RU26947U1 - DEVICE FOR COAL - Google Patents

Description

20021 LIM

mi

Coal producing device

The utility model relates to the field of pyrolysis of wood and its waste, as well as other types of raw materials containing organic substances.

A device for producing charcoal is known, including a furnace with a furnace, air ducts, chimneys and heated chambers with openings in which removable retorts are installed vertically, while the lower part of the retort is made in the form of a grate open to the heated chamber, the latter having at least three holes for retort installation, and air ducts and chimneys are equipped with gates; the furnace furnace is installed outside the heated chamber and connected to it by flues, and the walls of adjacent heated chambers form the walls of the furnace; in the wall between the heated chamber and the furnace, the main gas duct is made in the upper part of the furnace and the auxiliary gas duct in the lower part of the furnace for ignition in the chamber of combustible yarogas, cm, RU 2115689.

The process of obtaining charcoal in a known device is carried out in steel retorts without access to oxygen by heating to a temperature of about 450 ° C with flue gases entering

fire chamber pyrolysis chamber. Under the influence of heat, wood is first dried, and then it is thermally decomposed to carbon pyrolysis. In the process of pyrolysis, pyrogases are formed, which exit through the holes in the bottom of the retort and burn in the pyrolysis chamber with the release of additional heat. The known device has the following disadvantages. To obtain a temperature inside the retort of 450 ° C, the flue gases inside the pyrolysis chamber must have a temperature of 600 -. At a high temperature inside the pyrolysis chamber and existing safety requirements that limit the temperature of the outer walls of the apparatus to 55 ° C, the walls of the pyrolysis chamber have a complex structure and developed thermal insulation to prevent heat loss.

A more effective device for producing coal, including a furnace and a pyrolysis chamber with removable retorts. Removable retorts have blank top covers and are closed by heat-insulating covers sealed by sand seals, see EN 2150483.

This technical solution is taken as a prototype of this utility model.

Its disadvantage is the relatively inefficient heating of the retractable retorts with flue gases; In addition, to rearrange retort retorts, it is necessary to first remove heat-insulating

lids, place them in a place designated for temporary placement, then reinstall them in a non-working place; this complicates the operation of the device.

The basis of this utility model is the solution to the problem of increasing the efficiency of the device, as well as simplifying its operation.

According to a utility model, this problem is solved due to the fact that in a device for producing coal, including a combustion chamber and a pyrolysis chamber with removable retorts having blind top covers, as well as heat-insulating covers, the removable retorts are arranged in two or more rows in the pyrolysis chamber, this retorts adjacent rows are placed with a shift relative to each other in the direction of the axes along which the retorts are located in a row; heat-insulating lids are combined with blank top covers of removable retorts.

The applicant has not identified technical solutions that are identical to the claimed utility model, which allows us to conclude that it meets the criterion of "novelty.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

in FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section of a device;

The device for producing coal includes a housing 1, closed from above by a vault 2. Housing 1 in a specific example is divided by partitions 3 into a combustion chamber 4 and a pyrolysis chamber 5, interconnected by a channel 6. In the openings of the arch 2 there are removable retorts 7 having in the lower part gas distribution mechanisms 8, sand gates 9 and gas-vapor extractors 10. The pyrolysis chamber 5 is in communication with the atmosphere through a chimney 11, the combustion chamber 4 is in communication with the gas-vapor extractors 10 by means of gas exhaust pipes 12, Retorts 7 in the concrete prefecture example arranged in a pyrolysis chamber in two rows of four retort in each row; while the retorts of one row are placed with a shift relative to the retorts of the adjacent row in the direction of the axes along which the retorts are located in a row (figure 2). On top of the retort 7 have heat-insulating covers 13, which are combined with blank top covers of the retorts 7, heat-insulating covers 13 are sealed relative to the arch 2 by means of sand shutters 14,

The device operates as follows.

In the combustion chamber 4, fuel is burned and flue gases are obtained with a temperature of about 600-650 ° C. The flue gases through the channel 6 enter the pyrolysis chamber 5 and heat the retorts 7 with the raw materials loaded in them. As the temperature reaches 400-45 ° C inside the retort, thermal decomposition of the organic material occurs with the production of pyrolysis

gases and solid fraction in the form of coal. Pyrolysis gases under excessive pressure exit through the gas distribution device into the combustion chamber 4 and burn out in it. From the pyrolysis chamber 5, flue gases are removed through the chimney 11. Maintaining the required temperature is carried out due to the adjustable intake of air. Retorts in which the pyrolysis ended, with the finished coal, are removed by a lifting device and installed in a stand on a sand shutter for cooling. In this case, when retorting, separate operations with heat-insulating covers 13 are not required.

The operating mode of the apparatus is continuous in operation of the combustion chamber and periodic in the course of the process in each retort. The time shift between the operations of the extraction and installation of retorts ensures the stable operation of the device without sharp temperature fluctuations.

The device can be used wherever organic waste (residues) is generated, for example, in the forestry complex during timber harvesting and processing, and in agriculture for waste disposal (reed, straw, nutshells, residues from processing corn, sunflower and other plants).

The device is manufactured in the factory using conventional equipment and known materials, which determines, according to the applicant, its compliance with the criterion of "industrial applicability.

Claims (2)

1. A device for producing coal, including a combustion chamber and a pyrolysis chamber with removable retorts having blind top covers, as well as heat-insulating covers, characterized in that the extraction retorts are arranged in two or more rows in the pyrolysis chamber, while the retorts of adjacent rows are placed with a shift relative to each other in the direction of the axes along which the retorts are arranged in a row. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat-insulating lids are combined with blank top covers of removable retorts.