JP7231528B2 - Batch type carbonization equipment - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a batch-type carbonization apparatus that dry-distills and carbonizes substances to be carbonized.

Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-286489) describes a carbonization method that has a simple structure, can be miniaturized, has excellent durability and can reduce energy consumption, and can easily carbonize even low-grade heat-generating substances with low thermal conductivity. A furnace (carbonization apparatus) is disclosed.

The carbonization furnace described in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-286489) includes a combustion chamber equipped with a combustion burner on a side wall, a heating chamber connected to the combustion chamber and having a storage box for carbonization attached therein, and the A door that seals the entire opening of the heating chamber to shut off the outside air, a flue that guides the combustion exhaust gas to the chimney provided below the heating chamber, and a re-burner on the side wall that separates the flue and chimney. A carbonization furnace having a deodorizing chamber disposed therebetween, wherein the carbonization storage box includes a bottomed box body having an opening on the top surface, and a dry distillation gas discharge hole in the center and fitted into the opening of the box body. and a lid attached via a connecting means.

In Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-213269), it is possible to increase the surface area of the carbide to increase the calorific value and to produce a carbide with high carbon fixation stability. is shortened, the time for passing through the dry distillation furnace can be shortened, the apparatus can be downsized, and the trouble of tar attachment in the piping system leading volatile gas is less likely to occur.

The high-temperature carbonization apparatus described in Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-213269) is a gas flow path through which the exhaust gas discharged from the gas generation furnace that generates the first gas from the object to be processed passes, or the object to be processed is combusted. a gas passage through which the exhaust gas discharged from the gas combustion furnace that generates the second gas passes; a material to be carbonized is introduced into the interior, and heat is transferred from the exhaust gas passing through the gas passage. and a dry distillation furnace; the ambient temperature of the material to be carbonized is raised to 700° C. or higher by the transmitted heat, and the material to be carbonized is dry distilled and carbonized.

Patent Document 3 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-237725) relates to a carbonization apparatus and a carbonization method for carbonizing a substance to be carbonized by dry distillation, without particularly miniaturizing the substance to be carbonized, and using almost no electric power or fossil fuel. A carbonization apparatus and a carbonization method are disclosed that can dry-distill and carbonize the

The carbonization apparatus described in Patent Document 3 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-237725) includes a box body having a space inside, a partition wall dividing the box body into at least two spaces on the left and right of a first space and a second space, and a second space. A combustion chamber arranged in one space for burning organic fuel, a dry distillation furnace arranged in a second space for storing carbonized substances, and a first exhaust duct connected to the upper part of the first space. , a second exhaust duct connected to the upper part of the second space, an upper opening connecting the two spaces provided in the upper part of the partition wall, and a gas introduction pipe leading from the inside of the carbonization furnace to the vicinity of the combustion point in the combustion chamber, Combustion gas is generated by burning organic fuel in the combustion chamber in one space, the combustion gas is introduced into the second space through the upper opening, and the combustion gas surrounds the pyrolysis furnace with an external heat. Combustion of organic fuel is promoted by heating and generating combustible cracked gas from the carbonized material in the heated dry distillation furnace, and introducing the cracked gas to the vicinity of the combustion point in the combustion chamber through the gas introduction pipe. It is something that makes

JP-A-2003-286489 JP-A-2003-213269 JP 2013-237725 A

As described above, waste materials (carbonized materials) containing organic matter such as wood or garbage are thermally decomposed by dry distillation under almost oxygen-free conditions, and hydrocarbons such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and methane are released from the carbonized materials into gases. There is known a carbonization apparatus for obtaining charcoal (charcoal) by volatilizing as charcoal.

Heating methods by dry distillation are broadly classified into internal heating methods and external heating methods. The internal heating method is a method in which the material to be carbonized is directly heated in a furnace containing the material to be carbonized. The external heating method is a method in which the material to be carbonized in the furnace is indirectly heated by heating the furnace from outside. The external heating type is roughly divided into a moving type in which the material to be carbonized is heated while being moved in the furnace, and a fixed type in which the material to be carbonized is heated while it is still in the furnace.

In general, the external heat type maintains an oxygen-free state more easily than the internal heat type, so it has the advantage that harmful substances including dioxins are not contained in the carbide and it is not generated as gas. be.

However, the techniques disclosed in the above patent documents have the following problems.
In the case of the carbonization apparatus of Patent Document 1, since the burner is continuously used during heating, it is necessary to use a large amount of fossil fuel such as liquefied petroleum gas and natural gas as fuel. Also, electric power is required to drive the blower for the burner.

Compared with the fixed carbonization apparatus of Patent Document 1, the mobile carbonization apparatus of Patent Document 2 is superior in that the carbonization temperature can be easily controlled and the heating efficiency is good and the carbonization time can be shortened. ing.
However, it requires a device and a large space for moving the carbonized material, requires power to drive the moving device, is inferior in portability, and can only use finely divided carbonized material. Inferior to fixed type in points.

In the carbonization apparatus of Patent Document 3, the temperature rise of the carbon material (wood) in the carbonization furnace tends to be uneven. As a result, part of the carbon material burns out or becomes extinguished in the areas near the combustion chamber of the carbonization furnace and in the upper part of the carbonization furnace, while the carbon material in the lower part of the carbonization furnace is not completely burned due to poor heat circulation. Occur. Therefore, the quality of charcoal tends to be uneven.

The present invention has been made to eliminate such drawbacks.
A main object of the present invention is to provide a batch-type carbonization apparatus which has a simple structure and can uniformly raise the temperature of the carbonaceous material in the carbonization furnace.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a batch type carbonization apparatus which has a simple structure, can uniformly raise the temperature of the carbonaceous material in the carbonization furnace, and can obtain biochar of uniform quality.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a batch-type carbonization apparatus capable of dry distillation and carbonization without miniaturizing the substances to be carbonized and with reduced consumption of electric power and fossil fuels.

(1)
A batch-type carbonization apparatus according to one aspect includes a metal carbonization apparatus main body having a space inside, a partition wall that divides the internal space of the carbonization apparatus main body into a combustion chamber and a heating chamber, and a partition wall that is arranged in the heating chamber and stores a material to be carbonized. a carbonization furnace, a communication port provided in the partition wall for communicating the combustion chamber and the heating chamber, and a gas introduction pipe penetrating the partition wall and communicating the carbonization furnace and the combustion chamber, wherein the gas introduction pipe communicates with the combustion chamber It extends from the side partition wall to a position away from the carbonization furnace partition wall and has a predetermined length.

In this case, by externally heating the surroundings of the carbonization furnace with the combustion gas from the combustion chamber, combustible cracked gas is generated from the substances to be carbonized in the carbonization furnace. Since the batch-type carbonization apparatus of the present invention is of an external heating type, temperature control is easy, and biochar can be produced according to the application. Moreover, the inside of the carbonization furnace becomes a positive pressure state due to the generation of cracked gas. As a result, the cracked gas is pushed out of the carbonization furnace and can be jetted into the combustion chamber through the gas introduction pipe. Here, since the gas introduction pipe leading from the inside of the carbonization furnace to the combustion chamber extends from the partition wall on the side of the combustion chamber to a position away from the partition wall of the carbonization furnace, cracked gas from the carbonization furnace flows due to the chimney effect. sent to the combustion chamber.

Therefore, the material to be carbonized (charcoal material) in the carbonization furnace can be uniformly heated by actively convecting the cracked gas in the carbonization furnace. As a result, the inside of the carbonization furnace can be brought to a substantially uniform temperature in a short period of time, and uniform carbonization can be achieved. Furthermore, the amount of residual volatile matter in the carbide can be reduced and the residual volatile matter can be uniformly reduced.

Further, when the tip of the gas introduction pipe is arranged near the partition wall as in the prior art described in Patent Document 3, it is possible to positively generate convection of cracked gas in the carbonization furnace. Therefore, the carbonaceous material in the carbonization furnace cannot be uniformly heated, and the above effects cannot be achieved.

In addition, by providing the gas introduction pipe with a predetermined length or longer, the cracked gas in the carbonization furnace is caused to convection, so that the temperature in the furnace can be kept uniform. The tar component can be burned in the combustion chamber while preventing liquefaction.
By changing the length and/or the diameter of the gas introduction pipe, it is possible to adjust the flow velocity and/or flow rate of the cracked gas introduced into the combustion chamber through the gas introduction pipe. Thereby, temperature control of the heating chamber and the carbonization furnace can be easily performed.
The optimum carbonization process (temperature conditions) of the carbonaceous material differs depending on the application. According to the batch-type carbonization apparatus of the present invention, it is easy to adjust the temperature of the heating chamber and the carbonization furnace, so biochar can be produced using a carbonaceous material suitable for the application.
Also, since the cracked gas is combustible, it has the effect of promoting the combustion of the organic fuel. That is, the combustible cracked gas introduced from the carbonization furnace and the air supplied to the combustion chamber promote and continue the combustion state in the combustion chamber. The amount of fossil fuel used can be greatly reduced compared to heating with

(2)
A batch-type carbonization apparatus according to a second aspect of the present invention is a batch-type carbonization apparatus according to one aspect, wherein the length of the gas introduction pipe is 40% or more of the distance between the wall facing the partition in the carbonization furnace and the partition. good too.

In this case, since the tip of the gas introduction pipe is arranged on the distal end side away from the partition wall of the carbonization furnace, cracked gas in the carbonization furnace is convected and stirred in the carbonization furnace, thereby Since the internal temperature is made uniform, the material to be carbonized in the carbonization furnace can be uniformly heat-treated.

In general, the carbonization furnace is heated sequentially from the side of the partition wall, so that the material to be carbonized stored on the side of the partition wall in the carbonization furnace is heated at a high temperature for a long period of time. The material contained therein is heated in a relatively short time and at a low temperature. However, since the length of the gas introduction pipe is 40% or more of the distance between the wall facing the partition in the carbonization furnace and the partition (hereinafter also referred to as the distance in the carbonization furnace), the relatively low-temperature cracked gas is sent to the combustion chamber through the gas introduction pipe, the cracked gas in the carbonization furnace is convected and stirred in the carbonization furnace, and the material to be carbonized in the carbonization furnace is uniformly heated.
Although the length of the gas introduction pipe can be varied depending on the size of the carbonization furnace, the length of the gas introduction pipe is more preferably 50% or more of the distance in the carbonization furnace. The longer the distance in the carbonization furnace, the greater the convection effect. Although the upper limit of the length of the gas introduction pipe is not limited, it is 90% or less, preferably 80% or less of the distance in the carbonization furnace. Therefore, the most appropriate length of the gas introduction pipe is 40 to 90% of the distance in the carbonization furnace.
Moreover, the cross-sectional shape of the gas introduction pipe can be appropriately changed to a circular shape, a rectangular shape, or the like. For example, it may be a round pipe or a square pipe. Furthermore, the gas introduction pipe may be arranged horizontally, or may be arranged so that the partition wall side is inclined downward. When the inner diameter of the gas introduction pipe is reduced, even if there is a concern that the gas introduction pipe may be clogged with tar, the tar clogging can be avoided by making the gas introduction pipe slightly inclined.

(3)
A batch-type carbonization apparatus according to a third aspect of the invention is the batch-type carbonization apparatus according to the invention according to one aspect or the batch-type carbonization apparatus according to the second invention, wherein the carbonization furnace comprises a metal cylindrical body, and the opening on the base end side of the carbonization furnace is It may be closed by a partition, and the opening on the tip side of the carbonization furnace may be closed by the side wall of the heating chamber.

In this case, in the carbonization furnace, the metal cylinder is arranged in the heating chamber, and the openings at both ends of the cylinder are closed by the partition wall and the side wall of the carbonization device, thereby forming a sealed space, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost. In addition, when taking out the carbide in the carbonization furnace, it can be easily taken out by opening the side wall of the heating chamber as a lid.

(4)
A batch-type carbonization apparatus according to a fourth aspect of the invention is the batch-type carbonization apparatus according to the third aspect of the invention, wherein a plurality of baffle plates for detouring the flow of combustion gas in the heating chamber are arranged around the carbonization furnace. may have been

In this case, the baffle plate detours the flow of the combustion gas sent from the combustion chamber to the exhaust port of the heating chamber, so that the carbonization furnace can be efficiently heated and the combustion gas can be agitated, so that the carbonization furnace can be uniformly heated. can be done.

(5)
A batch-type carbonization apparatus according to a fifth aspect of the invention is the batch-type carbonization apparatus according to the fourth aspect of the invention, further comprising a floor member for placing the material to be carbonized in the carbonization furnace, wherein the floor member and the bottom surface of the carbonization furnace A gas flow path may be formed between and and the gas flow path and the combustion chamber may be communicated with each other by a gas introducing pipe.

In this case, since the floor member in the carbonization furnace is used to form a gas flow path between the floor member and the bottom surface of the carbonization furnace, the production cost can be reduced. Further, by adjusting the length and area of the floor member, the flow rate and flow velocity of the cracked gas introduced into the combustion chamber can be adjusted.

(6)
A batch-type carbonization apparatus according to a sixth aspect of the invention is the batch-type carbonization apparatus according to the fifth aspect of the invention, wherein the base end portion of the floor member is connected to the partition wall, and the tip portion of the floor member and the side wall of the heating chamber are connected to each other. A gas passage may be formed to communicate between the gas passage and the interior of the carbonization furnace.

In this case, the cracked gas in the carbonization furnace is sent to the combustion chamber through the gas passage, the gas passage, and the gas introduction pipe. Therefore, the structure is relatively simple, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

(7)
A batch-type carbonization apparatus according to a seventh aspect of the invention may be the batch-type carbonization apparatus according to the sixth aspect of the invention, wherein the length of the gas introduction pipe may be adjustable.

In this case, since the length of the gas introduction pipe can be appropriately adjusted according to the type or amount of the material to be carbonized, the temperature environment in the carbonization furnace can be optimized. As a result, high-quality and uniform carbide can be obtained regardless of the type or amount of the material to be carbonized.

(A)
A batch-type carbonization apparatus according to a first aspect of the invention is the invention according to one aspect or the batch-type carbonization apparatus according to the second to sixth inventions, wherein the cracked gas generated in the carbonization furnace is sent to the combustion chamber through the gas introduction pipe. A mechanism for adjusting the flow rate and/or flow velocity of the decomposition gas may be provided, and the adjustment mechanism may be at least one of the length of the gas introduction pipe and the diameter of the gas introduction pipe.

In this case, by changing the length and/or the diameter of the gas introduction pipe, it is possible to adjust the gas velocity and gas flow rate at which the cracked gas is introduced into the combustion chamber through the gas introduction pipe.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a schematic perspective view which shows an example of the batch-type carbonization apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view showing an example of a batch-type carbonization apparatus. It is a schematic side view showing an example of a batch-type carbonization apparatus. 1 is a schematic side cross-sectional view of a batch-type carbonization apparatus; FIG. FIG. 3 is a side view of a main part of a partition wall portion of a batch-type carbonization apparatus; FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a main part of a batch-type carbonization apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a main part of the batch-type carbonization apparatus shown in FIG. 6;

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, the same reference numerals are given to the same parts. Moreover, in the case of the same reference numerals, their names and functions are also the same. Therefore, detailed description thereof will not be repeated.

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing an example of a batch-type carbonization apparatus 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the batch-type carbonization apparatus 10, and FIG. , and a schematic side view showing an example of a batch-type carbonization apparatus 10. FIG.

(Batch type carbonization device 10)
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the batch-type carbonization apparatus 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention mainly includes a carbonization apparatus main body 100, a combustion chamber 110, a heating chamber 120, a chimney 124, and a baffle plate 140 (see FIG. 4). A partition wall 150 , a communication port 152 , a carbonization furnace 200 and a gas introduction pipe 300 are included.

(Carbonization device body 100)
Carbonization apparatus main body 100 according to the present embodiment includes a plurality of plates (top plate 112, bottom plate 114, side plate 116 on heating chamber 120 side, side plate 117 on combustion chamber 110 side) made of metal such as stainless steel or iron having excellent heat resistance. , a right side plate 126 and a left side plate 127 viewed from the heating chamber side 120) are connected to each other to form a rectangular parallelepiped shape. A space is formed inside the carbonization apparatus main body 100 . A heat insulating material such as ceramic wool is provided on the inner surface of the carbonization apparatus main body 100 .

(Partition 150)
Next, the partition 150 is made of a plate-shaped heat insulating wall, and is disposed inside the carbonization device main body 100 such that the lower end, the upper end and both side portions of the partition 150 constitute the carbonization device main body 100, the bottom plate 114 and the top plate. It is joined to the inner surfaces of the plate 112 and the side plates 126,127. The partition wall 150 divides the internal space of the carbonization apparatus main body 100 into a combustion chamber 110 that is a space on the right side and a heating chamber 120 that is a space on the left side shown in FIGS.

(Communication port 152)
A communication port 152 that communicates the combustion chamber 110 and the heating chamber 120 is provided in the upper portion of the partition wall 150 . The communication port 152 may be formed by penetrating a part of the partition wall 150, or by cutting out a part of the upper end of the partition wall 150 to connect the upper end of the partition wall 150 and the lower surface of the top plate 112 of the carbonization apparatus main body 100 to each other. may be formed between
In this embodiment, the communication port 152 is formed at one location, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the communication port 152 may be formed at two or more locations.
The shape of the communication port 152, the opening area, and the ratio of the communication port 152 to the vertical cross-sectional area of the carbonization apparatus main body 100 can be appropriately set.

(Combustion chamber 110)
Combustion chamber 110 is a space for burning organic fuel. As shown in FIG. 4, a side plate 117 of the carbonization apparatus main body 100 is provided with a fuel inlet for introducing fuel into the combustion chamber 110 from the outside, and the fuel inlet is provided with a door 115a that can be opened and closed. . Further, an air volume adjusting port 115b for introducing air into the combustion chamber 110 is provided. Note that the temperature of the combustion chamber 110 according to the present embodiment is around 850 degrees Celsius.
Combustion chamber 110 may be provided with a perforated plate for holding fuel, an observation window for observing the degree of combustion, and the like.

Further, side plates 126 and 127 of the carbonization apparatus main body 100 are provided with air volume adjustment dampers for adjusting the amount of air introduced into the combustion chamber 110 . The position of these fuel inlets, the mounting position of the air volume adjustment damper, and the opening areas thereof can be set as appropriate. Further, the air volume adjusting dampers provided on the side plates 126 and 127 are opened when the furnace is cooled after carbonization is completed.

Further, as shown in FIG. 1 , two exhaust ducts 125 are provided in the combustion chamber 110 of the carbonization apparatus main body 100 . The top of the exhaust duct 125 is higher than the chimney 124, so that the gas in the combustion chamber 110 can be efficiently discharged to the outside by the draft effect when the temperature in the combustion chamber 110 rises sharply. and the temperature of the carbonization apparatus main body 100 can be lowered.
A partition wall 150 exists between the combustion chamber 110 and the heating chamber 120, and the chimney effect exhaust force of the exhaust duct 125 is greater than the chimney effect exhaust force of the chimney 124. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the heat of the combustion chamber 110 from being transmitted to the carbonization furnace 200 when emergency exhaust is performed by the exhaust duct 125 .

(heating chamber 120)
The heating chamber 120 is a space for supplying heat from outside the carbonization furnace 200 . Heat from the combustion chamber 110 is supplied to the carbonization furnace 200 through the communication port 152 . By providing baffle plates 140 to be described later around the carbonization furnace 200 in the heating chamber 120 , heat can be efficiently supplied to the carbonization furnace 200 . A chimney 124 is provided at the exhaust port of the heating chamber 120 . An exhaust port is provided at the furthest downstream side of the heating chamber 120 and at a position farthest from the communication port 152 . Further, heat convection can be activated by providing a chimney 124 and utilizing the chimney effect.

(organic fuel)
An organic fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber 110 to generate combustion gases within the combustion chamber 110 . The organic fuel is not particularly limited as long as it contains organic matter. For example, deforestation timber, thinning timber, pruning waste of roadside trees and park trees, chips such as construction waste timber, food residue such as sawdust, corn, and sugar cane, agricultural waste such as wheat straw and rice straw, and industrial waste including cellulose. etc. It is preferable to use one that does not contain harmful substances and has been dried to a moisture content of about 20% or less. Moreover, the material to be carbonized that is housed in the carbonization furnace 200 can also be used.

(Carbonization furnace 200)
A carbonization furnace 200 according to the present embodiment is composed of a metal cylindrical body. The opening on one side of the cylinder is closed by being joined or abutted against the partition wall 150, and the opening on the other side of the cylinder is joined or abutted on the inner surface of the side plate 116 of the carbonization apparatus main body 100. ing. The temperature of the carbonization furnace 200 according to the present embodiment is around 500 degrees Celsius.
The shape of the carbonization furnace 200 is not particularly limited, and may be rectangular parallelepiped shape, spherical shape, or the like, in addition to the cylindrical shape.

Further, the carbonization furnace 200 may be fixed to the heating chamber 120, or may be slidably configured so that it can be put into and taken out of the heating chamber 120 from the outside. The substances to be carbonized are stored in the carbonization furnace 200 according to the present embodiment, and the substances to be carbonized inside the carbonization furnace 200 are dry-distilled and carbonized by external heating from the surroundings of the carbonization furnace 200 .

The material to be carbonized can be inserted into the carbonization furnace 200 while being housed in a bottomed metal container 90 (FIG. 3) with an open top. The container 90 can be configured by providing side plates made of wire mesh around a metal bottom plate. The configuration and size of the container 90 can be conventionally known ones, and are not limited at all.

A plurality of casters are attached to the bottom of the container 90 , and these casters allow the container 90 to move on a floor member 130 laid in the carbonization furnace 200 . The casters may be omitted, and the material forming the container 90 may not be meshed.

(Gas introduction pipe 300)
A proximal end of gas introduction pipe 300 is disposed in combustion chamber 110 . The tip of the gas introduction pipe 300 is located at the distal end of the carbonization furnace 200 away from the partition wall 150 . A gas introduction port is formed at the tip of the gas introduction pipe 300 . This gas introduction port may be formed by an opening at the tip of the gas introduction pipe 300 or may be formed by providing a hole, slit, or the like in the side wall of the tip of the gas introduction pipe 300 .

The gas inlet tube 300 may be secured to the bulkhead 150 and/or to the carbonization furnace 200 using fasteners. The gas inlet tube 300 can also be configured to be removable from the bulkhead 150 and/or the carbonization furnace 200 . In this case, a plurality of gas introduction pipes 300 having different lengths and/or pipe diameters can be prepared and replaced according to the carbon material and target biochar.
As for the position of the gas introduction port, the gas introduction pipe 300 may extend from the partition wall 150 to the side plate 116 on the heating chamber 120 side (it does not necessarily have to be close to the side plate 116). The length of the pipe 300 is 40% or more, preferably 1/2 or more of the distance between the side wall 119 facing the partition 150 in the carbonization furnace 200 and the partition 150 (the distance in the carbonization furnace). A length of 300 is set.
Also, the length of the gas introduction pipe 300 is preferably 90% or less, more preferably 80% or less, of the distance in the carbonization furnace. Moreover, the distance from the side plate 116 of the distal end portion of the gas introduction pipe 300 is preferably 100 mm or more, and more preferably 400 mm or more.
Cracked gas generated in the carbonization furnace 200 is sent to the combustion chamber 110 through the gas introduction pipe 300 .

Moreover, the diameter (inner diameter) of the gas introduction pipe 300 is preferably 40 mm or more and 200 mm or less. More preferably, it is 50 mm or more and 185 mm or less.
Thereby, the flow rate of cracked gas generated in the carbonization furnace 200 is smoothly supplied to the combustion chamber 110 side. In addition, since the cracked gas has a high flow rate in the gas introduction pipe 300, it is possible to prevent the tar contained in the cracked gas from liquefying.

The batch-type carbonization apparatus 10 of the present invention effectively utilizes the power of the exhaust due to the chimney effect of the chimney 124 . The gas flow velocity of the gas introduction pipe 300 is preferably designed to be faster than the gas flow velocity of the chimney 124, and is preferably designed according to the following equation (1).
Inner cross-sectional area of chimney 124×0.75≧Inner cross-sectional area of gas introduction pipe 300≧Inner cross-sectional area of chimney 124×0.1 (Formula 1)
Further, the gas introduction pipe 300 preferably has a pipe cross-sectional area such that the flow velocity of the gas flowing therein is 0 m/sec or more and 5 m/sec or less.

(Side plate 116)
A side plate 116 of the carbonization apparatus main body 100 is formed with an opening having substantially the same diameter as the inner diameter of the carbonization furnace 200, and a substantially circular door 119 (also referred to as side wall) for opening and closing the opening is attached.

As described above, the left opening of the carbonization furnace 200 is joined to the inner surface of the side plate 116 of the carbonization apparatus main body 100. By opening the door 119, the carbonization is carried out through the opening of the carbonization apparatus main body 100 and the opening of the carbonization furnace 200. A container 90 can be moved in and out of the furnace 200 . For example, rails supporting casters may be provided to facilitate loading and unloading of the container 90 .

(Baffle plate 140)
As shown in FIG. 4 , a baffle plate 140 is provided outside the carbonization furnace 200 within the heating chamber 120 . The baffle plate 140 guides the combustion gas sent into the heating chamber 120 from the combustion chamber 110 through the communication port 152, flows the combustion gas to the upper and lower portions of the heating chamber 120, and transfers heat from the outside of the carbonization furnace 200. It is for giving.

As shown in FIG. 4, in this embodiment, three baffle plates 140 are arranged in the flow direction of the combustion gas. The baffle plate 140 on the proximal end side of the carbonization furnace 200, the central baffle plate 140, and the baffle plate 140 on the distal end side of the carbonization furnace 200 are joined to the top plate 112 and the side plates 126, 127 of the carbonization apparatus main body 100, respectively. , the lower end of the baffle plate 140 extends to the vicinity of the lower end of the heating chamber 120 .
Therefore, the flow of the combustion gas is blocked by the baffle plate 140 in most of the upper portion of the heating chamber 120 , and a flow path for the combustion gas is formed in the lower portion of the heating chamber 120 .
The central baffle plate 140 may be joined to the bottom plate 114 and the side plates 126 and 127 of the carbonization apparatus main body 100 so that its upper end extends to the vicinity of the upper end of the carbonization furnace 200 . In this case, the combustion gas flow is interrupted by the central baffle plate 140 in the lower portion of the heating chamber 120, and the combustion gas flow path is formed in the upper portion of the heating chamber 120 as well.

In this way, in the surrounding space of the carbonization furnace 200, the plate-shaped baffle plates 140 that are elongated in the vertical direction are arranged so that the combustion gas flows in a vertical detour. Therefore, the combustion gas flowing from the combustion chamber 110 toward the exhaust port of the carbonization furnace 200 is intercepted by these baffle plates 140 and bypasses the heating chamber 120 in the vertical direction, so that the carbonization furnace 200 is uniformly heated by the combustion gas. be done.

That is, in the present invention, the carbonization furnace 200 is indirectly heated by combustion gas.
If a burner is installed under the carbonization furnace 200 and the carbonization furnace 200 is directly heated with a flame, the carbonization furnace 200 will be heated to a considerably high temperature, and the furnace will easily be damaged. In other words, the heat resistance of the furnace is very much required, and as a result, the material cost rises, and the price of the batch-type carbonization apparatus rises. However, by indirectly heating the carbonization furnace 200 with combustion gas as in the present invention, the cost of the apparatus can be kept low.

The combustion gas (high temperature gas) itself normally flows upward as an air current, but the combustion gas (high temperature gas) supplied from the communication port 152 is forced to flow downward by the baffle plate 140 . In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of baffle plates 140 are arranged downward from the ceiling of the heating chamber 120, and the mouth of the chimney 124 is arranged near the floor of the heating chamber 120 and away from the partition wall 150. ing. As a result, the hot combustion gas remains between the plurality of baffle plates 140 . On the other hand, the combustion gas, which has become relatively low temperature over time, descends toward the floor of the heating chamber 120, and is sucked into the chimney 124 by the chimney effect, and new high-temperature combustion gas is released from the combustion chamber 110. will be supplied. In this way, the entire heating chamber 120 can be efficiently maintained at a high temperature, and the carbonization furnace 200 can be efficiently heated uniformly to a high temperature.

Although three baffle plates 140 are used in the above embodiment, only one baffle plate may be used, or a configuration without baffle plates may be used.

(Carbonization method)
Next, a carbonization method using the batch-type carbonization apparatus 10 of this embodiment will be described.
First, an operator opens the fuel inlet of the side plate 116, arranges the organic fuel in the combustion chamber 110, ignites the organic fuel by a well-known ignition method, and closes the fuel inlet of the side plate 116.
Combustion gas generated by burning the organic fuel rises in the combustion chamber 110 and flows into the heating chamber 120 through the communication port 152 .

Next, the combustion gas moves above the heating chamber 120 and hits the baffle plate 140 on the proximal end side, so that the flow direction of the gas is guided downward and moves below the heating chamber 120 .
Furthermore, the flow direction of the gas is changed downward by being guided by the next central baffle plate 140 and hitting the next distal end side baffle plate 140 , and the gas flows from below the heating chamber 120 to the chimney 124 . is discharged through The entrance of the chimney 124 is provided in the lower part of the heating chamber 120 at the furthest position from the combustion chamber 110 side.

In order to prevent the high-temperature combustion gas from staying only in the upper space in the heating chamber 120, the baffle plate 140 is used to guide the combustion gas in the vertical direction to change the flow path, thereby increasing the temperature in the heating chamber 120. The temperature difference between the top and bottom is reduced, and the interior of the carbonization furnace 200 can be heated almost evenly with no temperature difference between the top and bottom, and the quality of biochar (including carbonized materials such as charcoal) can be made uniform.

In addition, by heating the surroundings of the carbonization furnace 200 with the combustion gas using an external heating method, the substances to be carbonized in the carbonization furnace 200 generate combustible cracked gas.
Due to the generation of the cracked gas, the inside of the carbonization furnace 200 becomes a positive pressure state, and as a result, the cracked gas is forced out of the carbonization furnace 200 and jetted into the combustion chamber 110 through the gas introduction pipe 300 .

Since the base of the gas introduction pipe 300 is arranged near the combustion point in the combustion chamber 110 , the cracked gas is blown out toward the vicinity of the combustion point in the combustion chamber 110 . Combustion of organic fuels is facilitated because the cracked gases are combustible.
In this case, the cracked gas can be burned in the combustion chamber 110 before tar or the like contained in the cracked gas is liquefied.
Further, since the gas introduction port of the gas introduction pipe 300 is provided at a position close to the side plate 116, the high-temperature cracked gas generated near the partition wall 150 is sent to the gas introduction pipe 300 via the vicinity of the side plate 116. , the temperature difference inside the carbonization furnace 200 can be reduced.

In addition, after the organic fuel is burned, the combustible cracked gas introduced from the carbonization furnace 200 into the combustion chamber 110 and the air supplied from the air volume adjustment damper accelerate the combustion state in the combustion chamber 110. Continued. Therefore, the amount of fossil fuel used can be greatly reduced compared to the conventional carbonization apparatus in which heat is constantly applied with a burner or the like during the carbonization operation. Volatile components such as carbon monoxide contained in the cracked gas are purified by complete combustion.

After a predetermined period of time has passed and cracked gas is no longer generated from the carbonization furnace 200, the container 90 is taken out from the carbonization furnace 200 by opening the door 119 and containing biochar (including carbonized materials such as charcoal). ) can be obtained.

(Other embodiments)
Next, another embodiment will be described. FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a main part of a batch-type carbonization apparatus 10 according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a main part of the batch-type carbonization apparatus 10 shown in FIG. It is a diagram.

(Floor member 130)
As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, a batch-type carbonization apparatus 10 according to another embodiment has a floor member 130. FIG.
The floor member 130 on which the material to be carbonized is placed in the carbonization furnace 200 is made of a plate-like heat-resistant member. It is arranged in the carbonization furnace 200 over substantially the entire length of the carbonization furnace 200 . A gas introduction pipe 300 is arranged along the floor member 130 below the floor member 130 .

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 , in the present embodiment, a gas flow path 132 is formed between a floor member 130 arranged in the carbonization furnace 200 and the bottom surface of the carbonization furnace 200 . The floor member 130 is formed in a plate shape, and the material to be carbonized is placed on the floor member 130 . A base end portion of the floor member 130 is in contact with the partition wall 150 , and a gas passage 134 is formed between the front end portion of the floor member 130 and the side plate 116 of the heating chamber 120 .
The gas passage 132 and the combustion chamber 110 are communicated with each other by a gas introduction pipe 300 .

The batch-type carbonization apparatus 10 of this embodiment has a mechanism for adjusting the flow velocity and/or flow rate of the cracked gas generated in the carbonization furnace 200 and sent to the combustion chamber 110 through the gas introduction pipe 300 .
The adjustment mechanism can include a mechanism for changing at least one of the length of the gas introduction tube 300 and the diameter of the gas introduction tube 300 . By changing at least one of the length of gas introduction pipe 300 and the diameter of gas introduction pipe 300, the temperature of heating chamber 120 and carbonization furnace 200 can be easily adjusted. Therefore, an optimum carbonization step (temperature conditions) can be carried out according to the use of the carbonaceous material.

In order to change at least one of the length of the gas introduction pipe 300 and the diameter of the gas introduction pipe 300, a plurality of gas introduction pipes 300 having different lengths and/or diameters are prepared. Then, the partition wall 150 and the carbonization furnace 200 may be detachably attached. In addition, the length of the gas introduction pipe 300 is configured to be variable (for example, a plurality of pipe bodies are connected so that the length can be adjusted), the size of the batch type carbonization apparatus 10, the carbon material to be used, and the target biochar , the length of the gas introduction pipe 300 can be set to an optimum size according to the external environment (temperature, humidity) and the like.

The lower surface of the heating chamber 120 may be in direct contact with the laying surface, but from the viewpoint of heat retention, it is preferably formed slightly above the laying surface. A perforated plate support is provided slightly above the lower surface of the heating chamber 120, and the perforated plate is laid there.

In the present invention, the batch type carbonization apparatus 10 corresponds to the "batch type carbonization apparatus", the carbonization apparatus main body 100 corresponds to the "carbonization apparatus main body", the combustion chamber 110 corresponds to the "combustion chamber", and the heating chamber 120 corresponds to the "heating chamber", the partition 150 corresponds to the "partition", the communication port 152 corresponds to the "communication port", the carbonization furnace 200 corresponds to the "carbonization furnace", and the side wall 119 corresponds to the "side wall". The gas passage 132 corresponds to the "gas passage", the gas passage 134 corresponds to the "gas passage", and the gas introduction pipe 300 corresponds to the "gas introduction pipe".

Although one preferred embodiment of the invention is described above, the invention is not so limited. It is understood that various other embodiments can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the actions and effects of the configuration of the present invention are described, but these actions and effects are examples and do not limit the present invention.

10 Batch type carbonization apparatus 100 Carbonization apparatus main body 110 Combustion chamber 119 Side wall 120 Heating chamber 130 Floor member 132 Gas flow path 134 Gas passage 140 Baffle plate 150 Partition wall 152 Communication port 200 Carbonization furnace 300 Gas introduction pipe

Claims (7)

a metal carbonization device body having a space inside;
a partition wall that divides the internal space of the carbonization device body into a combustion chamber and a heating chamber;
a carbonization furnace disposed in the heating chamber and containing a material to be carbonized;
a communication port provided in the partition wall for communicating the combustion chamber and the heating chamber;
a gas introduction pipe that penetrates the partition wall and communicates the carbonization furnace and the combustion chamber,
The gas introduction pipe extends to a position away from the partition wall of the carbonization furnace,
The length of the gas introduction pipe in the carbonization furnace is 40% or more of the distance between the wall facing the partition in the carbonization furnace and the partition,
A batch-type carbonization apparatus, wherein the gas introduction pipe is arranged below the vertical center of the carbonization furnace and has a predetermined length. The partition wall is provided vertically between the combustion chamber and the heating chamber,
The batch type carbonization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the communication port is arranged above the carbonization furnace . The carbonization furnace consists of a metal cylinder,
an opening on the proximal end side of the carbonization furnace is closed by the partition wall;
3. The batch-type carbonization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a distal end side opening of said carbonization furnace is closed by a side wall of said heating chamber. 4. The batch-type carbonization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a plurality of baffle plates for detouring the flow of combustion gas in said heating chamber are arranged around said carbonization furnace. further comprising a floor member for placing the material to be carbonized in the carbonization furnace,
A gas flow path is formed between the floor member and the bottom surface of the carbonization furnace,
5. The batch-type carbonization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said gas passage and said combustion chamber are communicated by said gas introduction pipe. A proximal end of the floor member is connected to the partition wall,
6. The batch-type carbonization apparatus according to claim 5, wherein a gas passage is formed between the tip portion of the floor member and the side wall of the heating chamber to communicate the gas passage with the interior of the carbonization furnace. 7. The batch type carbonization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the length of said gas introduction pipe is adjustable.

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