder is full. The necessary amount of air is supplied to the carbonized material from the air supply space between the air supply pipe and the carbonaceous material placing rostol, and the air passes through the carbonized material and enters the combustion gas / carbonized wood gas converging cylinder for heating and exhausting. It flows to the ceiling space along the combustion gas / carbonized wood gas ascending space, which is a gap with the smoke cylinder, and then flows to the descending circulation space between the side wall and the carbonaceous material storage cylinder. This is because of the function of removing the moisture of the carbonized material quickly outside the furnace with a forced gas circulation space structure that does not stay and passes through the plate gap and reaches the bottom space.

  In addition, as long as an ignition fire is made on the carbon material mounting rooster and carbonized material is introduced, the fire will not disappear midway due to the draft of the heated flue and the forced gas flow space structure. Carbonization continues without being affected by the weather such as rain, and the carbonization can be completed without any operation. This effect is not seen in conventional metal carbonization furnaces.

  Since everything is made of metal only, the temperature from the closing of the air at the time of carbonization to the furnace temperature decreases in a short time, the time from start to start is shortened, and the tilting allows the carbide to slide down and take out more efficiently. Was promoted, and the rotation of charcoal grilling was promoted. If it was dry charcoal, it was able to be burned in the morning and carbonization was completed by noon, the furnace was cooled, the carbide was taken out in the evening, and the furnace cleaning could be finished.

It is a top view of the carbonization furnace concerning one embodiment of the present invention. It is a side view of the carbonization furnace. It is a vertical side view by the FIG. 1A-A line of the carbonization furnace in the same carbonization furnace. It is a cross-sectional plan view by the FIG. 2B-B line of the carbonization furnace in the carbonization furnace. FIG. 4 is a partially explanatory longitudinal sectional side view of the carbonization furnace in FIG. 3 according to FIG. 3. FIG. 4 is a partially explanatory longitudinal sectional side view of the carbonization furnace in FIG. 3 according to FIG. 3. FIG. 4 is a partially explanatory longitudinal sectional side view of the carbonization furnace in FIG. 3 according to FIG. 3.

  It is natural that farmers and villagers will not use any great carbonization furnace unless it finds an effect and value for the price and cost. For the past few years, charcoal for fuel has been used as a soil conditioner. It seems that the production of carbides has been sluggish. However, it is also true that there are people who currently want to burn charcoal, and there are too many real cost-effective gaps, so it has a structure and high functionality that can be made only with metal at a low cost. The carbonization furnace will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7 as an example.

  In a cylindrical carbonization furnace 1 comprising a furnace ceiling lid 2 that can be opened and closed and a furnace side wall 1a, a furnace bottom face 1b, a cleaning inspection cover 5 having a pyroligneous acid dropping port 5a is attached to the lower outer center of the furnace bottom face 1b. The reversal support shaft 3 and the air supply pipe 4 are connected, and the chimney 2 a is attached to the furnace ceiling lid 2. In the inside of the carbonization furnace 1, a convex air / smoke exhaust partition plate 10 of a circular convex plate having a space of 30 mm around the side wall 1 a of the furnace is provided slightly above the bottom surface 1 b of the furnace, and a heated smoke exhaust pipe is provided at the top. In order to connect 8 in communication, the heated flue gas inlet 8b is opened. The heated smoke evacuation cylinder 8 communicates with the chimney insertion connection projection 2c of the chimney 2a extending from the furnace ceiling lid 2 into the furnace and the heating smoke evacuation insertion connection depression 8a, and the bottom space U communicates with the outside of the furnace. A carbonaceous material placing roostl 11 is installed about 50 mm above the convex air / smoke exhaust partition plate 10, and the air supply pipe 4 extending from the outside of the furnace to 1/3 of the inside of the furnace is placed on the circumference. Evenly arranged, this space is defined as an air supply space P. The carbonaceous material storage cylinder 7 is installed so as to hold the furnace side wall 1a and the 30 mm gap in a cylindrical shape, and this space is defined as a descending circulation space S. The carbonaceous material storage cylinder 7 is made of punched metal having a small hole with a diameter of 3 mm.

  In order to hold the carbonized material W and a 15 mm gap around the heated flue gas cylinder 8, a combustion gas / carbonized wood gas focusing cylinder 9 made of wire mesh is provided, and the space of this gap is defined as a combustion gas / carbonized wood gas rising space Q and To do. As a result, the gas flow enters the air supply space P from the air supply pipe 4, rises up the carbonaceous material placing roostl 11, penetrates the carbonized material W, and burns from the combustion gas / carbonized gas focusing tube 9 into the combustion gas / carbonized wood. Enter the gas rising space Q and proceed with the ceiling space R. It descends from the ceiling space R to the descending circulation space S, crosses the air supply pipe 4 three-dimensionally, passes through the side wall / partition plate gap T, enters the bottom space U, and the heated exhaust gas inlet 8b of the convex air / smoke exhaust partition plate 10 Flows from the chimney 2a to the outside of the furnace through the flue gas heating space V in the heating flue tube 8.

  Open the furnace ceiling lid 2, open the cap of the air supply hole 4a, burn the branches and firewood on the charcoal placement rooster 11 and burn them to a red charcoal state to make an ignition type Or, 4 kilograms of charcoal is thrown on the charcoal placement rostol 11 and ignited with dead branches such as cedar and made an ignition fire that is red hot in about 5 minutes. The carbonized material W is put on the ignition type without any gaps, and when it reaches the height of the heating exhaust pipe insertion connection recess 8a and the carbonaceous material storage cylinder 7, the injection is stopped, and the chimney insertion connection protrusion 2c attached to the furnace ceiling lid 2 And the furnace stack lid 2 are closed together with the heat exhaust tube insertion connection recess 8a. The raised flue 8 and the flue gas partition plate 10 under the charcoal placement rooster 11 are heated by the heat of the ignition fire, and a draft is generated in the air in the flue gas heating space V and the bottom space U. At the same time that the ceiling lid 2 was closed, the flue gas such as combustion gas and charcoal wood gas was exhausted strongly from the chimney 2a, and there was no longer the work of blowing the fan with a fan in a conventional charcoal kiln.

  Once the carbonization furnace 1 is ignited, the fire does not go out due to the structure and function of the furnace, and no other operation is required during carbonization, so other work can be done. Roughly the time to complete carbonization takes 8 to 10 hours for dry carbonized material W and 12 to 15 hours for raw carbonized material W. When the color of the smoke discharged from the chimney 2a changes from blue to purple and becomes colorless, the carbonization is completed. When the carbonization is completed, the air supply hole 4a is closed with a cap, and the air closing is completed by placing a brick on the chimney 2b and closing it. It takes 4 to 5 hours in the summer and 3 to 4 hours in the winter until the temperature of the carbonization furnace 1 decreases and the coal can be produced.

  After confirming that the carbonization furnace 1 has cooled, the furnace ceiling lid 2 is removed, the carbonization furnace 1 is tilted to the position where the finished charcoal is taken out, and the reverse fixed insertion rod 3b is inserted into the hole of the reverse fixed plate 3a. Fix and remove charcoal. The pulverized coal and ash are further tilted to complete the slip-down furnace cleaning.

When carbonizing the dried carbonized material W for a short time, remove the heated flue tube connection attachment 8c, place the heated flue tube top lid 8d, and discharge the combustion gas / carbonized wood gas directly to the chimney 2a within 4 hours. Then, the carbonization was completed, it took 3 to 4 hours to cool the carbonization furnace 1, 15 minutes to take out and clean the charcoal, and all work from ignition could be completed in about 8 hours in total.

  In addition, this invention is not restricted to the said embodiment, Various application utilization can be considered. For example, a large number of air supply pipes 4 from the furnace side wall 1a are evenly arranged on the convex air / smoke exhaust partition plate 10, but these are collectively branched in the furnace or circular air is provided in the furnace. Supplying from a pipe, and even with the convex air / smoke exhaust partition plate 10, the gap with the furnace side wall 1 a is not opened all around, but is provided at intervals, or the shape is loosely conical, It is possible to make a circular flat plate with a collar around it, or to make the charcoal container 7, the combustion gas / carbonized gas converging cylinder 9, and the charcoal mounting rooster 11 with a metal mesh, punching metal or expanded metal material. There are various ways to make them together.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Carbonization furnace 1a Furnace side wall 1b Furnace bottom 2 Furnace ceiling lid 2a Chimney 2b Chimney port 2c Chimney insertion connection convex part 3 Reverse support shaft 3a Reverse fixed plate 3b Reverse fixed insertion rod 4 Air supply pipe 4a Air supply hole 5 Cleaning inspection cover 5a Wood vinegar drop 6 Base 7 Charcoal material storage tube 8 Heated smoke tube 8a Heated smoke tube insertion connection recess 8b Heated smoke inlet 8c Heated smoke tube connection attachment 8d Heated smoke tube top lid 9 Combustion gas / carbonized wood gas focusing tube 10 Convex air / smoke exhaust partition plate 11 Charcoal material placement rostrum P Air supply space Q Combustion gas / carbonized wood gas rising space R Ceiling space S Down circulation space T Side wall / partition plate gap U Bottom space V Smoke exhaust heating space W Carbonized material X Flame Y Flow of air, combustion gas, carbonized wood gas Z Flow of smoke

Claims (4)

In a substantially cylindrical metal carbonization furnace consisting of a furnace ceiling lid that can be opened and closed, a furnace side wall, and a furnace bottom surface, the convex air of a circular convex plate holding a gap between the furnace bottom wall and the furnace bottom wall A flue gas divider is provided, and a large number of air supply pipes are evenly arranged from the furnace side wall to the convex air / fume flue gas divider plate from the outside of the furnace to the middle of the furnace, and the carbon material placed on the air supply pipe is placed. Air is supplied to the rooster, and a heating flue pipe that extends to the vicinity of the furnace ceiling lid is connected to the opening at the top of the convex surface of the partition plate, and communicates with the chimney provided on the furnace ceiling lid through an insertion connection. The exhaust on the bottom of the furnace is exhausted directly to the outside of the furnace, and air is supplied above the convex air / smoke exhaust partition plate, and the exhaust is focused and exhausted at the bottom. is carbonaceous material storage cylinder that is provided so as to keep the furnace side walls and the gap opens, the air flowing into the furnace, convex air From the air supply space during the flue gas partition plate and the carbonaceous material placed grate, after rising to a ceiling space through the carbonized material, the process proceeds to downward circulation space between the furnace side walls and the carbonaceous material containing cylinder, three-dimensional air supply pipe A carbonization furnace with a structure that crosses into the bottom space between the bottom of the furnace and the convex air / smoke partition plate and is discharged out of the furnace by a heated smoke stack and chimney.       2. The carbonization furnace according to claim 1, further comprising a metal combustion gas / carbonized wood gas converging cylinder through which gas can pass to provide a rising space for the combustion gas / carbonized wood gas around the heated flue gas cylinder.       The connection part of the heating flue pipe is a removable attachment, and a sealed lid that closes the top of the heat flue pipe or a lid with a few small holes is provided, and a small space from which the connection attachment is removed The carbonization furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 2, further comprising a structure for discharging combustion gas and carbonized wood gas directly to the chimney.       The carbonization furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a reversal support shaft and a frame are attached to the side wall of the carbonization furnace, and a handle and a wheel are attached to the frame.

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