JP2013237725A - Carbonizing apparatus and carbonizing method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a carbonizing apparatus and carbonizing method, for carbonizing an object to be carbonized by dry distillation, especially capable of carbonizing the object by the dry distillation without miniaturizing the object and while using little electricity and fossil fuel.SOLUTION: A carbonizing apparatus includes: a partition wall 30 for partitioning a box 20 into first and second spaces 28 and 29; a combustion chamber 40, arranged in the first space, for burning an organic fuel; a dry distillation furnace 50, arranged in the second space, for storing an object to be carbonized; a first ventilation duct 60 connected to the upper portion of the first space; a second ventilation duct 70 connected to the upper portion of the second space; an upper opening 31 for connecting the two spaces to each other; and a gas introducing pipe 53 extending from the inside of the dry distillation furnace to the vicinity of a burning portion of the combustion chamber.

Description

  The present invention relates to a carbonization apparatus and a carbonization method for carbonizing an object to be carbonized, and more particularly, to a carbonization apparatus and a carbonization method capable of carbonizing and carbonizing an object to be carbonized without refining the object and using almost no electric power and fossil fuel. .

  By pyrolyzing waste materials (carbonized materials) containing organic materials such as wood and garbage by dry distillation under almost oxygen-free conditions, hydrocarbons such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, etc. are volatilized from the carbonized materials as gas, and charcoal A carbonization apparatus and a carbonization method for obtaining (carbide) are known.

The heating method by dry distillation is roughly divided into an internal heating type in which the carbide is directly heated in a furnace containing the carbide, and an external heating type in which the carbide is indirectly heated from the outside of the furnace. Can be roughly divided into a mobile type that moves in the furnace and a fixed type.
For example, in Patent Document 1, carbonized material placed in a storage box is placed in a furnace (fixed type), and hot air burned by a burner is sent around the storage box (external heat type) to carbonize and carbonize. A carbonization furnace is disclosed.
Further, Patent Document 2 discloses that carbonized material refined into chips is moved by a screw conveyor in a carbonization furnace (moving type), and the surroundings of the carbonizing furnace are heated (external heating type) to carbonize and carbonize. A high temperature carbonization apparatus is disclosed.
In general, the external heat type is easier to maintain anoxic state than the internal heat type, so that harmful substances including dioxins are not included in the carbide, and it is not generated as a gas. There is.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-286489 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-213269

However, the conventional techniques as disclosed in the above patent documents have the following problems.
That is, in the case of the apparatus of Patent Document 1, since a burner is continuously used during heating, there is a problem that a large amount of fossil fuel such as liquefied petroleum gas or natural gas needs to be used as fuel. Further, there is a problem that electric power for driving the burner blower is required.
In addition, the mobile type as in Patent Document 2 is superior in that it is easy to control the carbonization temperature as compared with the fixed type as in Patent Document 1 and the heating efficiency is good and the carbonization time can be shortened. On the other hand, a point that requires a device and space for moving the carbide, a point that requires electric power to drive the moving device, a point that is inferior in portability, and a point that only a refined carbide can be used. There is a problem that it is inferior to the fixed type.

  In view of such problems, the present invention relates to a carbonization apparatus and a carbonization method for carbonizing a carbonized material by carbonization, and in particular, carbonization can be performed by carbonization without making the carbonized material fine, and using almost no electric power and fossil fuel. An object is to provide a carbonization apparatus and a carbonization method.

The carbonization apparatus of the present invention includes a box having a space inside, a partition that divides the box into at least two left and right spaces of a first space and a second space, and an organic fuel disposed in the first space. A combustion chamber for burning; a carbonization furnace disposed in the second space for storing the carbide; a first exhaust duct connected to an upper portion of the first space; and a first exhaust duct connected to an upper portion of the second space. 2 an exhaust duct, an upper opening connecting the two spaces provided above the partition, and a gas introduction pipe extending from the inside of the dry distillation furnace to the vicinity of the combustion site of the combustion chamber, Combustion gas is generated by burning organic fuel in the combustion chamber, the combustion gas is introduced into the second space through the upper opening, and the periphery of the dry distillation furnace is heated by the combustion gas by an external heating method. And combustible from the heated carbide in the carbonization furnace The decomposition gas is generated, and is characterized in that to promote the combustion of the organic fuel by the decomposition gas through the gas inlet pipe for introducing the combustion portion near the combustion chamber.
In the second space, at least one baffle plate for bringing the combustion gas introduced into the second space through the upper opening to the upper and lower sides of the second space is provided. And
The top end position of the first exhaust duct is higher than the top end position of the second exhaust duct.
Further, by joining a part of the carbonization furnace to the inner side surface of the box, the door of the box and the door for taking in and out the carbide into and from the carbonization furnace are made common.
In addition, an air volume adjusting damper for adjusting the amount of air introduced into the first space is provided on a side surface of the box.

  In addition, the carbonization method of the present invention includes a box having a space inside, a partition that divides the box into at least two spaces on the left and right of the first space and the second space, and is disposed in the first space and is organic. A combustion chamber for burning fuel; a dry distillation furnace disposed in the second space for storing the carbide; a first exhaust duct connected to an upper portion of the first space; and an upper portion of the second space. A carbonization apparatus comprising a second exhaust duct connected, an upper opening connecting the two spaces provided above the partition, and a gas introduction pipe extending from the inside of the dry distillation furnace to the vicinity of the combustion site of the combustion chamber is used. In the carbonization method, a step of generating a combustion gas by burning organic fuel in a combustion chamber in the first space, a step of introducing the combustion gas into the second space through the upper opening, The carbonization furnace by the combustion gas A step of heating the surroundings by an external heating method, a step of generating a combustible cracked gas from the heated carbide in the carbonization furnace, and a combustion location of the combustion chamber through the gas introduction pipe And the step of promoting the combustion of the organic fuel by introducing it in the vicinity.

According to the carbonization apparatus and the carbonization method of the present invention, the heat of the combustion gas generated by burning the organic fuel is used to heat the periphery of the dry distillation furnace by an external heating method, and then the dry distillation by heating. Combustion of organic fuel is promoted by introducing the combustible decomposition gas generated in the furnace into the vicinity of the combustion site of the combustion chamber through the gas introduction pipe. The amount of fossil fuel used can be suppressed to a very small amount as compared with the case where the surroundings are continuously heated by a burner or the like. In addition, since the cracked gas is blown out from the inside of the carbonization furnace brought into a positive pressure state by the generation of the cracked gas through the gas introduction pipe and sent to the combustion chamber and is attracted by the draft of the second exhaust duct, There is also an advantage that electric power for driving is not required.
Moreover, since it is a fixed type which keeps a to-be-carburized object in a dry distillation furnace, the apparatus and space for moving a to-be-carburized object like a mobile type become unnecessary.

Moreover, since it is not necessary to refine | miniaturize a to-be-carburized substance and it should just be a magnitude | size which can be stored in a dry distillation furnace, the workability | operativity of carbonization work improves.
Further, unlike the mobile carbonizer, the carbonizer of the present invention does not require power for driving the mobile device, and requires very little power to drive the temperature measurement sensor of the combustion chamber or the dry distillation furnace. In order to operate, if this electric power is supplied by a solar panel, carbonization work can be performed without a power source. Furthermore, since it is small and does not require a power source, there is an advantage that it is excellent in portability.
Moreover, by providing a flow path in the vertical direction of the combustion gas using a baffle plate, the temperature difference between the top and bottom in the second space is reduced, and the inside of the dry distillation furnace can be heated almost evenly without any difference in the top and bottom. And the quality of charcoal can be made uniform.

Further, by providing the gas introduction pipe, the combustible decomposition gas can be reliably sent to the vicinity of the combustion site.
In addition, by setting the position of the top end of the first exhaust duct higher than the position of the top end of the second exhaust duct, the first space can be used when the temperature in the first space suddenly increases due to a so-called draft effect. The gas inside can be efficiently discharged outside, and the temperature can be lowered.
In addition, by sharing the door formed in the box and the door for putting the carbide in and out of the carbonization furnace, the worker can easily put in and out the carbide compared to the case of opening each of the two doors. .
Further, by providing the air volume adjusting damper, the amount of air flowing into the combustion chamber can be adjusted, and the optimum carbonized state can be maintained.

Front view of carbonization equipment Left side view of carbonization equipment Carbonizer right side view Top view of carbonization equipment A-A 'arrow view of carbonization equipment B-B 'arrow view of carbonization equipment C-C 'line view of carbonization equipment D-D 'line view of carbonization equipment Front view (a), left side view (b) and plan view (c) showing structure of mesh container

[First Embodiment]
An embodiment of the carbonization apparatus of the present invention will be described.
As shown in FIGS. 1-8, the carbonization apparatus 10 is roughly comprised from the box 20, the partition 30, the combustion chamber 40, the dry distillation furnace 50, the 1st exhaust duct 60, the 2nd exhaust duct 70 grade | etc.,.

  The box 20 is configured in a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape by joining together a plurality of metal plates (top plate 21, bottom plate 22, front and rear side plates 23 to 26) excellent in heat resistance and weather resistance such as iron. It has a space inside it. The inner surface of the box 20 is covered with a heat insulating material 27 such as ceramic wool (shaded portion in FIG. 5). The front side plate 23 is divided into two side plates 23a and 23b at the center thereof, and can be opened and closed by a hinge mechanism in a so-called double door system.

The partition wall 30 is provided in order to divide the space inside the box 20 into two left and right spaces, a first space 28 and a second space 29, and specifically, the front and rear side plates 23, 24 that constitute the box 20. The partition wall 30 is joined to the bottom plate 22 to partition the first space 28 on the right side and the second space 29 on the left side shown in FIG.
An upper opening 31 for connecting the first space 28 and the second space 29 is formed above the partition wall 30.

The combustion chamber 40 is a space for burning the organic fuel 1 and is disposed in the first space 28.
As the organic fuel 1, it is preferable to use the carbide to be stored in the dry distillation furnace 50 itself.
The organic fuel 1 and the carbonized material are not particularly limited as long as they contain organic materials. For example, chips such as deforested timber, thinned timber, road and park tree pruning waste, building timber waste, sawdust, corn and sugar cane Food residues such as wheat straw, agricultural waste such as wheat straw and rice straw, and industrial waste containing fiber. Moreover, it is preferable to use a product that does not contain harmful substances and is dried to a moisture content of about 20% or less.
The side plate 23 on the front side of the box body 20 is formed with a fuel inlet 80 used when fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber 40, and the fuel inlet 80 can be opened and closed by a door.
Airflow adjustment dampers 81 for adjusting the amount of air introduced into the first space 28 are attached to the side plates 23 and 24 before and after the box 20.

The carbonization furnace 50 is for carbonizing and carbonizing the carbonized material by heating it from the surroundings in a state in which the carbonized material is stored therein, and is disposed in the second space 29. .
The carbonization furnace 50 is a cylindrical metal member having openings on the left and right sides, and the opening on the right side thereof is closed by being joined to the partition wall 30, and the opening 51 on the left side is the side plate on the left side of the box 20. 25 is joined to the inner surface. In addition, the shape of the dry distillation furnace 50 is not specifically limited, A rectangular parallelepiped shape, a spherical shape, etc. may be sufficient.
The carbide is stored in the dry distillation furnace 50 in a state of being placed in a bottomed metal mesh container 90 (see FIG. 9) having an open top. A plurality of casters 91 are attached to the lower part of the mesh container 90, and the casters 91 can move in the left-right direction on the bottom plate 52 (see FIG. 6) laid in the dry distillation furnace 50. The caster 91 may not be provided, and the material constituting the container may not be subjected to mesh processing.
A gas introduction pipe 53 extending from the inside of the dry distillation furnace 50 to the vicinity of the combustion portion of the combustion chamber 40 is attached to the right side surface of the dry distillation furnace 50. As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, one end of the gas introduction pipe 53 is connected to the dry distillation furnace 50. The gas introduction pipe 53 passes through the partition wall 30 and descends downward in the first space 28. It has a shape that branches back and forth in the vicinity of the table 82 to be placed. An infinite number of openings 53 b are provided on the side surfaces of the branching portion 53 a, and the combustion chamber is formed by injecting the combustible decomposition gas G 2 generated in the dry distillation furnace 50 from these openings 53 b through the gas introduction pipe 53. It has a mechanism for introducing it in the vicinity of 40 combustion locations.

  The left side plate 25 of the box 20 has an opening 25a having a diameter substantially the same as the inner diameter of the dry distillation furnace 50, and a substantially circular door 25b for sealing the opening 25a is disposed. The door 25b has a structure that can be opened and closed by a hinge. As described above, the left opening 25a of the carbonization furnace 50 is joined to the inner surface of the left side plate 25 of the box 20, and the opening 25a of the box 20 and the opening 51 of the carbonization furnace 50 are opened by opening the door 25b. The mesh container 90 can be taken in and out. That is, the door 25b formed on the side surface of the box 20 and the door for putting the carbide into and out of the carbonization furnace 50 are shared. By sharing the two doors in this way, the worker can easily put in and out the carbide as compared with the case of opening each of the two doors.

In the second space 29, a baffle plate 83 is disposed for causing the combustion gas G <b> 1 introduced into the second space 29 through the upper opening 31 to reach above and below the second space 29.
In the present embodiment, three baffle plates 83a to 83c are arranged in the left-right direction. The right and left baffle plates 83 a and 83 b are joined to the top plate 21 of the box 20 and the front and rear side plates 23 and 24, and the lower ends thereof reach the vicinity of the lower end of the dry distillation furnace 50. The central baffle plate 83 c is joined to the bottom plate 22 of the box 20 and the front and rear side plates 23 and 24, and the upper end thereof reaches the vicinity of the upper end of the dry distillation furnace 50.

  The first exhaust duct 60 is attached to the upper part of the top plate 21 of the box 20 and is connected to the upper part of the first space 28. Similarly, the second exhaust duct 70 is attached to the upper part of the top plate 21 of the box 20 and is connected to the upper part of the second space 29. The first exhaust duct 60 and the second exhaust duct 70 have a structure that allows an operator to freely open and close by operating a sealing means (not shown).

A temperature sensor (not shown) for measuring the temperature in the first space 28 and the second space 29 is attached. For example, a thermocouple can be used as the temperature sensor. If it is a thermocouple, the temperature difference between the first space 28 and the second space 29 can be measured with low power consumption. Electric power required for temperature difference measurement by a thermocouple can be sufficiently supplied by a small solar panel (not shown).
During normal carbonization work, the first exhaust duct 60 is blocked and the second exhaust duct 70 is opened, so that the operator needs to check the temperatures in the first space 28 and the second space 29 with temperature sensors. Each exhaust duct is opened and closed accordingly.

Next, the operation of the carbonization apparatus 10 and the carbonization method will be described.
First, the operator places the organic fuel 1 in the combustion chamber 40 with the front side plate 23 opened, ignites the organic fuel 1 by a well-known ignition means such as a lighter, and closes the front side plate 23.
The combustion gas G1 generated by burning the organic fuel 1 rises to the upper part of the first space 28 and moves into the second space 29 through the upper opening 31.

Next, the combustion gas G <b> 1 moves above the second space 29, hits the right baffle plate 83 a, changes its path, and moves below the second space 29. As described above, the right baffle plate 83a is configured such that the lower end thereof reaches the vicinity of the lower end of the dry distillation furnace 50. Therefore, the combustion gas G1 descending to the vicinity of the lower end of the dry distillation furnace 50 is from the lower end of the right baffle plate 83a. After reaching the lower side, it rises again in the state guided by the baffle plate 83a on the right side and the baffle plate 83c at the center, and reaches the upper side of the second space 29.
Since the upper end of the central baffle plate 83c is configured to reach the vicinity of the upper end of the dry distillation furnace 50, the combustion gas G1 rising to the vicinity of the upper end of the dry distillation furnace 50 exceeds the upper end of the central baffle plate 83c and further left Go in the direction. Similarly, after the combustion gas G1 collides with the left baffle plate 83b, the path of the combustion gas G1 is changed downward, reaches the lower side of the second space 29, reaches below the lower end of the left baffle plate 83b, and then moves to the left side. It reaches above the second space 29 in a state guided by the baffle plate 83b and the left side plate 25.

  Thus, by providing a flow path in the vertical direction using the baffle plate 83 so that the high-temperature combustion gas G1 does not stay only in the second space 29, the upper and lower temperatures in the second space 29 are provided. The difference is reduced, the inside of the dry distillation furnace 50 is also not substantially different in the vertical direction, and can be heated almost evenly, and the quality of charcoal can be made uniform.

By combusting the periphery of the dry distillation furnace 50 with the combustion gas G <b> 1 by an external heating method, a combustible cracked gas G <b> 2 is generated from the carbide in the dry distillation furnace 50. The generation of the cracked gas G2 brings the inside of the dry distillation furnace 50 to a positive pressure state, and is attracted by the draft of the second exhaust duct 70, so that the cracked gas G2 is pushed out of the dry distillation furnace 50 and the gas introduction pipe 53 Is ejected in the vicinity of the combustion location of the combustion chamber 40 in the first space 28.
Since the cracked gas G2 is combustible as described above, it has an effect of promoting the combustion of the organic fuel 1. That is, once the organic fuel 1 is combusted, the combustion state is promoted and continued by the combustible cracked gas G2 introduced from the dry distillation furnace 50 and the air supplied from the air volume adjustment damper 81. The amount of fossil fuel used can be greatly reduced as compared with the case of constant heating with a burner or the like during the carbonization operation as in the carbonization apparatus 10. Note that volatile components such as carbon monoxide contained in the cracked gas G2 are purified by complete combustion.
Also, immediately after ignition, white smoke is discharged from the second exhaust duct 70 due to evaporation of moisture contained in the organic fuel 1, but the dry distillation furnace 50 is warmed and combustion in the combustion chamber 40 is promoted by the cracked gas G2. The smoke becomes colorless and then stabilizes with little smoke.

The operator visually confirms the temperature difference detected by the temperature sensor, and when the temperature rises or falls more than necessary, the operator operates the blocking means and the air volume adjustment damper 81 to change the first exhaust duct 60, the first 2 Opening / blocking of the exhaust duct 70 and the amount of air introduced into the combustion chamber 40 are adjusted.
In addition, when the temperature in the 1st space 28 rises more than necessary, the temperature of the combustion gas G1 sent into the 2nd space 29 from the 1st space 28 becomes high, and the temperature in the dry distillation furnace 50 in connection with this. And the amount of cracked gas G2 generated from the inside of the dry distillation furnace 50 increases, so that combustion in the first space 28 is promoted, and there is a risk of so-called thermal runaway that the temperature in the first space 28 further increases. is there. Therefore, it is preferable that the position of the top end of the first exhaust duct 60 is set higher than the position of the top end of the second exhaust duct 70. As a result, when the temperature in the first space 28 rises more than necessary, the operator operates the blocking means to efficiently exhaust the gas in the first space 28 to the outside by the draft effect, thereby lowering the temperature. Can be made.
Then, after the predetermined time has passed, the cracked gas G2 is no longer generated from the inside of the dry distillation furnace 50, and then naturally cooled, the door 25b is opened, the mesh container 90 is taken out from the dry distillation furnace 50, and charcoal can be obtained. Note that when the temperature below the inside of the dry distillation furnace 50 reaches about 400 ° C., it can be determined that the generation amount of the cracked gas G2 is reduced and the carbonization is completed.
Tar or the like generated in the dry distillation furnace 50 can be collected and discarded by a drain (not shown) provided at the lower part of the dry distillation furnace 50.
In the carbonization apparatus 10 of the present invention, the entire periphery of the dry distillation furnace 50 can be heated almost uniformly and at a high temperature. For example, when a felled tree having a specific gravity of about 0.2 to 0.3 and a diameter of about 50 mm is used as the carbonized material, The amount of carbonization is about 2,500L, and the time required for carbonization is about 5 hours. Carbonization can be completed in a very short time compared with the conventional charcoal baking equipment (several days).

In the above embodiment, the three baffle plates 83a to 83c are used. However, only one plate may be used, or a configuration in which no baffle plate is used may be used.
In addition, although the position of the top end of the first exhaust duct 60 is higher than the position of the top end of the second exhaust duct 70, an optimum draft can be obtained depending on the environment of the installation location of the carbonization apparatus 10 or the like. It can be adjusted as appropriate.
Moreover, although the door 25b formed in the side surface of the box 20 and the door for taking in and out the to-be-carburized material into the dry distillation furnace 50 are made common, you may provide these separately.

  The present invention relates to a carbonization apparatus and a carbonization method for carbonizing an object to be carbonized, and more particularly, to a carbonization apparatus and a carbonization method capable of carbonizing and carbonizing an object to be carbonized without refining the object and using almost no electric power and fossil fuel. And has industrial applicability.

G1 Combustion gas G2 Decomposition gas 10 Carbonization device 20 Box 28 First space 29 Second space 30 Partition 31 Upper opening 40 Combustion chamber 50 Dry distillation furnace 60 First exhaust duct 70 Second exhaust duct 80 Fuel inlet 81 Air volume adjustment damper 83 Baffle plate 90 mesh container

Claims (6)

A box having a space inside,
A partition that divides the box into at least two left and right spaces of the first space and the second space;
A combustion chamber disposed in the first space for burning organic fuel;
A carbonization furnace disposed in the second space for storing the carbides;
A first exhaust duct connected to an upper portion of the first space;
A second exhaust duct connected to an upper portion of the second space;
An upper opening connecting the two spaces provided in the upper part of the partition;
A gas introduction pipe extending from the inside of the dry distillation furnace to the vicinity of the combustion portion of the combustion chamber,
Combustion gas is generated by burning organic fuel in a combustion chamber in the first space, the combustion gas is introduced into the second space through the upper opening, and the combustion gas surrounds the dry distillation furnace. Is heated by an external heating method, a combustible cracked gas is generated from the carbonized substance in the heated carbonization furnace, and the cracked gas is introduced into the vicinity of the combustion portion of the combustion chamber through the gas introduction pipe. And carbonizing the organic fuel.   In the second space, at least one baffle plate for bringing the combustion gas introduced into the second space through the upper opening to the upper and lower sides of the second space is provided. The carbonization apparatus according to claim 1.   The carbonization apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a position of a top end of the first exhaust duct is higher than a position of a top end of the second exhaust duct.   2. A part of the carbonization furnace is joined to an inner side surface of the box, so that the door of the box and the door for taking in and out the carbide into the carbonization furnace are made common. The carbonization apparatus as described in any one of -3.   The carbonization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising an air volume adjusting damper for adjusting an amount of air introduced into the first space on a side surface of the box. A box having a space inside, a partition partitioning the box into at least two left and right spaces of the first space and the second space, and a combustion chamber disposed in the first space for burning organic fuel; A carbonization furnace disposed in the second space for storing the carbide, a first exhaust duct connected to an upper portion of the first space, a second exhaust duct connected to an upper portion of the second space, and the partition wall In a carbonization method using a carbonization apparatus provided with an upper opening that connects the two spaces provided in the upper part and an introduction pipe extending from the inside of the dry distillation furnace to the vicinity of the combustion site of the combustion chamber,
Generating a combustion gas by burning organic fuel in a combustion chamber in the first space; introducing the combustion gas into the second space through the upper opening; and A step of heating the periphery of the dry distillation furnace by an external heating method, a step of generating a combustible cracked gas from the heated carbide in the dry distillation furnace, and the combustion chamber through the gas introduction pipe And a step of accelerating the combustion of the organic fuel by introducing it in the vicinity of the combustion site.

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